PKpAhrendt, H. Köthe, A. Lietzow, A. Marheine, D. Ritzkowski, S.1995tLithostratigraphie, Biostratigraphie und radiometrische Datierung des Unter-Eozäns von Helmstedt (SE-Niedersachsen)450-4573Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft146 StratigraphyGermanyCenozoic? +Ainsworth, N.R. Riley, L.A. Gallagher, L.T.2000An Early Cretaceous lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic framework for the Britannia Field reservoir (Late Barremian–Late Aptian), UK North Sea 345-367Petroleum Geoscience64 StratigraphybA Lower Barremian–Upper Aptian lithostratigraphic scheme applicable to the Britannia Field (Blocks 15/29, 15/30, 16/26 and 16/27) is presented. The Britannia Sandstone Formation reservoir is formally subdivided into three members (type well 15/30-9); the Lapworth (Late Barremian to Early Aptian), Kilda (Late Aptian) and Bosun (latest Aptian) members. The Lapworth Member is subdivided into three units, Lapworth ‘A’ (Late Barremian), the intra-Fischschiefer Lapworth ‘B’ (intra-Early Aptian) and Lapworth ‘C’ (Early Aptian). The Early Barremian to Early Aptian upper Valhall Formation is subdivided into seven units: ‘V3A’ the Hauptblatterton, ‘V3B’, ‘V3C’, ‘V3D’, Fischschiefer Bed, and ‘V4’. The overlying Sola and Rodby Formations are subdivided into Units ‘S1’ and ‘S2’ of the ‘Lower’ Sola Formation (Late Aptian), plus Units ‘S3’ and ‘S4’ of the ‘Upper’ Sola Formation (Early Albian). The Rodby Formation (Middle? to Late Albian) is subdivided into three units: ‘R2’, ‘R3’ and ‘R4’. A high resolution biostratigraphic zonal scheme is defined for the Early Barremian to earliest Albian interval, utilizing calcareous nannoplankton, micropalaeontology and palynology. Within this, 49 zones and 38 subzones (12 microfaunal zones and 4 subzones, 23 palynological zones and 19 subzones, and 14 nannoplankton zones and 15 subzones) are recognized. Of these, 5 micropalaeontological zones (and 4 subzones), 11 palynological zones (and 15 subzones) and 7 calcareous nannoplankton zones (and 10 subzones) are directly applicable to the Britannia reservoir section. North Sea CretaceousMinternal-pdf://Ainsworth et al. (2000)-4131207936/Ainsworth et al. (2000).pdf ? o'Aitken, J. F. Quirk, D. G. Guion, P. D.1999pRegional correlation of Westphalian sandbodies onshore UK; implications for reservoirs in the southern North Sea747-756HPetroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 5th conference5Fleet, A.J. Boldy, S.A.R.LondonThe Geological SocietyAtlantic-Ocean Carboniferous- clastic-rocks coal- coal-fields correlation- England- Europe- geophysical-methods Great-Britain Lincolnshire-England Midlands- North-Atlantic North-Sea offshore- oil-and-gas-fields onshore- Paleozoic- Pennines- petroleum- petroleum-engineering petroleum-exploration reservoir-properties reservoir-rocks sandstone- sedimentary-rocks seismic-methods southern-North-Sea United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous well-logging Western-Europe Westphalian- Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sourcesPetroleum GeologyAn extensive and closely-spaced seismic and well dataset from coal and hydrocarbon exploration in the East Pennie Coalfield and the East Midlands Oilfield has enabled the detailed subsurface correlation and mapping of major Westphalian A to C sandbodies. Maximum flooding surfaces are represented by marine bands which are faunal concentrate condensed horizons. The large fluvial sandbodies do not show characteristics of incized valley fills. The remoteness of the study area from the sea during deposition meant that eustatic changes are less significant than other factors. The interplay of tectonics, climate and autocyclic processes was responsible for exceedingly complex sequences in terms of both lateral and vertical organization, and it is difficult to isolate the relative importance of the various mechanisms controlling sedimentation. Closely spaced onshore borehole data and outcrop studies have been used to model reservoir characteristics and continuity offshore in the Southern North Sea, where well spacing is far greater. Architectural variability and 3D geometry of onshore sandbodies can be used as an analogue for Southern North Sea reservoirs. Geometric data from 20 mapped onshore sandbodies illustrates a relationship between sandbody width and thickness, with 90% of channel sandbodies being less than 25 km in width and less than 40 m in thickness. A remarkable similarity exists between the sand distribution onshore UK and Westphalian reservoir intervals in the Southern North Sea. Sandbodies onshore and offshore show comparable thicknesses (up to 100 m) and widths (up to 30 km). Additionally, the sandbodies do not display incised bases, as is also typical of all the main Westphalian reservoir targets in the Southern North Sea. 1-86239-039-8UK Carboniferousb?'Alberts, L.J.H. Geel, C.R. Klasen, J.J.2003vReservoir characterisation using process-response simulations: the Lower Cretaceous Rijn Field, West Netherlands Basin313-324"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences82Petroleum Geology Netherlands CretaceousGinternal-pdf://Alberts et al (2003)-3753544704/Alberts et al (2003).pdf?Alberts, M.A. Underhill, J.R.1991lThe effect of Tertiary structuration on Permian gas prospectivity, Cleaver Bank area, southern North Sea, UK161-173@Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons1 Spencer, A.M.BerlinJSpecial Publication of the European Association of Petroleum GeoscientistsPetroleum Geology North SeaTertiarySinternal-pdf://Alberts & Underhill (1991)-2545681169/Alberts & Underhill (1991).pdf? Alblas, L.D.2001LThe petroleum industry in the Netherlands - its settings and possible future23-32"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences801Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric9internal-pdf://Alblas (2001)-2576346368/Alblas (2001).pdf8? Almon, W.R.1981xDepositional environment and diagenesis of Permian Rotliegendes sandstones in the Dutch sector of the southern North Sea119-147 Clays and the resource geologistLongstaffe, F.J.-#Mineralogical Association of CanadaClastic sedimentology North Sea Rotliegend?GAlvaro, J.J. Aretz, M. Boulvain, F. Munnecke, A. Vachard, D. Vennin, E.2007^Fabric transitions from shell accumulations to reefs: an introduction with Palaeozoic examples1-16IPalaeozoic Reefs and Bioaccumulations: Climatic and Evolutionary Controls275GAlvaro, J.J. Aretz, M. Boulvain, F. Munnecke, A. Vachard, D. Vennin, E.LondonGeological SocietyCarbonate sedimentologyGeneric PalaeozoicAinternal-pdf://Alvaro et al 2007-2719640833/Alvaro et al 2007.pdf? Amedro, F.2009mStratigraphie sequentielle des successions albiennes du bassin Anglo-Parisien et du bassin de Mons (Belgique)12-367Bulletin d'information des Geologues du Bassin de Paris462 StratigraphyBelgium Cretaceouso?Ames, R. Farfan, P.F.1996}The environment of deposition of the Triassic Main Buntsandstein Formation in the P and Q quadrants, offshore the Netherlands167-178,Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands/Rondeel, H.E. Batjes, D.A.J. Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. DordrechtKluwer Academic PublishersClastic sedimentology North SeaTriassic? Amin, M. A.1979OGeochemistry and Mineralogy of Namurian Sediments in the Pennine Basin, England? SheffieldSheffield University GeochemistryUK Carboniferousl?Amler, M.R.W. Herbig, H.-G2006{Ostrand der Kohlenkalk-Plattform und Übergang in das Kulm-Becken im westlichsten Deutschland zwischen Aachen und Wuppertal441-477?Stratigraphie von Deutschland, VI - Unterkarbon (Mississippium)41Amler, M.R.W. Stoppel, D.HannoverSchr.-R. Dt.Ges. Geowiss. StratigraphyGermany Carboniferous,?Amler, M.R.W. Stoppel, D.2006?Stratigraphie von Deutschland, VI - Unterkarbon (Mississippium)590@Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften41Amler, M.R.W. Stoppel, D.HannoverSchr.-R. Dt.Ges. Geowiss. StratigraphyGermany Carboniferous ?Amthor, J.E. Okkerman, J.1998bInfluence of early Diagenesis on Reservoir Quality of Rotliegende Sandstones, Northern Netherlands 2246-22655American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin8212 Diagenesis Netherlands Rotliegend#? Andre, L.1991The concealed crystalline basement in Belgium and the 'Brabantia' microplate concept: constraints from the Caledonian magmatic and sedimentary rocks117-139,Annales de la Societe Geologique de BelgiqueT. 114Structural GeologyBelgium Palaeozoicv?&Andresen, K.J. Huuse, M. Clausen, O.R.2008Morphology and distribution of Oligocene and Miocene pockmarks in the Danish North Sea – implications for bottom current activity and fluid migration445-466Basin Research203Clastic sedimentology North SeaCenozoicKinternal-pdf://Andresen et al. (2008)-3211503365/Andresen et al. (2008).pdfu?&Andresen, K.L. Clausen, O.R. Huuse, M.2009A giant (5.3 x107 m3) middle Miocene (c. 15 Ma) sediment mound (M1) above the Siri Canyon, Norwegian–Danish Basin: Origin and significance 1640-1655Marine and Petroleum Geology26Clastic sedimentologyDenmarkTertiaryKinternal-pdf://Andresen et al. (2009)-1957559553/Andresen et al. (2009).pdf? Anonymous20092Shale gas acreage, European database draw interest35-36Oil and Gas Journal10723Petroleum GeologyEuropeGeneric?Archard, G. Trice, R.1990A preliminary investigation into the spectral radiation of the Upper Carboniferous marine bands and its stratigraphic application167-173Newsletters on Stratigraphy213Carboniferous- gamma-ray-methods geophysical-methods lithostratigraphy- marine-environment Namurian- Paleozoic- radioactivity-methods Upper-Carboniferous Westphalian- Stratigraphy StratigraphyGeneric Carboniferous$?FArets, L.A.G.L Maas, W. Muysken, P.J. Stuffken, J. Wijffels, F.C.M.1962bHet voorkomen van mijngas en de strijd tegen te hoge concentraties bij de staatsmijnen in Limburg.39-86"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences41Petroleum Geology Netherlands Carboniferous ?Aretz, M. Chevalier, E.2007After the collapse of stromatoporid–coral reefs — the Famennian and Dinantian reefs of Belgium: much more than Waulsortian mounds163-188IPalaeozoic Reefs and Bioaccumulations: Climatic and Evolutionary Controls275JÁlvaro, J. J. Aretz, M. Boulvain, F. Munnecke, A. Vachard, D. Vennin, E.London&Geological Society Special PublicationCarbonate sedimentologyBelgiumDevonian-CarboniferousOinternal-pdf://Aretz & Chevalier (2007)-3895971590/Aretz & Chevalier (2007).pdf? *Argent, J.D. Stewart, S.A. Underhill, J.R.2000Controls on the Lower Cretaceous Punt Sandstone Member, a massive deep-water clastic deposystem, Inner Moray Firth, UK North Sea275-285Petroleum Geoscience63Clastic sedimentologynInterpretation of high-quality seismic data, constrained by exploration wells, provides insights into controls on the stratigraphic architecture and deep-water sedimentary processes that governed deposition of the Lower Cretaceous Punt Sandstone Member in the Inner Moray Firth Basin. We suggest a model of deposition in which sediment provenance from the north and west progressively filled depositional accommodation in proximal depocentres before spilling into more distal areas via linear, confined and incised channel complexes. As well as giving important clues into post-rift depositional processes in the basin, and a well-imaged ancient analogue for the deposition of massive deep-water sands, the seismic and stratigraphic data may also provide important insights into factors governing the poorly imaged Lower Cretaceous sands in neighbouring basins of the North Sea. North Sea CretaceousGinternal-pdf://Argent et al. (2000)-4097024256/Argent et al. (2000).pdfB?!+Armour, A. Bathurst, P. Evans D. Graham, C.2003MThe Millennium Atlas, Petroleum Geology of the Central and Northern North sea389 The Geological Society of LondonOil-and-gas-fieldsPetroleum geology North SeaGenericEinternal-pdf://Armour et al.(2003)-1898858501/Armour et al.(2003).pdf:?" Arthur, M.A. Sageman, Bradley B.1994QMarine Black Shales: Depositional mechanisms and environments of ancient deposits499-551,Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science22 GeochemistryGenericGenericMinternal-pdf://Arthur & Sageman (1994)-2418538498/Arthur & Sageman (1994).pdf{?#Atherton, A.F. Gipps, P.B.1991gThe Structure, Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon Potential North of the Frisian Islands Offshore Netherlands85-101@Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons1 Spencer, A.M.BerlinJSpecial Publication of the European Association of Petroleum GeoscientistsPetroleum Geology North SeaGeneric }?$!=Atkinson, Chris D. Verwest, Bruce Baker, Graham O Mara, Peter2001|Direct gas detection in the Rotliegendes sandstone; a potential new opportunity for exploration in the UK Southern Gas Basin8@American Association of Petroleum Geologists 2001 annual meetingDenverfAmerican Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogistsamplitude- calibration- clastic-rocks detection- elastic-waves Europe- faults- geophysical-methods geophysical-surveys natural-gas Paleozoic- Permian- petroleum- petroleum-exploration prestack-migration production- relief- reserves- Rotliegendes- sandstone- sedimentary-rocks seismic-methods seismic-migration Southern-gas-basin structural-traps surveys- technology- three-dimensional-models traps- United-Kingdom Upper-Permian visualization- Western-Europe Zechstein- Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sourcesPetroleum GeologyWith discovered reserves to date of 54 TCF of gas and cumulative production since 1967 of 34 TCF the UK Southern Gas Basin (SGB) is regarded as a truly great petroleum province. The main play, the Permian Rotliegendes Sandstone, is considered a mature exploration target, a fact reflected by the general reduction in new discovery reserves size through time as smaller and smaller prospects have become harder and harder to find. In the late 1980's increased use of 3D seismic data temporarily reversed this trend as more structurally subtle Rotliegendes objectives were defined and drilled with success. In the 1990's the increasing use of pre-stack time and depth migrated data, with improved definition of complex structural features and improved spatial positioning, provided a similar step change in exploration success. The future for continued success in the SGB may rely on a potentially more exciting innovation that utilises careful pre-stack amplitude analysis and accurate well calibration to provide a tool to enable direct detection of gas within the Rotliegendes. This technology becomes especially relevant in those areas of the basin where very low relief (<40 meters) but areally extensive base Zechstein closures are known to exist or within fields with undrained, fault sealed, compartments. In these areas a combination of accurate depth mapping of the structure coupled with the overlay of a calibrated amplitude response and 3D visualisation techniques, reveals the presence of several potentially large (up to 600 bcf), low risk, Rotliegendes targets. Successful drilling of these features could lead to a dramatic increase in discovery sizes in the basin and a new lease of life for the Rotliegendes fairway.UK Rotliegend?% Autin, W.J.2008Stratigraphic analysis and paleoenvironmental implications of the Wijchen Member in the lower Rhine-Meuse Valley of the Netherlands291-308"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences874Clastic sedimentology Netherlands Quaternary?&8Avseth, P. Jorstad, A. Van Wijngaarden, A.-J. Mavko, G.2009[Rock physics estimation of cement volume, sorting, and net-to-gross in North Sea sandstones98-108 Leading Edge28 Geophysics North SeaGeneric?'Azmy, K. Poty, E. Brand, U.2009rHigh-resolution isotope stratigraphy of the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary in the Namur–Dinant Basin, Belgium117-124Sedimentary Geology216 StratigraphyBelgiumDevonian–Carboniferous?( Bacaud, B.20046Squeezing Salts: Experience within Total E&P Nederland3-19&Squeezing salts - an expensive problemBreunese, J.M. Schroot, B.M.UtrechtTNO-NITG - EBNPetroleum Geology Netherlands Zechstein?)IBachmann, G.H. Voigt, T. Bayer, U. Von Eynatten, H. Legler, B. Littke, R.2008PDepositional history and sedimentary cycles in the Central European Basin System157-172ODynamics of Complex Intracontinental Basins - The Central European Basin System.Littke, R. Bayer, U. Gajewski, D. Nelskamp, S.BerlinSpringerGeologyGermanyGenericKinternal-pdf://Bachmann et al. (2008)-2478619153/Bachmann et al. (2008).pdf-D?*!/Back, S. Van Gent, H.W. Reuning, L. Kukla, P.A.2009jSeismic Character of Tectonically Controlled Sedimentation in the Upper Cretaceous Chalk, Danish North SeaEAGE AmsterdamGeologyDenmark CretaceousCinternal-pdf://Back et al. (2009)-3042974465/Back et al. (2009).pdf?+(Badley, M.E. Price, J.D. Backshall, L.C.1989bInversion, reactivated faults and related structures: seismic examples from the southern North Sea201-219Inversion tectonics44Cooper, M.A. Williams, G.D.London&Geological Society Special PublicationStructural Geology North SeaGenericEinternal-pdf://Badley et al (1989)-0291803393/Badley et al (1989).pdfr?,o?Bailey, J. B. Arbin, P. Daffinoti, O. Gibson, P. Ritchie, J. S.19931Permo-Carboniferous plays of the Silver Pit Basin707-715HPetroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th conference4 Parker, J.R.LondonThe Geological SocietyAtlantic-Ocean block-structures Carboniferous- deltaic-environment Europe- faults- fluvial-environment Namurian- natural-gas normal-faults North-Atlantic North-Sea Paleozoic- Permian- petroleum- petroleum-exploration reservoir-rocks sedimentation- Silver-Pit-Basin source-rocks southern-North-Sea systems- tectonics- thermal-maturity United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Westphalian- Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sourcesPetroleum GeologyUKPermian-Carboniferous?-rBailey, R.J. Lloyd, D.A.2001}A log correlation of the Rotliegend of the northern Cleaver Bank High: the search for controls on reservoir sand distribution351-358Petroleum Geoscience74Petroleum GeologyGamma ray log correlations of some 50 Open File wells were used to investigate the distribution and relative age of aeolian Leman Sandstone developments across the northern Cleaver Bank High. The correlations led to a sequence stratigraphic interpretation based on a depositional record of climatically forced fluctuations in the level of the Silverpit Formation playa lake system. This confirmed the widely reported diachroneity of the Leman Sandstone and identified the onlapped Base Permian palaeotopography and climatically forced, generally positive, changes in the water budget of the Silverpit Lake as the chief controls on aeolian sand distribution. However, a ‘1/fn’ power law distribution of changes in water budget is preferred to the idea of strictly cyclic climatic control. On this basis, the transgression of the northern Cleaver Bank High and the occurrence of aeolian and lacustrine end-member facies within depositional sequences of uniform thickness can be understood. Interval isochores were used to derive palaeotopographic maps of the Base Permian. Taken in conjunction with the observed facies of the onlapping depositional sequences, the maps locate under-explored basal aeolian Leman Sandstone play fairways. North Sea RotliegendIinternal-pdf://Bailey & Lloyd (2001)-3692932096/Bailey & Lloyd (2001).pdf?.o Bain, J.S.1993IHistorical overview of exploration of Tertiairy plays in the UK North Sea5-13HPetroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th conference4 Parker, J.R.LondonThe Geological SocietyPetroleum Geology North SeaTertiary5internal-pdf://Bain (1993)-2035472640/Bain (1993).pdf?/"Baldschuhn, R. Best, G. Kockel, F.19912Inversion tectonics in the north-west German basin149-159@Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons1 Spencer, A.M.OxfordJSpecial Publication of the European Association of Petroleum GeoscientistsStructural GeologyGermanyGenericOinternal-pdf://Baldschuhn et al. (1991)-2881284625/Baldschuhn et al. (1991).pdf?0Baldschuhn, R. Kockel, F.19999Das Osning-Lineament am Sudrand des Niedersachsen Beckens673-6953Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft1504Structural GeologyGermanyGeneric?1MBanka, D. Pharaoh, T. C. Williamson, J. P. Lee, M. K. Thybo, H. Wybraniec, S.2002WPotential field imaging of Palaeozoic orogenic structure in Northern and Central Europe23-45Tectonophysics3601-4 AmsterdamArmorican-Massif Avalonia- Baltic-Shield Bruno-Silesia Central-Europe crust- Europe- France- geophysical-methods geophysical-profiles geophysical-surveys gravity-methods lithosphere- Lysogory-Terrane magnetic-methods Malopolska-Terrane orogenic-belts orogeny- Paleozoic- potential-field Russian-Platform surveys- suture-zones tectonics- terranes- Trans-European-suture-zone Western-Europe Solid-earth-geophysics Applied-geophysics GeophysicsThe Trans-European suture zone (TESZ) is the most fundamental lithospheric boundary in Europe, separating the ancient crust of the Fennoscandian Shield-East European Craton from the younger crust of Central Europe, and extending deep into the mantle. Geophysical potential field images provide an overview of the entire Paleozoic orogenic system of Northern and Central Europe for the first time. The TESZ is largely concealed by sedimentary basins of Permian-Cenozoic age; geological observations are largely restricted to local basement highs and deep boreholes, and the coverage of deep seismic surveys is widely spaced, despite experiments recently acquired within the EUROPROBE program. By contrast, the potential field data offer a relatively detailed coverage of standardized observations throughout the TESZ. While some features of the images may be sourced in the near surface, particularly in the gravity image, much of their content reflects the structure of the underlying Palaeozoic basement. At the scale presented, the images highlight the most fundamental features of the crustal structure of the TESZ. These include the strong contrast between the highly magnetic crust of the East European Craton and the less magnetic Paleozoic-accreted terranes of Central Europe; the lateral continuity of terranes and their internal structure, particularly where arc-magmatic complexes are involved; and the location and geometry of the terrane boundaries (oceanic sutures and strike-slip zones) that separate them.Europe Palaeozoic?2 Bard, J. P.1997Demembrement ante-mesozoique de la chaine varisque d'Europe occidentale et d'Afrique du Nord; role essentiel des grands decrochements transpressifs dextres accompagnant la rotation-translation horaire de l'Afrique durant le Stephanien693-7043Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Serie II3249CAfrica- African-Plate Carboniferous- displacements- Europe- faults- Gondwana- lateral-faults movement- North-Africa Paleozoic- plate-rotation plate-tectonics preferred-orientation right-lateral-faults Stephanian- strike-slip-faults tectonics- transpression- Upper-Carboniferous Variscides- Western-Europe Structural-geologyStructural GeologyIn western Europe and North-Africa, the continental Stephanian is a period of major dextral transpressive faulting associated with the large clockwise rotation-translation of Africa (Gondwana) towards North America. This is the first reason why this belt has been strongly fragmented in numerous exotic segments before new redistributions during the circum-mediterranean Alpine orogenic processes. It is attempted to rebuild the "puzzle" just before and after the Stephanian.Europe Palaeozoic?3 Bardi, F.2009=3D seismic analysis of the Terschelling Basin sliding complex23034-UT-2009-02153/AUtrecht%TNO Built Environment and Geosciences Geophysics North SeaCenozoicGinternal-pdf://TNO-034-UT-209-02153-0361520640/TNO-034-UT-209-02153.pdf?4 Barnasch, J.2009Der Keuper im Westteil des Zentraleuropäischen Beckens (Deutschland, Niederlande, England, Dänemark): diskontinuierliche Sedimentation, Litho-, Zyklo- und Sequenzstratigraphie262Halle+Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg StratigraphyNorthwest EuropeTriassic=internal-pdf://Barnasch (2009)-3362710785/Barnasch (2009).pdfs?5Barr, D.2007WConductive faults and sealing fractures in the West Sole gas fields, southern North Sea431-451Structurally complex reservoirs292-Jolley, S.J. Barr, D. Walsh, J.J. Knipe, R.J.London&Geological Society Special PublicationStructural Geology North Sea Rotliegend5internal-pdf://Barr (2007)-3540334337/Barr (2007).pdf(?6o+Bartholomew, I.D. Peters, J.M. Powell, C.M.1993hRegional structural evolution of the North Sea: oblique slip and the reactivation of basement lineaments 1109-1111HPetroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th conference4 Parker, J.R.LondonThe Geological SocietyStructural Geology North SeaGenericOinternal-pdf://Bartholomew et al (1993)-3438009866/Bartholomew et al (1993).pdf?7 Battens, D.J.1987qRevision of S.J. Dijkstra's Late Cretaceous megaspores and other plant microfossils from Limburg, The Netherlands1-55%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst41 Palaeontology Netherlands Cretaceous]?8Bauer, C. Fichler, C.2002kQuaternary lithology and shallow gas from high resolution gravity and seismic data in the central North Sea229-236Petroleum Geoscience83 Geophysics%High resolution marine gravity data and 3D post-stack seismic data from the central North Sea have been jointly interpreted. The accuracy of the gravity data allowed the detection of density contrasts related to a Quaternary sub-glacial melt-water channel, a shallow gas accumulation and a Tertiary gas chimney. The combination of gravity and seismic data is shown to particularly improve the detection of the shallow gas accumulation. The interpretation included visual correlation of gravity images and seismic data performed in a seismic workstation environment, as well as 2.5D gravity modelling along selected seismic profiles. The successful application of this method on shallow targets requires a limited complexity of the shallow strata as well as targets defined by a distinct density contrast and a reasonable size. Data requirements include high-resolution bathymetric and free air gravity data. Bouguer gravity data, which are commonly used in exploration, cannot be used here as densities may vary within the uppermost layer below the sea bottom. North Sea QuaternaryKinternal-pdf://Bauer & Fichler (2002)-0893788160/Bauer & Fichler (2002).pdf?90Baum, M.G. K.-H.Bletschert M. Wagner M. Schmitt1997AApplication of surface prospecting methods in the Dutch North Sea171-181Petroleum Geoscience3Engineering Geology North SeaGenericE?:4Baykulov, M. Brinka, H.-J. Gajewskia, D. Yoon, M.-K.2009aRevisiting the structural setting of the Glueckstadt Graben salt stock family, North German Basin162-172Tectonophysics470Structural GeologyGermanyPermianKinternal-pdf://Baykulov et al. (2009)-2091142144/Baykulov et al. (2009).pdfU?;Bechtel, A. Püttmann, W.1992Paleoceanography of the early Zechstein Sea during Kupfershiefer deposition in the Lower Rhine Basin (Germany): a reappraisal from stable isotope and organic geochemical investigations331-3581Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology136PalaeogeographyGermany Zechstein?<Beijer, H. Fermont, W. J. J.1987uThe Geological Bureau for the mining district, the Geological Foundation and the Geological Survey of the Netherlands51-62;Seventy-five years of geology and mining in the Netherlands-Visser, W.A. Zonneveld, J.I.S. van Loon, A.J. The Hague>Royal Geological and Mining Society of The Netherlands (KNGMG)History NetherlandsGeneric?=Bekendam, R.F.1996MSubsidence over solution cavities in salt in the Twenthe-Rijn Concession Area--138- RotterdamDelft Technical University Subsidence NetherlandsGeneric?>Bekendam, R.F.2000eSubsidence over upwards migrated salt solution cavities in the Hengelo Brine field; a follow-up study- Geocontrol-- Subsidence NetherlandsGeneric'??'Bekendam, R.F. Oldenziel, C. Paar, W.A.2000pPrediction of time-dependent subsidence, tilt and horizontal strain over upwards migrated salt solution cavities221-2278th World Salt Symposium1Geertman, R.M. AmsterdamElsevier Subsidence NetherlandsGeneric?@Bekendam, R.F. Pötgens, J.J. 1995IGround movements over the coal mines of southern Limburg, The Netherlands3-12|Land subsidence: by fluid withdrawal, by solid extraction, theory and modelling, environmental effects and remedial measures2341Barends, F.B.J. Brouwer, F.J.J. Schröder, F.H. RotterdamIAHS Publication Seismicity NetherlandsGeneric?A;Belka, Zdzislaw Skompski, Stanislaw Sobon Podgorska, Janina1996Reconstruction of a lost carbonate platform on the shelf of Fennosarmatia; evidence from Visean polymictic debrites, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland315-329.Recent advances in Lower Carboniferous geology1074Strogen, Peter Somerville, Ian D. Jones, Gareth L. London'Geological Society Special Publicationsbreccia- carbonate-platforms carbonate-rocks Carboniferous- Central-Europe clastic-rocks clasts- detritus- Devonian- Dinantian- Europe- eustacy- Famennian- Fennosarmatia- Frasnian- marine-environment Nida-Platform paleogeography- Paleozoic- Poland- provenance- reconstruction- regression- sea-level-changes sedimentary-rocks shelf-environment Swiety-Krzyz-Mountains tectonics- Tournaisian- transgression- uplifts- Upper-Devonian Visean- StratigraphyCarbonate sedimentologyPoland Carboniferous?BBellingham, P. White, N.2000EA general inverse method for modelling extensional sedimentary basins219-226Basin Research12Structural GeologyGenericGenericQinternal-pdf://Bellingham & White (2000)-1381722624/Bellingham & White (2000).pdf?CBénard, F. Bouché, P.1991KAspects of the petroleum geology of the Variscan foreland of Western Europe119-137@Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons1 Spencer, A.M.BerlinJSpecial Publication of the European Association of Petroleum Geoscientistsgbasement- basins- black-shale cap-rocks carbonate-rocks Carboniferous- Central-Europe chemically-precipitated-rocks clastic-rocks coal- compression-tectonics deformation- deltaic-environment Devonian- Dinantian- distribution- England- Europe- evaporites- evolution- faults- foreland-basins genesis- geochemistry- Germany- Great-Britain heat-flow Hercynian-Orogeny lacustrine-environment limestone- lithofacies- maturity- Midland-Valley Namurian- organic-residues orogeny- paleogeography- Paleozoic- petroleum- petroleum-engineering Poland- possibilities- reactivation- reservoir-properties sandstone- Scotland- sea-level-changes sediment-supply sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- shale- siltstone- Sole-Pit-Basin source-rocks subsidence- tectonics- Tornquist-Fault transgression- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sourcesPetroleum GeologyEurope CarboniferousKinternal-pdf://Benard & Bouche (1991)-2751055361/Benard & Bouche (1991).tif?DBender, F.von Hedemann, H.A.1983pZwanzig Jahre erfolgreiche Rotliegend-Exploration in Nordwestdeutschland – weitere Aussichten auch im Präperm39-49Erdöl-Erdgas Zeitschrift992Petroleum GeologyGermany Rotliegend ?EdBenek, R. Kramer, W. McCann, T. Scheck, M. Negendank, J. F. W. Korich, D. Huebscher, H. D. Bayer, U.1996;Permo-Carboniferous magmatism of the Northeast German Basin379-404Tectonophysics2661-4alkali-basalts andesites- basalts- basin-analysis basins- Carboniferous- Central-Europe eruptions- Europe- geochemistry- Germany- Hercynian-Orogeny igneous-activity igneous-rocks lithogeochemistry- major-elements North-German-Plain orogeny- Paleozoic- Permian- pull-apart-basins rhyolites- Rotliegendes- tectonics- tholeiitic-basalt trace-elements volcanic-rocks volcanism- Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Igneous-and-metamorphic-petrology Structural-geology MagmatismvVariscan continent-continent collision in Central Europe was followed by a period of syn- to late-tectonic magmatism involving the extrusion of large volumes of Permosilesian-age volcanic rocks, particularly in the Northeast German Basin. The volcanic suite (up to ca. 2000 m thick) comprises rhyolites, acid and basic andesites, and tholeiitic and alkali basalts. Tectono-geochemical analysis, in conjunction with volume calculations and petrography reveals changes in volcanic activity over time. A total of five eruptive stages are recognised beginning in the Stephanian and extending up into the upper Rotliegend (Permian). These include; the Stephanian (Late Carboniferous) (andesite) pre-ignimbrite stage (I), lower Rotliegend (Permian)-age (explosive) ignimbrite stage (II), post-ignimbrite stage (III), late rhyolite stage (IV), and, upper Rotliegend (Permian)-age late basalt stage (V). In addition, several volcanic centres including at least two large caldera-like structures are recognised. The total calculated volume for the Northeast German Basin volcanics is ca 48,000 km (super 3) , comprising rhyolitic rocks and ignimbrites (ca. 70%), andesitic rocks (ca. 26%) and basalts with cogenetic dolerites (ca. 4%). Regional variations in composition and geochemistry are related to diverse crust-mantle regimes which correlate with differing positions relative to the heterogeneous basement of the Variscan foredeep or within the Rhenohercynian orogenic zone. The crustal thickening and increasing generation depth of the mafic magmas from north to south may reflect the presence of a pre-existing subduction-influenced basaltic magma source.GermanyCarboniferous-PermianCinternal-pdf://Benek et al (1996)-0351178241/Benek et al (1996).pdfK?FBBerger, Gilles Lacharpagne Jean, Claude Velde, B. Beaufort, Daniel1997pKinetic constraints on illitization reactions and the effects of organic diagenesis in sandstone-shale sequences23-35Applied Geochemistry12 GeochemistryGenericGeneric7internal-pdf://Illitisation-1020006400/Illitisation.pdf$?G)Bergström, J. Bless, M.J.M. Paproth, E.1985rThe marine Knabberud limestone in the Oslo Graben: possible implications for the model of Silesian palaeogeography181-1943Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft136PalaeogeographyNorway Carboniferous?H Bertelsen, F.1972\A Lower Carboniferous microflora from the Ørslev No. 1 borehole, island of Falster, Denmark7899-Danm. Geol. Und. (II) PalaeontologyDenmark CarboniferousF?I Besly, B. M.1988\Palaeogeographic implications of Late Westphalian to Early Permian red-beds, central England200-221YSedimentation in a synorogenic basin complex: the Upper Carboniferous of Northwest EuropeBesly, B. M. Kelling, G.GlasgowBlackiePalaeogeographyUKCarboniferous-Permian?J Besly, B.M.1998 Carboniferous104-136FPetroleum Geology of the North Sea, basic concepts and recent advances Glennie, K.W.Oxford BlackwellPetroleum Geology North Sea Carboniferous?K Besly, B. M.2005ULate Carboniferous redbeds of the UK southern North Sea, viewed in a regional context225-226XCarboniferous hydrocarbon geology - The southern North Sea and surrounding onshore areas7=Collinson, John D. Evans, David J. Holliday, D.W. Jones, N.S.-3Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional PublicationClastic sedimentologyUK Carboniferous?Lo%Besly, B. M. Burley, S. D. Turner, P.1993WThe Late Carboniferous "barren red bed" play of the Silver Pit area, southern North Sea727-740HPetroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th conference4 Parker, J.R.LondonThe Geological Society?alluvium- Atlantic-Ocean Carboniferous- clastic-rocks clastic-sediments natural-gas North-Atlantic North-Sea Paleozoic- petroleum- red-beds reservoir-rocks sedimentary-rocks sediments- Silver-Pit-Basin southern-North-Sea Upper-Carboniferous Westphalian- Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Sedimentary-petrologyPetroleum GeologyUK Carboniferous?MBesly, B. M. Fielding, C.R.1989ZPalaeosols in Westphalian coal-bearing and red-bed sequences, central and northern England303-3301Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology70Clastic sedimentologyUK Carboniferous?N"Best, G. Kockel, F. Schoeneich, H.1983.Geological history of the southern Horn Graben25-33Geologie en Mijnbouw62GeologyGermanyGenericAinternal-pdf://Best et al (1983)-1583824385/Best et al (1983).pdf?O)Betz, D. Fuhrer, F. Greiner, G. Plein, E.1987#Evolution of the Lower Saxony Basin127-170Tectonophysics137Structural GeologyGermanyGermany?P Bijlsma, S.1981lFluvial sedimentation from the Fennoscandian area into the Northwest European Basin during the Late Cenozoic337-345Geologie en Mijnbouw8PalaeogeographyWestern EuropeCenozoic`?Q9Binot, F. Gerling, P. Hiltmann, W. Kockel, F. Wehner, H.1991.The Petroleum System in the Lower Saxony Basin121-139@Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons- Spencer, A.M.BerlinJSpecial Publication of the European Association of Petroleum GeoscientistsPetroleum GeologyGermanyGeneric=?RZBisdom, E.B.A. van Adrichem Boogaert, H.A. Heintzberger, G. Schoonderbeek, D. Thiel, F.1983Porosity measurements and form analysis of mineral grains in thin sections from oil- gas reservoir rocks using Quantimet 720 and BESI323-337Geoderma30Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric?SBishoff, F. Wolburg, J.1963'Zur Entwicklung des Obermalm im Emsland445-472Erdöl-Erdgas Zeitschrift79Petroleum GeologyGermanyJurassic?TBlackbourn, G.A. Thomson, M.E.2000Britannia Field, UK North Sea: petrographic constraints on Lower Cretaceous provenance, facies and the origin of slurry-flow deposits329-343Petroleum Geoscience64 PetrologypDeep-water sandstones of the Early Cretaceous Britannia reservoir are rich in ‘muddy’ material, with the development of unusual ‘slurry-flow’ deposits (sensu Lowe & Guy 2000), including banded facies. The banding comprises couplets of pale sandstone containing microporous detrital chlorite and other clays, retaining substantial porosity, and dark sandstone in which biotite (now altered to chlorite) has promoted quartz pressure solution that has largely destroyed porosity. The main source of the abundant chlorite and biotite is the Jurassic Forties Igneous Province, underlying and surrounding the Britannia Field. Altered alkali basalts and other lithologies here are known to be rich in both minerals. Grain-size distributions have been examined using image analysis. The banded facies are generally finer grained than the high-density turbidite and unbanded slurry-flow sandstones, and may be a distal equivalent. Dark bands in some cases contain no more fine clays than associated light bands, indicating that Lowe & Guy’s model for dark-band formation, invoking a cohesive sublayer, is incomplete. Gelation of chlorite-rich clays within each banded couplet is proposed as an alternative mechanism. These microporous pore-filling chlorites have restricted the precipitation of quartz overgrowths and other non-porous cements, although their presence inhibits permeability. North Sea CretaceousUinternal-pdf://Blackbourn & Thomson (2000)-1413164544/Blackbourn & Thomson (2000).pdf?U Blanche, J.B.1973aThe Rotliegendes Sandstone Formation of the United Kingdom sector of the Southern North Sea Basin85-89Mining and Metallurgy-Clastic sedimentology North Sea RotliegendR?V Bless, M.J.M.1973The history of the Finefrau Nebenbank Marine Band (Lower Westphalian A) in south Limburg (the Netherlands). A case of interaction between paleogeography, paleotectonics and paleoecology57-1033Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, nieuwe serie24Palaeogeography Netherlands Carboniferous?W Bless, M.J.M.19813Delfstoffen in Limburg: Verleden, heden en toekomst17-33"Miscellanea Geologica Coriovallana-Natural resources NetherlandsGeneric?X Bless, M.J.M.19819Paleoecologisch onderzoek in het Carboon van Zuid-Limburg61-68"Miscellanea Geologica Coriovallana- Palaeontology Netherlands Carboniferous?Y Bless, M.J.M.1982|The Famennian and Dinantian in the boreholes Heugem1-1a and Kastanjelaan-2 (Maastricht, the Netherlands): summary of results56-588Publikaties van het Natuurhistorisch Genootschap Limburg32 Stratigraphy NetherlandsDevonian-Carboniferous?Z Bless, M.J.M.1987YSummary of geology and hydrogeology of thermal boreholes (South Limburg, The Netherlands)97-99,Annales de Société Géologique de Belgique110Geology NetherlandsGeneric?[ Bless, M.J.M.1991`Eustatic sea level and depth of a Late Cretaceous epi-continental sea: an example from NW Europe339-346Geologie en Mijnbouw704PalaeogeographyWestern Europe Cretaceous?\Bless, M.J.M. Boonen, P. Bouckaert, J. Brauckmann, C. Conil, R. Dusar, M. Felder, W.M. Gökdag, H. Kockel, F. Laloux, M. Langguth, H.R. Meer Mohr, C.G. van der Meessen, J.P.M.T. Veld, F. op het Paproth, E. Pietzner, H. Plum, J. Poty, E.1981Preliminary report on Lower Tertiary-Upper Cretaceous and Dinantian-Famennian rocks in the boreholes Heugem-1-1a and Kastanjelaan-2 (Maastricht, the Netherlands)333-415%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst35 Stratigraphy NetherlandsGeneric?]/Bless, M. J. M. Boonen, P. Dusar, M. Soille, P.1981eMicrofossils and depositional environment of late Dinantian carbonates at Heibaart (northern Belgium)135-165,Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique104Arthropoda- Belgium- biostratigraphy- carbonate-rocks Carboniferous- Crustacea- Dinantian- environment- Europe- Foraminifera- grainstone- Heibaart- Invertebrata- lagoonal-environment lagoonal-sedimentation limestone- Mandibulata- microcrystalline-limestone microfossils- new-taxa Ostracoda- paleontology- Paleozoic- Protista- sedimentary-petrology sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- stratigraphy- wackestone- Western-Europe StratigraphyCarbonate sedimentologyBelgium Carboniferous?^nBless, M.J.M. Bosum, W. Bouckaert, J. Dürbaum, H.-J. Kockel, F. Paproth, E. Querfurth, H. Rooyen, P. van1980Geophysikalische Untersuchungen am Ost-Rand des Brabanter Massivs in Belgien, den Niederländen und der Bundesrepublik Deutschland313-343%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst3217 Geophysics Netherlands, Belgium and Germany Palaeozoic?_Bless, M. J. M. Bouckaert, J.1988dSuggestions for a deep seismic investigation North of the Variscan mobile belt in the SE Netherlands229-241,Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique111 Geophysics Netherlands Palaeozoic?`Bless, M.J.M. Bouckaert, J. Bouzet, P. Conil, R. Cornet, P. Fairon-Demaret, M. Groessens, E. Longerstaey, P. Meesen, J.P.M.T. Paproth, E. Pirlet, H. Streel, M. Amerom, H.W.J. Wolf, M. 1976Dinantian rocks in the subsurface north of the Brabant and Ardenno-Rhenish massifs in Belgium, the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany81-1953Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, nieuwe serie27Carbonate sedimentology Netherlands, Belgium and Germany Carboniferous?a BBless, M.J.M. Bouckaert, J. Calver, M. Dejonghe, L. Graulich, J.M.1977+Olie en gas in het pre-Perm van West Europa5814811HaarlemRijks Geologische DienstPetroleum Geology-Western Europe PalaeozoicW?bEBless, M.J.M. Bouckaert, J. Calver, M.A. Graulich, J.M. Paproth, E.1977Paleogeography of Upper Westphalian deposits in N.W. -Europe with reference to the Westphalian C north of the mobile Variscan belt101-1473Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, nieuwe serie28PalaeogeographyWestern Europe Carboniferous?c~Bless, M. J. M. Bouckaert, J. Conil, R. Groessens, E. Kasig, W. Paproth, E. Poty, E. van Steenwinkel, M. Streel, M. Walter, R.1980gPre-Permian depositional environments around the Brabant Massif in Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany1-81Sedimentary Geology27|Belgium- Cambrian- Carboniferous- Central-Europe controls- cyclic-processes Devonian- Europe- evolution- geologic-maps Germany- maps- marine-environment Netherlands- Ordovician- orogeny- paleogeography- Paleozoic- provenance- reefs- sedimentation- Silurian- stratigraphy- structural-controls structural-geology tectonics- uplifts- West-Germany Western-Europe Sedimentary-petrologyPalaeogeography Netherlands, Belgium and Germany Palaeozoic?d8Bless, M. J. M. Bouckaert, J. Finger, J.A.M. Paproth, E.1984DOorsprong en winning van steenkool langs Henne, Samber, Maas en Worm68Geofiles-HistoryBelgium Carboniferous?e)Bless, M. J. M. Bouckaert, J. Paproth, E.1983Recent exploration in pre-Permian rocks around the Brabant Massif in Belgium, the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany51-62Geologie en Mijnbouw62allochthons- Belgium- bibliography- block-structures Brabant-Massif Caledonian-Orogeny Central-Europe cratons- economic-geology energy-sources Europe- exploration- faults- Germany- Hercynian-Orogeny kinematics- Netherlands- overthrust-faults paleogeography- Paleozoic- structural-geology tectonics- uplifts- West-Germany Western-Europe Structural-geology Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sourcesPetroleum Geology Netherlands, Belgium and Germany PalaeozoicCinternal-pdf://Bless et al (1983)-2707937025/Bless et al (1983).pdf?f'Bless, M.J.M. Bouckaert, J. Paproth, E.1983MPre-Permian around the Brabant Massif in Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany1-179%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst32Palaeogeography Netherlands, Belgium and Germany Palaeozoic6?g'Bless, M.J.M. Bouckaert, J. Paproth, E.1987XFossil Assemblages and Depositional Environments: Limits to Stratigraphical Correlations61-73European Dinantian Environments-#Miller, J. Adams, A.E. Wright, V.P. ChichesterJohn Wiley & Sons Ltd. StratigraphyBelgiumGenericM?hiBless, M.J.M. Brauckmann, C. Conil, R. Herbig, H.-G. Poty, E. Ribbert, K.-H. Streel, M. Weber, H.M1998REin Devon-Karbon-grenzprofil im untergrund der Niederrheinischen Bucht bei Krefeld55-798Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen37 StratigraphyGermanyDevonian-Carboniferous?i3Bless, M.J.M. Dusar, M. Felder, P.J. Swennen, R.1993pLithology and biostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene carbonates in the Molenbeersel borehole (NE Belgium)239-257Geologie en Mijnbouw71 StratigraphyBelgiumCretaceous-Tertiairy ?j&Bless, M.J.M. Loboziak, S. Streel, M.1977\An Upper Westphalian C "Hinterland" microflora from the Haaksbergen-1 Borehole (Netherlands)135-1403Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, nieuwe serie28 Palaeontology Netherlands Carboniferous#?k+Bless, M.J.M. Felder P.J. Meessen, J.P.M.T.1986xLate Cretaceous sea level rise and inversion: their influence on the depositional environment between Aachen and Antwerp333-355,Annales de Société Géologique de Belgique109PalaeogeographyBelgium Cretaceous+?lBless, M.J.M. Streel, M.1976The occurrence of reworked miospores in a Westphalian C microflora from South Limburg (The Netherlands) and its bearing on paleogeography1-393Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, nieuwe serie27Palaeogeography Netherlands Carboniferous?mBless, M.J.M. Streel, M.19861Late Devonian events around the Old Red Continent1-323,Annales de Société Géologique de Belgique109PalaeogeographyWestern EuropeDevonian?nBless, M.J.M. Voogd, N. de1980'Exploration for coal in the Netherlands17-32%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst33Natural resources Netherlands Carboniferous??o!"Bless, M.J.M. Winkler Prins, C.F.1972bPalaeoecology and plaeogeography of the Aegir marine band and its equivalents in north-west Europe231-239QSeptième Congrès International de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère-Krefeld- PalaeontologyWestern Europe Carboniferous7?pBlom, F. Bacon, M.2009qApplication of direct hydrocarbon indicators for exploration in a Permian-Triassic play, offshore the Netherlands37-44 First Break27-Petroleum Geology NetherlandsPermian-TriassicEinternal-pdf://Blom & Bacon (2009)-2479704577/Blom & Bacon (2009).pdf,?qBloxham, T.W. Thomas, R.L.1969Palaeontological and geochemical facies in the Gastrioceras subcrenatum marine-band and associated rocks from North Crop of the South Wales Coalfield239-281.Quaterly Journal of Geological Society, London124 GeochemistryUK CarboniferousA?raBlundell, D.J. Hobbs, R.W. Klemperer, S.L. Scott-Robinson, R. Long, R.E. West, T.E. Duin, E.1991dCrustal structure of the central and southern North Sea from BIRPS deep seismic reflection profiling445-457+Journal of the Geological Society of London148 Geophysics North Sea GeophysicsR?sBodenhausen, J.W.A. Ott, W.F.1981>Habitat of the Rijswijk oil province, onshore, the Netherlands301-309bPetroleum geology of the Continental Shelf of North-West Europe: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference-Illing, L.V. Hobson, G.D.LondonInstitute of PetroleumPetroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric?t Boeke, H.E.1913JPetrografisch onderzoek van de zoutkernen der boring Ratum bij Winterswijk8---8Jaarverslag der Rijksopsporing van Delfstoffen over 1913 Petrology- Netherlands Zechstein?uBoigk, H. Brouwer, G.C.1976 North Sea93-99@International map of natural gasfields in Europe, E.C.E., B.G.R.-Schott, W. Stoppel, D.Hannover-Petroleum Geology North SeaGeneric?vbBoigk, H. Grahle, H.G. Hoffmann, K. Hollstein, W. Kuehne, F. Richter, W. Schneeloth, H. Wagner, R.1960Zur Geologie des Emslandes419Geologisches Jahrbuch37GeologyGermanyGenericP?wXBojkowski, K. Dembowski, Z.1988]Paleogeografia karbonu Lubelskiego Zagłębia Węglowego na tle paleogeografii karbonu Polski18-26)Prace Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego122PalaeogeographyPoland Carboniferousm?x,Bond, David Wignall Paul, B. Racki, Grzegorz2004Extent and duration of marine anoxia during the Frasnian-Famennian (Late Devonian) mass extinction in Poland, Germany, Austria and France173-193Geological Magazine1412Panaerobic-environment Arthropoda- Austria- basins- biogenic-structures biostratigraphy- biota- bioturbation- biozones- Brachiopoda- C-13-C-12 carbon- Central-Europe Cephalopoda- chemical-composition chemical-ratios Conodonta- Devonian- Eh- epicontinental-seas Europe- fabric- facies- Famennian- France- Frasnian- gamma-ray-spectra geochemistry- Germany- Invertebrata- isotope-ratios isotopes- marine-environment mass-extinctions microfossils- mineral-composition Mollusca- organic-compounds paleoecology- paleoenvironment- Paleozoic- Poland- pyrite- sedimentary-rocks sedimentary-structures SEM-data shallow-water-environment spectra- stable-isotopes stratigraphic-units sulfides- Th-U total-organic-carbon Trilobita- Trilobitomorpha- Upper-Devonian Western-Europe X-ray-fluorescence-spectra Stratigraphy Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments GeochemistryEuropeDevonian?yBond, Dave Zaton Michal, L.2003pGamma-ray spectrometry across the Upper Devonian basin succession at Kowala in the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)93-99Acta Geologica Polonica532Central-Europe correlation- Devonian- Europe- Famennian- Frasnian- gamma-ray-methods geophysical-methods geophysical-surveys isotopes- Kowala-Poland mass-extinctions Paleozoic- Poland- radioactivity-methods surveys- Swiety-Krzyz-Mountains Upper-Devonian Stratigraphy Applied-geophysics GeochemistryPolandDevonian?z Bongaerts, H.1996BMineraal-systematiek van het Emma-Hendrik-steenkoolveld (Limburg).97-105Grondboor en Hamer50 Mineralogy Netherlands Carboniferous?{Bongaerts, J.P.M.19658Winning en conditionering van het aardgas van Slochteren269-275Geologie en Mijnbouw44Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric?|(Boorder, H. de Lutgert, J.E. Nijman, W.1985KThe Muschelkalk and its lead-zinc mineralization in the eastern Netherlands311-326Geologie en Mijnbouw64 Mineralogy NetherlandsTriassic?} Bor, A.M.W.1968Drilling Experience43-47`Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie25Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric$?~Borkhataria, R.2004Integrated exploration and production-scale reservoir prediction in 'grainy' and 'muddy' epeiric carbonate ramp deposits: the Muschelkalk (Triassic), The Netherlands163 TübingenUniversity TübingenPetroleum Geology NetherlandsTriassic?>Borkhataria, R. Aigner, T. Pöppelreiter, M.C. Pipping, J.C.P.2005sCharacterisation of epeiric "Layer-cake" carbonate reservoirs: Upper Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic), The Netherlands119-146Journal of Petroleum Geology282Carbonate sedimentology NetherlandsTriassicOinternal-pdf://Borkhataria et al (2005)-2525843456/Borkhataria et al (2005).pdf ?"Börmann, C. Gast, R. Görisch, F.2006Structural and sedimentological analysis of an early Late Rotliegendes graben based on 3D seismic and well log data, German North Sea 195-204Petroleum Geoscience123GeologyGermany Rotliegend8? Bos, C.F.M.2007%Underground storage and sequestration335-340Geology of the Netherlands-'Wong, Th.E. Batjes, D.A.J. De Jager, J. Amsterdam(Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and SciencesPetroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric3internal-pdf://Bos (2007)-4050104576/Bos (2007).pdf??Bos, J.A.A. Dambeck, R. Kalis, A.J. Schweizer, A. Thiemeyer, H.2008Palaeoenvironmental changes and vegetation history of the northern Upper Rhine Graben (southwestern Germany) since the Lateglacial67-90"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences871 PalaeontologyrThe vegetation of the northern Upper Rhine Graben (southwestern Germany) is reconstructed for the end of the Lateglacial and the Holocene by means of palynological analyses in combination with AMS 14C dating. Analogous to adjacent lowland areas, the Younger Dryas climatic deterioration did not result in a complete deforestation of the area and open pine woodlands with locally birch stands and shrubs persisted. A subdivision of the Younger Dryas period, into a humid first phase, followed by a dry second phase was also reflected in our records. For the Holocene, the pollen diagrams show two regionally different vegetation developments, related to substrate and variations in annual precipitation: in the south the ‘classical’ succession of pine then hazel is followed by other deciduous trees, whereas in the northern part, pine kept its dominance far into the Subboreal. Germany Quaternary? Bosch, P.W.1976=De neolithische vuursteenmijnbouw te Rijckholt-St.-Geertruid.8-10 Staringia-History Netherlands Cretaceous? Bosch, P.W.19899Voorkomen en gebruik van natuurlijke bouwsteen in Limburg215-222Grondboor en Hamer43Natural resources NetherlandsGeneric?{Bosmam, H.F. Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J.H.A. Van der Ham Raymond, W.J.M. Van Amerom Henk, W.J. Hartkopf-Froeder, C.20097Conifers from the Santonian of Limburg, The Netherlands483-495Cretaceous Research302 Palaeontology Netherlands Cretaceous ?Bouckaert, Joseph1967!Namurian transgression in Belgium145-150+Annales de la Societe Geologique de Pologne371Ammonoidea- Belgium- Carboniferous- Cephalopoda- changes-of-level Europe- Goniatites- Goniatitida- Goniatitidae- Invertebrata- Mollusca- Namurian- northeast- Paleozoic- sea-level-changes stratigraphy- Tetrabranchiata- transgression- Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe StratigraphyPalaeogeographyKThe Namurian (Carboniferous) marine transgression in Belgium was from the northeast and extended as far as the Condroz overthrust. It has been traced by the distribution and correlation of goniatites. The boundary with Visean is unconformable and pockets of Namurian shale have been found filling cavities in the Visean limestones.Belgium Carboniferous? Boulvain, F.2007KFrasnian carbonate mounds from Belgium: sedimentology and palaeoceanography125-142IPalaeozoic Reefs and Bioaccumulations: Climatic and Evolutionary Controls275GAlvaro, J.J. Aretz, M. Boulvain, F. Munnecke, A. Vachard, D. Vennin, E.LondonGeological SocietyCarbonate sedimentologyBelgiumDevonian9internal-pdf://Boulvain 2007-3827097601/Boulvain 2007.pdf? Bouroz, A.1963BPresence d'un niveau kaolinique dans le namurien marin de Picardie281-286(Annales de la Societe Geologique du Nord83Part 4Carboniferous- clastic-rocks Europe- France- General-description Namurian- Paleozoic- petrology- Picardy- sedimentary-rocks tonstein- Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Igneous-and-metamorphic-petrology MineralogyuA tonstein, 15 mm in thickness, occurs in the marine Paleozoic rocks in the Lesboeufs borehole, south of the Great Midi fault on the Somme river in northern France. The tonstein is whitish gray, soft, and gives a white streak. Its contact with the underlying shale is sharp. The contact with the overlying shale is less distinct, with occasional interlayered thin bands of tonstein and shale and isolated bits of kaolinite suggesting a mixing of the materials being deposited. Only two of the various theories proposed for tonstein origin are considered plausible for this occurrence: as a wash from the altered surface of a quartz diorite, or as a transported sediment from an ash deposit. The latter possibility is preferred as the Lesboeufs tonstein exhibits characteristics suggestive of tuffaceous deposition, and it is doubtful that so thin a bed would result from water sorting.Belgium Carboniferous?Bredewout, J.W.1986 Some shallow seismic reflections15-23 First Break412 GeophysicsGenericCenozoic?Bredewout, J.W.1989HThe character of the Erkelenz intrusive as derived form geophysical data445-454Geologie en Mijnbouw684 GeophysicsGermanyGeneric?Brennand, T.P.1975The Triassic in the North Sea295-3117Petroleum and the Continental shelf of northwest Europe-Woodland, A.W.LondonAppl. Sc. Publ.Geology North SeaGeneric?o)Breunese, J.N. Mijnlieff, H. Lutgert, J.2005fThe life cycle of the Netherlands' natural gas exploration: 40 years after Groningen, where are we now69-75pPetroleum geology; north-west Europe and global perspective; proceedings of the 6th Petroleum geology conference6Dore, A.G. Vining, B.A.LondonThe Geological SocietyPetroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric?Breunese, J.N. F.B. Rispens1996^Natural gas in the Netherlands: exploration and development in historic and future perspective353-364Geologie en Mijnbouw74Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGenericV?Breunese, J.N. Rispens, F.B.1996^Natural gas in the Netherlands: exploration and development in historic and future perspective19-30,Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands-/Rondeel, H.E. Batjes, D.A.J. Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. DordrechtKluwer Academic PublishersPetroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric(? Bridge, J.S.1993iThe interaction between channel geometry, water flow, sediment transport and deposition in braided rivers13-72Braided Rivers75Best, J.L. Bristow, C.S. London&Geological Society Special PublicationClastic sedimentologyGenericGeneric? Bridge, J. S.2003Rivers and floodplains491-Oxford BlackwellsClastic sedimentologyGenericGeneric=?Bridge, J. S. Mackey, S.D.19938A theoretical study of fluvial sandstone body dimensions213-236-Geological modeling of hydrocarbon reservoirs15Flint, S.S. Bryant, I.D. -BInternational Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication Clastic sedimentologyGenericGeneric ?Bridge, J.S. Tye, R.S.2000uInterpreting the dimensions of ancient fluvial channel bars, channels, and channel belts from wireline-logs and cores 1205-12285American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin848 case-studies channels- clastic-rocks Colorado- Comanchean- conglomerate- cores- Cretaceous- fluvial-environment lithofacies- Lower-Cretaceous Mesaverde-Group Mesozoic- models- modern-analogs North-Appleby-Field oil-and-gas-fields petroleum- petroleum-exploration Piceance-Creek-basin planar-bedding-structures reservoir-rocks sand-bodies sandstone- sedimentary-rocks sedimentary-structures Texas- Travis-Peak-Formation United-States Upper-Cretaceous well-logs Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Sedimentary-petrologyClastic sedimentologyA primary objective in exploration for and development of fluvial reservoirs is determining the thickness and width of sandstone-conglomerate bodies (mainly channel-belt deposits). Most of the existing techniques for estimating the dimensions of fluvial reservoirs have major drawbacks. A fresh approach to the problem is made using recent theoretical, experimental, and field studies. This new approach involves (1) new models for the lateral and vertical variation of lithofacies and petrophysical-log response of river-channel deposits with explicit recognition of the different superimposed scales of strata, (2) distinction among single and superimposed channel bars, channels, and channel belts, (3) interpretation of maximum paleochannel depth from the thickness of channel bars and the thickness of sets of cross-strata formed by dunes, and (4) evaluation of various methods for estimation of widths of sandstone-conglomerate bodies that represent either single or connected channel belts (outcrop analogs; correlation of sandstone-conglomerate bodies between wells; use of empirical equations relating channel depth, channel width, and channel-belt width; theoretical models; and three-dimensional seismic data). Two fluvial reservoirs were reinterpreted using this new approach. In the first example from the Mesaverde Group, Colorado, maximum paleochannel depth had been underestimated because the degree of superposition of channel bars had been overestimated. As a result, channel-belt widths determined from empirical equations were underestimated. In the second example from the Travis Peak Formation, Texas, channel-belt width and connectivity of channel-belt sandstone bodies had been overestimated because of overzealous well-to-well correlation and inappropriate use of width and thickness data from supposed analogs. These examples demonstrate the potential value of this new approach in reservoir characterization and management.GenericGeneric?0Bridges, P. H. Gutteridges, P. Pickard, N. A. H.1995;The environmental setting of Early Carboniferous mud-mounds171-1900Carbonate mud-mounds; their origin and evolution238Monty, C.L.V. Bosence, D.W.J. Bridges, P. H. Pratt, B.R.-HSpecial Publication of the International Association of SedimentologistsAalgae- Belgium- biogenic-structures bioherms- Bryozoa- carbonate-rocks Carboniferous- communities- diagenesis- Dinantian- Europe- evolution- Invertebrata- microfossils- mud-mounds nucleation- Paleozoic- Plantae- Porifera- reefs- sedimentary-rocks sedimentary-structures United-Kingdom Western-Europe Sedimentary-petrologyCarbonate sedimentologyGeneric Carboniferous?Brinkhuis, H. Smit, J.1996bThe Geulhemmerberg Cretaceous-Tertiairy boundary section (Maastrichtian type area, SE Netherlands)101-293Geologie en Mijnbouw75 Stratigraphy NetherlandsCretaceous-Tertiairy?Broadhurst, F.M. Simpson, I.M.1973"Bathymetry on a Carboniferous reef367-381Lethaia6Carbonate sedimentologyUK CarboniferousS? Brodkom, F.1997The control of Waulsortian mudmounds (Dinantian) on the geometry of Variscan folds and shear zones in calcareous-shaley series; a comparison between Belgium, Brittany and southern Ireland23-25Aardkundige Mededelingen8Ardennes- Belgium- biogenic-structures bioherms- Brittany- calcareous-composition Carboniferous- correlation- deformation- Dinantian- Europe- faults- folds- France- mud-mounds Paleozoic- sedimentary-structures shear-zones tectonics- Waulsortian-facies Western-Europe Structural-geologyStructural GeologyEurope Carboniferous?Brounen, F.T.S. Ploegaert, P.1996dA tale of the unexpected: Neolithic shaft mines at Valkenburg aan de Geul (Limburg, the Netherlands)198-223 Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia25History NetherlandsGeneric? Brouwer, A.1963$Cainozoic history of the Netherlands117-148`Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie121Geology NetherlandsCenozoic? Brouwer, G.C.1972!The Rotliegend in the Netherlands34-42,Rotliegend, Essays on European Lower Permian15 Falke, H.LeidenBrillGeology Netherlands Rotliegend?Brouwer, G.C. Coenen, M.J.1968Nederland is Aardgasland301- AmersfoortRoelofs van GoorPetroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric? Brouwer, J.1977eDepositional environment of the Oligocene Rupel Clay in well Grashoek 1, Peel region, The Netherlands25-30Geologie en Mijnbouw56Clastic sedimentology NetherlandsTertiary?Bruce, Duncan Stemmerik, Lars2003 Carboniferous83-89MThe Millennium Atlas; petroleum geology of the central and northern North Sea+Evans, D. Colin, G. Armour, A. Bathurst, P.LondonGeological SocietyAtlantic-Ocean basin-analysis basins- biostratigraphy- Buchan-Field Buchan-Formation Carboniferous- chemical-composition Claymore-Field correlation- Denmark- depositional-environment Europe- faults- Firth-Coal-Formation Flora-Sandstone geochemistry- grabens- Great-Britain Highlander-Field lithostratigraphy- microfossils- Millstone-Grit-Formation North-Atlantic North-Sea Norway- offshore- oil-and-gas-fields paleoenvironment- Paleozoic- palynomorphs- petroleum- petroleum-exploration reservoir-rocks Scandinavia- Scremerston-Formation sedimentary-basins sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- source-rocks stratigraphic-units systems- Tayport-Formation United-Kingdom well-logging Western-Europe Yoredale-Formation Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources StratigraphyPetroleum Geology North Sea Carboniferous?!Brueren, J.W.R.1959VThe stratigraphy of the Upper Permian "Zechstein" formation in the Eastern Netherlands243-274>I giacimenti gassiferi dell' Europa Occidentale Atti del Conv.-Milan- Stratigraphy Netherlands Zechstein5? Bruijn, A.N.1996KDe Wijk gas field (Netherlands): reservoir mapping with amplitude anomalies243-254,Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands-/Rondeel, H.E. Batjes, D.A.J. Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. DordrechtKluwer Academic PublishersPetroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric ?Brumsack, H.J.2006rThe trace metal content of recent organic carbon-rich sediments; implications for Cretaceous black shale formation344-3611Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology2322-4Africa- air-sea-interface alkaline-earth-metals anaerobic-environment barium- bioaccumulation- bioavailability- Black-Sea black-shale cadmium- carbon-dioxide chemical-composition clastic-rocks coastal-environment continental-margin continental-margin-sedimentation Cretaceous- discharge- dissolved-materials dissolved-oxygen East-Mediterranean East-Pacific enrichment- fixation- geochemical-cycle geochemistry- global- Gulf-of-California habitat- hydrothermal-vents major-elements manganese- Mediterranean-Sea Mesozoic- metals- modern-analogs molybdenum- Namibia- North-Pacific Northeast-Pacific nutrients- organic-compounds oxygen- Pacific-Ocean paleoecology- Peru- phosphorus- precipitation- productivity- rhenium- sapropel- sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- sedimentation-rates sediments- South-America Southern-Africa sulfides- sulfur- theoretical-models trace-metals transport- upwelling- Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry Organic carbon-rich sediments are enriched in several redox-sensitive and stable sulfide-forming trace metals (TM) and form an important sink in global TM cycles. In today's ocean such sediments are deposited in coastal upwelling areas like those in the Gulf of California, off Peru or off the Namibian coast and euxinic basins like the Black Sea. In an attempt to distinguish both environments by their specific TM patterns, some important conclusions may be drawn: 1) The TM enrichment seen in both environments broadly is rather similar. 2) Upwelling sediments are often enriched in Cd and P and depleted in Co and Mn. 3) Sapropels have a tendency towards higher enrichments in Ba and Mo, S, Re, As, Cu, Ni, Sb, and Fe, reflecting the strong sulfidation in an anoxic water column. 4) Upwelling systems cover a broad range of environmental settings where the steepness of the slope, the proximity of H (sub 2) S to the sediment seawater interface and the intensity of bio-accumulation and regeneration play an important role for TM accumulation. 5) The TM content of anoxic basins is mainly controlled by TM availability in the water column and sedimentation rate. 6) Enhanced bio-productivity is the main switch turning an oxygenated into an anoxic environment. Cretaceous black shales (OAE 2) exhibit TM signatures of both, coastal upwelling areas and sapropels. The strong enrichments in Cd, Mo, Tl, V, Cu, Ni, (Bi), and Sb demonstrate that bio-accumulation and presence of H (sub 2) S in the water column and associated sulfidation processes persisted during this time interval in large parts of the Proto-Atlantic. The usefulness of Ba as a paleoproductivity-proxy is obscured by diagenesis. The extreme accumulation in Ag and Zn requires either an additional TM source, for instance hydrothermal input, or a different TM seawater composition during the Cretaceous. The geochemical data suggest, that the major driving force for the widespread occurrence of C/T black shales seems to be the increase in volcanic activity and associated CO (sub 2) -input throughout the Cretaceous. The ocean-atmosphere system operated in a mode different from today during this time interval. After conversion of the "nutrient" CO (sub 2) into organic matter the system switched back into the "normal" operational mode.GenericGeneric=internal-pdf://Brumsack (2006)-1032936192/Brumsack (2006).pdf? Brunstrom, T.W.G. Walmsley, P.J.1969%Permian evaporites in North Sea Basin870-8835American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin53 Evaporites North Sea Zechstein?Bryant, I.D. Livera, S.E.1991Identification of unswept oil volumes in a mature field by using integrated data analysis: Ness Formation, Brent field, UK North Sea75-88@Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons1 Spencer, A.M.BerlinJSpecial Publication of the European Association of Petroleum GeoscientistsPetroleum Geology North SeaJurassicKinternal-pdf://Bryant & Livera (1991)-3238386690/Bryant & Livera (1991).tif?;Buchholz, P. Obert, C. Trapp, E. Wachendorf, H. Zellmer, H.2006Westharz387-413?Stratigraphie von Deutschland, VI - Unterkarbon (Mississippium)41Amler, M.R.W. Stoppel, D.HannoverSchr. R. Dt. Ges. Geowiss. StratigraphyGermany Carboniferous2?Buła, Z. Jawor, E. Baran, U2004hPozycja geotektoniczna utworów karbonu w południowej części bloku górnośląskiego i małopolskiego9-14{Możliwości generowania węglowodorów w skałach karbonu w południowej części bloku górnośląskiego i małopolskiego- Kotarba, M.KrakówWyd Nauk. AkapitStructural GeologyEurope Carboniferous#?!Bull, S. Cartwright, J. Huuse, M.2009TA review of kinematic indicators from mass-transport complexes using 3D seismic data 1132-1152Marine and Petroleum Geology26 GeophysicsNorwayGenericCinternal-pdf://Bull et al. (2009)-3518080001/Bull et al. (2009).pdf?"Bullimore, S.A. Helland-Hansen, W.2009Trajectory analysis of the lower Brent Group (Jurassic),Northern North Sea: contrasting depositional patterns during the advance of amajor deltaic system559-572Basin Research21Clastic sedimentology North SeaJurassicainternal-pdf://Bullimore & Helland-Hansen (2009)-4042240256/Bullimore & Helland-Hansen (2009).pdf?Bungener, M.J.A.1969Le champ de gas de Groningen347-354KRevue de l'Association Francais des Techniques du Pétrole, Nouvelle Série70Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric? Burger, K.1982Kohlentonsteine als Zeitmarken, ihre Verbreitung und ihre Bedeutung für die Exploration und Exploitation von Kohlenlagerstätten201-2553Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft133 StratigraphyWestern Europe Carboniferous?Burgers, W.F.J. Mulder, G.G.1991FAspects of the Late Jurassic and Cretaceous history of The Netherlands347-354Geologie en Mijnbouw70Geology NetherlandsJurassic-Cretaceous? Burgess, I.C.1982pThe stratigraphical distribution of Westphalian volcanic rocks in the area east and south of Nottingham, England29-44/Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society44 StratigraphyUK Carboniferous]?Burgess, P.M. Gayer, R.A.2000Late Carboniferous tectonic subsidence in South Wales; implications for Variscan basin evolution and tectonic history in SW Britain93-104+Journal of the Geological Society of London157Part 1Carboniferous- Coal-Measures correlation- crust- deformation- direct-problem Europe- flexure- Great-Britain Hercynian-Orogeny lithofacies- loading- models- Namurian- orogeny- Paleozoic- prediction- reconstruction- South-Wales stratigraphy- subsidence- synsedimentary-processes tectonics- thickness- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Wales- Western-Europe Structural-geology StratigraphyStructural GeologyDetailed stratigraphic data have been used to backstrip seven sections from the Carboniferous South Wales coal basin. Resulting tectonic subsidence curves for the interval 319-305 Ma (Namurian-Westphalian D) are convex-up, indicating increasing subsidence rate with time, with rates between 130 and 250 m Ma (super -1) , suggesting a foreland basin setting. Forward modelling of subsidence due to flexural loading in front of a propagating orogenic wedge shows that an orogenic load migrating in a north-northeasterly direction across SW England between 319 and 305 Ma could have generated the backstripped subsidence patterns. Sensitivity tests show that while many of the forward model parameters are poorly constrained, and the model results non-unique, backstripped subsidence patterns allow reasonable constraint on the different model cases, so that model predictions can be treated as one possibility in a limited range. The predicted load evolution is consistent with current knowledge of tectonic and stratigraphic features of SW England. These results suggest that subsidence in other Late Carboniferous UK basins may also have been influenced by flexure due to a propagating orogenic load.UK Carboniferous?Burgess, P.M. Gurnis, M.1995@Mechanisms for the formation of cratonic stratigraphic sequences647-663#Earth and Planetary Science Letters1363-4fadvection- carbonate-rocks clastic-rocks continental-crust cratons- crust- cyclic-processes denudation- drainage-basins erosion-rates eustacy- fluvial-features geodynamics- geomorphology- isostasy- landform-evolution lithostratigraphy- lower-crust mantle- mechanism- North-America paleogeography- Phanerozoic- regression- sea-level-changes sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- stress- structural-controls subsidence- tectonics- theoretical-models thickness- three-dimensional-models tilt- topography- transgression- unconformities- upper-mantle vertical-movements Stratigraphy Structural-geology Solid-earth-geophysicsStructural GeologycNorth American Phanerozoic cratonic strata comprise six transgressive/regressive sequences separated by interregional unconformities. The mechanism of formation of the sequences and their bounding unconformities remain uncertain. Although eustasy probably contributed, it cannot have acted alone in their formation, as testified by syn-depositional faulting and post-depositional tilting of strata. We have developed a three-dimensional stratigraphic model which incorporates vertical motions from dynamic topography, background cratonic subsidence, eustasy, denudation, mixed carbonate and clastic deposition, Airy isostasy in response to loading and unloading, and mechanical compaction. The model has been used to test possible contributions of eustasy, epeirogeny and background subsidence to patterns of cratonic strata. The results demonstrate the potential of dynamic topography to account for observed long-wavelength tilting. They also demonstrate the importance of background subsidence on the craton in providing accommodation space to accumulate and preserve the observed thicknesses of stratigraphic sequences.GenericGenericMinternal-pdf://Burgess & Gurnis (1995)-2213502465/Burgess & Gurnis (1995).pdfC?Buurman, P. Janssen, A.W.1983rThe stratigraphic position of the enigmatic Tertiary deposits called Holset sands, and of related snads in Belgium431-436Geologie en Mijnbouw62 StratigraphyBelgiumCenozoicSinternal-pdf://Buurman and Janssen (1983)-1411503872/Buurman and Janssen (1983).pdfR?2Buurman, P. Jongmans, A.G. Kasse, C. van Lagen, B.1999Discussion: Oil seepage or fossil podzol? An Early Oligocene oil seepage at the southern rim of the North Sea Basin, near Leuven (Belgium) by E.D. van Riessen and N. Vandenberghe (1996)301-312Geologie en Mijnbouw74Petroleum GeologyBelgiumTertiary? Buyze, D.1985!Oplosmijnbouw van magnesiumzouten54-59 De Ingenieur976Engineering GeologyGenericGenerich?"Cacace, M. Bayer, U. Marotta, A.M.2009Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Central European Basin System (CEBS): Constraints from numerical modelling105-128Tectonophysics470Structural GeologyNorthwest EuropeCretaceous-TertiaryGinternal-pdf://Cacace et al. (2009)-3215092736/Cacace et al. (2009).pdf? Cadee, M.C.1991IHet Oligoceen en de Oligocene mollusken fauna's van Nederland en omgeving3-23 Afzettingen12 Palaeontology NetherlandsTertiary? Calver, M. A.1969Westphalian of Britain233-254QCompte Rendu Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifere1Carboniferous- England- Europe- Great-Britain Paleozoic- Pennsylvanian- regional- stratigraphy- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Westphalian- Stratigraphy StratigraphyCarboniferous, cyclothems, regressive series, nonmarine pelecypod assemblage zones, faunal facies of marine bands, geographic distribution, correlation with floral zonation.UK Carboniferous ?Camelbeeck, T. Meghraoui, M.1998|Geological and geophysical evidence for large palaeo-earthquakes with surface faulting in the Roer Graben (northwest Europe)347-362!Internation Journal of Geophysics132 Seismicity NetherlandsGeneric?jCamelbeeck, T. Van Eck, T. Pelzing, R. Ahorner, L. Loohuis, J. Haak, H.W. Hoang-Trong, P. Hollnack, D.1994BThe 1992 Roermond earthquake, the Netherlands, and its aftershocks181-197Geologie en Mijnbouw73 Seismicity NetherlandsGeneric?!1Cameron, D., van Doorn, D. Laban, C. Streif, H.J.1993'Geology of the southern North Sea basin14-26@Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management- New Orleans-Geology North SeaTertiaryh?Cameron, N. Ziegler, T. 1997^Probing the lower limits of a fairway: further pre-Permian potential in the southern North Sea123-141>Petroleum Geology of the Southern North Sea: Future Potential 123#Ziegler, K. Turner, P. Daines, S.R.London&Geological Society Special PublicationPetroleum Geology North Sea Palaeozoic?Cameron, T.D.J.19934Carboniferous and Devonian of the Southern North Sea1-93;Lithostratigraphic nomenclature of the UK North Sea, part 5-Knox, R. W. O. B. Cordey, W.G. NottinghamBritish Geological Survey StratigraphyUK Palaeozoic9?$Cameron, T.D.J. J. Bulat C.S. Mesdag1993_High resolution seismic profile through a Late Cenozoic delta complex in the southern North Sea591-600Marine and Petroleum Geology10 Geophysics North SeaTertiaryIinternal-pdf://Cameron et al. (1993)-3985077505/Cameron et al. (1993).pdf?^Cameron, T.D.J. Crosby, A. Balson, P.S. Jeffery, D.H. Lott, G.K. Bulat, J. Harrison, D.J.1992NUnited Kingdom offshore regional report: the geology of the southern North Sea152LondonBritish Geological Survey StratigraphyUKGeneric ?Canfield, Donald E.1994CFactors influencing organic carbon preservation in marine sediments315-329Chemical Geology1143-4cadsorption- aerobic-environment anaerobic-environment biogenic-structures bioturbation- carbon- degradation- kinetics- marine-sediments mixing- organic-carbon organic-compounds organic-materials oxidation- oxygen- polymerization- sedimentary-structures sedimentation- sedimentation-rates sediments- Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments OceanographyOrganic geochemistryThe organic matter that escapes decomposition is buried and preserved in marine sediments, with much debate as to whether the amount depends on bottom-water O (sub 2) concentration. One group argues that decomposition is more efficient with O (sub 2) , and hence, organic carbon will be preferentially oxidized in its presence, and preserved in its absence. Another group argues that the kinetics of organic matter decomposition are similar in the presence and absence of O (sub 2) , and there should be no influence of O (sub 2) on preservation. A compilation of carbon preservation shows that both groups are right, depending on the circumstances of deposition. At high rates of deposition, such as near continental margins, little difference in preservation is found with varying bottom-water O (sub 2) . It is important that most carbon in these sediments decomposes by anaerobic pathways regardless of bottom-water O (sub 2) . Hence, little influence of bottom-water O (sub 2) on preservation would, in fact, be expected. As sedimentation rate drops, sediments deposited under oxygenated bottom water become progressively more aerobic, while euxinic sediments remain anaerobic. Under these circumstances, the relative efficiencies of aerobic and anaerobic decomposition could affect preservation. Indeed, enhanced preservation is observed in low-O (sub 2) and euxinic environments. To explore in detail the factors contributing to this enhanced carbon preservation, aspects of the biochemistries of the aerobic and anaerobic process are reviewed. Other potential influences on preservation are also explored. Finally, a new model for organic carbon decomposition, the "pseudo-G" model, is developed. This model couples the degradation of refractory organic matter to the overall metabolic activity of the sediment, and has consequences for carbon preservation due to the mixing together of labile and refractory organic matter by bioturbation.GenericGeneric=internal-pdf://Canfield (1994)-0320855041/Canfield (1994).pdfR?Carr, A.D. Petersen, H.I.2004Modelling of the hydrocarbon generation history and volumetric considerations of the coal-sourced Lulita Field, Danish North Sea107-119Petroleum Geoscience102Petroleum GeologyDenmarkJurassicKinternal-pdf://Carr & Petersen (2004)-3120916993/Carr & Petersen (2004).pdf9?/Casson, N. Wees, B. van Rebel, H. Reijers, T.1993Successful integration of 3-D seismic and multidisciplinary approaches in exploring the Zechstein-2 Carbonates in northeast Netherlands16125American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin77 Geophysics Netherlands Zechstein ?Caston, V.N.D.19797A new isopachyte map of the Quaternary of the North Sea23-28'The Quaternary history of the North Sea-,Oele, E. Schüttenhelm, R.T.E. Wiggers, A.J.-Acta Universitatis UpsaliensisGeology North Sea Quaternary? Cebulak, S.1988 Zarys geologii podłoża karbonu31-34(Karbon Lubelskiego Zagłębia Węglowego122Dembowski, Z. Porzycki, J. -Prace Instytutu GeologicznegoClastic sedimentologyPoland Carboniferous?Chadwick, R.A. Evans, D.J.2005DA seismic atlas of southern Britain - images of subsurface structure1937Keyworth0British Geological Survey Occasional Publication GeophysicsUKGeneric?8Chadwick, R.A. Holliday, D.W. Holloway, S. Hulbert, A.G.1993JThe evolution and hydrocarbon potential of the Northumberland-Solway Basin717-726HPetroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R.LondonThe Geological SocietyPetroleum GeologyUK CarboniferousKinternal-pdf://Chadwick, et al., 1993-0605793025/Chadwick, et al., 1993.pdf4? Clark, D.N.1980/The diagenesis of Zechstein carbonate sediments167-2038The Zechstein Basin with Emphasis on Carbonate SequencesFüchtbauer, H. Peryt, T.M. StuttgartLContributions to Sedimentology No. 9. Schweitserbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung DiagenesisEurope Zechsteinf? Clark, D.N.1980\The sedimentology of the Zechstein 2 Carbonate Formation of Eastern Drenthe, The Netherlands131-1658The Zechstein Basin with Emphasis on Carbonate SequencesFüchtbauer, H. Peryt, T.M. StuttgartLContributions to Sedimentology No. 9. Schweitserbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung Evaporites Netherlands Zechstein? Clark, D.N.19864The distribution of porosity in Zechstein carbonates167-203'Habitat of Paleozoic gas in N.W. Europe23#Brooks, J. Goff, J.C. Van Hoorn, B.London&Geological Society Special PublicationPetroleum GeologyEurope Zechstein:?-Clark-Lowes, D.D. Kuzemko, N.C.J. Scott, D.A.1987aStructure and petroleum prospectivity of the Dutch Central Graben and neighbouring platform areas337-356&Petroleum geology of North West EuropeBrooks, J. Glennie, K.LondonGraham & TrotmanPetroleum Geology North SeaGenericE?1Cleal, C.J. Oplustil, S. Thomas, B.A. Tenchov, Y.2009OLate Moscovian terrestrial biotas and palaeoenvironments of Variscan Euramerica181-278"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences884GeologyNorthwest Europe CarboniferousEinternal-pdf://Cleal et al. (2009)-1634353921/Cleal et al. (2009).pdfY?]Cloetingh, S.A. P. L. Ziegler, P. A. Beekman, F. Andriessen, P. A. M. Hardebol, N. Dèzes, P.2005Intraplate deformation and 3D rheological structure of the Rhine rift system and adjacent areas of the northern Alpine Foreland758-778'International Journal of Earth Sciences944Alps- Central-Europe continental-lithosphere cross-sections crust- deformation- Europe- forelands- intraplate-processes lithosphere- Prealps- rheology- tectonics- tectonophysics- three-dimensional-models Upper-Rhine-Graben Solid-earth-geophysicsStructural GeologyWestern EuropeGeneric?Cocks, L. R. M. Fortey, R. A.1982DFaunal evidence for oceanic separations in the Palaeozoic of Britain465-478+Journal of the Geological Society of London1394Arthropoda- biogeography- Brachiopoda- continental-drift Europe- faunal-list Iapetus- Invertebrata- paleogeography- Paleozoic- stratigraphy- sutures- Trilobita- Trilobitomorpha- United-Kingdom Western-Europe Stratigraphy PalaeontologyUK Palaeozoic?0Cocks, L. R. M. McKerrow, W. S. van Staal, C. R.1997The margins of Avalonia627-636Geological Magazine1345Alpine-Orogeny Arthropoda- Atlantic-Ocean Avalonia- boundary-conditions Canada- Caradocian- continental-margin Eastern-Canada Gondwana- Iapetus- Invertebrata- Maritime-Provinces Meguma-Terrane Newfoundland- North-Atlantic Northeast-Atlantic Nova-Scotia Ordovician- orogeny- paleogeography- Paleozoic- reconstruction- Rheic-Ocean rifting- structural-geology suture-zones tectonics- terranes- Trilobita- Trilobitomorpha- Upper-Ordovician Solid-earth-geophysics StratigraphyPalaeogeographyWestern Europe PalaeozoicCinternal-pdf://Cocks et al (1997)-3320827905/Cocks et al (1997).pdf?Cocks, L.R.M. Torsvik, TH.2002NEarth geography from 400 to 250 Ma: a palaeomagnetic, faunal and facies review555-572+Journal of the Geological Society of London161PalaeogeographyGlobal Palaeozoic?$Cocks, L. Robin M. Torsvik, Trond H.2005dBaltica from the late Precambrian to mid-Palaeozoic times: The gain and loss of a terrane's identity39-66Earth-Science Reviews721-2JBaltica Cambrian Ordovician Silurian paleogeography Avalonia Iapetus OceanPalaeogeographyThe old terrane of Baltica occupies the mass of northern Europe eastwards to the Urals and lies mostly to the north of the Trans-European Suture Zone. The core, the East European Craton, is thick and formed of rocks dating back to well over 3 billion yr, and Protobaltica can be identified as forming part of the supercontinent of Rodinia at about 1 billion yr ago. Following Rodinia's break up at about 800 Ma, Protobaltica remained attached to Laurentia until it became the newly independent Baltica at between 570 and 550 Ma, with the inauguration of plate spreading to form the northern part of the Iapetus Ocean. To the south, during the Early Cambrian, Baltica was separated from Gondwana by the relatively narrow Ran Ocean. Baltica remained a separate terrane until its docking, firstly with Avalonia at the very end of the Ordovician (443 Ma), and then with Laurentia during the Silurian in the Scandian part of the Caledonide Orogeny. The terrane was much enlarged in the Vendian to include the areas such as Timan-Pechora now lying to the north as they became accreted to Baltica during the late Precambrian Timanide Orogeny. During the Cambrian and Ordovician, Baltica firstly rotated through more than 120[degree sign] and then drifted northwards from high to low palaeolatitudes. New maps present Baltica's outline and progressive positioning, its late Precambrian and Lower Palaeozoic history, and the Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian land, basins and biofacies belts within and around it. Some of the Lower Palaeozoic faunas are reviewed briefly: the oceans surrounding Baltica were so wide during the Early Ordovician that a substantial part of the benthic fauna of trilobites, brachiopods and other phyla were endemic. As those oceans narrowed, so the faunas of Baltica became progressively more similar to those of adjacent terranes. Some plankton distributions augment the palaeomagnetic data in latitudinal positioning.Europe Palaeozoic?+Coelewij, P.A.J. Haug, G.M.W. Kuyk, H. van1978;Magnesium-salt exploration in the north-eastern Netherlands487-502Geologie en Mijnbouw57Natural resources Netherlands Zechstein&?Cohen, K.M Hijma, M.P.2008^Het Rijnmondgebied in het Vroeg-Holoceen: inzichten uit een diepe put bij Blijdorp (Rotterdam)64-71Grondboor en Hamer3-4Palaeogeography Netherlands QuaternaryGinternal-pdf://Cohen & Hijma (2008)-3663026690/Cohen & Hijma (2008).pdf?/Cole, J.M. Whitaker, M. Kirk, M. Crittenden, S.2005dA sequence-stratigraphical scheme for the Late Carboniferous, southern North Sea, Anglo-Dutch sector75-104XCarboniferous hydrocarbon geology - The southern North Sea and surrounding onshore areas70Collinson, J.D. Evans, D. Holliday, D. Jones, N.-3Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional PublicationPetroleum Geology North Sea Carboniferous?Coleman, J.M. Prior, D.B.1982Deltaic environments139-178#Sandstone Depositional Environments-Scholle, P.A. Spearing, D. Tulsa-American Association of Petroleum Geologists Clastic sedimentologyGenericGeneric?Collaris, R.N.M.19896Kwartszanden en zilverzanden van Sigrano Nederland B.V261-263Grondboor en Hamer43Petroleum Geology NetherlandsTertiary?Collette, B.J. Lagaay, R.A.1966XA continuous reflection profile along the Netherlands coast from Walcheren to Den Helder265-268Geologie en Mijnbouw45 Geophysics Netherlands Quaternary>?Collinson, J.D.1988UControls on Namurian sedimentation in the Central Province basins of northern England85-101YSedimentation in a synorogenic basin complex; the Upper Carboniferous of Northwest Europe-Besly, B. M. Kelling, G.GlasgowBlackieactive-faults basins- bathymetry- Carboniferous- Central-Province clastic-rocks climatic-controls controls- currents- Dinantian- discharge- energy- England- Europe- extension-tectonics faults- Great-Britain interpretation- mudstone- Namurian- northern-England Paleozoic- salinity- sandstone- sedimentary-basins sedimentary-petrology sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- structural-controls subsidence- tectonics- turbidite- turbidity-currents United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Sedimentary-petrologyPalaeogeographyUK Carboniferousp?Collinson, J.D.2005EDinantian and Namurian depositional systems in the southern North Sea35-56XCarboniferous hydrocarbon geology - The southern North Sea and surrounding onshore areas70Collinson, J.D. Evans, D. Holliday, D. Jones, N.-3Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional PublicationPalaeogeography North Sea Carboniferous6?MCollinson, J. D. Holdsworth, B. K. Jones, C. M. Martinsen Ole, J. Read, W. A.1992The Millstone Grit (Namurian) of the southern Pennines viewed in the light of eustatically controlled sequence stratigraphy by W. A. Read; discussion and reply173-180Geological Journal272Carboniferous- England- Europe- eustacy- Great-Britain Millstone-Grit Namurian- northern-England Paleozoic- Pennines- Rough-Rock sequence-stratigraphy stratigraphy- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Stratigraphy StratigraphyUK Carboniferous?oZCollinson, J. D. Jones, C. M. Blackbourn, G. A. Besly, B. M. Archard, G. M. McMahon, A. H.1993<Carboniferous depositional systems of the southern North Sea677-687HPetroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th conference4 Parker, J.R.LondonGeological SocietysAtlantic-Ocean block-structures Carboniferous- depositional-environment faults- lithostratigraphy- Mid-North-Sea-High Namurian- North-Atlantic North-Sea onshore- Paleozoic- petroleum- petroleum-exploration provenance- reservoir-properties sedimentation- southern-North-Sea systems- Upper-Carboniferous Westphalian- Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources StratigraphyPalaeogeography North Sea CarboniferousIinternal-pdf://Collinson et al.,1993-3725462798/Collinson et al.,1993.pdfx?QColpaert, A. Pickard, N. Mienert, J. Henriksen, L.B. Rafaelsen, B. Andreassen, K.2007|3D seismic analysis of an Upper Palaeozoic carbonate succession of the Eastern Finnmark Platform area, Norwegian Barents Sea79-98Sedimentary Geology197 GeophysicsNorway PalaeozoicIinternal-pdf://Colpaert et al (2007)-3722624006/Colpaert et al (2007).pdfo?Conway, A.M. Valvatne, C.2003-The Boulton Field, Block 44-21a, UK North Sea671-680BUnited Kingdom Oil and Gas Fields, Commemorative Millennium Volume20Gluyas, J. Hichens, H.M.LondonGeological Society MemoirPetroleum GeologyUK CarboniferousOinternal-pdf://Conway & Valvatne (2003)-1279857152/Conway & Valvatne (2003).pdf0? Cope, J.C.W.2009Correlation problems in the Kimmeridge Clay Formation (Upper Jurassic, UK); lithostratigraphy versus biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy266-275Geological Magazine1462 StratigraphyUKJurassic5internal-pdf://Cope (2009)-0162281216/Cope (2009).pdf?7Cope, J.C.W. Guion, P.D. Sevastopulo, G.D. Swan, A.R.H.1992 Carboniferous67-86(Atlas of Palaeogeography and Lithofacies Memoir No. 13&Cope, J.C.W. Ingham, J.K. Rawson, P.F.LondonThe Geological SocietyGeologyUKGeneric ? &Cope, J.C.W. Ingham, J.K. Rawson, P.F.1992(Atlas of Palaeogeography and Lithofacies153LondonThe Geological SocietyPalaeogeographyUKGenericYinternal-pdf://Cope et al (1992) - Text-2678607872/Cope et al (1992) - Text.pdf internal-pdf://Cope et al (1992) - Maps-2913516288/Cope et al (1992) - Maps.pdf internal-pdf://Cope et al (1992) - Legend-2125005824/Cope et al (1992) - Legend.pdf internal-pdf://Cope et al (1992) - Eerste pagina's-1739135488/Cope et al (1992) - Eerste pagina's.pdf?DCorfield, S. M. Gawthorpe, R. L. Gage, M. Fraser, A. J. Besly, B. M.1996AInversion tectonics of the Variscan foreland of the British Isles17-32+Journal of the Geological Society of London153Carboniferous- Europe- faults- folds- forelands- Great-Britain Hercynian-Orogeny inversion-tectonics Ireland- lineaments- orogeny- Paleozoic- tectonics- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Westphalian- Structural-geologyStructural GeologyUK Carboniferous?o Corona, F.V.2005YFault trap analysis of the Permian Rotliegend gas play, Lauwerszee Trough, NE Netherlands327-335pPetroleum geology; north-west Europe and global perspective; proceedings of the 6th Petroleum geology conference6Dore, A.G. Vining, B.A.LondonThe Geological SocietyStructural Geology Netherlands Rotliegend#?Correljé, A.F. Odell, P.R.20019Four decades of Groningen production and pricing policies137-144"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences801Petroleum Geology Netherlands RotliegendMinternal-pdf://Correlje & Odell (2001)-3013084160/Correlje & Odell (2001).pdf ?)Cottençon, A. Parant, B. Flacelière, B.1975%Lower Cretaceous gasfields in Holland403-4127Petroleum and the Continental shelf of northwest Europe-Woodland, A.W.LondonAppl. Sc. Publ.Petroleum Geology Netherlands Cretaceous?Coulter, G.R. Purvio, S.B.19832Successful stimulation practices. Offshore Holland 1211-1218Journal of Petroleum Technology34Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric)?Couper, R.A. Hughes, N.F.1963NJurassic and Lower Cretaceous palynology of the Netherlands and adjacent areas105-108`Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie221 Palaeontology NetherlandsJurassic-Cretaceous? Cowan, G.1989FDiagenesis of Upper Carboniferous sandstones; southern North Sea Basin57-73'Geological Society Special Publications41acidic-composition Atlantic-Ocean authigenic-minerals Carboniferous- channels- clastic-rocks clay-minerals diagenesis- early-diagenesis environment- European-Atlantic feldspar-group fluid-phase framework-silicates materials- maturity- meteoric-water mica-group minerals- models- North-Atlantic North-Sea Paleozoic- permeability- porosity- quartz- reservoir-rocks sandstone- sedimentary-petrology sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- sheet-silicates silica-minerals silicates- Upper-Carboniferous Sedimentary-petrology Diagenesis North Sea Carboniferous ? Coward, M. P.1990?The Precambrian, Caledonian and Variscan framework to NW Europe1-34MProceedings of Tectonic events responsible for Britain's oil and gas reserves55Hardman, R.F.P. Brooks, J.London'Geological Society Special PublicationsCaledonian-Orogeny Europe- Great-Britain Hercynian-Orogeny Paleozoic- petroleum- possibilities- Precambrian- Scotland- structural-geology tectonics- United-Kingdom Western-Europe Structural-geologyStructural GeologyWestern Europe Palaeozoic?o Coward, M. P.1993The effect of late Caledonian and Variscan continental escape tectonics on basement structure, Paleozoic basin kinematics and subsequent Mesozoic basin development in NW Europe 1095-1108HPetroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th conference4 Parker, J.R.LondonThe Geological Society?accretion- basement- basins- block-structures Caledonian-Orogeny displacements- Europe- extension-tectonics faults- Hercynian-Orogeny island-arcs kinematics- Mesozoic- North-Atlantic-Craton orogeny- Paleozoic- pull-apart-basins shear- shear-zones strike-slip-faults systems- tectonics- Western-Europe Structural-geologyStructural GeologyWestern Europe Palaeozoic9internal-pdf://Coward (1993)-2884027146/Coward (1993).pdf!? Coward, M.P.1995JStructural and tectonic setting of the Permo-Triassic basins of N-W Europe7-393Permian and Triassic rifting in NorthWestern Europe91 Boldy, E.London&Geological Society Special PublicationStructural GeologyEuropePermian-Triassic?Cox, R.1963%Production of salt in the Netherlands97-115`Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie121Natural resources Netherlands ZechsteinE?#Crepieux, N. Sacleux, M. Mathis, B.1998nInfluence of the pressure on the petroleum system. Example from the Triassic in the Netherlands Central Graben123-132&Overpressures in Petroleum Exploration22Mitchell, A. Grauls, D.-Elf EP-Editions MemoirPetroleum Geology North SeaTriassic?Crittenden, S.1982WLower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy NE of the Sole Pit area in the UK southern North Sea191-202Journal of Petroleum Geology5 Stratigraphy North Sea Cretaceous?Crittenden, S.1987:The "Albian transgression" in the southern North Sea basin395-414Journal of Petroleum Geology104Palaeogeography North Sea Cretaceous?Crittenden, S.1987oAptian lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy (Foraminifera) of Block 49 in the southern North Sea (U.K. sector)11-20Journal of Micropaleontology6 Stratigraphy North Sea Cretaceous~?6Cross, M.M. Manning, D.A.C. Botrell, S.H. Worden, R.H.2004Thermochemical sulphate reduction (TSR): experimental determination of reaction kinetics and implications of the observed reaction rates for petroleum reservoirs393-404Organic Geochemistry34 GeochemistryGenericGenericCinternal-pdf://Cross et al (2004)-3561678849/Cross et al (2004).pdf?GCrouch, S.V. Baumgartner, W.E.L. Houlleberghs, E.J.M.J. Walzebuck, J.P.1996hDevelopment of a tight gas reservoir by a multiple fracced horizontal well: Ameland-204, the Netherlands93-102,Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands-/Rondeel, H.E. Batjes, D.A.J. Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. DordrechtKluwer Academic PublishersPetroleum Geology Netherlands Rotliegend? Curtis, C. D.1967@Diagenetic iron minerals in some British Carboniferous sediments 2109-2123Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta3111analysis- Argillaceous- Carboniferous- diagenesis- England- Europe- genesis- Great-Britain iron-minerals Iron-minerals-in-sedimentary-rocks mineral-composition mineral-data mineralization- paleoecology- Paleozoic- sedimentary-petrology sedimentary-rocks United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Westphalian- Westphalian-sedimentary-rocks Yorkshire-England Sedimentary-petrology GeochemistryThe development of pyrite and siderite in marine and nonmarine Westphalian argillaceous sediments traversed by a borehole in Yorkshire has been studied in detail. Pyrite predominates in marine strata whereas siderite-rich samples are associated with a nonmarine fauna. Both phases formed after deposition, at some distance below the sediment/water interface, and both grew partly at the expense of iron in the detrital silicate fraction and partly from ferric hydroxides, the latter having been either transported and deposited with the clay minerals or precipitated from the depositional waters. The extent of such diagenetic mineral growth was governed mainly by the activities of anionic species bacterially generated within the diagenetic environment. The aqueous phase was strongly reducing and the redox potential of the siderite growth environment was no higher than that of the pyrite environment.UK Carboniferous?Dahlgren, Sven Corfu, Fernando2001wNorthward sediment transport from the Late Carboniferous Variscan mountains; zircon evidence from the Oslo Rift, Norway29-36+Journal of the Geological Society of London158absolute-age Asker-Group Carboniferous- clastic-rocks compression-tectonics dates- Europe- Hercynian-Orogeny monazite- nesosilicates- Norway- orogeny- orthosilicates- Oslo-Graben paleogeography- Paleozoic- phosphates- provenance- sandstone- Scandinavia- sediment-transport sedimentary-rocks silicates- Silurian- tectonics- U-Pb Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe zircon- Stratigraphy Geochronology MineralogyProto-rift, late Carboniferous fluvial and deltaic sandstones from the Asker Group are locally preserved in the upper Palaeozoic Oslo Rift. High-precision U-Pb ages of single detrital zircon grains from a Moscovian (late Westphalian to early Stephanian) sandstone and overlying tuffaceous sediments, that predated initial basaltic volcanism, have been used to study the provenance of the detritus and to evaluate the tectonic significance of the deposits. We find late Neoproterozoic (of Avalonian affinity), Cambro-Ordovician and early Carboniferous detrital zircons requiring that one of the source regions was located along, or south of, the axis between southern England and northeastern Germany and implying sediment transport from the south, probably as a consequence of uplift during the Asturic compressional phase of the Variscan Orogeny. Other age groups reflect typical Baltic sources, possibly from the Ringkobing-Fyn High. Detrital zircons (and monazite) from underlying Silurian sandstone (Wenlock-Ludlow) yield Svecofennian to Sveconorwegian as well as late Ordovician ages but lack late Neopoterozoic (Avalonian) ages. It is thus unlikely that the bulk of the Carboniferous detritus could have been derived by recycling of preexisting Silurian sandstones. These data imply that the rivers feeding the Asker Group originated in the Variscan mountains and entered the Oslo proto-rift from the south, possibly via the Horn Graben or along the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone.Norway CarboniferousGinternal-pdf://Provenance-Oslo-rift-2867372800/Provenance-Oslo-rift.pdf;?j David, F.1987eSandkörper in fluviatilen Sandsteinen des Unteren Westfal D (Oberkarbon) am Piesberg bei Osnabrϋck.51-58Facies17Clastic sedimentologyGermany Carboniferous? David, F.1990QSedimentologie und Beckenanalyse im Westfal C und D des nordwestdeutschen Beckens- DGMK-Bericht384-3Clastic sedimentologyGermany Carboniferous ?o/Davies, S. Hampson, G. Flint, S. S. Elliott, T.1999yContinental-scale sequence stratigraphy of the Namurian, Upper Carboniferous and its applications to reservoir prediction757-770HPetroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 5th conference5Fleet, A.J. Boldy, S.A.R.LondonThe Geological Society9basin-analysis basins- Canada- Carboniferous- chronostratigraphy- correlation- Europe- Namurian- North-America Paleozoic- petroleum- petroleum-exploration reservoir-rocks sedimentary-basins sequence-stratigraphy terrestrial-environment United-States Upper-Carboniferous Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sourcesPetroleum GeologyThe search for Upper Carboniferous reservoirs can be aided by the development of a chronostratigraphic framework combining detailed sedimentological information with a template using the diagnostic ammonoid-bearing marine bands from onshore analogues derived from European, American and Canadian basins. Analysing Namurian successions constrains key sand-prone intervals, which include the upper Kinderscoutian, lower Marsdenian and top Yeadonian, from a number of depositional settings. A controversial issue for the Upper Carboniferous is the relative importance of high frequency and high magnitude glacio-eustatic sea-level fluctuations as a driving mechanism in the development of basin fill over the controls exerted through the prevailing tectonic regime, climate and sediment supply. The recognition and characterization of time-equivalent sea-level rises and, with greater significance for hydrocarbon exploration, sea-level falls, from a number of European basins attests to their influence. Candidate reservoirs can be constrained at various temporal resolutions and may also be restricted geographically. Significant candidate reservoirs include multistorey fluvial incised valley fills and deepwater sand-rich successions. The most productive onshore reservoirs are coarse-grained/conglomeratic fluvial intervals located in the base of incised valleys where a significant proportion of the subsequent valley fill is fine-grained estuarine sediments. There is potential for large hydrocarbon reservoirs within sand-rich deep water successions but their occurrence in tectonically complex or deeply buried areas has thus far precluded their exploitation. A chronostratigraphic framework established for the UK and Ireland can be applied to European basins and, in a more limited sense, to North America, where marine horizons can be matched. The application of this framework to the subsurface lies in the recognition of key candidate reservoirs and their likely occurrence, both geographically and temporally.Europe CarboniferousF?Davies, S. J. McLean, D.1996ySpectral gamma-ray and palynological characterization of Kinderscoutian marine bands in the Namurian of the Pennine Basin103-114/Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society51Part 2,Ammonoidea- basins- biostratigraphy- Carboniferous- Cephalopoda- clastic-rocks cyclic-processes deltaic-environment England- Europe- gamma-ray-spectra Great-Britain Invertebrata- Kinderscoutian- Lancashire-England lithostratigraphy- marine-environment microfossils- miospores- Mollusca- Namurian- northern-England Paleozoic- palynomorphs- Pennines- regression- sea-level-changes sedimentary-basins sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- spectra- Tetrabranchiata- transgression- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Stratigraphy Sedimentary-petrology StratigraphyUK CarboniferousF?HDavis, C. Haughton, P. McCaffrey, W. Scott, E. Hogg, N. Kitching, D.2009Character and distribution of hybrid sediment gravity flow deposits from the outer Forties Fan, Palaeocene Central North Sea, UKCS 1919-1939Marine and Petroleum Geology2610Clastic sedimentology North SeaCenozoicw?SDay, G.A. Cooper, B.A. Andersen, C. Burgers, W.F.J. Rønnevik, H.C. Schöneich, H.19810Regional seismic structure maps of the North Sea76-84bPetroleum geology of the Continental Shelf of North-West Europe: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference-Illing, L.V. Hobson, G.D.LondonInstitute of PetroleumStructural Geology North SeaGeneric? De Booy, T.1968OMineral assemblages in Permo-Carboniferous sediments in the eastern Netherlands21-24`Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie25 Mineralogy NetherlandsCarboniferous-Permian?De Coninck, J.1977]Organic walled microfossils from the Eocene of the Woensdrecht borehole, southern Netherlands33-643Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, nieuwe serie28 Palaeontology NetherlandsTertiaryO?De Coninck, J.1995Microfossiles à paroi organique du Bartonien, Priabonien et Rupélien inférieur dans le sondage de Kalloespèces significatives dans les sondages de Woensdrecht, Kallo et Mol65-1053Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, nieuwe serie53 PalaeontologyNetherlands and BelgiumTertiary?De Craen, M Swennen, R.1992}Sedimentology and diagenesis of the ankeritized basal Zechstein conglomerate in the Campine Basin (Bree borehole, NE Belgium)145-160Geologie en Mijnbouw71Clastic sedimentologyBelgium Zechstein? De Crook, T.1996oA seismic zoning map confirming to Eurocode 8, and practical earthquake parameter relations for the Netherlands11-18Geologie en Mijnbouw75 Seismicity NetherlandsGeneric? "De Crook, T. Dost, B. Haak, H.W.19954Analyse van het seismische risico in Noord-Nederland30-TR-168De BiltKNMI Seismicity NetherlandsGeneric? De Gans, W.1983^Lithology, stratigraphy, and palynology of Holocene deposits in the Drentsche Aa valley system285-295Geologie en Mijnbouw62Geology NetherlandsHolocene;internal-pdf://De Gans (1983)-2401564416/De Gans (1983).pdf? De Gans, W.2007 Quaternary173-196Geology of the Netherlands-'Wong, Th.E. Batjes, D.A.J. De Jager, J. Amsterdam)Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and SciencesGeology Netherlands Quaternary;internal-pdf://De Gans (2007)-2154345216/De Gans (2007).pdf;?*De Groot, Th. Cleveringa, P. Klijnstra, B.1987VFrost-mound scars and the evolution of a Late Dryas environment (northern Netherlands)239-250Geologie en Mijnbouw66Clastic sedimentology NetherlandsCenozoicIinternal-pdf://De Groot et al (1987)-0762103553/De Groot et al (1987).pdf? De Jager, J.2003@Inverted basins in the Netherlands, similarities and differences355-366"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences82Structural Geology NetherlandsGeneric=internal-pdf://De Jager (2003)-2810190592/De Jager (2003).pdf8? De Jager, J.2007Geological development5-26Geology of the Netherlands-'Wong, T. E. Batjes, D.A.J. de Jager, J. Amsterdam.Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesStructural Geology NetherlandsGeneric=internal-pdf://De Jager (2007)-3433021184/De Jager (2007).pdf?7De Jager, J. Doyle, M.A. Grantham, P.J. Mabillard, J.E.19961Hydrocarbon habitat of the West Netherlands Basin191-210,Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands-/Rondeel, H.E. Batjes, D.A.J. Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. DordrechtKluwer Academic PublishersPetroleum Geology NetherlandsGenericKinternal-pdf://De Jager et al. (1996)-0157881351/De Jager et al. (1996).pdfQ?De Jager, J. Geluk, M.C.2007Petroleum geology241-264Geology of the Netherlands-'Wong, T. E. Batjes, D.A.J. de Jager, J. Amsterdam.Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesPetroleum Geology NetherlandsGenericMinternal-pdf://De Jager & Geluk (2007)-2644162304/De Jager & Geluk (2007).pdf?De Jong, M.G.G. Laker, N.1992hReservoir modeling of the Vlieland Sandstone of the Kotter Field (Block K18b), offshore, The Netherlands173-188Geologie en Mijnbouw71Petroleum Geology Netherlands CretaceousW?0De Jong, M.G.G. Nio, S.D. Smith, D.G. Bohm, A.R.2007}Subsurface correlation in the Upper Carboniferous (Westphalian) of the Anglo-Dutch Basin using climate stratigraphic approach49-59 First Break25 Stratigraphy North Sea CarboniferousIinternal-pdf://De Jong et al. (2007)-2798827521/De Jong et al. (2007).pdf?De Loos, J. M.1973>In-situ compaction measurements in Groningen observation wells79`Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie28 Subsidence NetherlandsGeneric'?De Lugt, I. R.2007yStratigraphical and structural setting of the Palaeogene siliciclastic sediments in the Dutch part of the North Sea Basin112UtrechtUtrecht UniversityGeology NetherlandsTertiary;internal-pdf://De Lugt (2007)-1520067584/De Lugt (2007).pdf @?*De Lugt, I. R. van Wees, J. D. Wong, T. E.2003pThe tectonic evolution of the southern Dutch North Sea during the Palaeogene; basin inversion in distinct pulses141-159Tectonophysics373Atlantic-Ocean basin-analysis basin-inversion basins- Broad-Fourteens-Basin Cenozoic- compression- Cretaceous- deformation- Dongen-Formation Eocene- Europe- eustacy- extension- faults- geophysical-methods geophysical-profiles geophysical-surveys Hercynian-Orogeny inversion-tectonics Landen-Formation Laramide-Orogeny Mesozoic- Miocene- Neogene- Netherlands- normal-faults North-Atlantic North-Sea orogeny- paleobathymetry- Paleogene- Pyrenean-Orogeny reactivation- reconstruction- Rupel-Formation sedimentary-basins sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- seismic-methods seismic-profiles stress-fields subsidence- surveys- systems- tectonics- Tertiary- well-logs Western-Europe Structural-geology Applied-geophysicsStructural GeologysIn this paper, we discuss the response of a sedimentary basin to compressional reactivation of extensional faults in distinct pulses. The inversion of the Broad Fourteens Basin in the southern Dutch North Sea is used as a case study. The first pulse of inversion occurred during the Late Mesozoic as a result of the sub-Hercynean phase. A second pulse occurred during the Mid-Palaeocene Laramide phase. A final inversion pulse occurred around the Eocene-Oligocene boundary coinciding with the Pyrenean tectonic event. We reconstructed the stratigraphic and structural development of the area during the Palaeogene in detail. Basic data are two 2D-seismic surveys, supported by 74 geophysical wireline logs, on which newly constructed depth and thickness maps are based. The reconstruction is aided by a quantitative subsidence analysis. Cessation of compression resulted in relaxation and tensional reactivation of faults caused differential subsidence. Inheritance of geological structures is a key element in the tectonic activity in the Broad Fourteens Basin during the Palaeogene; tectonic movement during the Palaeogene was always accommodated by reactivation of Palaeozoic-Mesozoic faults. The intensity of inversion in the southern North Sea Basin during the Pyrenean phase appears much larger than previously noticed. Moreover, the area affected by the inversion is much wider than during previous phases. Minor differences in the direction of the local stress field between the tectonic phases and by the deposition of a thick sedimentary succession during the periods of tectonic quiescence between the inversion phases can account for this. NetherlandsTertiary:?!De Magnée, I 1952IObservation sur la radioactivite des horizons marins du Westphalien Belge429-434rCompte Rendu, Troisième Congrès pour l’avancement des études de stratigraphie et de géologie du Carbonifère-HeerlenErnest van Aelst GeochemistryBelgium Carboniferous?FDe Mulder, E.F.J. Geluk, M.C. Ritsema, I. Westerhoff, W.E. Wong, Th.E.2003De ondergrond van Nederland379-UtrechtTNO-NITGGeology NetherlandsGeneric?De Ridder, N.A.1959YDe kwartaire en jongtertiaire tektoniek van Midden-Limburg en zuidoostelijk Noord-Brabant1-24Geologie en Mijnbouw1Structural Geology NetherlandsTertiary?-De Ruiter, H.J. van der Laan, G. Udink, H.G.1967?Development of the North Netherlands gas discovery in Groningen255-264Geologie en Mijnbouw46Petroleum Geology Netherlands Rotliegend?De Sitter, L.U.1949;Eindverslag van het geophysische onderzoek in ZO.-Nederland372"Mededelingen Geologische Stichting serie C-3 Geophysics NetherlandsGeneric?  De Voogd, M.1988!The Dutch deep seismics programme297-303,Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique111 Geophysics NetherlandsGeneric?  De Vos, W.1997jInfluence of the granitic batholith of Flanders on Acadian and later deformation (Brabant Massif, Belgium)49-52Aardkundige Mededelingen89Acadian- Alpine-Orogeny batholiths- Belgium- Brabant-Massif Cambrian- deformation- Europe- Flanders-Batholith granites- gravity-anomalies Hercynian-Orogeny igneous-rocks intrusions- magmas- Middle-Cambrian orogeny- Paleozoic- plate-tectonics plutonic-rocks subduction- tectonics- Western-Europe Structural-geologyStructural GeologyBelgiumGeneric?  De Vos, W.1998eA short history of the pre-Variscan Brabant Massif, Belgium, from geological and geophysical evidence122-124JSchriften des Staatlichen Museums für Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden9GeologyBelgium Palaeozoic\? 5De Vos, W. Verniers, J. Herbosch, A. Vanguestaine, M.19933A new geological map of the Brabant Massif, Belgium605-611Geological Magazine1305Belgium- Brabant-Massif Cambrian- Europe- geologic-maps Lower-Cambrian maps- models- Paleozoic- Precambrian- Western-Europe Areal-geology StratigraphyBelgium Palaeozoic? De Vries, J.J.2007 Groundwater295-315Geology of the Netherlands'Wong, Th.E. Batjes, D.A.J. De Jager, J. Amsterdam(Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and SciencesGeology NetherlandsGeneric=internal-pdf://De Vries (2007)-2859600128/De Vries (2007).pdf?De Wijkerslooth, P.1949IDie Blei-Zink-Formation Sud-Limburgs Holland und ihr mikroscopisches Bild83-102"Mededelingen Geologische Stichting3Natural resources Netherlands Carboniferous ? De Wijn, B.2004LSalt expectations: where one should hope for the best and fear for the worst38-64&Squeezing salts - an expensive problemBreunese, J.M. Schroot, B.M.UtrechtTNO-NITG - EBNEngineering Geology Netherlands Zechstein? Deelder, C.1977De "Deepwell Naarden 500".44-53 De Ingenieur892Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric? Dellwig, Olaf1999ZGeochemistry of Holocene coastal deposits (NW Germany): Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction297 Oldenburg Carl von Ossietzky Universität GeochemistryGermanyHolocene?internal-pdf://appendix Dellwig-1460812290/appendix Dellwig.pdf internal-pdf://chapter2-4-1947358978/chapter2-4.pdf internal-pdf://chapter3-1-1913811970/chapter3-1.pdf internal-pdf://chapter3-2-1007851266/chapter3-2.pdf internal-pdf://chapter4-4279416066/chapter4.pdf internal-pdf://references-0856872706/references.pdf 1?KDellwig, Olaf Boettcher Michael, E. Lipinski, Marcus Brumsack Hans, Juergen2002ZTrace metals in Holocene coastal peats and their relation to pyrite formation (NW Germany)423-442Chemical Geology1822-4<Cenozoic- Central-Europe coastal-environment cores- crystal-growth Eh- Europe- fixation- geochemical-cycle Germany- high-resolution-methods Holocene- ICP-mass-spectra iron- isotope-ratios isotopes- Lower-Saxony-Germany mass-spectra metals- North-Sea-Coast northwestern-Germany paludal-environment peat- pyrite- Quaternary- S-34-S-32 sea-level-changes sediments- sinks- spectra- stable-isotopes sulfides- sulfur- terrestrial-environment trace-elements trace-metals Wangerland-Germany X-ray-fluorescence-spectra Quaternary-geology Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry Three drill cores from the marshlands of NW Germany, which cover the entire Holocene, were analyzed at high-resolution for bulk composition, Al, Fe, selected trace metals, and stable sulfur isotopes. The drill cores contain two lithological types of peat: (i) basal peats overlying Pleistocene sands and (ii) intercalated peats situated between clastic sediments of predominantly marine origin. The peat layers are characterized by distinct enrichments in pyrite due to microbial sulfate reduction under almost open system conditions with respect to seawater sulfate as shown by sulfur isotope partitioning. The main Fe source seems to be the freshwater environment. The determination of dissolved and particulate Fe of channels and small rivers close to the study area revealed a 50-fold higher Fe content of the freshwater environment when compared with North Sea water. Pyrite enrichments are explained by two scenarios: (i) pyrite formation coincides with fen reed peat growth (basal and intercalated) under the influence of a brackish water zone (salinity app. 5-15) and (ii) pyrite was formed after peat growth in the lowest limnic basal peat intervals. Maximum pyrite accumulation (TS 28%) occurs in latter peats that contain thin clastic layers as a result of tidal channel activities after peat formation. The occurrence of clastic layers may have favoured the inflow of saline groundwater. The peat layers are also characterized by enrichments in redox-sensitive trace metals (As, Mo, Re, U) and Cd, whereas Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl, and Zn reflect the geogenic background. Leaching experiments have shown that As, Co, Cu, Mo, Re, and Tl are predominantly fixed as sulfides and/or incorporated into pyrite. The remaining trace metals show no distinct trends, only Cr reveals a strong relation to the lithogenic detritus. Seawater is the dominating source for As, Cd, Mo, Re, and U. The remaining trace elements seem to have a freshwater source similar to Fe. In contrast to the distribution of pyrite, highest amounts of redox-sensitive trace metals are seen in fen reed peats (basal and intercalated) that were formed under a direct influence of seawater and brackish water, respectively. Therefore, we suggest that saline groundwater entering the basal peats was probably depleted in redox-sensitive trace metals, e.g. owing to microbially induced reduction of trace metals and subsequent precipitation as sulfides or fixation by organic matter.GermanyHoloceneGinternal-pdf://Dellwig et al (2002)-2511590144/Dellwig et al (2002).pdf?/Delmer, Andre Dusar, Michiel Delcambre, Bernard20016Upper Carboniferous lithostratigraphic units (Belgium)95-103Geologica Belgica41-2-Belgium- carbonate-rocks Carboniferous- clastic-rocks coal- Dinantian- Europe- lithostratigraphy- marine-environment Namurian- Paleozoic- sea-level-changes sedimentary-rocks siliciclastics- subsidence- terrestrial-environment transgression- Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Westphalian- Stratigraphy StratigraphyUpper Carboniferous, Namurian to Westphalian coal measures in Belgium form part of the Variscan Foredeep in northwestern Europe, with maximum preserved thickness over 3500 m. Despite post-depositional separation of the Wallonian and Campine coal basins by the Brabant Massif and different tectonic styles, a common lithostratigraphic nomenclature can be applied. The stratigraphic subdivision is based on the distinction between a carbonate-dominated marine "Dinantian" and siliciclastic continental, coal-bearing "Silesian". Basal units testify of a marine transgression, locally continuous with Dinantian carbonate sedimentation, elsewhere drowning an emergent karst landscape. Progressive advance and uplift of the Variscan orogenic belt caused rapid subsidence in the foreland and transition from prodelta mudstones to upper alluvial plain conglomerates, with fewer marine incursions. The Belgian Coal Measures Group encompasses this complete tectonically-driven sedimentary succession.Belgium Carboniferous? Demathieu, G.R. Oosterink, H.W. 1983Die Wirbeltier Ichnofauna aus dem Unterem Muschelkalk von Winterswijk (Die Reptilienfährten aus der Mitteltrias der Niederlände)52 Staringia-7 Palaeontology NetherlandsTriassic?Demathieu, G.R. Oosterink, H.W.1988YNew discoveries of ichnofossils from the Middle Triassic of Winterswijk (The Netherlands)3-17Geologie en Mijnbouw67 Palaeontology NetherlandsTriassic? Demoulin, A.1987MThe distribution of Cretaceous deposits on the Haute Fagnes plateau (Belgium)147-150Geologie en Mijnbouw662 StratigraphyBelgium Cretaceous?Demoulin, A. Hallot, E.2009iShape and amount of the Quaternary uplift of the western Rhenish shield and the Ardennes (western Europe)696-708Tectonophysics4743-4Structural GeologyA good evaluation of the Quaternary uplift of the Rhenish shield is a key element for the understanding of the Cenozoic geodynamics of the western European platform in front of the alpine arc. Previous maps of the massif uplift relied on fluvial incision data since the time of the rivers' Younger Main Terrace to infer a maximum post-0.73 Ma uplift of nearly equal 290 m in the SE Eifel. Here, we propose a new interpretation of the incision data of the intra-massif streams, where anomalies in the terrace profiles would result from knickpoint retreat in the tributaries of the main rivers rather than from tectonic deformation. We also use additional geomorphological data referring to (1) deformed Tertiary planation surfaces, (2) the history of stream piracy that severely affected the Meuse basin in the last 1 Ma, and (3) incision data outside the Rhenish shield. A new map of the post-0.73 Ma uplift of the Rhenish shield is drawn on the basis of this enlarged dataset. It reduces the maximum amount of tectonic uplift in the SE Eifel to nearly equal 140 m and modifies the general shape of the uplift, namely straightening its E-W profile. It is also suggested that an uplift wave migrated across the massif, starting from its southern margin in the early Pleistocene and currently showing the highest intensity of uplift in the northern Ardennes and Eifel. These features seem to favour an uplift mechanism chiefly related to lithospheric folding and minimize the impact on the topography of a more local Eifel plume.Germany and Belgium Quaternary?/Demoulin, A. Lenotre, N. Moxhet, J. Pissart, A.1992ULes regions neotectoniques de la Belgique definies par la comparaison de nivellements99-111,Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique1151Structural GeologyBelgiumCenozoic?Demyttenaere, R.1989>The Post-Paleozoic geological history of north-eastern Belgium49-81.Proceedings of the Academy of Science, Belgium514GeologyBelgiumMesozoic-Cenzoic?5Den Boer, E. Eikelboom, J. Driel, P. van Watts, D.2000_Resistivity imaging of shallow salt with magnetotellurics as an aid to prestack depth migration19-26 First Break18 Geophysics NetherlandsGeneric?Den Hartog Jager, D.G.1996pFluviomarine sequences in the Lower Cretaceous of the West Netherlands Basin: correlation and seismic expression229-242,Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands-/Rondeel, H.E. Batjes, D.A.J. Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. AmsterdamKluwer Academic Publishers Stratigraphy Netherlands CretaceousMinternal-pdf://Den Hartog Jager (1996)-4285170695/Den Hartog Jager (1996).pdf? 5Den Hartog Jager, D.G. Boekelman, W. Mijnlieff, H.F.1993;Regional geology of the Carboniferous in the NE Netherlands--24929Assen'Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij (NAM)Geology- Netherlands Carboniferous;? Derer, C.E.2003{Tectono-sedimentary evolution of the northern Upper Rhine Graben (Germany), with special regard to the early syn-rift stage103Bonn*Rheinischen Friendrich Wilhelms UniversityPalaeogeographyGermanyTertiary7internal-pdf://Derer (2003)-4226455808/Derer (2003).pdf? Derumaux, F.1980VLe Permien évaporitique de Mer du Nord. Relations entre tectonique et sédimentologie495-510CCentres de Recherches Exploration-Production Elf Aquitaine Bulletin4 Evaporites North Sea Zechstein?Dessens, C.W.M.1995Natural gas in the Netherlands13-18Mijnbouwkundige Vereniging-Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric? Dessens, C.W.M.19962The role of oil and gas in the Dutch energy policy341-344Geologie en Mijnbouw74Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGenericC?!DeVault, B. Jeremiah, J.2002\Tectonostratigraphy of the Nieuwerkerk Formation (Delfland subgroup), West Netherlands Basin 1679-17075American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin86 Stratigraphy Netherlands CretaceousAinternal-pdf://DeVaught_Jeremiah-1024769031/DeVaught_Jeremiah.pdf ?"+Dèzes, Pierre Schmid, S. M. Ziegler, P. A.2004~Evolution of the European Cenozoic rift system; interaction of the Alpine and Pyrenean orogens with their foreland lithosphere1-33Tectonophysics3891-2UAlps- basins- Bohemian-Massif Cenozoic- Central-Europe Central-Massif crust- deformation- dikes- Europe- faults- forelands- France- heat-flow intrusions- lithosphere- mantle- mantle-plumes mineral-composition Mohorovicic-discontinuity Oligocene- orogenic-belts orogeny- Paleocene- Paleogene- plate-collision plate-tectonics Provencal-Basin Pyrenees- Quaternary- Rhenish-Schiefergebirge Rhone-Valley rift-zones rifting- stress- subduction- systems- tectonics- Tertiary- thermal-history transition-zones uplifts- Upper-Rhine-Graben volcanism- Western-Europe Structural-geology Solid-earth-geophysicsStructural Geology The evolution of the European Cenozoic Rift System (ECRIS) and the Alpine orogen is discussed on the base of a set of palaeotectonic maps and two retro-deformed lithospheric transects which extend across the Western and Central Alps and the Massif Central and the Rhenish Massif, respectively. During the Paleocene, compressional stresses exerted on continental Europe by the evolving Alps and Pyrenees caused lithospheric buckling and basin inversion up to 1700 km to the north of the Alpine and Pyrenean deformation fronts. This deformation was accompanied by the injection of melilite dykes, reflecting a plume-related increase in the temperature of the asthenosphere beneath the European foreland. At the Paleocene-Eocene transition, compressional stresses relaxed in the Alpine foreland, whereas collisional interaction of the Pyrenees with their foreland persisted. In the Alps, major Eocene north-directed lithospheric shortening was followed by mid-Eocene slab- and thrust-loaded subsidence of the Dauphinois and Helvetic shelves. During the late Eocene, north-directed compressional intraplate stresses originating in the Alpine and Pyrenean collision zones built up and activated ECRIS. At the Eocene-Oligocene transition, the subducted Central Alpine slab was detached, whereas the West-Alpine slab remained attached to the lithosphere. Subsequently, the Alpine orogenic wedge converged northwestward with its foreland. The Oligocene main rifting phase of ECRIS was controlled by north-directed compressional stresses originating in the Pyrenean and Alpine collision zones. Following early Miocene termination of crustal shortening in the Pyrenees and opening of the oceanic Provencal Basin, the evolution of ECRIS was exclusively controlled by west- and northwest-directed compressional stresses emanating from the Alps during imbrication of their external massifs. Whereas the grabens of the Massif Central and the Rhone Valley became inactive during the early Miocene, the Rhine Rift System remained active until the present. Lithospheric folding controlled mid-Miocene and Pliocene uplift of the Vosges-Black Forest Arch. Progressive uplift of the Rhenish Massif and Massif Central is mainly attributed to plume-related thermal thinning of the mantle-lithosphere. ECRIS evolved by passive rifting in response to the build-up of Pyrenean and Alpine collision-related compressional intraplate stresses. Mantle-plume-type upwelling of the asthenosphere caused thermal weakening of the foreland lithosphere, rendering it prone to deformation.Western EuropeTertiaryCinternal-pdf://Dezes et al (2004)-3002085633/Dezes et al (2004).pdf?#3Dickinson, B. Waterhouse, M. Goodall, J. Holmes, N.2001JBlenheim Field: the appraisal of a small oil field with a horizontal well 81-95Petroleum Geoscience71Petroleum GeologyBlenheim is a small Palaeocene oil field (c. 53×106 BBL oil in-place), in which significant seismic uncertainty complicated a development decision. Initial appraisal plans required a conventional deviated well sited to minimize the uncertainty, gather further reservoir and fluid data, and, if successful, provide a production well. Later studies indicated improved economics if horizontal wells were successful. Several well designs, with and without pilot holes, were analysed to discover the optimum balance of data gathering, risk reduction and development cost reduction. The optimum well required accurate well steering in an area of seismic uncertainty. A high-resolution biostratigraphic study was made and provided detailed correlation of intra-reservoir mudstones, enabling wellsite analysis to aid steering decisions. The pilot hole proved the most likely seismic interpretation to be correct and permitted the horizontal well to be drilled as planned. Wellsite biostratigraphic analysis and real-time MWD aided steering decisions and contributed to a successful horizontal well being drilled. The well flowed in excess of the minimum economic rates required and allowed the field to be successfully developed.UKTertiaryMinternal-pdf://Dickinson et al. (2001)-0890450176/Dickinson et al. (2001).pdf?$ Diederen, J.1989Ondergrondse mergelwinning173-179Grondboor en Hamer43Natural resources Netherlands Cretaceous&?% Diedrich, C.2001uVertebrate track-bed stratigraphy of the Rõt and basal Lower Muschelkalk (Anisian) of Winterswijk (East Netherlands)31-40Geologie en Mijnbouw80 Palaeontology NetherlandsTriassic=internal-pdf://Diedrich (2001)-0678529025/Diedrich (2001).pdf?&Diessel, C.F.K.1992!Coal-bearing depositional systems721-BerlinSpringer-VerlagClastic sedimentologyGenericGeneric?'Dietzel, H.J. Koeler, M.1998dStimulation of a Low Permeability Natural Fractured Reservoir in the North-West German Carboniferous83-95SPE Paper 39913-Petroleum GeologyGermany Carboniferous?(Dill, H. G. Pöhlmann, H.2002uChemical composition and mineral matter of paralic and limnic coal types of lignite through anthracite rank (Germany)851-867/Memoir Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists19alteration- anthracite- bituminous-coal Central-Europe chemical-composition classification- coal- coalification- correlation-coefficient depositional-environment Europe- fluvial-environment geochemical-anomalies Germany- lignite- major-elements mass-spectra metals- mineral-composition rank- rare-earths sedimentary-rocks SEM-data spectra- statistical-analysis trace-elements X-ray-fluorescence-spectra Petrology-of-coal Geochemistry Brown and hard coals which formed in paralic and limnic to fluvial environments of deposition were investigated for their chemical composition using XRF and ICP-MS and for their mineral matter using XRD and SEM after low-temperature plasma ashing. The set of samples covers the period from the Upper Carboniferous through the Late Tertiary with respect to age of formation and the lignite through anthracite stage with regard to the rank of coalification. The paper provides more detailed information on the host of the trace elements in the mineral matter and on the variation of elements as a function of coal rank and environment of deposition. The mineral matter and element associations are discussed in view of the processes operative during coal formation (sedimentation, diagenesis, epigenesis, supergene alteration). The chemical composition of coal samples may track mineralogical changes in the primary environment of deposition, during epigenetic and supergene alterations. Only a few elements (e.g. P, REE) vary with the rank of coalification. Diagenetic alteration of the mineral matter, which runs parallel with coalification of organic matter is isochemical in nature and for that reason the process is less significant with respect to element variation than supergene alteration which may be called allochemical. Based upon that finding, chemical facies analyses may successfully be conducted to place constraints on the environment of deposition provided the brown and hard coals under study did not undergo strong epigenetic or supergene alteration.GermanyGeneric@?)ZDirkzwager, J.B. Van Wees, J.-D. Cloetingh, S.A.P.L. Geluk, M.C. Dost, B. Beekman, F.2000vGeo-mechanical and rheological modelling of upper crustal faults and their near-surface expressions in the Netherlands67-88Global and Planetary Change27Structural Geology NetherlandsGeneric?* Dirven, J.1995<The Mesozoic of the Achterhoek area, the eastern Netherlands76UtrechtUtrecht UniversityGeology NetherlandsMesozoicr?+&Dixon, J.E. Fitton, J.G. Frost, R.T.C.1981XThe tectonic significance for post-Carboniferous igneous activity in the North Sea Basin65-75bPetroleum geology of the Continental Shelf of North-West Europe: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference-Illing, L.V. Hobson, G.D.LondonInstitute of PetroleumStructural Geology North SeaGeneric?, Donato, J.A.1993NA buried batholith and the origin of the Sole Pit Basin, UK Southern North Sea255-258!Journal of the Geological Society150 MagmatismUKGeneric9internal-pdf://Donato (1993)-2001030401/Donato (1993).pdf?-(Donato, J.A. Martindale, W. Tully, M.C. 1983-Buried granites within the Mid North Sea High825-837+Journal of the Geological Society of London140 MagmatismUK PalaeozoicGinternal-pdf://Donato et al. (1983)-0407382273/Donato et al. (1983).pdf3?.Donato, J.A. Megson, J1990ZA buried granite batholith beneath the East Midlands Shelf of the Southern North Sea Basin133-140+Journal of the Geological Society of London147 MagmatismUK PalaeozoicKinternal-pdf://Donato & Megson (1990)-3058100993/Donato & Megson (1990).pdfv?/Donders, T.H. Weijers, J.W.H. Munsterman, D.K. Kloosterboer-van Hoeve, M.L. Buckles, L.K. Pancost, R.D. Schouten, S. Sinninghe Damste, J.S. Brinkhuis, H.2009aStrong climate coupling of terrestrial and marine environments in the Miocene of northwest Europe215-225#Earth and Planetary Science Letters2813-4ClimateWestern EuropeCenozoic?0 Doornhof, D.1992>Surface subsidence in The Netherlands: The Groningen gas field173-188Geologie en Mijnbouw71 Subsidence NetherlandsGeneric?1Doppert, J.W.C.1980SLithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of marine Neogene deposits in the Netherlands255-311%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst32-16 Stratigraphy NetherlandsTertiary7?2,Doppert, J.W.C. Laga, P.G. Meuter, F.J. de1979Correlation of the biostratigraphy of marine Neogene deposits, based on benthonic foraminifera, established in Belgium and the Netherlands1-8%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst31-1 StratigraphyNetherlands and BelgiumTertiary?3Doppert, J.W.C. Neele, N.G.1983RBiostratigraphy of marine Paleogene deposits in the Netherlands and adjacent areas3-79%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst37 Stratigraphy NetherlandsTertiary\?4RDoppert, J.W.Chr. Ruegg, G.H.J. Van Staalduinen, C.J. Zagwijn, W.H. Zandstra, J.G.19759Formaties van het Kwartair en Boven Tertiair in Nederland->Toelichting bij de geologische overzichtskaarten van Nederland"Zagwijn W.H. Van Staalduinen, J.C.HaarlemRijks Geologische Dienst Stratigraphy NetherlandsCenozoic?5 Dorsman, L.19458The marine fauna of the Carboniferous in the Netherlands1-101%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische DienstC-IV-3-3Brachiopoda- Carboniferous- Carboniferous-faunal-zones correlation- Europe- Invertebrata- marine-fauna Mollusca- Netherlands- Netherlands-Europe paleontology- Paleozoic- west- Western-Europe Invertebrate-paleontology PalaeontologyTDescribes the upper Carboniferous marine fauna, mostly brachiopods and mollusks (including new species), of the Netherlands, discusses the zonal occurrence of the various species, and correlates the upper Carboniferous marine fossiliferous zones of England, Belgium, western Germany, and the Netherlands. Includes an extensive bibliography. Netherlands Carboniferous?6 Dorsman, L.19547Geological occurrence of natural gas in the Netherlands443-448Geologie en Mijnbouw16Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGenericB?7Dost, B. Haak, H.W.2007Natural and induced seismicity223-240Geology of the Netherlands-'Wong, Th.E. Batjes, D.A.J. De Jager, J. Amsterdam(Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences Seismicity NetherlandsGenericCinternal-pdf://Dost & Haak (2007)-2976487936/Dost & Haak (2007).pdf?8 Dozy, J.J.1978)Heeft nederlandse steenkool een toekomst?263-267 De Ingenieur90Natural resources Netherlands Carboniferous?9SDreesen, Roland Bossiroy, Dominique Dusar, Michiel Flores Romeo, M. Verkaeren, Paul1995Overview of the influence of syn-sedimentary tectonics and palaeo-fluvial systems on coal seam and sand body characteristics in the Westphalian C strata, Campine Basin, Belgium215-232'Geological Society Special Publications82Belgium- Campine-Basin Carboniferous- clastic-rocks coal- coal-exploration coal-seams correlation- depositional-environment Europe- fluvial-environment lithologic-controls organic-residues paleogeography- Paleozoic- sandstone- sedimentary-rocks sequence-stratigraphy structural-controls synsedimentary-processes Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Westphalian- Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sourcesStructural GeologyBelgium Carboniferous?:?Dreesen, R. Bouckaert, J. Dusar, M. Soille, P. Vandenberghe, N.1987Subsurface structural analysis of the late-Dinantian carbonate shelf at the northern flank of the Brabant Massif (Campine Basin, N-Belgium)1-37uMémoires Explicatives des Cartes Géologiques et Minières de Belgique (Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Belgium)21Structural GeologyBelgium Carboniferous8?;!"Dreesen, R. Paproth, E. Thorez, J.1988[Events documented in Famennian sediments (Ardenn- Rhenish Massif, Late Devonian, NW Europe)295-308EProceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on the Devonian System--Calgary-Clastic sedimentologyBelgium and GermanyDevonian?< Dreier, M.2003FThermalsimulation im Erdölfeld Emlichheim - Anwendung und Erfahrungen22-27Erdoel Erdgas Kohle11812Petroleum GeologyGermany Cretaceous?=Dronkers, A.J. Mrozek, F.J.1991"Inverted basins of The Netherlands409-418 First Break9Structural Geology NetherlandsMesozoicOinternal-pdf://Dronkers & Mrozek (1991)-3388196609/Dronkers & Mrozek (1991).pdfG?>Dronkert, H. Remmelts, G.1996TInfluence of salt structures on reservoir rocks in Block L2, Dutch continental shelf159-166,Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands/Rondeel, H.E. Batjes, D.A.J. Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. DordrechtKluwer Academic PublishersPetroleum Geology North Sea Zechstein3??Drozdzewski, G.1985/Tiefentectonik der Ibbenbürener Karbon-Scholle189-216CBeiträge zur Tiefentectonik westdeutscher Steinkohlenlagerstätten--Drozdzewski, G. Engel, H. Wolf, R. Wrede, V. KrefeldGeol. L.-Amt Nordrh.-Westf.Structural GeologyGermany Carboniferous ?@Drozdzewski, G.1992Zur Faziesentwicklung im Oberkarbon des Ruhrbeckens, abgeleitet aus Mächtigkeitskarten und lithostratigraphischen Gesamtprofilen41-48!Zeitschrift angew. Geol. (Berlin)38Clastic sedimentologyGermany Carboniferous?ADrozdzewski, Guenter1993VThe Ruhr coal basin (Germany); structural evolution of an autochthonous foreland basin231-250%International Journal of Coal Geology231-4basins- Central-Europe coal- Europe- fold-and-thrust-belts folds- foreland-basins Germany- Hercynian-Orogeny maps- North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany organic-residues orogeny- Paleozoic- Ruhr- sedimentary-rocks structural-maps tectonics- Structural-geology Petrology-of-coalStructural GeologyThe Ruhr coal basin is part of the external fold and thrust belt of the Variscan orogen in Central Europe. Information from extensive coal mining, outcrops in the south of the Ruhr district, reflection seismic surveys and about 800 exploration boreholes in the north, support the interpretation of a mostly molasse-type sequence, more than 6000 m thick, of Namurian and Westphalian age. Both the southwest-northeast trending sedimentary basin structures and the fold structures of the Ruhr Carboniferous were caused by the compressive regime of the Variscan folding in its hinterland, but there is no direct relationship between sedimentary basin structures and the later folding structures. Coal formation started in the Namurian C, reached its maximum during the Westphalian A and B and ended during the Westphalian D. In total, about 250 coal seams were formed, but only 50 of them are of economic importance at present. Strata thicknesses and coal content are generally greater in the southeast of the Ruhr coalfield than in the northwest. An important exception can be observed in the lower part of the Westphalian A, where, in contrast, strata thicknesses are greatest in the northwest (in the Muensterland region), although the coal content remains the greatest in the southeast. Detailed isopach maps covering 100-200 m thick stratigraphic intervals reveal the existence of a southwest-northeast trending zone of reduced subsidence in the Ruhr coalfield that moved from southeast to northwest during the Westphalian. This structure can be interpreted as a peripheral bulge. Coal seams are purer and thicker in the area of this structure, which therefore must have been a paleogeographic element within the Ruhr basin. The general effect of a general decrease in the coal content of the Upper Carboniferous towards the northwest is superimposed on the migration of the coal content maxima of individual formations towards the northwest. During the Namurian C and Westphalian A the coal content maxima were situated in the area of the River Ruhr and during the Westphalian B and C in the area of the River Lippe. The deformation of the Ruhr coal basin is of post-Westphalian age, as demonstrated by the concordant folding of the Devonian and Carboniferous strata. The tectonic structure is mainly characterised by the following elements: stockwerk tectonics, axial elevations and a succession of compressional and extensional tectonics. Due to the general dip of the Ruhr coal basin towards the north, different structural levels ("stockwerks") can be observed. The southern area displays the lowermost stockwerk, with many minor folds of about constant wavelength and low amplitudes. Thrusts are mainly small and some of them show increasing displacement upwards. The central part of the mining area displays the intermediate stockwerk with large, tight anticlinoria with minor folds separated by open synclines. These are accompanied by folded northwest- and southeast-vergent thrusts. In the northern Ruhr district, high anticlines and broad, trough-shaped synclinoria with only few thrusts represent the uppermost stockwerk. Large fold controlled thrusts die out at this level. Axial culminations and depressions have strongly influenced the structural style of the folding as well. According to this model of stockwerk tectonics, excess volume created by disharmonic folding is redistributed by thrusts. Thrusts dying out downwards at different stratigraphic and structural levels give evidence that there is no regional basal detachment below the Ruhr coal basin. This interpretation fits very well to new results achieved by the deep seismic reflection profile DEKORP 2-N. The section clearly shows thick-skinned tectonics in the Rhenish massif, with a shortening of the whole thickness of crust. The Ruhr coal basin can, therefore, be interpreted in terms of an autochthonous foreland basin in front of a buried thrust front to the south. Investigations on the post-Carboniferous strata of the Ruhr basin indicate different periods of active faulting. Cross and diagonal faultGermany Carboniferous]?BDrozdzewski, G.2005`Zur sedimentären Entwicklung des Subvariscikums im Namurium und Westfalium Nordwestdeutschlands151-203OStratigraphie von Deutschland V - Das Oberkarbon (Pennsylvanium) in Deutschland254 Wrede, V.Frankfurt a. M.Cour. Forsch.-Inst. SenckenbergClastic sedimentologyGermany Carboniferousv?CNDrozdzewski, G. Henscheid, S. Hoth, P. Juch, D. Littke, R. Vieth, A. Wrede, V.2009?The Pre-Permian of NW-Germany - Structure and coalification map159-1723Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft1602Structural GeologyGermany CarboniferousUinternal-pdf://09-05-11_Bildunterschriften-1077865728/09-05-11_Bildunterschriften.doc?DLDrozdzewski, Günter Klostermann, J. Ribbert, Karl.-H. Wrede, V. Zeller, M. 1998[Sedimentation und Tektonik im Palaeozoikum und Postpalaeozoikum der Niederrheinischen Bucht573-5838Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen37zAlpine-Orogeny areal-geology Caledonian-Orogeny Carboniferous- Cenozoic- Central-Europe Devonian- Europe- Germany- Hercynian-Orogeny lithostratigraphy- North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany orogeny- paleogeography- Paleozoic- Quaternary- Rhine-Westphalian-Basin sedimentary-petrology stratigraphic-gaps structural-geology Tertiary- Stratigraphy Structural-geology Sedimentary-petrologyClastic sedimentologyGermany Carboniferous?EDrozdzewski, G. Wrede, V.1994AFaltung und Bruchtektonik - Analyse der Tektonik im Subvariscikum7-1877Fortschritte in der Geology von Rheinland und Westfalen38Structural GeologyGermany Carboniferous?F%Drozdzewski, Guenter Zeller, Matthias1998AWar die Krefelder Achsenaufwoelbung im Oberkarbon ein Hochgebiet?459-4738Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen37basement- basins- bituminous-coal block-structures Carboniferous- Central-Europe coal- coal-seams Europe- faults- foreland-basins Germany- isopach-maps lithofacies- maps- normal-faults North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany paleocurrents- paleogeography- Paleozoic- Rhine-Westphalian-Basin sedimentary-rocks shear- style- systems- Upper-Carboniferous Westphalian- Stratigraphy Sedimentary-petrology Structural-geologyStructural GeologyGermany Carboniferous?GDTI2006*The Chalk play of the UK Central North SeaDTIPetroleum GeologyUK Cretaceous3internal-pdf://DTI (2006)-1897081345/DTI (2006).pdf?HDTI2009Stratigraphic plays of the UKCSDTIPetroleum GeologyUKGeneric3internal-pdf://DTI (2009)-1243040257/DTI (2009).pdf?IDubelaar, C.W.1992!Het Tertiair, Drenthe onder water31-48In de bodem van Drenthe- Rappol, M.- Lingua TerraeGeology NetherlandsTertiary'?J(Duin, Ed Rijkers, Richard Remmelts, Gijs19958Deep seismic reflections in the Netherlands; an overview191-197Geologie en Mijnbouw743Zbasins- Belgium- Brabant-Massif discontinuities- Europe- faults- geophysical-methods geophysical-profiles geophysical-surveys mapping- Mesozoic- Mohorovicic-discontinuity Netherlands- reflection-methods Roer-Valley-Graben sedimentary-basins seismic-methods seismic-profiles shear- surveys- Western-Europe Solid-earth-geophysics Applied-geophysics Geophysics Netherlands Palaeozoic?K Duin, E.J.Th.1989De Moho onder Nederland97-101Grondboor en Hamer43 Geophysics NetherlandsGeneric?LMDuin, E. J. T. Doornenbal, J. C. Rijkers, R. H. B. Verbeek, J. W. Wong, T. E.2006WSubsurface structure of the Netherlands; results of recent onshore and offshore mapping245-276"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences854Altena-Group Atlantic-Ocean Carboniferous- cartography- Cenozoic- Chalk-Group Cretaceous- cross-sections depth- Europe- faults- Jurassic- Mesozoic- Netherlands- Niedersachsen-Group North-Atlantic North-Sea North-Sea-Supergroup offshore- onshore- Paleozoic- Permian- Rijnland-Group Roer-Valley-Graben Schieland-Group Scruff-Group tectonics- Terschelling-Basin thickness- Upper-Permian Western-Europe Zechstein- Structural-geologyStructural GeologyThis paper presents depth maps for eight key horizons and seven thickness maps covering the onshore and offshore areas for the Late Permian to recent sedimentary section of the Netherlands. These maps, prepared in the context of a TNO regional mapping project, are supported by nine regional structural cross sections and a table summarizing the timing of tectonic activity from Carboniferous to recent. These new regional maps enable the delineation of various structural elements but also reveal the development of these elements through time with improved detail. Since the latest Carboniferous the tectonic setting of the Netherlands changed repeatedly. During successive tectonic phases several pre-existing structural elements were reactivated and new elements appeared. The various identified regional structural elements are grouped into six tectonically active periods: Late Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Late Jurassic, Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. This study demonstrates that many structural elements and fault systems were repeatedly reactivated and that a clear distinction exists between long-lived elements, such as the Roer Valley Graben, and short-lived structural elements, such as the Terschelling Basin. NetherlandsGenericAinternal-pdf://Duin et al (2006)-0986549505/Duin et al (2006).pdf?MDuin, E.J.T. Stavenga, T.1999hModelling Zechstein velocities in halokinetically disturbed areas using a 3D seismic amplitude attribute387-392 First Break17 Geophysics Netherlands Zechstein?NDuin, E.J.T. Stavinga, T.2000gModelling Zechstein velocities in halokinetically disturbed areas using 3D seismic amplitude attributes387-392 First Break17 Geophysics Netherlands Zechstein9?ODunay, R.E. Dronkers, A.J.1983gStratigraphic correlation of the Vlieland and Delfland units in the Dutch offshore, based on palynology131-134Geologie en Mijnbouw62 Stratigraphy Netherlands CretaceousMinternal-pdf://Dunay & Dronkers (1983)-3475140864/Dunay & Dronkers (1983).pdf?P4Duranti, D. Hurst, A. Bell, C. Groves, S. Hanson, R.2002kInjected and remobilized Eocene sandstones from the Alba Field, UKCS: core and wireline log characteristics99-107Petroleum Geoscience8Petroleum GeologyYDepositional and remobilized sandstone units are identified in core from the Eocene sand-rich deep-water Nauchlan Member and termed stratified and unstratified facies, respectively. The unstratified facies association records an increased intensity of sand remobilization, and inferred fluidization, upward. Unstratified facies have lower average porosity and permeability than stratified facies. Bulk density and acoustic velocity are higher in unstratified facies than in stratified facies. The general geometric relations of the reservoir can be inferred from a correct identification of the facies. Correlation of borehole data with (3D PS) seismic data enables the seismic to be used as a lithology indicator. A modified interpretation of sandbody geometry is made that incorporates sand injection features and provides a more accurate reservoir model. North SeaTertiaryIinternal-pdf://Duranti et al. (2002)-2973483008/Duranti et al. (2002).pdf?Q Durst, H.1991LAspects of exploration history and structural style in the Rhine graben area247-261@Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons1 Spencer, A.M.BerlinJSpecial Publication of the European Association of Petroleum GeoscientistsPetroleum GeologyGermanyGeneric7internal-pdf://Durst (1991)-1505577745/Durst (1991).pdf?R Dusar, M.1990dInterpretatie der boorgatmetingen in de boringen Halen (KB 131) en Geverik-1 (NL Limburg, Gem. Beek)5--BrusselBelgische Geologische DienstGeology-Netherlands and Belgium Carboniferous?S Dusar, M.2006Namurian163-175Geologica Belgica9 Dejonghe, L. StratigraphyBelgium Carboniferous/internal-pdf://Namurian-2792724994/Namurian.pdf ?T Dusar, M.2006 Chokierian177-187QCurrent status of chronostratigraphic units named from Belgium and adjacent areas9/1-2 Dejonghe, L.BrusselsGeologica Belgica StratigraphyBelgium Carboniferous3internal-pdf://Chokierian-3027594754/Chokierian.pdf?UDusar, M. Houlleberghs, E.1981SDe steenkool verkenningsboring van Neerglabbeek (Boring 146 van het Kempens bekken)UnknownAnnalen der Mijnen van België11 StratigraphyBelgium Carboniferous?V!Dusar, M. Lagrou, D.2008Paleokarst-enhanced reservoir for geothermics and gas storage in Carboniferous limestone (Campine Basin, NW European Carboniferous Basin)43-51Karst from Recent to Reservoirs14CSasowsky, I.D. Feazel, C.T. Mylroie, J.E. Palmer, A.N. Palmer, M.V. Rapid City+Karst Waters Institute Special Publication Carbonate sedimentologyBelgium Carboniferous;internal-pdf://Dusar & Lagrou-2939888898/Dusar & Lagrou.pdf!?W?Dusar, Michiel Paproth, Eva Streel, Maurice Bless Martin, J. M.2000Palaeogeographic and palaeoenvironmental characteristics of major marine incursions in northwestern Europe during the Westphalian C (Bolsovian)331-347Geologica Belgica33-4alluvial-plains biostratigraphy- Bivalvia- Bolsovian- Brachiopoda- Carboniferous- clastic-rocks Europe- fluvial-features Foraminifera- Inarticulata- Invertebrata- Lingula- lithostratigraphy- microfossils- miospores- models- Mollusca- paleoecology- paleoenvironment- paleogeography- Paleozoic- palynomorphs- Protista- sea-level-changes sedimentary-rocks tonstein- transgression- Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Westphalian- StratigraphyPalaeogeography$The Westphalian C was a time of marked tectonic and climatic changes within the Variscan Foreland, but our understanding of these changes is hampered by a poor appreciation of large-scale palaeogeography and palaeogeographic evolution within this key stratigraphic interval. The distribution of tonsteins, marine bands and faunal occurrences related to marine incursions or the proximity of marine conditions in Britain and on the European mainland during the Westphalian C (Bolsovian) is briefly summarised. The favoured environmental conditions of some selected fossil taxa (Lingula, arenaceous foraminifers, Geisina, conchostracan faunas and Torispora producing tree ferns) are highlighted. A palaeogeographic model shows the relationship between major sedimentary facies belts in the Westphalian C of western Europe and the influence of major marine incursions on the distribution pattern of incursion-related faunas. The frequent succession of transgressive-regressive faunal phases in beds with marine faunas and the close correlation between the distribution of these beds and the distribution of upper delta plain environments in the Westphalian C of northwestern Europe suggest that marine incursions were long-lived, related to glacio-eustatic events, and cannot be regarded as catastrophic "flash floods".Western Europe Carboniferous@?XDvorak, Jaroslav1973dDie Quer-Gliederung des Rheinischen Schiefergebirges und die Tektogenese des Siegener Antiklinoriums133-152/Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie1432?anticlinoria- Central-Europe environmental-analysis Europe- evolution- faults- folds- geologic- geosynclines- Germany- Hercynian- lithofacies- maps- Paleozoic- Rhenish-Schiefergebirge sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- Siegen-Anticlinorium structural-geology structure- tectonics- transverse- Variscan- Structural-geologyStructural GeologyGermany Palaeozoich?Y Dybkjaer, K.1998Palynological dating of the Mandal Formation (uppermost Jurassic-lowermost Cretaceous, Norwegian Central Graben) and correlation to organic-rich shales in the Danish sector495-503Marine and Petroleum Geology15 PalaeontologyDenmarkJurassic-Cretaceous7internal-pdf://Dybkjaer1998-1561819911/Dybkjaer1998.pdf}?Z$Dyke, G.J. Schulp, A.S. Jagt, J.W.M.2008@Bird remains from the Maastrichtian type area (Late Cretaceous) 353-358"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences874 PalaeontologyRemains of Late Cretaceous birds are rare, which is especially true for Europe and the type area of the Maastrichtian Stage (southeast Netherlands, northeast Belgium) in particular. In the present paper, we record new remains (isolated tarsometatarsus and radius) that document the presence of both enantiornithine and ornithurine birds in the Maastrichtian area. These fossils, although fragmentary, are important in view of their stratigraphic age: all bird remains discovered to date in the Maastricht area are amongst the youngest ‘non-modern’ avians known, originating from strata deposited less than 500,000 years prior to the end of the Cretaceous Period. Netherlands Cretaceous?[Eagar, R. M. C.1951rVariation with respect to petrological differences in a thin band of Upper Carboniferous non-marine Lamellibranchs161-190'Liverpool Manchester Geological Journal10 MineralogyUK Carboniferous ?\ Eames, T.D.1975BCoal rank and gas source relationships for Rotliegendes reservoirs191-7Petroleum and the Continental shelf of northwest Europe1Woodland, A.W.LondonAppl. Sc. Publ.Petroleum GeologyWestern Europe Rotliegend?] KEbbing, J.H.J. Weerts, H.J.T. Westerhoff, W.E. Cleveringa, P. De Lang, F.D.1999.De lithostratigrafische indeling van Nederland3899-141-BHaarlemTNO-NITG Stratigraphy NetherlandsCenozoicK?^,Eder, F.W. Engel, W. Franke, W. Sadler, P.M.1983sDevonian and Carboniferous limestone-turbidites of the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge and their tectonic significance 93-124Intracontinental Fold Belts-Martin, H. Eder, F.W.BerlinSpringerClastic sedimentologyGermanyDevonian-Carboniferous?_Edtinger, F.R.1973MErdgas-Exploration und -Produktion in der niederländischen Konzession Bergen279-282Erdöl-Erdgas Zeitschrift89Petroleum Geology Netherlands Rotliegend?`'Eggink, J.W. Riegstra, D.E. Suzanne, P.1996SUsing 3D seismic to understand the structural evolution of the UK Central North Sea83-96Petroleum Geoscience2Structural Geology North SeaGeneric?a Ehlers, J.1990MReconstructing the dynamics of the north-west European Pleistocene ice-sheets71-83Quaternary Science Reviews9GeologyWestern EuropeCenozoic?b&Ehlers, J. Meyer, K.-D. Stephan, H.-J.19841Pre-Weichselian glaciations of north-west Germany255-265Journal of Quaternary Sciences43GeologyGermanyCenozoic?c%Eigenfeld, R.W.F. Eigenfeld-Mende, I.1986lNiederländische permokarbone basische Magmatite als Fortsetzung der spilisierten Effusiva in NW-Deutschland11-21%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst40 MagmatismNetherlands and GermanyPermian-Carboniferous ?d-Elvebakk, Geir Hunt, David W. Stemmerik, Lars2002From isolated buildups to buildup mosaics; 3D seismic sheds new light on upper Carboniferous-Permian fault controlled carbonate buildups, Norwegian Barents Sea7-17Sedimentary Geology1521-2,Arctic-Ocean Barents-Sea carbonate-platforms carbonate-rocks Carboniferous- depositional-environment Loppa-High marine-environment mosaics- Norwegian-Sea Paleozoic- Permian- sedimentary-rocks structural-controls submarine-environment synsedimentary-processes Upper-Carboniferous Sedimentary-petrology GeophysicsCarbonate buildups are a common feature of many ancient carbonate platforms, and were especially abundant during the Palaeozoic. Our present understanding of buildup distribution, and the ability to better predict their location, is however hampered by the fact that maps of buildups rarely show evidence of widespread spatial organisation and indeed their distribution often appears chaotic. A previously unrecognized pattern of buildup distribution has been revealed by three-dimensional (3D) seismic data recently acquired from the Loppa High, Norwegian Barents Sea. Here, syn-rift Carboniferous-Permian buildups are not isolated but are instead linked into a mosaic of laterally extensive ridges. The buildups' location is controlled by the intersection of three trends of syndepositional faults. Systematic organisation of buildup height, width, density and external form across the study area appears to have been controlled by changes in accommodation space driven by differential subsidence. The buildups were remarkably long-lived and developed over an interval of 35 Ma. Despite this longevity, buildup location remained relatively static and true to the underlying pattern of basement faults, indicating that their progradation was likely restricted by a combination of factors including limited highstand production, their depositional relief <420 m, steep flanks and/or differential subsidence. Study of the buildups' internal seismic geometries, and analogy to well-exposed onshore buildups, indicates that they are composite features, developed through the repeated recolonization of antecedent bathymetric seafloor highs following hiatuses related to both subaerial exposure and drowning. The picture of interconnected buildup mosaics described for the first time here provides important new insights as to the spatial and internal organisation of carbonate buildups and has potentially far-reaching implications for the interpretation of buildups in areas where good 3D control is poor or unavailable.NorwayCarboniferous-PermianIinternal-pdf://Elvebakk et al., 2002-0577001216/Elvebakk et al., 2002.pdf?eEngelen, F.G.H.1989?De kalksteen uit het Boven-Krijt en Onder-Tertiair als delfstof157-172Grondboor en Hamer43Natural resources NetherlandsCretaceous-Tertiairy?fEngelen, F.G.H.1989De exploitatie van bruinkool343-344Grondboor en Hamer43Natural resources NetherlandsTertiary?gEngelen, F.G.H.1989De exploitatie van steenkool349-352Grondboor en Hamer43Natural resources Netherlands Carboniferous?hEngelen, F.G.H.1989Vuursteenwinning en toepassing207-210Grondboor en Hamer43Natural resources NetherlandsCenozoicY?izEpting, M. Walzebuck, J.P. Reijers, T. Kosters, M. Huis in't Veld, R. Pipping, J.C.P. Ormerod, M. Okkerman, J. Amthor, J.1993TRegional trends in reservoir quality of the Rotliegend in the Dutch on- and offshore16215American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin72Petroleum Geology Netherlands Rotliegend?j Erkens, G.2009oSediment dynamics in the Rhine catchment. Quantification of fluvial response to climate change and human impact278UtrechtUtrecht UniversityPalaeogeographyNetherlands and Germany Quaternary?kErren, H. Bredewout, J.W.1991|Model calculations on intrusive cooling and related coalification of the Peel-Erkelenz coalfield The Netherlands and Germany243-252Geologie en Mijnbouw70Petroleum GeologyNetherlands and Germany Carboniferous B?l*Eusterhues, K. Heinrichs, H. Schneider, J.2005jGeochemical response on redox fluctuations in Holocene lake sediments, Lake Steisslingen, southern Germany1-22Chemical Geology2221-2absolute-age Baden-Wurttemberg-Germany biogenic-processes C-14 carbon- carbonate-sediments Cenozoic- Central-Europe chemical-composition dates- diagenesis- Eh- Europe- fluctuations- geochemistry- Germany- Holocene- ICP-mass-spectra indicators- isotopes- lacustrine-environment lacustrine-sedimentation lake-sediments Lake-Steisslingen major-elements mass-balance mass-spectra metals- metasomatism- North-Atlantic-Oscillation paleoclimatology- paleoenvironment- planar-bedding-structures pyrite- pyritization- Quaternary- radioactive-isotopes sedimentary-structures sedimentation- sedimentation-rates sediments- spectra- sulfides- trace-elements varves- Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry(Holocene sediments of Lake Steisslingen record sedimentation under different redox conditions. This is proven by the changing depth of the chemocline and the resulting varying extension of laminated sediments from the deepest part of the lake to shallower water depths. Redox fluctuations are additionally reflected by colour changes between red and green and the quality of the nonglacial varves. Major and trace elements were analysed on bulk sediment samples (period between 8200-6200 and 2650-2000 cal a BP) to test their response to the observed changes in past depositional environments. Mn, Mo, U, Fe and S were found to be redox-sensitive elements in Lake Steisslingen. Fe and S are almost entirely fixed in pyrite, because pyrite formation is limited by Fe availability. A parallel distribution of Mo, U, Fe and S between 8200-7200 cal a BP is interpreted as a signal for syngenetic pyrite formation from anoxic and sulfidic hypolimnetic waters. Since bioproductivity was low this must have been caused by conditions favouring a longterm stable stratification of the lake (i.e. high water level, high summer temperatures, ice cover, wind protection and/or low storm activity). Between 6000-2000 cal a BP frequently changing redox conditions from anoxic to dysoxic are assumed. Mo and U curves are mirror images of the Fe, S and Mn variations. This is interpreted as showing diagenetic pyrite formation from pore waters, which is enhanced during times of high Fe availability under rather oxygenated conditions, i.e. when high input of Fe oxy-hydroxides is possible, but when U and Mo cannot necessarily be fixed in the sediments. Changes from slightly disturbed lamination (dysoxic, restricted mixis) to homogenous sediments (oxic conditions, holomixis) cannot be traced within the geochemical record. The observed redox fluctuations between 6000 and 2000 cal a BP are not correlated to changes in bioproductivity, detrital input or cultural influences and must therefore be of a natural, probably climatic origin. The North Atlantic Oscillation is discussed as a possible cause.GermanyHoloceneMinternal-pdf://Eusterhues et al (2005)-3704461569/Eusterhues et al (2005).pdfc?mEvans, D.J. Holloway, S.2009TA review of onshore UK salt deposits and their potential for underground gas storage39-80ZUnderground gas storage; worldwide experiences and future development in the UK and Europe313Evans, D.J. Chadwick, R.A.London&Geological Society Special PublicationPetroleum GeologyUKGeneric?nEvans, D.J. Kirby, G.A.1999yThe architecture of concealed Dinantian carbonate sequences over the Central Lancashire and Holme highs, northern England297-312/Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society52Carbonate sedimentologyUK CarboniferousW?o"Evans, D.J. Meneilly, A. Brown, G.1992JSeismic facies analysis of Westphalian sequences of the southern North Sea578-589Marine and Petroleum Geology96vAtlantic-Ocean Carboniferous- coal-fields Coal-Measures geophysical-methods geophysical-surveys lithofacies- migration- North-Atlantic North-Sea Paleozoic- petroleum- reservoir-rocks seismic-methods seismograms- sequence-stratigraphy stratigraphy- surveys- synthetic-seismograms Upper-Carboniferous Westphalian- Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Applied-geophysics Geophysics North Sea CarboniferousE?p(Evans, J. A. Chisholm, J. I. Leng, M. J.2001\How U-Pb detrital monazite ages contribute to the interpretation of the Pennine Basin infill741-744+Journal of the Geological Society of London158Part 5)absolute-age Carboniferous- central-England chemical-composition clastic-rocks dates- England- Europe- Great-Britain lithostratigraphy- monazite- paleogeography- Paleozoic- Pennines- phosphates- provenance- sandstone- sedimentary-rocks U-Pb United-Kingdom Western-Europe Stratigraphy Geochronology MineralogyNew U-Pb ages on detrital monazite from the Carboniferous of central England show a clear difference between populations from northerly and southeasterly derived sandstones. The northern source was responsible for most of the detritus that entered the basin during Namurian times and is dominated by monazites of Scandian age with normally distributed (super 235) U/ (super 207) Pb ages averaging 420+ or -7 Ma (2sigma ). One older grain gives a Proterozoic age of 2040+ or -1.4 Ma (2sigma ). The data suggest a source region within the Scandian orogen. Southeasterly derived sediments are more heterogeneous and show a range of Variscan, Acadian, Ordovician and Sveconorwegian ages. Variscan uplifting of terranes of central Europe would provide a suitable source for this assemblage.UK Carboniferous\?q }Eysink, W.D. Dijkema, K.S. van Dobben, H.F. Slim, P.A. Smit, C.J. de Vlas, J. Sanders, M.E. Wiertz, J. Schouwenberg, E.P.A.G.2000UMonitoring effecten van bodemdaling op Ameland-Oost - evaluatie na 13 jaar gaswinning----4Begeleidingscommissie monitoring bodemdaling Ameland Subsidence- NetherlandsGeneric?r Faber, F.J.19609Geologie van Nederland, part IV. Aanvullende hoofdstukken607- GorinchemNoordduyn & ZnGeology NetherlandsGeneric?s Fabian, H.-J.1958 Die Aufschlußbohrung Straeten 111-288Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen1 StratigraphyGermanyCenozoic?t'Fabricius, I.L. Røgen, B. Gommesen, L.2007How depositional texture and diagenesis control petrophysical and elastic properties of samples from five North Sea chalk fields81-95Petroleum Geoscience134 DiagenesisDenmarkChalk?uFalcon, N.L. Kent, P.E.1960>Geological results of petroleum exploration in Britain 1945-57562-*Memoir of the geological Society of LondonPetroleum GeologyUKGeneric?vFan, L. Sun Vandenberghe, N.1989.Geothermal demonstration activities in Belgium612-622WInternational Seminar on the Results of EC Geothermal Energy Research and Demonstration4Belgium- Douvrain- economic-geology Europe- exploration- geothermal-energy Ghlin- Hainaut-Belgium injection- Mons-Basin pilot-plants programs- reservoir-rocks Saint-Ghislain Western-Europe Economic-geology,-economics-of-energy-sources GeothermicsBelgiumGenericE?w Felder, P.J.1988}Lithologic and bioclastic aspects of the Maastrichtian type area between Maastricht (The Netherlands) and Halembaye (Belgium)41-55-The Chalk District of the Euregio Meuse-Rhine-Streel, M. Bless, M. J. M.--Carbonate sedimentologyNetherlands and Belgium Cretaceous?xFelder, P.J. Bless, M.J.M.1986%Geologie van Zuid-Limburg en omgeving163-184Grondboor en Hamer40Geology NetherlandsGeneric ?yFelder, P.J. Bless, M.J.M.1989qBiostratigraphy and ecostratigraphy of Late Cretaceous deposits in the Kunrade area South-Limburg, SE Netherlands31-45,Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique112 Stratigraphy Netherlands Cretaceous?z XFelder, P.J. Bless, M.J.M. Demyttenaere, R. Dusar, M. Meessen, J.P.M.Th. Robaszynski, F.1985Upper Cretaceous to Early Tertiary deposits (Santonian - Paleocene) in northwestern Belgium and South Limburg (the Netherlands) with reference to the Campanian-Maastrichtian151214--Belgische Geologische DienstPalaeogeography-Netherlands and BelgiumCretaceous-Tertiairy?{.Felder, P.J. Bless, M.J.M. Meessen, J.P.M.T.1985pBioclasten, ostracoden en foraminiferen in het Campanien en Maastrichtien van Zuid-Limburg en Noord-Oost België163-198Grondboor en Hamer39 PalaeontologyNetherlands and Belgium CretaceousM?|Felder, P.J. Boonen, L.G.M. 1988Gamma-ray measurements of Upper Cretaceous to Pleistocene deposits in South Limburg (SE Netherlands) and northern Liège (NE Belgium)17-24$The Chalk of the Euregio Meuse-Rhine-Streel, M. Bless, M. J. M.--GeologyNetherlands and BelgiumCretaceous-Cenozoic ?}!(Felder, P.J. Felder, W.M. Bromley, R.G.1980(The type area of the Maastrichtian Stage118-137aThe Upper Cretaceous and Danian of N.W. Europe. Guide to excursion A-69. 26th Int. Geol. Congress--Paris- Stratigraphy NetherlandsCretaceous-Tertiairy?~ Felder, W.M.1973AKalkstenen in het Boven-Krijt van Zuid-Limburg en hun exploitatie51-62MVerhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap29Natural resources Netherlands CretaceousR? Felder, W.M.1975dLithostratigrafie van het Boven-Krijt en het Dano-Montien in Zuid-Limburg en het aangrenzende gebied63-72>Toelichting bij de geologische overzichtskaarten van Nederland#Zagwijn, W.H. Van Staalduinen, C.J.HaarlemRijks Geologische Dienst Stratigraphy NetherlandsCretaceous-Tertiairy? Felder, W.M.1980Krijt31-57vToelichting bij de geologische kaart van Nederland 1:50.000, Blad Heerlen 62 W oostelijke helft, 62 O westelijke helft Kuyl, O.S.HaarlemRijks Geologische DienstGeology Netherlands Cretaceous!? Felder, W. M.19819Geschiedenis van de geologische kartering in Zuid-Limburg65-81Grondboor en Hamer3}areal-geology cartography- Europe- history- Limburg-Netherlands maps- Netherlands- South-Limburg Western-Europe Geologic-mapsHistory NetherlandsGeneric? Felder, W.M.1996oHistorical overview of lithostratigraphic research on the Upper Cretaceous of southern Limburg, the Netherlands287-300Geologie en Mijnbouw74History Netherlands Cretaceous?Felder, W.M. Engelen, F.G.H.1989$Metaalertsen in de bodem van Limburg371-376Grondboor en Hamer43Natural resources NetherlandsGeneric ?Fermont, W.J.J.1988Possible causes of abnormal vitrinite reflectance values in paralic deposits of the Carboniferous in the Achterhoek area, The Netherlands401-411Organic Geochemistry12Organic geochemistry Netherlands Carboniferous?,Fermont, W.J.J. Laar, J.G.M. van de Veld, H.1990<Maturity indicators in the Westphalian key well Kemperkoul-1172%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst45Organic geochemistry Netherlands Carboniferous?Fermont, W.J.J. Smit, R.19901A maturity evaluation of northwestern Netherlands172-173%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst45 Geothermics NetherlandsGenericW?5Fichler, C, Henriksen, S. Rueslaatten, H. Hovland, M.2005oNorth Sea Quaternary morphology from seismic and magnetic data: indications for gas hydrates during glaciation?331-337Petroleum Geoscience11Petroleum Geology North SeaCenozoicGinternal-pdf://Fichler et al (2005)-1181316096/Fichler et al (2005).pdf ?!Fielitz, Werner Mansy Jean, Louis1999Pre- and synorogenic burial metamorphism in the Ardenne and neighbouring areas (Rhenohercynian Zone, Central European Variscides)227-256Tectonophysics3091-4Hanchimetamorphism- Ardennes- Belgium- Brabant-Massif burial-metamorphism Caledonian-Orogeny Central-Europe clay-minerals color-alteration-index crystallinity- diagenesis- Eifel- Europe- field-studies fluid-inclusions Germany- illite- inclusions- metamorphic-rocks metamorphism- mineral-assemblages orogeny- overprinting- Paleozoic- polyphase-processes Rhenish-Schiefergebirge Rhenohercynian- Rhineland-Palatinate-Germany sheet-silicates silicates- syntectonic-processes thermal-alteration ultrastructure- Variscides- Western-Europe Igneous-and-metamorphic-petrology Structural-geologyBurial historyS The Rhenohercynian zone of the central European Variscides contains in the central Ardenne/Eifel/Brabant/Campine region of Belgium, France, Germany, and Luxemburg an omnipresent thermal overprint, which reaches in places uppermost epizonal conditions. Because of its distribution and structural relationships this metamorphism cannot be explained by a singular tectonometamorphic event. Field and microstructural observations, new illite crystallinity and other data relating to this metamorphism are presented. Together with a review of existing petrological, illite crystallinity, vitrinite reflectance, conodont alteration index, and fluid inclusion data, and their relationship to small- and regional-scale geological structures three distinct geotectonic situations can be described, which overlap and alternate in space and time. (1) The oldest metamorphism, which reached epizonal conditions, can be localized in the pre-Devonian basement rocks of the Brabant Massif and, with minor evidence, of the Stavelot Massif further south. It is clearly related to a pre-Variscan (Caledonian) deformation event and could be of burial origin. (2) The main regional metamorphism affected all Devonian and Carboniferous rocks and the lower Palaeozoic basement highs of the Ardenne/Eifel area. It does not exceed diagenetic conditions in some areas, but reaches maximal values of 500 degrees C and 400 MPa in the Serpont and Rocroi Massif areas ( [Theye] ; [Robion] ). It is pre- to synkinematic to the main Variscan contractional penetrative deformation and correlates well with the age and thickness of the sedimentary cover rocks. The metamorphism is associated with the pre-Carboniferous preorogenic rifting stage of the Rhenohercynian basin and documents the peak of subsidence and sediment accumulation. We interpret it as diastathermal metamorphism. It reaches its maximum in the low-grade metamorphic zones of the Ardenne area, which are inverted synsedimentary structures. (3) The diastathermal metamorphism is overprinted in the central part of the Ardenne/Eifel area (Middle Devonian to Carboniferous rocks of the Dinant Synclinorium) by an anchizonal/beginning epizonal metamorphism. In the foreland basins north of the Midi Fault Zone it reaches diagenetic to lowermost anchizonal conditions. It is the expression of the burial by thick synorogenic mid- to Upper Carboniferous cover rocks, which were deposited in piggyback and foreland basins. This clastic wedge relates to the Carboniferous contraction of the Rhenohercynian basin, whose metamorphosed rocks were themselves affected by the deformation of the advancing orogenic front.BelgiumGenericKinternal-pdf://Fielitz & Mansy (1999)-3371204097/Fielitz & Mansy (1999).pdf?#Fischer, K.D. Jahr, T. Jentzsch, G.2004lEvolution of the Variscan foreland-basin; modelling the interactions between tectonics and surface processes665-671"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth2910basins- Belgium- Brabant-Massif Central-Europe deformation- elastoplastic-materials Europe- foreland-basins numerical-models rheology- tectonics- tectonophysics- Variscides- viscosity- Western-Europe Structural-geologyStructural GeologyThe geology of Western and Central Europe is significantly influenced by the Variscan orogen that developed during Devonian and Carboniferous time. Numerical models are essential in understanding and quantifying the involved endogenous and exogenous processes and their interactions. These are mainly based on the large-scale mass redistribution caused by erosion and fluvial sedimentary transport. The sedimentary mass flux leads to changing loads on the lithosphere and affects therefore the evolution of the orogen and the foreland-basin. The complex feedback-mechanism of the surface and tectonic processes is studied by three-dimensional elastic-plastic numerical models. The calculated uplift rates are used to model the interaction between tectonic and surface processes such as erosion and sedimentation. An iterative application of the numerical models for the tectonic and surface processes yields a detailed view of the evolution of the foreland-basin. The tectonic model itself (excluding surface processes) already shows some of the palinspastically reconstructed important features of the lower Carboniferous like the London-Brabant Massif, and the northward propagation of the Variscan deformation front. The results obtained from the coupled analysis can be compared to studies of the sedimentary record (i.e. time, thickness, and sedimentation rates) and other geological concepts (i.e. stability of geological provinces). The results demonstrate that both processes are essential in understanding the complex structural evolution of the Variscides and their foreland. The numerical approach on the tectonic-surface process interaction can also be applied easily to other geological settings.Europe Palaeozoic|?Fischer, M.M. (editor)1997Holocene142Mededelingen TNO-NITG59Geology NetherlandsHolocene?&Fisher, Q. J. Cliff, R.A. Dodson, M.H.2003OU-Pb systematics of an Upper Carboniferous black shale from South Yorkshire, UK331-347Chemical Geology194 GeochemistryUK CarboniferousEinternal-pdf://Fisher et al (2003)-3747020546/Fisher et al (2003).pdf?Fisher, Q. J. Wignall, P. B.2001Palaeoenvironmental controls on the uranium distribution in an Upper Carboniferous black shale (Gastrioceras listeri Marine Band) and associated strata; England605-621Chemical Geology1753-4actinides- Ammonoidea- anaerobic-environment authigenesis- biofacies- biostratigraphy- Bivalvia- black-shale Carboniferous- Cephalopoda- clastic-rocks concentration- depositional-environment England- Europe- francolite- Gastrioceras-listeri-Marine-Band geochemistry- Goniatites- Goniatitida- Goniatitidae- Great-Britain Invertebrata- lithogeochemistry- marine-environment metals- Middlecliff-Quarry Mollusca- mudstone- paleoenvironment- Paleozoic- phosphates- sea-level-changes sedimentary-rocks sedimentation-rates Sheffield-England Tetrabranchiata- transgression- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous uranium- Western-Europe Westphalian- Yorkshire-England Stratigraphy Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments GeochemistryThe mudrocks associated with the Gastrioceras listeri (G. listeri) Marine Band contain 0 to 200 ppm authigenic uranium. Several geochemical (degree of pyritisation (DOP), C/S ratios and framboidal pyrite size distribution) and palaeontological indicators (oxygen-restricted biofacies (ORB) analysis) suggest that the highest authigenic uranium concentrations are within marine sediments associated with the most oxygen-restricted biofacies (ORBs 2 and 3). The uranium peaks tend to occur at the transition between biofacies rather than within the middle of more persistently anoxic intervals. These horizons may have been deposited when the oxygen minimum zone impinged on the seafloor. Brief oxygenation of an otherwise anoxic environment was conducive to francolite precipitation, which then scavenged dissolved uranium. Slow sedimentation rates are also important in concentrating uranium and francolite. Thus, enriched U values are only encountered under specific conditions of low, but fluctuating, oxygen regime and extremely slow sedimentation rates. Truly euxinic facies, lacking any fossils, and a uniformly small framboid population do not contain high concentrations of francolite and are not U-rich.UK CarboniferousMinternal-pdf://Fisher & Wignall (2001)-0532637696/Fisher & Wignall (2001).pdf?)Flint, Stephen Aitken, John Hampson, Gary1995uApplication of sequence stratigraphy to coal-bearing coastal plain successions; implications for the UK Coal Measures1-16'Geological Society Special Publications82Carboniferous- coal- coal-exploration coal-seams coastal-environment depositional-environment England- Europe- fluvial-environment Great-Britain lithologic-controls marine-environment organic-residues Paleozoic- sea-level-changes sedimentary-rocks sequence-stratigraphy transgression- unconformities- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Westphalian- Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources StratigraphyClastic sedimentologyUK Carboniferous? Fokker, P.A.1995&The behaviour of salt and salt caverns143DelftTechnical UniversityEngineering GeologyGeneric Zechstein?Follows, B. Tyson, R. V.1998Organic facies of the Asbian (Early Carboniferous) Queensferry Beds, lower Oil Shale Group, South Queensferry, Scotland, and a brief comparison with other Carboniferous North Atlantic oil shale deposits821-844Organic Geochemistry294Albert-Formation algae- alginite- aliphatic-hydrocarbons alkanes- amorphous-materials anaerobic-environment Arctic-region aromatic-hydrocarbons Asbian- Atlantic-Ocean biomarkers- Botryococcus- carbon- Carboniferous- Chlorophyta- clastic-rocks depositional-environment Dinantian- East-Greenland Europe- exinite- faults- fusinite- geochemistry- Great-Britain Greenland- hopanes- hopanoids- hydrocarbons- inertinite- kerogen- lacustrine-environment lineaments- lithostratigraphy- Lothian-region-Scotland macerals- microfossils- Midland-Valley mudstone- North-Atlantic oil-shale Oil-Shale-Group organic-compounds paleogeography- Paleozoic- palynomorphs- phytane- phytoclasts- Plantae- pristane- Queensferry-Beds reconstruction- Scotland- sedimentary-rocks semifusinite- shale- South-Queensferry-Scotland steranes- subsidence- sulfur- tectonics- total-organic-carbon triterpanes- United-Kingdom vitrinite- Western-Europe Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sedimentsOrganic geochemistryUK Carboniferousuinternal-pdf://Organic facies of Asbian shales in Scotland-4074648576/Organic facies of Asbian shales in Scotland.pdf?7Fontaine, J.M. Guastella, G. Jouault, P. de la Vega, P.1993LF15-A: a Triassic gas field on the easetrn limit of the Dutch Central Graben583-593HPetroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th conference- Parker, J.R.LondonThe Geological SocietyPetroleum Geology NetherlandsTriassicIinternal-pdf://Fontaine et al (1993)-3126526466/Fontaine et al (1993).pdf? Ford, T.D.1972AEvidence of early stages in the evolution of the Derbyshire karst73-77+Transactions Cave Research Group of Britain142Carbonate sedimentologyUK Carboniferous? Francis, E.H.19706Review of Carboniferous volcanism in England and Wales41-56Journal of Earth Sciences8 MagmatismUK Carboniferous? 3Frank, Friedhelm Zinkernagel, Ulf Füchtbauer, Hans1992GZur Liefergebietsfrage der Sandsteine des Nordwestdeutschen Oberkarbons167- 0171-2187-DGMK Berichte 384-8Carboniferous- Central-Europe clastic-rocks detritus- Europe- fission-tracks Germany- Lower-Saxony-Germany mineral-composition molasse- nesosilicates- North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany Northwestern-German-Plain northwestern-Germany orthosilicates- Paleozoic- provenance- Rhine-Westphalian-Basin sandstone- sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- silicates- stratigraphic-columns textures- Upper-Carboniferous zircon- Sedimentary-petrology Mineralogy-Germany Carboniferous#? Franke, W.1989ATectonostratigraphic units in the Variscan Belt of Central Europe67-901Terranes in the Circum-Atlantic Paleozoic orogens230Dallmeyer, R.D.BoulderGeological Society of Americabasins- Bohemian-Massif Central-Europe continental-crust correlation- crust- Europe- evolution- faults- Gondwana- Hercynian-Orogeny IGCP- low-pressure metamorphism- nappes- oceanic-crust orogeny- paleolatitude- Pan-African-Orogeny plate-collision plate-convergence Precambrian- pressure- Proterozoic- Rhenohercynian-Basin rifting- Saxothuringian-Zone sedimentary-basins structural-geology subduction- tectonics- tectonostratigraphic-units thermal-history three-dimensional-models thrust-faults upper-Precambrian Structural-geologyStructural GeologyEurope Palaeozoic ?Franke, Wolfgang2000wThe mid-European segment of the Variscides; tectonostratigraphic units, terrane boundaries and plate tectonic evolution35-61EOrogenic processes; quantification and modelling in the Variscan Belt179)Franke, W. Haak, V. Oncken, O. Tanner, D.London&Geological Society Special PublicationArmorican-Massif Bohemian-Massif Central-Europe Europe- faults- France- Germany- granites- Hercynian-Orogeny igneous-rocks metamorphism- Moldanubian- orogenic-belts orogeny- Paleozoic- Permian- plate-collision plate-convergence plate-tectonics plutonic-rocks strike-slip-faults tectonostratigraphic-units terranes- Thuringian- Thuringian-Massif Variscides- Western-Europe Solid-earth-geophysicsStructural Geology~The mid-European segment of the Variscides is a tectonic collage consisting of (from north to south): Avalonia, a Silurian-early Devonian magmatic arc, members of the Armorican Terrane Assemblage (ATA: Franconia, Saxo-Thuringia, Bohemia) and Moldanubia (another member of the ATA or part of N Gondwana?). The evolution on the northern flank of the Variscides is complex. Narrowing of the Rheic Ocean between Avalonia and the ATA occurred during the late Ordovician through early Emsian, and was accompanied by formation of an oceanic island arc. By the early Emsian, the passive margin of Avalonia, the island arc and some northern part of the ATA were closely juxtaposed, but there is no tectonometamorphic evidence of collision. Renewed extension in late Emsian time created the narrow Rheno-Hercynian Ocean whose trace is preserved in South Cornwall and at the southern margins of the Rhenish Massif and Harz Mts. Opening of this "successor ocean" to the Rheic left Armorican fragments stranded on the northern shore. These were later carried at the base of thrust sheets over the Avalonian foreland. Closure of the Rheno-Hercynian Ocean in earliest Carboniferous time was followed by deformation of the foreland sequences during the late lower Carboniferous to Westphalian. Closure of narrow oceanic realms on both sides of Bohemia occurred during the mid- and late Devonian by bilateral subduction under the Bohemian microplate. In both these belts (Saxo-Thuringian, Moldanubian), continental lithosphere was subducted to asthenospheric depths, and later partially obducted. Collisional deformation and metamorphism were active from the late Devonian to the late lower Carboniferous in a regime of dextral transpression. The orthogonal component of intra-continental shortening produced an anti-parallel pair of lithospheric mantle slabs which probably joined under the zone of structural parting and became detached. This allowed the ascent of asthenospheric material, with important thermal and rheological consequences. The strike slip displacements were probably in the order of hundreds of kilometres, since they have excised significant palaeogeographic elements.Europe Palaeozoic?Franke, W. Bortfeld, R. K. Brix, M. Drozdzewski, G. Duerbaum, H. J. Giese, P. Janoth, W. Joedicke, H. Reichert, C. Scherp, A. Schmoll, J. Thomas, R. Thuenker, M. Weber, K. Wiesner, M. G. Wong, H. K.1990nCrustal structure of the Rhenish Massif; results of deep seismic reflection lines DEKORP 2-North and 2-North-Q523-566Geologische Rundschau793FCarboniferous- Central-Europe Cretaceous- crust- data-acquisition data-processing deep-seismic-sounding DEKORP- Devonian- Europe- extension-tectonics faults- geophysical-methods Germany- Hesse-Germany listric-faults lower-crust Mesozoic- Mohorovicic-discontinuity Munsterland- North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany Paleozoic- reflection-methods Rhenish-Schiefergebirge Rhenohercynian- Rhine-Westphalian-Basin sea-level-changes seismic-migration structural-geology tectonics- tectonometamorphism- thrust-faults transgression- upper-crust Vibroseis- Solid-earth-geophysics Applied-geophysicsStructural GeologyGermany Palaeozoic? Franke, Wolfgang Engel, Wolfgang1988MTectonic settings of synorogenic sedimentation in the Variscan Belt of Europe8-17YSedimentation in a synorogenic basin complex; the Upper Carboniferous of Northwest Europe-Besly, B. M. Kelling, G.GlasgowBlackiesbasins- Carboniferous- clastic-rocks Devonian- environment- Europe- faults- flysch- Hercynian-Orogeny Namurian- nappes- northwestern-Europe Paleozoic- reconstruction- Rhenohercynian-Zone sedimentary-basins sedimentary-petrology sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- structural-controls subsidence- thrust-faults turbidite- Upper-Carboniferous Variscides- Sedimentary-petrologyStructural GeologyEurope Palaeozoicy? Franz, M.2008Litho- und Leitflächenstratigraphie, Chronostratigraphie, Zyklo- und Sequenzstratigraphie des Keupers im Östlichen Zentraleuropaischen Becken (Deutschland, Polen) und Dänischen Becken (Dänemark, Schweden)266HalleUniversity Halle StratigraphyWestern EuropeTriassic7internal-pdf://Franz (2008)-1379249671/Franz (2008).pdf?Fraser, A. J. Gawthorpe, R. L.1990bTectono-stratigraphic development and hydrocarbon habitat of the Carboniferous in northern England49-86>Tectonic events responsible for Britain's oil and gas reserves55Hardman, R.F.P. Brooks, J.London&Geological Society Special Publication*Carboniferous- economic-geology England- Europe- Great-Britain northern-England Paleozoic- petroleum- petroleum-exploration possibilities- reserves- stratigraphy- structural-geology tectonics- United-Kingdom Western-Europe Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Stratigraphy Structural-geologyPetroleum GeologyUK Carboniferous*?1Fraser, A. J. Nash, D.F. Steele, R.P. Ebdon, C.C.1990IA regional assessment of the intra-Carboniferous play of northern England417-440Classic Petroleum Provinces55 Brooks, J.London'Geological Society Special PublicationsPetroleum GeologyUK Carboniferous?Freudenthal, T.1964Paleobotany of the Mesophytic209-236Actas Botanica Neerlandica13 PalaeontologyGenericGenericT?*Frey-Martinez, J. Cartwright, J. James, D.2006`Frontally confined versus frontally emergent submarine landslides: A 3D seismic characterisation585-604Marine and Petroleum Geology23Clastic sedimentologyGenericGenericUinternal-pdf://Frey-Martinez et al. (2006)-2361668353/Frey-Martinez et al. (2006).pdf/?4Friedrich, G. Bless, M.J.M. Vogtmann Wiechowski, A.1987{Lead-zinc mineralization in Dinantian rocks of boreholes Thermae 2000 and Thermae 2002 Valkenburg a-d Geul, the Netherlands59-75,Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique110 Mineralogy Netherlands Carboniferousd? Frikken, H.W.1996yCBIL logs: vital for evaluating disappointing well and reservoir performance, K15- FG field, central offshore Netherlands103-114,Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands-/Rondeel, H.E. Batjes, D.A.J. Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. DordrechtKluwer Academic PublishersPetroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric_? Frikken, H.W.1996qSub-horizontal drilling: remedy for underperforming Rotliegend gasfields, L13 block, central offshore Netherlands115-124,Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands-/Rondeel, H.E. Batjes, D.A.J. Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. DordrechtKluwer Academic PublishersPetroleum Geology Netherlands Rotliegend? Frikken, H.W.1998cDrenthe Carboniferous study: New concepts, analogues, geometry data and thoughts on the way forward---AssenNAMPetroleum Geology- Netherlands Carboniferous? Frikken, H.W.1999^Reservoir-geological aspects of productivity and connectivity of gas fields in the Netherlands92DelftTechnical University Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric?!Frikken, H.W. Stark, J.B.1994ZCharacter and performance of small Rotliegend gas reservoirs, Central Offshore Netherlands41-50jNorth Sea oil and gas reservoirs - III, Proceedings of the 3rd North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoirs Conference-LAasen, J.O. Buller, A.T. Hjelmeland, O. Holt, R.M. Kleppe, J. Torsæter, O. Trondheim-Petroleum Geology North Sea RotliegendW?&Frost, R.T.C. Fitch, F.J. Miller, J.A.1981EThe age and nature of the crystalline basement of the North Sea Basin43-57bPetroleum geology of the Continental Shelf of North-West Europe: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference-Illing, L.V. Hobson, G.D.LondonInstitute of PetroleumGeology North Sea Palaeozoic? gFuechtbauer, H. Jankowski, B. David, E. David, F. Frank, F. Kraft, T. Sedat, B. Selter, V. Strehlau, K.1991.Sedimentologie des nordwestdeutchen Oberkarbon75-116468 0937-9762-NBerichte Deutsche Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft fuer Erdoel, Erdgas and Kohlebbraided-streams carbonates- Carboniferous- Central-Europe clastic-rocks clasts- coal-seams cyclic-processes diagenesis- Europe- eustacy- framework-silicates Germany- macerals- molasse- Paleozoic- porosity- quartz- red-beds sandstone- sedimentary-rocks siderite- silica-minerals silicates- soils- spores- streams- Upper-Carboniferous Sedimentary-petrologyClastic sedimentologyGermany Carboniferous?o=Gaarenstoom, L. Tromp, R.A.J. de Jong, M.C. Brandenburg, A.M.1993[Overpressures in the Central North Sea: implications for trap integrity and drilling safety 1305-1313HPetroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th conference4 Parker, J.R.LondonThe Geological SocietyPetroleum Geology North SeaGeneric? GAPS1994,Coalbed methane potential of the Netherlands60--WarmondGAPS Nederland B.V.Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric0?$Garrett, S.W. Atherton, T. Hurst, A.2000LLower Cretaceous deep-water sandstone reservoirs of the UK Central North Sea231-240Petroleum Geoscience63Petroleum GeologyThe Lower Cretaceous deep-water depositional system of the Central North Sea is emerging as a significant economic target. It contains a broad range of sedimentary facies and architecture. Thick sands were deposited by high-density sediment gravity flows. Unusual banded and mixed slurried facies represent the products of processes transitional between turbidity currents and debris flows. Shale-prone units show evidence of debris flows and post-depositional down-slope movement. Geometrical architectural elements include narrow linear incised channels, broad linear sand-rich fairways, prograding sand lobes and laterally extensive sheets. Models for exploration and production are refined by core magnetic measurements, automated quantitative petrography, detailed structural analyses and biostratigraphical zonations. Key remaining challenges are refining depositional models to aid prediction of lateral facies variations, understanding trap mechanisms and geometry and improving images of sandstone units on seismic data. North Sea CretaceousGinternal-pdf://Garrett et al (2000)-0824575488/Garrett et al (2000).pdf'?9Gaupp, R. Matter, A. Platt, J. Ramseyer, K. Walzebuck, J.1993iDiagenesis and fluid evolution of deeply buried Permian (Rotliegendes) gas reservoirs, Northwest Germany 1111-11285American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin77 DiagenesisGermany Rotliegend=?Gaupp, R. Schoener, R.2005^Contrasting red bed diagenesis: the southern and northern margin of the Central European Basin897-916'International Journal of Earth Sciences94 DiagenesisWestern EuropeGenericMinternal-pdf://Gaupp & Schoener (2005)-3127489025/Gaupp & Schoener (2005).pdf"?.Gauthier, B.D.M. Franssen, R.C.W.M. Drei, S.2000{Fracture networks in Rotliegend gas reservoirs of the reservoirs of the Dutch offshore: Implication for reservoir behaviour45-57"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences79Petroleum Geology Netherlands Rotliegend? Gautier, D.L.2003ZCarboniferous-Rotliegend total petroleum system description and assessment results summary1-24U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin2211Petroleum GeologyNorthwest Europe Palaeozoic?iGaviglio, P. Bekri, S. Vandycke, S. Adler, P.M. Schroeder, C. Bergerat, F. Darquennes, A. Coulon, M.2009!Faulting and deformation in chalk194-207Journal of Structural Geology312Structural GeologyGeneric Cretaceous?Gawthorpe, R. L. Gutteridge, P.1990kGeometry and evolution of platform-margin bioclastic shoals, late Dinantian (Mississippian), Derbyshire, UK39-544Carbonate platforms; facies, sequences and evolution9>Tucker, M.E. Wilson, J.L. Crevello, P.D. Sarg, J.R. Read, J.F.OxfordHSpecial Publication of the International Association of SedimentologistsAsbian- Brigantian- carbonate-platforms Carboniferous- clastic-rocks cyclic-processes depositional-environment Derbyshire-England Dinantian- England- Europe- Great-Britain marine-environment Mississippian- Paleozoic- reefs- sandstone- sea-level-changes sedimentary-petrology sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- shelf-environment transgression- United-Kingdom upper-Dinantian Western-Europe Sedimentary-petrologyCarbonate sedimentologySerialUK CarboniferousYinternal-pdf://Gawthorpe & Gutteridge (1990)-0201116934/Gawthorpe & Gutteridge (1990).pdf?-Gawthorpe, R. L. Gutteridge, P. Leeder, M. R.1989OLate Devonian and Dinantian basin evolution in northern England and North Wales1-23VThe role of tectonics in Devonian and Carboniferous sedimentation in the British Isles6*Arthurton, R.S. Gutteridge, P. Nolan, S.C.-3Occasional Publication Yorkshire Geological Society3basins- Carboniferous- controls- Devonian- Dinantian- England- Europe- extension-tectonics Great-Britain northern-Wales Paleozoic- sedimentary-basins sedimentation- structural-controls structural-geology tectonics- United-Kingdom Upper-Devonian Wales- Western-Europe Structural-geology Sedimentary-petrologyStructural GeologyUKDevonian-CarboniferousKinternal-pdf://Gawthorpe et al (1989)-3353864198/Gawthorpe et al (1989).pdfv?;Gayer, R.A. Cole, J.E. Greiling, R.O. Hecht, C. Jones, J.A.1993bComparative evolution of coal bearing foreland basins along the Variscan Northern margin in Europe47-82(Rhenohercynian and subvariscan foldbelts&Gayer, R.A. Greiling, R.O. Vogel, A.K. WiesbadenInternational Monograph seriesStructural GeologyWestern Europe Carboniferous6?,Gayer, R. A. Rose, M. Dehmer, J. Shao, L. Y.1999Impact of sulphur and trace element geochemistry on the utilization of a marine-influenced coal; case study from the South Wales Variscan foreland basin151-174%International Journal of Coal Geology402-3Amman-Rider-Seam arsenic- bituminous-coal Bute-Seam Carboniferous- coal- copper- Europe- Great-Britain Hercynian-Orogeny lead- Llanilid-Mine metals- nickel- orogeny- Paleozoic- petrography- sedimentary-rocks South-Wales sulfur- trace-elements United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous utilization- Wales- Western-Europe Westphalian- Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry Incremental channel samples through two high volatile A bituminous coal seams, the Amman Rider and Bute seams, below and above the Vanderbeckei Marine Band at the Westphalian A/B boundary, have been analysed using proximate, petrographic, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) techniques. The results show that both coals are vitrinite-rich and indicate a similar history of palaeomire development, with a period of falling water tables towards the middle plies of each seam. Mean sulphur contents in the coal with the marine roof, the Amman Rider seam (4.19 wt.%) are almost 4 times higher than in the coal with a non-marine roof, the Bute seam (1.09 wt.%), implying that high sulphur contents are derived from sea water sulphate. In both coals, sulphur is predominantly in the form of pyritic sulphur. Both syngenetic, framboidal and euhedral crystals, and epigenetic vein and cleat-fill pyrite are present. Relatively constant levels of organic sulphur at around 2% have been recorded in the Amman Rider seam. Sulphur levels in the basal and top plies of each seam are at least twice that of the ply with the lowest sulphur content in the seam, reflecting the stages in palaeomire development most strongly influenced by sulphate-containing waters. Thorium/Uranium ratios are below 2.9 in the coal with a marine roof, the Amman Rider seam, indicating an enrichment of U from sea water, most marked at the top and bottom of the seam. The seam without a marine roof shows Th/U ratios between 2.5 and 4.9, indicating mild marine enrichment of U. The concentrations of environmentally significant trace elements (ESEs) are correlated with either the ash or sulphur contents, or both. The correlation between S and Pb, As, Cu, Ni in the coal with a marine roof implies an origin of these ESEs from sea water and their mode of occurrence in sulphide minerals. Most ESEs in this coal are present at levels at least twice that of the global average in coals, the exceptions being Pb and Zn which have concentrations less than half the global average. By contrast, the coal without a marine roof and with lower sulphur contents has most ESEs present at concentrations less than a third of the global average, the exceptions being Ni and Cu. Diagenetic hydrothermal activity is documented in the middle ply of the coal with a marine roof. This hydrothermal system redistributed the sulphur, Pb and As in this ply. The principal utilization of bituminous coals in the South Wales coalfield is as feed coals in power station boilers. The resultant concentration of most ESEs in the solid residues from power plant coal combustion theoretically can be alleviated by careful blending of feed coals with low and high ESE contents.UK CarboniferousCinternal-pdf://Gayer et al (1999)-2881508608/Gayer et al (1999).pdf ? Gdula, J.E.1983ZReservoir geology, structural framework and petrophysical aspects of the De Wijk gas field191-202Geologie en Mijnbouw62Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric7internal-pdf://Gdula (1983)-2670041856/Gdula (1983).pdf? Geertsma, J.1973NA basic theory of subsidence due to reservoir compaction: the homogeneous case43MVerhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap28 SubsidenceGenericGeneric$?Geertsma, J. Opstal, G. van1973sA numerical technique for predicting subsidence above compacting reservoirs, based on the nucleus of strain concept63-78MVerhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap28 SubsidenceGenericGeneric?Geiger, M.E. Hopping, C.A.19685Triassic stratigraphy of the southern North Sea Basin1-369Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London254 Stratigraphy North SeaTriassic 3?IGeluk, Mark de Haan, Harald Schroot, Barthold Wolters, Ben Nio Swie, Djin2002]The Permo-Carboniferous gas play, Cleaver Bank high area, southern North Sea, the Netherlands877-894&Carboniferous and Permian of the World19(Hills, L.V. Henderson, C.M. Bamber, E.W.-/Memoir Canadian Society of Petroleum GeologistsCAtlantic-Ocean Bashkirian- Carboniferous- clastic-rocks claystone- Cleaver-Bank coal- controls- correlation- cyclostratigraphy- Europe- folds- geophysical-methods geophysical-profiles geophysical-surveys high-resolution-methods history- Kazanian- mapping- maturity- Maurits-Formation Mississippian- Moscovian- Namurian- natural-gas Netherlands- North-Atlantic North-Sea offshore- oil-wells paleorelief- Paleozoic- Permian- petroleum- petroleum-exploration reservoir-rocks Rotliegendes- sedimentary-rocks seismic-methods seismic-profiles seismic-stratigraphy sequence-stratigraphy Serpukhovian- source-rocks southern-North-Sea surveys- tectonics- three-dimensional-models unconformities- Upper-Carboniferous Upper-Mississippian Upper-Permian well-logs Western-Europe Westphalian- Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources StratigraphyPetroleum GeologyWThe Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO -- National Geological Survey, carried out an assessment of the Permo-Carboniferous gas play in the NW offshore area of the Netherlands. For this study, 3D seismic data have been integrated with computerised high-resolution cyclostratigraphic analysis of the Carboniferous and overlying Permian succession in wells. The gas play has been explored in both the Dutch and the UK part of the Southern North Sea. This study established a new approach to this play. Source rocks are formed by Westphalian (Bashkirian) coal-measures of low maturity and highly mature Namurian (Serpukhovian) marine hot-shales. Clastic reservoir rocks are present in several confined intervals: Namurian, Westphalian A-B, Westphalian C-D (Moscovian) and the basal Upper Rotliegend (Kazanian). The occurrence of Carboniferous sandstones is controlled by climatic variations. The distribution of the basal Upper Rotliegend sandstones is related to the paleotopography, which was controlled by the greater resistance of cemented Carboniferous sandstones in contrast to softer coal-bearing claystones. The lows were filled with aeolian sands, whereas on the ridges little or no sands were preserved. The prediction is complicated by the fact that up to five regional unconformities amalgamate into one single unconformity in the study area. The structural configuration of the Carboniferous deposits constitutes a major exploration risk. The structural style exists of the Carboniferous differs of that of the overlying succession, and includes wrench tectonics and large-scale folding. Increasing the exploration success can be achieved by the integration of detailed 3D mapping of the intra-Carboniferous succession, high-resolution stratigraphic correlations of the Carboniferous and the understanding of the palaeotopography of the pre-Permian surface. NetherlandsCarboniferous-Permian? Geluk, M.C.1988'Geological aspects of geothermal energy61-75.Geothermal energy and heat storage in aquifers40 Hooghart.J.C. The Hague*TNO Communication on Hydrological Research Geothermics NetherlandsGeneric? Geluk, M.C.19905The Cenozoic Roer Valley Graben, southern Netherlands65-72%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst44Geology NetherlandsCenozoic9? Geluk, M.C.1995Stratigraphische Gliederung der Z2-(Staßfurt-) Salzfolge in den Niederlanden: Beschreibung und Anwendung bei der Interpretation von halokinetisch gestörten Sequenzen458-4653Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft146 Stratigraphy Netherlands Zechstein"? Geluk, M.C.1997UPalaeogeographic maps of Moscovian and Artinskian: contributions from the Netherlands229-234'Peri-Tetheys stratigraphic correlations19 Crasquin-Soleau, S. De Wever, P.- GeodiversitasPalaeogeography NetherlandsCarboniferous-Permian? Geluk, M.C.1998%Internal tectonics of salt structures237-251Journal of Seismic Exploration7Structural GeologyGeneric Zechstein ?! Geluk, M.C.1998ERifting in the Zechstein - models and implications for HC exploration-XProceedings of the symposium on behalf of the retirement of Mr. Ab van Adrichem Boogaert--Haarlem-Petroleum Geology Netherlands Zechstein? Geluk, M.C.1999bLate Permian (Zechstein) rifting in the Netherlands: models and implications for petroleum geology189-199Petroleum Geoscience5Structural GeologyMultidisciplinary studies in the Netherlands have revealed two new phases of late Variscan extensional faulting during the Late Permian. The names Tubantian I and II are proposed in this paper. Tubantian I movements were triggered by rapid deposition and loading of anhydrite upon a differentiated basement, in combination with mild E–W extension. A series of small pull-apart basins and tilted fault blocks formed and local collapse occurred of the Variscan Front. The relief was subsequently filled with carbonates and evaporites of the Z1 (Werra) Formation. Fault movements stopped prior to deposition of the Z2 (Stassfurt) Formation. Tubantian II movements caused uplift and erosion, especially in the southern onshore Netherlands. Contemporaneously, sandy erosional products were deposited in the southwestern offshore area of the Netherlands and the adjacent UK sector and playa-type halites and claystones accumulated in the central parts of the basin. Three features have implications for hydrocarbon exploration: the early formation of fault/dip closed structures shortly after deposition of the Upper Rotliegend; the reorganization of the fluid-flow system and the deposition of contemporaneous sandy deposits. Netherlands Zechstein7internal-pdf://Geluk (1999)-4078184448/Geluk (1999).pdf9? Geluk, M.C.1999]Palaeogeographic and structural development of the Triassic in the Netherlands - new insights545-570QThe Epicontinental Triassic - Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontology Teil I7-8Bachmann, G.H. Lerche, I.Halle-Palaeogeography NetherlandsTriassic? Geluk, M.C.2000?Late Permian (Zechstein) carbonate-facies maps, the Netherlands17-27"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences79Palaeogeography Netherlands Zechstein? Geluk, M.C.2005[Stratigraphy and tectonics of Permo-Triassic basins in the Netherland and surrounding areas171UtrechtUtrecht University StratigraphyWestern EuropePermian-Triassic)internal-pdf://Geluk-2128931840/Geluk.pdf? Geluk, M.C.2007Permian63-84Geology of the Netherlands'Wong, Th.E. Batjes, D.A.J. de Jager, J. Amsterdam(Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences and ArtsGeology NetherlandsPermian7internal-pdf://Geluk (2007)-3735060224/Geluk (2007).pdf? Geluk, M.C.2007Triassic85-106Geology of the Netherlands'Wong, Th.E. Batjes, D.A.J. de Jager, J. Amsterdam(Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences and ArtsGeology NetherlandsTriassic9internal-pdf://Geluk (2007b)-0312606976/Geluk (2007b).pdf?!0Geluk, M.C. Bruckner-Röhling, S. Röhling, H.G.2000]Salt occurrences in the Netherlands and Germany: New insights in the formation of salt basins131-136+Proceedings of the 8th World Salt Symposium---- EvaporitesGeneric Zechstein?VGeluk, M.C. Duin, E.J.Th. Dusar, M. Rijkers, R.H.B. Berg, M.W. van den Rooijen, P. van19944Stratigraphy and tectonics of the Roer Valley Graben129-141Geologie en Mijnbouw73 Stratigraphy NetherlandsGeneric=? Geluk, M.C. Dusar, M. de Vos, W.2007 Pre-Silesian27-42Geology of the Netherlands'Wong, Th.E. Batjes, D.A.J. De Jager, J. Amsterdam.Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesGeology Netherlands PalaeozoicCinternal-pdf://Geluk et al (2007)-2745108992/Geluk et al (2007).pdfx?!Geluk, M.C. Mijnlieff, H.F.2001Controls on the distribution and thickness of Permian basal Upper Rotliegend sandstones, the Netherlands: probing the limits of the Rotliegend play areaExtended abstract P522H63rd Conference of the European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers- Amsterdam-Clastic sedimentology Netherlands Rotliegend;?Geluk, M.C. Paar, W. Fokker, P.2007Salt283-294Geology of the Netherlands(Wong, Th.E. Batjes, D.A.J. De Jager, J. Amsterdam)Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and SciencesNatural resources Netherlands ZechsteinCinternal-pdf://Geluk et al (2007)-3697957632/Geluk et al (2007).pdfY?(Geluk, M.C. Plomp, A. Van Doorn, Th.H.M.1996ZDevelopment of the Permo-Triassic succesion in the basin fringe area, southern Netherlands57-79,Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands/Rondeel, H.E. Batjes, D.A.J. Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. DordrechtKluwer Academic PublishersGeology NetherlandsPermian-Triassic?Geluk, M.C. Röhling, H.G.1997uHigh-resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Triassic Buntsandstein in the Netherlands and northwestern Germany227-246Geologie en Mijnbouw76 StratigraphyNetherlands and GermanyTriassicU?Geluk, M.C. Röhling, H.G.1999jHigh-resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Triassic 'Buntsandstein': a new tool for basin analysis727-745QThe Epicontinental Triassic - Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontology Teil I7-8Bachmann, G.H. Lerche, I.Halle- StratigraphyWestern EuropeTriassic:?'Geluk, M.C. Van Adrichem Boogaert, H.A.1995*Rotliegendablagerungen in den Niederlanden192-193^Norddeutsches Rotliegendbecken Rotliegend-Monographie Teil II. Stratigraphie von Deutschland I183 Plein, E.-!Courier Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg Stratigraphy Netherlands RotliegendN?!DGeluk, M.C. van Wees, J.-D. Grönloh, H. Van Adrichem Boogaert, H.A.1997]Palaeogeography and palaeotectonics of the Zechstein Group (Upper Permian) in the Netherlands63-75GProceedings of the XIII International Congres Carboniferous and Permian--Krakow, Poland-Geology Netherlands Zechstein@?5Gemmer, L. Nielsen, S.B. Huuse, M. Lykke-Andersen, H.2002\Post-mid-Cretaceous eastern North Sea evolution inferred from 3D thermo-mechanical modelling315-342Tectonophysics350Structural Geology North SeaCenozoicGinternal-pdf://Gemmer et al. (2002)-3032157953/Gemmer et al. (2002).pdfg?George, G.T. Berry, J.K.1993rA new Lithostratigraphy and depositional model for the Upper Rotliegend of the UK Sector of the Southern North Sea295-3232Characterisation of Fluvial and Aeolian Reservoirs73North, C.P. Prosser, D.J.London&Geological Society Special PublicationClastic sedimentology North Sea Rotliegend'?George, G.T. Berry, J.K.1994`A new palaeogeographic and depositional model for the Upper Rotliegend, offshore The Netherlands147-158 First Break12Palaeogeography Netherlands RotliegendIinternal-pdf://George & Berry (1994)-0066152961/George & Berry (1994).pdfo?George, G.T. Berry, J.K.1997tPermian (Upper Rotliegend) synsedimentary tectonics, basin development and palaeogeography of the southern North Sea31-61=Petroleum Geology of the Southern North Sea: Future Potential123#Ziegler, K. Turner, P. Daines, S.R.London&Geological Society Special PublicationGeology North Sea Rotliegend?George, T.N. Johnson, George Anthony Lobjoit Mitchell, Murray Prentice, John Edward Ramsbottom, William Hubert Craven Sevastopulo, George Demetrius Wilson, Robert Bryden19765A correlation of Dinantian rocks in the British Isles877London&Special Publication Geological Societybiostratigraphy- Carboniferous- Dinantian- Europe- Invertebrata- Paleozoic- stratigraphy- United-Kingdom Western-Europe Stratigraphy StratigraphyUK Carboniferous?oBGérard, J. Wheatley, T.J. Ritchie, J.S. Sullivan, M. Basset, M.G.1993VPermo-Carboniferous and older plays, their historical development and future potential641-650HPetroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th conference4 Parker, J.R.LondonThe Geological SocietyPetroleum Geology North SeaCarboniferous-Permian_?oJGerling, P. Geluk, M.C. Kockel, F. Lokhorst, A. Lott, G.K. Nicholson, R.A.1999zNW European Gas Atlas - new implications for the Carboniferous gas plays in the western part of the Southern Permian Basin799-808HPetroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 5th conferenceFleet, A.J. Boldy, S.A.R.LondonThe Geological SocietyPetroleum Geology North Sea CarboniferousIinternal-pdf://Gerling et al. (1999)-1971605248/Gerling et al. (1999).pdf? WGerling, P. Kockel, F. Lokhorst, A. Geluk, M.C. Nicholson, R.A. Laier, T. Pokorski, J.1998.Die Erdgasqualitäten im südlichen Permbecken183-192-9801-DGMK Petroleum GeologyWestern Europe Rotliegend? Gerth, H.1955Die Fossilführung des Jura in den Bohrungen der 'Rijksopsporing van Delfstoffen' bei Winterswijk und ihre Stratigraphische Bedeutung.45-543Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, nieuwe serie9 Palaeontology NetherlandsJurassict?Gianolla, P. Jacquin, T.1998DTriassic sequence stratigraphic framework of Western European Basins643-650>Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins607De Graciansky, P.C. Hardenbol, J. Jaquin, T. Vail, P.R.-GSociety of Economic and Petroleum Geologists Memoir Special Publication Stratigraphy North SeaTriassic? Giardani, D.2009$Geothermal quake risks must be faced848-849Nature462 GeothermicsGenericGenerickinternal-pdf://Giardini, 2009, geothermal quake risks-3619856913/Giardini, 2009, geothermal quake risks.pdf? "Gientka, M. Malon, A. Tyminski, M.20071Bilans zasobow kopalin i wod podziemnych w Polsce---Warsaw-Petroleum GeologyPolandGenericE?*Giese, U. Katzung, G. Walter, R. Weber, J.1997hThe Caledonian deformation of the Brabant Massif and the early Palaeozoic in Northeast Germany; compared637-652Geological Magazine1345;bedding- Belgium- boreholes- Brabant-Massif Caledonian-Orogeny Central-Europe clay-minerals cleavage- deformation- Europe- faunal-studies fold-and-thrust-belts folds- geochronology- Germany- illite- kinematics- low-grade-metamorphism lower-Paleozoic macerals- Mecklenburg-Western-Pomerania-Germany metamorphism- orientation- paleomagnetism- Paleozoic- planar-bedding-structures Rugen-Island Russian-Platform sedimentary-structures sheet-silicates silicates- strain- structural-analysis structural-geology tectonics- vitrinite- Western-Europe X-ray-data Structural-geologyStructural GeologyWestern Europe Palaeozoic?Giesen, R. Mesdag, C.1995De zoutkoepel van K911-16Grondboor en Hamer49Geology Netherlands Zechstein?Glasbergen, P.1985NThe origin of groundwater in Carboniferous and Devonian aquifers at Maastricht123-129Geologie en Mijnbouw64Natural resources NetherlandsDevonian-Carboniferous?! Glennie, K.2007:Early exploration in the Southern Permian Basin Atlas area- Geo-Pomerania-Szczecin-Petroleum GeologyWestern EuropeGeneric? Glennie, K.2007=Some geological advances resulting from North Sea exploration87-97 First Break25Petroleum Geology North SeaGeneric;internal-pdf://Glennie (2007)-0634866177/Glennie (2007).pdf? Glennie, K.W.1972dPermian Rotliegendes of Northwest Europe interpreted in light of modern desert sedimentation studies 1048-10715American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin56Clastic sedimentologyWestern Europe Rotliegend'? Glennie, K.W.1983ELower Permian - Rotliegend desert sedimentation in the North Sea area521-541>Developments in Sedimentology - Eolian sediments and processes38 Brookfield, M.E. Ahlbrandt, T.S. AmsterdamElsevierClastic sedimentology North Sea Rotliegend?? Glennie, K.W.1986CLower Permian Rotliegend desert sedimentation in the North Sea area521-541>Eolian Sediments and Processes (Developments in sedimentology)38 Brookfield, M.E. Ahlbrandt, T.S. Amsterdam"Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co.Clastic sedimentology North Sea Rotliegend? Glennie, K.W.19867Development of N.W. Europe's southern Permian gas basin3-22'Habitat of Paleozoic gas in N.W. Europe50$Brooks, J. Goff, J.C. Van Hoorn, B.London&Geological Society Special PublicationGeologyWestern Europe Rotliegend? Glennie, K.W.19970History of exploration in the southern North Sea5-16=Petroleum Geology of the Southern North Sea: Future Potential123#Ziegler, K. Turner, P. Daines, S.R.London&Geological Society Special PublicationHistory North SeaGeneric? Glennie, K.W.1998Lower Permian - Rotliegend137-1736Introduction to the petroleum geology of the North Sea Glennie, K.W.OxfordBlackwell Scientific PublishingGeology North Sea Rotliegend? Glennie, K.W.1998Early Permian - Rotliegend25-626Introduction to the petroleum geology of the North Sea Glennie, K.W.OxfordBlackwell Scientific PublishingGeology North Sea Rotliegend? Glennie, K.W.1998BIntroduction to the petroleum geology of the North sea 4th edition402-Oxford BlackwellPetroleum Geology North SeaGeneric? Glennie, K.W.1998FPetroleum Geology of the North Sea, Basic concepts and recent advances636-Oxford BlackwellPetroleum Geology North SeaGeneric? Glennie, K.W.2001OExploration activities in the Netherlands and North-West Europe since Groningen33-53"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences80History NetherlandsGeneric? Glennie, K.W.2005dRegional tectonics in relation to Perm-Carboniferous hydrocarbon potential, Southern North Sea Basin1-12XCarboniferous hydrocarbon geology - The southern North Sea and surrounding onshore areas-6Collinson, J.D. Evans, D.J. Holliday, D.W. Jones, N.S.-Yorkshire Geological SocietyStructural Geology North SeaCarboniferous-Permian?(Glennie, K.W. Brooks, J. Brooks, J.R.V.1987CHydrocarbon exploration and geological history of North West Europe1-10&Petroleum geology of North West EuropeBrooks, J. Glennie, K.LondonGraham & TrotmanPetroleum GeologyWestern EuropeGeneric?Glennie, K.W. Buller, A.T.1983zThe Permian Weissliegend of NW Europe: the partial deformation of aeolian dune sands caused by the Zechstein transgression43-81Sedimentary Geology35Clastic sedimentologyWestern EuropePermian-?*Glennie, K.W. Mudd, G.W. Nagtegaal, P.J.C.1978Depositional environment and diagenesis of Permian Rotliegendes sandstones in Leman Bank and Sole Pit areas of the UK southern North Sea25-34!Journal of the Geological Society135Clastic sedimentology North Sea Rotliegend>?Glennie, K.W. Provan, D.M.J.1986ILower Permian Rotliegend reservoir of the Southern North Sea gas province399-416'Habitat of Paleozoic gas in N.W. Europe50$Brooks, J. Goff, J.C. Van Hoorn, B.London&Geological Society Special PublicationPetroleum Geology North Sea Rotliegend?Glennie, K.W. Provan, D.M.J.1990ILower Permian Rotliegend reservoir of the Southern North Sea gas province399-416Classic petroleum provinces50 Brooks, J.London&Geological Society Special PublicationPetroleum Geology North Sea Rotliegend?'Gluyas, Jon Jolley, Liz Primmer Tim, J.1997eElement mobility during diagenesis; sulphate cementation of Rotliegend sandstones, southern North Sea 1001-1011Marine and Petroleum Geology147-8Amethyst-Field anhydrite- Atlantic-Ocean barite- burial- cementation- clastic-rocks diagenesis- grain-size isotope-ratios isotopes- migration-of-elements natural-gas North-Atlantic North-Sea O-18-O-16 oil-and-gas-fields oxygen- Paleozoic- permeability- Permian- petroleum- porosity- production- reservoir-rocks Rotliegendes- S-34-S-32 sandstone- sedimentary-rocks stable-isotopes sulfates- sulfur- thermal-history Upper-Permian Zechstein- Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry North Sea Rotliegend?Gluyas, Jon Leonard, A.1995LDiagenesis of the Rotliegend Sandstone: the answer ain't blowin' in the wind491-497Marine and Petroleum Geology127-8Amethyst-Field anhydrite- Atlantic-Ocean barite- burial- cementation- clastic-rocks diagenesis- grain-size isotope-ratios isotopes- migration-of-elements natural-gas North-Atlantic North-Sea O-18-O-16 oil-and-gas-fields oxygen- Paleozoic- permeability- Permian- petroleum- porosity- production- reservoir-rocks Rotliegendes- S-34-S-32 sandstone- sedimentary-rocks stable-isotopes sulfates- sulfur- thermal-history Upper-Permian Zechstein- Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry North Sea Rotliegend`?! Goh, L.S.19938The Logger Field: Geology and Reservoir characterization75-93jNorth Sea oil and gas reservoirs - III, Proceedings of the 3rd North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoirs Conference-LAasen, J.O. Buller, A.T. Hjelmeland, O. Holt, R.M. Kleppe, J. Torsæter, O. Trondheim-Petroleum Geology North Sea Cretaceous$? Goh, L.S.1996>The Logger oil Field: reservoir architecture and heterogeneity255-264,Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands/Rondeel, H.E. Batjes, D.A.J. Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. DordrechtKluwer Academic PublishersPetroleum Geology Netherlands Cretaceous>? Gökdag, H.1982Some diagenetic aspects and origin of porosity in the Dinantian (Early Carboniferous) carbonates in the wells Heugem 1a and Kastanjelaan 2 (Maastricht, the Netherlands)50-538Publikaties van het Natuurhistorisch Genootschap Limburg32 Diagenesis Netherlands Carboniferous?%Gorski, M. Wojtkowiak, Z. Radecki, S.1999GBarnówko-Mostno-Buszewo (BMB): the largest crude oil deposit in Poland5-15Petroleum Geoscience5Petroleum GeologyPoland ZechsteinGinternal-pdf://Gorski et al. (1999)-2017924096/Gorski et al. (1999).pdf? Goulty, N.R.2001^Polygonal fault networks in fine-grained sediments - an alternative to the syneresis mechanism69-73 First Break192Stuctural GeologyGenericGeneric ? Gouw, M.J.2008IAlluvial architecture of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse Delta (the Netherlands) 1487-1516 Sedimentology555Clastic sedimentology' Ancient fluvial successions often act as hydrocarbon reservoirs. Sub-surface data on the alluvial architecture of fluvial successions are often incomplete and modelling is performed to reconstruct the stratigraphy. However, all alluvial architecture models suffer from the scarcity of field data to test and calibrate them. The purposes of this study were to quantify the alluvial architecture of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta (the Netherlands) and to determine spatio-temporal trends in the architecture. Five north-south orientated cross-sections, perpendicular to the general flow direction, were compiled for the fluvial-dominated part of the delta. These sections were used to calculate the width/thickness ratios of fluvial sandbodies (SBW/SBT) and the proportions of channel-belt deposits (CDP), clastic overbank deposits (ODP) and organic material (OP) in the succession. Furthermore, the connectedness ratio (CR) between channel belts was calculated for each cross-section. Distinct spatial and temporal trends in the alluvial architecture were found. SBW/SBT ratios decrease by a factor of ca 4 in a downstream direction. CDP decreases from ca 0.7 (upstream) to ca 0.3 (downstream). OP increases from less than 0.05 in the upstream part of the delta to more than 0.25 in the downstream delta. ODP is approximately constant (0.4). CR is ca 0.25 upstream, which is approximately two times larger than in the downstream part of the delta. Furthermore, CDP in the downstream Rhine-Meuse delta increases after 3000 cal yr BP. These trends are attributed to variations in available accommodation space, floodplain geometry and channel-belt size. For instance, channel belts tend to narrow in a downstream direction, which reduces SBW/SBT, CDP and CR. Tectonics cause local deviations in the general architectural trends. In addition, the positive correlation between avulsion frequency and the ratio of local to regional aggradation rate probably influenced alluvial architecture in the Rhine-Meuse delta. The Rhine-Meuse data set can be a great resource when developing more sophisticated models for alluvial architecture simulation, which eventually could lead to better characterizations of hydrocarbon reservoirs. To aid such usage of the Rhine-Meuse data set, constraints for relevant parameters are provided at the end of the paper. NetherlandsHolocene?Grabowska, J.M.1996fStratigraphy of the Bisnik rock-shelter sediments on the background of the others caves in Polish Jura107-109*Karst Waters Institute Special Publication2 Bisnik-Cave Bisnik-Hill caves- Cenozoic- Central-Europe climate-change color- Cracow-Czestochowa-Jura Eemian- Europe- geomorphology- grain-size karst- lithofacies- paleoclimatology- Pleistocene- Poland- Quaternary- stratigraphy- upper-Pleistocene Vistulian- weathering- Quaternary-geology StratigraphyPoland Quaternary?%Gradstein, F.M. Ogg, J.G. Smith, A.G.2004A Geologic Time Scale 2004589 CambridgeCambridge University Press StratigraphyGenericGenerick?AGradzinski, Michal Gorny, Andrzej Pazdur, Anna Pazdur, Mieczyslaw1996IOrigin of black coloured laminae in speleothems from Cracow-Wielun Upland46*Karst Waters Institute Special Publication2dabsolute-age archaeology- C-14 carbon- caves- Cenozoic- Central-Europe charcoal- color- Cracow-Wielun-Upland dates- Europe- fluorescence- genesis- Holocene- isotopes- karst- lamellae- lower-Pleistocene Pleistocene- Poland- Quaternary- radioactive-isotopes SEM-data solution-features spectra- speleothems- stalagmites- ultraviolet-spectra Quaternary-geologyClastic sedimentologyPolandCenozoic?Gras, R.1995JLate Cretaceous sedimentation and tectonic inversion, southern Netherlands117-127Geologie en Mijnbouw74Geology Netherlands Cretaceous?Gras, R. Clayton, C.J.1998gNon-hydrocarbon components of Carboniferous-sourced gas in the Southern Permian Basin, northwest Europe147-156Petroleum Geoscience4Petroleum GeologyWestern Europe Carboniferous?Gras, R. Geluk, M.C.1999_Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary sedimentation and tectonic inversion in the southern Netherlands1-19Geologie en Mijnbouw78Geology NetherlandsCretaceous-Tertiairy? Graven, H.2004,Squeezing salts: Examples from Gaz de France29-37&Squeezing salts - an expensive problemBreunese, J.M. Schroot, B.M.UtrechtTNO-NITG - EBNPetroleum Geology Netherlands Zechstein4? Graversen, O.2004oUpper Triassic - Cretaceous stratigraphy and structural inversion offshore SW Bornholm, Tornquist Zone, Denmark111-136-Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark51GeologyDenmarkMesozoic?internal-pdf://Graversen (2004)-2485691648/Graversen (2004).pdf? Gray, J.2008cPetroleum prospectivity of the principal sedimentary basins on the United Kingdom Continental Shelf40---DECCPetroleum Geology-UKGeneric5internal-pdf://Gray (2008)-0169450497/Gray (2008).pdf_?\Gray, N.D. Sherry, A. Larter, S.R. Erdmann, M. Leyris, J. Liengen, T. Beeder, J. Head, I.M.2009WBiogenic methane production in formation waters from a large gas field in the North Sea511-519 Extremophiles133Petroleum Geology North SeaCenozoicCinternal-pdf://Gray et al. (2009)-1469076736/Gray et al. (2009).pdf9?Grayson, R.F. Oldham, L.1987mA new structural framework for the Northern British Dinantian as a basis for oil, gas and mineral exploration33-59European Dinantian Environments#Miller, J. Adams, A.E. Wright, V.P. ChichesterJohn Wiley & SonsPetroleum GeologyUK Carboniferous*?WGrootel, G. Verniers, J. Geerkens, B. Laduron, D. Verhaeren, M. Hertogen, J. De Vos, W.1997iTiming of magmatism, foreland basin development, metamorphism and inversion in the Anglo-Brabant foldbelt607-616Geological Magazine130Structural GeologyBelgium Palaeozoic? Grote, R.1998`Die rezente horizontale Hauptspannungsrichtung im Rotliegenden und Oberkarbon in Norddeutschland478-483Erdoel Erdgas Kohle114Structural GeologyGermany Rotliegend? Grotek, I.2005Alteration of the coalification degree of the organic matter dispersed in the Carboniferous sediments along border of the East-European Craton in Poland5-80-Biuletyn Państwowego Instytuto Geologicznego413 GeochemistryPoland Carboniferous?Grotens, A.H.P.1995HA view on the future of Dutch natural gas, production, sales and storage22-24Mijnbouwkundige Vereniging-Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric?Guion, P.D. Fielding, C.R.1988:Westphalian A and B sedimentation in the Pennine Basin, UK153-177YSedimentation in a synorogenic basin complex; the Upper Carboniferous of Northwest Europe-Besly, B.M. Kelling, G.GlasgowBlackieCarboniferous- channels- clastic-rocks coal- controls- deltaic-environment England- Europe- faults- Great-Britain northern-England organic-residues Paleozoic- Pennine-Basin sandstone- sea-level-changes sedimentary-petrology sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- structural-controls subsidence- transgression- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Westphalian- Sedimentary-petrologyPalaeogeographyUK Carboniferous? Gulinck, M.1965<Aperçu Général sur les dépôts Éocènes de la Belgique 222-227+Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France7GeologyBelgiumCenozoic? Gursky, H.2006.Paläogeographie, Paloozeanographie und Fazies51-68?Stratigraphie von Deutschland, VI - Unterkarbon (Mississippium)41Amler, M.R.W. Stoppel, D.HannoverSchr. R. Dt. Ges. Geowiss.PalaeogeographyGermany Carboniferous?MGussinklo, H.J. Haak, H.W. Quadvlieg, R.C.H. Schutjens, P.M.F.M. Vogelaar, L.2001Subsidence, tremors and society121-"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences80 Subsidence NetherlandsGeneric?Gutteridge, P.1989PControls on carbonate sedimentation in a Brigantian intrashelf basin, Derbyshire171-187VThe role of tectonics in Devonian and Carboniferous sedimentation in the British Isles6*Arthurton, R.S. Gutteridge, P. Nolan, S.C.-3Occasional Publication Yorkshire Geological Societybasins- Brigantian- carbonate-sediments controls- Derbyshire-England England- Europe- Great-Britain lithofacies- sedimentary-basins sedimentary-petrology sedimentation- sediments- Station-Quarry-Beds structural-controls subsidence- United-Kingdom Western-Europe Sedimentary-petrologyPalaeogeographyUK CarboniferousAinternal-pdf://Gutteridge (1989)-2800410118/Gutteridge (1989).pdf? Gutteridge, Peter1991GAspects of Dinantian sedimentation in the Edale Basin, North Derbyshire245-269Geological Journal263Carboniferous- Derbyshire-England Dinantian- Edale-Basin England- Europe- Great-Britain Holme-Platform marine-installations marine-platforms marine-sedimentation Paleozoic- processes- sedimentary-petrology sedimentation- United-Kingdom Western-Europe Sedimentary-petrologyPalaeogeographyUK CarboniferousAinternal-pdf://Gutteridge (1991)-1441795078/Gutteridge (1991).pdfx? Gutteridge, P.1995ULate Dinantian (Brigantian) carbonate mud-mounds of the Derbyshire carbonate platform289-3070Carbonate mud-mounds, their origin and evolution238Monty, C.L.V. Bosence, D.W.J. Bridges, P. H. Pratt, B.R.-HSpecial publication of the International Association of SedimentologistsCarbonate sedimentologyUK Carboniferous?  Haak, H.W.1995@Analysis of seismic risk in the northern part of the Netherlands82-83Mijnbouwkundige Vereniging- Seismicity SeismicityGeneric?  Haanstra, U.1961Het Pre-Tertiair van Twente115-123Geologie van Twente-&Anderson, W.F. Krul, P.C. Römer, J.H.-"Nederlandse Geologische VerenigingGeology NetherlandsMesozoic?  Haanstra, U.1963/A review of Mesozoic history of the Netherlands35-55MVerhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap21Geology NetherlandsMesozoic? Haenel, R.1979:Atlas of subsurface temperatures in the European Community--HannoverSchäfer Drückerei GeothermicsEuropeGeneric? Haenel, R. Staroste, E.1988PAtlas of Geothermal Resources in the European Community, Austria and Switserland-Publ. Nr. Eur 11026 Luxemburg- GeothermicsEuropeGeneric? Hager, H.1981GDas Teriär des Rheinischen Braunkohlenreviers, Ergebnisse und Probleme529-5638Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen29GeologyGermanyTertiary?Hager, H. Vandenberghe, N. Van den Bosch, M. Abraham, M. Von der Hocht, F. Rescher, K. Laga, P. Nickel, E. Verstraelen, A. Leroi, S. Van Leeuwen, R.J.W.1998The geometry of the Rupelian and Chattian depositional bodies in the Lower Rhine district and its border area: implications for Oligocene lithostratigraphy53-62-Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark45Clastic sedimentologyGermany and Netherlands Oligocene ?!Haile, P.M. Blunden, H.A.1984kZechstein magnesium rich evaporite deposits of Northern Netherlands and their volumetric analysis by Global-&SAID Symposium on Formation Evaluation--Paris-Natural resources Netherlands ZechsteinT?Hailwood, E. Ding, F.2000Sediment transport and dispersal pathways in the Lower Cretaceous sands of the Britannia Field, derived from magnetic anisotropy369-379Petroleum Geoscience64 GeophysicsSediment transport directions and dispersal patterns in the Lower Cretaceous sands of the Britannia Field have been investigated, using magnetic anisotropy and palaeomagnetic core re-orientation methods, to aid understanding of the geometry and architecture of the reservoir sand units. The results indicate that sands were sourced mainly from the north. This applies both to the massive sand bodies with lobate geometry in the lower reservoir zones in the western part of the field and to the laminated slurried beds with tabular geometry in the upper zones in the eastern part. Thus, sediment in this part of the Outer Moray Firth play appears to have been derived largely from a discrete point source to the north rather than from axial flow along the Witch Ground Graben. North Sea CretaceousKinternal-pdf://Hailwood & Ding (2000)-2940144640/Hailwood & Ding (2000).pdf7?0Hakstege, A. L. Kroonenberg, S. B. van Wijck, H.1993_Geochemistry of Holocene clays of the Rhine and Meuse rivers in the central-eastern Netherlands301-315Geologie en Mijnbouw714;alluvium- Cenozoic- chemical-composition clastic-sediments clay- east-central-Netherlands Europe- heavy-metals Holocene- Meuse-River multivariate-analysis Netherlands- pollution- Quaternary- Rhine-River sediments- statistical-analysis Western-Europe Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry NetherlandsHolocene ?>Hallsworth, C. R. Morton, A. C. Claoue Long, J. Fanning, C. M.2000sCarboniferous sand provenance in the Pennine Basin, UK; constraints from heavy mineral and detrital zircon age data147-185Sedimentary Geology1373-4mabsolute-age Carboniferous- clastic-rocks dates- detrital-sedimentation England- Europe- Great-Britain heavy-minerals nesosilicates- orthosilicates- Paleozoic- Pennine-Basin Pennines- provenance- sandstone- sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- silicates- U-Th-Pb United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Westphalian- zircon- Sedimentary-petrology Geochronology MineralogyThe integration of heavy mineral analysis and detrital zircon age dating has enabled high-resolution differentiation and characterisation of Carboniferous sandstone provenance in the Pennine Basin of the UK. Heavy mineral data have identified a number of distinct mineralogical groups with different provenance histories and source-area compositions. Single-grain zircon dating on each mineralogical type has placed constraints on the geochronology of the various source terrains. This combination of mineralogical and isotopic data has led to the identification of four distinct source terrains and sediment transport pathways. During the Namurian, the majority of sediment was supplied from the north via the "Pennine delta". The source region comprised a high-grade metasedimentary terrain with granitic intrusions. Zircon age data indicate that this lay within the part of Laurentia-Baltica affected by the Caledonian orogeny. Small amounts of sediment were shed northwards from the Wales-Brabant High, on the southern margin of the basin. Most of this was recycled from the Old Red Sandstone but some of it came directly from late Proterozoic igneous basement. Supply via the Pennine delta declined markedly in the Westphalian, with most of the Westphalian A and B being fed from the west. The western source mainly comprised pre-existing sediment, with variable contributions from ultramafic rocks. The precise location of this source remains conjectural: it is unlikely to be within the British Isles given the size and scale of the Westphalian fluvial systems, but the zircon age spectrum cannot be reconciled with derivation from the Appalachians-Newfoundland-Labrador area. Supply from the uplifting Variscan massif to the south became important in late Westphalian B times and continued into Westphalian D. Zircon age data indicate sourcing from Late Carboniferous granites and Cadomian and Icartian basement.UK Carboniferous5?oCHampson, G.J. Davies, S.J. Elliott, T. Flint, S.S. Stollhofen, H.1999Incised valley fill sandstone bodies in Upper Carboniferous fluvio-deltaic strata: recognition and reservoir characterization of Southern North Sea analogues771-788HPetroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 5th conference-Fleet, A.J. Boldy, S.A.R. LondonThe Geological SocietyPetroleum Geology North Sea Carboniferous ?&Hampson, G.J. Elliott, T. Davies, S.J.1997The application of sequence stratigraphy to Upper Carboniferous fluvio-deltaic strata of the onshore UK and Ireland; implications for the southern North Sea719-733+Journal of the Geological Society of London154Part 40Atlantic-Ocean Carboniferous- channels- cyclothems- deltaic-environment Europe- fluvial-environment Ireland- North-Atlantic North-Sea Paleosols- Paleozoic- planar-bedding-structures sedimentary-structures sequence-stratigraphy southern-North-Sea unconformities- United-Kingdom Western-Europe Stratigraphy StratigraphyStratigraphical correlations and facies interpretations of Upper Carboniferous fluvio-deltaic strata have been based traditionally on cyclothems bound by marine flooding surfaces (marine bands). The recent recognition of major, regionally extensive erosional unconformities (Exxon-style sequence boundaries) within selected cyclothems questions their validity as units of genetically related strata. Using examples from the Carboniferous of the onshore UK and Ireland, we present sedimentological criteria for the recognition of sequence boundaries, placing particular emphasis on the regional context of these surfaces. Sequence boundaries comprise widespread, deeply eroded surfaces at the base of major fluvial sandstone complexes, and laterally equivalent palaeosols developed on interfluves at the margins of the fluvial complexes. These sequence boundaries define units of genetically related strata (sequences) which contain other key surfaces of time-stratigraphic significance, including marine bands and regionally extensive coals. The recognition of key surfaces enables the construction of a high resolution stratigraphic framework within which coeval facies relationships can be interpreted. Sequence boundaries can be correlated between individual basins in the onshore UK. by reference to their position in relation to a particular marine band. For example, the sequence boundary at the base of the Farewell Rock in the South Wales Basin can be correlated with that at the base of the Rough Rock in the Pennine Basin, northern England, since both these sandstone bodies are directly overlain by the Subcrenatum Marine Band. Interbasinal correlations of this nature imply that potential fluvial sandstone reservoirs within major incised valley fills in the Upper Carboniferous strata of the southern North Sea can be predicted by correlation with the onshore UK. The stratigraphical framework can be extended and tested using core and well-log data, particularly spectral gamma-ray data, which are able to identify key sequence stratigraphic surfaces. North Sea Carboniferous?%Hampson, G.J. Elliott, T. Flint, S.S.1996Critical application of high resolution sequence stratigraphic concepts to the Rough Rock Group (Upper Carboniferous) of northern England221-246'Geological Society Special Publications104Carboniferous- clastic-rocks coal- correlation- deltaic-environment England- Europe- fluvial-environment Great-Britain high-resolution-methods Namurian- northern-England paleogeography- paleosols- Paleozoic- Pennines- Rough-Rock-Group sea-level-changes sedimentary-rocks sequence-stratigraphy shale- siliciclastics- structural-controls synsedimentary-processes transgression- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Stratigraphy StratigraphyUK Carboniferous}?FHampson, G.J. Sixsmith, P.J. Kieft, R.L. Jackson, C.A.L. Johnson, H.D.2009Quantitative analysis of net-transgressive shoreline trajectories and stratigraphic architectures:mid-to late Jurassic of the North Sea rift basin528-558Basin Research21Geology North SeaJurassicIinternal-pdf://Hampson et al. (2009)-0670499072/Hampson et al. (2009).pdf?'Hampson, G.J. Stollhofen, H. Flint, S.1999yA sequence stratigraphic model for the Lower Coal Measures (Upper Carboniferous) of the Ruhr district, north-west Germany 1199-1231 Sedimentology46 StratigraphyGermany Carboniferous =?>Hance, L. Dejonghe, L. Ghysel, P. Laloux, M. Mansy Jean, Louis1999xInfluence of heterogeneous lithostructural layering on orogenic deformation in the Variscan Front zone (eastern Belgium)161-177Tectonophysics3091-4.allochthons- anticlines- Ardennes- Belgium- deformation- eastern-Belgium Europe- faults- folds- forelands- Hercynian-Orogeny heterogeneity- imbricate-tectonics layered-materials orogeny- structural-analysis tectonic-wedges tectonics- thrust-faults Variscides- Western-Europe windows- Structural-geologyStructural GeologyThe ramp-flat thrust model and other classical models based on Rocky Mountains or Appalachians structures allow a better understanding of fault and fold interaction in a sequence dominated by competent rocks, in which, in most cases, thrusts propagate forward in-sequence. This pattern, however, fails to explain the deformation history of rock successions with low proportions of competent rocks. In such lithologies, out-of-sequence faults are more common features. The Variscan Front Zone in eastern Belgium serves as a case study for this non-classical deformation model. Cross-sections are well-constrained by surface data covering a large area. The Devono-Carboniferous sequence, resting unconformably on Caledonian basement, has shortened drastically, and the tectonic history can best be explained by a composite structural model. Continuous and discontinuous deformations took place in successive steps. A large anticline developed first. It evolved subsequently into either break-thrust or translated fault-propagation folds. Out-of-sequence thrusting by the Theux-Tunnel fault formed the Vesdre Nappe. The latter is the northern part of the Ardenne Allochthon. The main discrepancies with the ramp-flat thrust model are emphasized. Particularly, the Vesdre Nappe, which is the highest thrust sheet, is not the youngest event of deformation. Common elements of the Variscan Front Zone between northern France and western Germany are discussed. The Theux-Tunnel fault has the same kinematics significance as the Midi-Aachen fault. The footwall of the Vesdre Nappe is the eastward prolongation of the Brabant foreland. The complex structure of the Theux Window reflects imbrications under the allochthon and can be compared with other wedges and thrust sheets.Belgium Palaeozoicq?.Hance, Luc Poty, Eddy Devuyst, Francois Xavier2001wStratigraphie sequentielle du Dinantien type (Belgique) et correlation avec le Nord de la France (Boulonnais, Avesnois)411-426+Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France1724Avesnes-France Belgium- biostratigraphy- Boulonnais- Carboniferous- chronostratigraphy- Conodonta- correlation- depositional-environment Dinant-Basin Dinantian- Europe- Foraminifera- France- Invertebrata- lithofacies- lithostratigraphy- microfossils- Namur-Belgium paleoenvironment- paleogeography- Paleozoic- Pas-de-Calais-France Protista- sequence-stratigraphy Western-Europe Stratigraphy StratigraphyThe relative influences of local tectonics and global eustasy in the architecture of the sedimentary units of the Namur-Dinant Basin (southern Belgium) are determined. Nine third-order sequences are recognised. During the Lower Tournaisian (Hastarian and lower Ivorian) a homoclinal ramp extended from southern Belgium through southern England (Mendips) and into southern Ireland. From the upper Ivorian to the lower Visean rapid facies changes occurred due to progradation and increasing prominence of Waulsortian mudmounds. Progradation gradually produced a situation in which inner shelf facies covered the Namur (NSA), Condroz (CSA) and southern Avesnes (ASA) sedimentation areas, whereas outer shelf facies were restricted to the Dinant sedimentation area (DSA). During the middle and late Visean a broad shelf was established from western Germany to southern Ireland. Because the shelf built up mainly by aggradation, parasequences can be followed over a large area. An early phase of Variscan shortening is perceptible during the Livian. The stratigraphic gap between the first Namurian sediments (E2 Goniatite Zone) and the underlying Visean varies from place to place, but is more important in the north.Belgium Carboniferous?Hancock, B.M. Scholle, P.A.1975Chalk of the North Sea413-4277Petroleum and the Continental shelf of northwest Europe-Woodland, A.W.LondonAppl. Sc. Publ.Geology North Sea Cretaceous? Hancock, N.J.1978LPossible causes of Rotliegend sandstones diagenesis in northern West Germany25-34+Journal of the Geological Society of London135 DiagenesisGermany Rotliegend@?Hansen, J. Hansen, T.2003bStratigraphy and sea-level fluctuations in the Upper Miocene Gram Formation, south-western Denmark157-169-Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark50 StratigraphyDenmarkTertiaryKinternal-pdf://Hansen & Hansen (2003)-0774259968/Hansen & Hansen (2003).pdf? "Haq, B.U. Hardenbol, J. Vail, P.R.19877Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic 1156-1167Science23547937algae- Ammonoidea- biostratigraphy- Cenozoic- Cephalopoda- changes-of-level chronostratigraphy- Conodonta- correlation- Cretaceous- cycles- cyclic-processes diatoms- Dinoflagellata- evolution- Foraminifera- geochronology- global- graphic-methods Invertebrata- Jurassic- magnetostratigraphy- marine-sedimentation Mesozoic- microfossils- Mollusca- nannofossils- outcrops- paleomagnetism- palynomorphs- Plantae- Protista- Quaternary- Radiolaria- sedimentation- stratigraphy- Tetrabranchiata- thallophytes- time-scales Triassic- Vail-curve Stratigraphy Quaternary-geology StratigraphyGenericMesozoic-Cenozoic?!KHarland, W.B. Armstrong, R.L. Cox, A.V. Craig, L.E. Smith, A.G. Smith, D.E.1990A geological timescale 1989263- CambridgeCambridge University Press StratigraphyGenericGeneric?"! Harmsen, G.J.1980TSteamflooding in a water drive reservoir in the Schoonebeek field in the Netherlands275-282Tenth World Petroleum Congress3- Bucharest-Petroleum Geology Netherlands Cretaceous?#BHarris, D. Yielding, G. Levine, P. Maxwell, G. Rose, P.T. Nell, P.2002Using Shale Gouge Ratio (SGR) to model faults as transmissibility barriers in reservoirs: an example from the Strathspey Field, North Sea167-176Petroleum Geoscience82Structural GeologyBSince the onset of production in 1993, extraction and injection in Strathspey has focused on the central region of the field, around the ‘Central Fault’. Analysis of RFT measurements from intermittent, but regular drilling on either side of this fault has allowed reconstruction of footwall/hanging wall pore-pressure fields for particular time instances. Comparison of these similar age pressure fields shows the Central Fault capable of maintaining up to 1300 psi pressure differentials. The results of the pressure analysis were used to calibrate a fault seal attribute, termed Shale Gouge Ratio (SGR) which is an estimate of clay concentration within fault gouge, mapped across the surface of the Central Fault. The calibration showed that as SGR increases, so does the measured pressure differential across the fault. This positive relationship between SGR and pressure differential suggests SGR is a guide to potential fluid-flow resistance exerted by faults. We therefore suggest that SGR can potentially be used as a guide to defining differences in permeability within and between faults in a given field. This ‘scaleability’ of SGR as an indicator of fault permeability within a field could provide hitherto unachievable flexibility in the systematic modelling of the hydraulic behaviour of faults during fluid flow simulations. North SeaGenericGinternal-pdf://Harris et al. (2002)-1413689856/Harris et al. (2002).pdf?$*Harrisson, R.K. Jeans, C.V. Merriman, R.J.1997nMesozoic igneous rocks, hydrothermal mineralisation and volcanogenic sediments in Britain and adjacent regions57-692Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain70 MagmatismUKMesozoic$?%Harsveldt, H.M.1963|Older conceptions and present view regarding the Mesozoic of the Achterhoek, with special mention of the Triassic limestones109-130MVerhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap1Geology NetherlandsMesozoic?&Harsveldt, H.M.1973MThe Middle Triassic limestone (Muschelkalk) in the Achterhoek (E. Gelderland)43-49MVerhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap11Geology NetherlandsTriassic?'Harsveldt, H.M.19737The discovery of uranium at Haamstede (The Netherlands)63-72`Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie29Natural resources NetherlandsCenozoic?(Harsveldt, H.M.19772Das Prätertiair van Südost Twente (Niederlände)1-163Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, nieuwe serie28Geology NetherlandsMesozoic?)!Harsveldt, H.M.1978<Salt resources in the Netherlands as surveyed mainly by AKZO65-81:Contributions to the Fifth International Symposium on Salt- Northern Ohio Geological Society-Natural resources Netherlands Zechstein?*Harsveldt, H.M.1979!Salt resources in the Netherlands29-53"Geology and nuclear waste disposal1--,Geologica Ultraiectina Spececial PublicationNatural resources Netherlands Zechstein?+!Harsveldt, H.M.1980<Salt resources in The Netherlands as surveyed mainly by AKZO65-81%Fifth International Symposium on Salt1---Natural resources Netherlands Zechstein?,Harsveldt, H.M.1986The Netherlands113-116Mineral deposits of Europe3Dunning, F.W. Evans, A.M.LondonFThe Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and The Mineralological SocietyNatural resources NetherlandsGeneric,?-Hartkopf-Fröder, C.20053Palynostratigrafie des Pennsylvanium in Deutschland133-160OStratigraphie von Deutschland V - Das Oberkarbon (Pennsylvanium) in Deutschland254 Wrede, V.Frankfurt a. M.Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg StratigraphyGermany Carboniferous@?. Hartley, A.1993fSilesian sedimentation in south-west Britain: sedimentary responses to the developing variscan orogeny159-196(Rhenohercynian and subvariscan foldbelts-%Gayer R.A. Greiling, R.O. Vogel, A.K. WiesbadenInternational Monograph SeriesPalaeogeographyUK Carboniferous?/!+Hassenkam, T. Skovbjerg, L.L. Stipp, S.L.S.2009^Probing the intrinsically oil-west surfaces of pores in North Sea chalk at sub-pore resolutionA500Goldschmidt Conference 2009Petroleum Geology North Sea Cretaceous?0#Hastings, A. Murphy, P. Stewart, L.1991XA multi-disciplinary approach to reservoir characterization: Helm field, Dutch North Sea193-202@Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons1 Spencer, A.M.BerlinJSpecial Publication of the European Association of Petroleum GeoscientistsPetroleum Geology North Sea CretaceousKinternal-pdf://Hastings et al. (1991)-1572703761/Hastings et al. (1991).pdf?1&Hauschke, N. Oosterink, H.W. Wilde, V.2009cErster Nachweis eines Limuliden (Xiphosura, Limulacea) im Muschelkalk von Winterswijk (Niederlande)13-23Der Aufschluss60 Palaeontology NetherlandsTriassic?2PHayward, R. D. Martin, C. A. L. Harrison, D. van Dort, G. Guthrie, S. Padget, N.2003xThe Flora Field, blocks 31-26a, 31-26c, UK North Sea.; United Kingdom oil and gas fields commemorative millennium volume549-555#Memoir Geological Society of London20,Atlantic-Ocean Chalk-Group Cretaceous- Europe- Flora-Field Flora-Sandstone Grensen-Nose Mesozoic- natural-gas North-Atlantic North-Sea oil-and-gas-fields Paleozoic- petroleum- reserves- structural-traps traps- United-Kingdom Upper-Cretaceous Western-Europe Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sourcesPetroleum GeologyNThe Flora Field straddles Blocks 31/26a and 31/26c of the UK sector of the North Sea on the southern margin of the Central Graben. The field is located on the Grensen Nose, a long-lived structural high, and was discovered by the Amerada Hess operated well 31/26a-12 in mid-1997. The Flora Field accumulation is reservoired within the Flora Sandstone, an Upper Carboniferous fluvial deposit, and a thin Upper Jurassic veneer, trapped within a tilted fault block. Oil is sourced principally from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of the Central Graben and is sealed by overlying Lower Cretaceous marls and Upper Cretaceous Chalk Group. Reservoir quality is generally good with average net/gross of 85% and porosity of 21%, although permeability (Kh) exhibits a great deal of heterogeneity with a range of 0.1 to >10000 mD (average 300 mD). The reservoir suffers both sub-horizontal (floodplain shales) and vertical (faults) compartmentalization, as well as fracturing and a tar mat at the oil-water contact modifying flow and sweep of the reservoir. Expected recoverable reserves currently stand at 13 MMBBL.UK Carboniferous?3Hedemann, H.A. Teichmüller, R.19713Die Paläogeographische Entwicklung des Oberkarbons129-1428Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen19PalaeogeographyGermany Carboniferous6?4=Hedemann, H.-A. Schuster, A. Stancu-Kristoff, G. Lösch, J.1984mDie Verbreitung der Kohlenflöze des Oberkarbons in Nordwest-deutschland und ihre stratigraphische Einstufung39-888Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen32PalaeogeographyGermany Carboniferousc?5 Heederik, J.P. Huurdeman, A.J.N.1988|Geothermal study of the Central Graben (North Brabant): evaluation of the results of an exploratory geothermal well in Asten77-95.Geothermal energy and heat storage in aquifers40 Hooghart.J.C. The Hague*TNO Communication on Hydrological Research Geothermics NetherlandsGeneric5?6&Heeremans, M. Faleide, J. Larsen, B.T.2004NLate Carboniferous-Permian of NW Europe: an introduction to a new regional map75-883Permo-Carboniferous magmatism and rifting in Europe223QWilson, M. Neumann, E.-R. Davies, G.R. Timmerman, M.J. Heeremans, M. Larsen, B.T.London&Geological Society Special Publication MagmatismWestern EuropeCarboniferous-Permianinternal-pdf://Heeremans et al. (2004)-1044274177/Heeremans et al. (2004).pdf internal-pdf://Heeremans et al. (2004, map)-0842954753/Heeremans et al. (2004, map).pdfc?7Helle, K. Helland-Hansen, W.2009Genesis of an over-thickened shoreface sandstone tongue:The Rannoch and Etive formations of theMiddle Jurassic Brent delta,North Sea620-643Basin Research21Clastic sedimentology North SeaJurassicYinternal-pdf://Helle & Helland-Hansen (2009)-3606620416/Helle & Helland-Hansen (2009).pdfT?8 Helsen, S.1995yBurial history of Palaeozoic strata in Belgium as revealed by conodont colour alteration data and thickness distributions738-747Geologische Rundschau844cBelgium- Brabant-Massif burial- Campine- Carboniferous- color-alteration-index Conodonta- deposition- Devonian- Dinant-Basin Europe- microfossils- Namur-Basin Namur-Belgium P-T-conditions paleogeography- Paleozoic- provenance- reconstruction- Rocroi-Massif sedimentation- thermal-history thickness- Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Sedimentary-petrologyBurial historyBelgium Palaeozoic?9*Helsen, S. Fairon-Demaret, M. Bultynk, P.1997XEnigmatic plant mesofossil from the Visean of the Kortgene-1 well (southern Netherlands)79-82&Bull. Inst. Royal Sc. Nat. de Belgique67 Palaeontology Netherlands Carboniferous@?:Hengesbach, L.2006yMagnetotellurische Studien im Nordwestdeutschen Becken: Ein Beitrag zur paläogeographischen Entwicklung des Unterkarbons145Münster$Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität GeophysicsGermany Carboniferous=internal-pdf://diss_hengesbach-3725144577/diss_hengesbach.pdf?; Henk, Andreas1999Did the Variscides collapse or were they torn apart?; a quantitative evaluation of the driving forces for postconvergent extension in central Europe774-792 Tectonics185basins- Central-Europe crust- data-processing digital-simulation Europe- extension-tectonics geodynamics- geophysical-methods geophysical-profiles geophysical-surveys Hercynian-Orogeny lower-crust magmatism- mantle- models- orogeny- Paleozoic- plate-collision plate-convergence plate-tectonics reflection-methods sedimentary-basins seismic-methods seismic-profiles surveys- tectonics- upper-mantle upper-Paleozoic Solid-earth-geophysics Applied-geophysicsStructural GeologyEurope Palaeozoic?<*Henriet, J.P. De Batist, M. Verschuren, M.1991vEarly fracturing of Palaeogene clays, southernmost North Sea: relevance to mechanisms of primary hydrocarbon migration217-227@Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons1 Spencer, A.M.BerlinJSpecial Publication of the European Association of Petroleum GeoscientistsPetroleum Geology North SeaCenozoicIinternal-pdf://Henriet et al. (1991)-1992146449/Henriet et al. (1991).pdfp?= Herbig, H.-G2005|Die internationale Mississippium-Pennsylvanium-Grenze – Entwicklung des Konzeptes, Definition und Anwendung in Deutschland3-12OStratigraphie von Deutschland V - Das Oberkarbon (Pennsylvanium) in Deutschland254254 Wrede, V.Frankfurt a. M.Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg StratigraphyGermany Carboniferous9?>Herbig, H.-G Bender, P.1992nA eustatically driven calciturbidite sequence from the Dinantian II of the Eastern Rheinisches Schiefergebirge245-262Facies27Carbonate sedimentologyGermany CarboniferousMinternal-pdf://Bender & Herbig (1992) -3495068930/Bender & Herbig (1992) .pdf??5Hern, C. Nordlund, U. Zwan, C.J. van der Ladipo, K.2001nForward prediction of aeolian systems using fuzzy logic, constrained by data from recent and ancient analogues53-70"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences80Clastic sedimentologyGenericGeneric?@Herngreen, G.F.W.19735The so-called Kuhfeld Beds in the eastern Netherlands127-1373Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, nieuwe serie24Clastic sedimentology Netherlands Cretaceous?AHerngreen, G.F.W.1978MA preliminary dinoflagellate zonation of Aptian-Cenomanian in the Netherlands273-281 Palinologia1 Palaeontology Netherlands Cretaceous?BHerngreen, G.F.W.1984fDating Tertiary strata in seven boreholes in the Oldenzaal-Denekamp area (Twente), eastern Netherlands125-1533Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, nieuwe serie37 Stratigraphy NetherlandsTertiary?CHerngreen, G.F.W.1987dCorrelation between Miocene beds of the SE Netherlands and Italy based on dinoflagellate biozonation31-40=Mededelingen van de Werkgroep Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie24 StratigraphyWestern EuropeTertiary?DHerngreen, G.F.W. Boer, K.F. de1974LPalynology of Rhaetian, Liassic and Dogger strata in the eastern Netherlands343-368Geologie en Mijnbouw53 Palaeontology NetherlandsTriassic-Jurassic?EHerngreen, G.F.W. Boer, K.F. de1978MDinoflagellate zonation of Upper Dogger and Lowermost Malm in the Netherlands283-291 Palinologia1 Palaeontology NetherlandsJurassic?FHHerngreen, G.F.W. Boer, K.F. de Romein, B.J. Lissenberg, T. Wijker, N.C.1983<Middle Callovian beds in the Achterhoek, eastern Netherlands95-123%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst37 Stratigraphy NetherlandsJurassic7?G!Herngreen, G.F.W. de Boer, K.F.1985Palynology of the "Upper-Jurassic" Central Graben, Scruff, and Delfland Groups in the Dutch part of the North Sea continental shelf695-7140International Symposium on Jurassic Stratigraphy--Erlangen- Palaeontology North SeaJurassic,?HfHerngreen, G.F.W. Eilenbrecht, A.T.J.M. Gortemaker, R.E. Remmelts, G. Schuurman, H.A.H.M. J.W. Verbeek1996PUpper Cetaceous Chalk Group stratigraphy near the isle of Texel, the Netherlands1-63%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst56 Stratigraphy Netherlands Cretaceous?I8Herngreen, G.F.W. W.M. Felder M. Kedves J.P.M.T. Meessen1986IMicropaleontology of the Maestrichtian in borehole Bunde, The Netherlands1-70%Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology48 Palaeontology Netherlands Cretaceous%?J4Herngreen, G.F.W. Hartkopf-Fröder, C. Ruegg, G.H.J.1994}Age and depositional environment of the Kuhfeld Beds (Lower Cretaceous) in the Alstätte Embayment (W Germany, E Netherlands)375-391Geologie en Mijnbouw72 StratigraphyNetherlands and Germany Cretaceous?K2Herngreen, G.F.W. Kerstholt, S.J. Munsterman, D.K.2000{Callovian-Ryazanian (Upper Jurassic) palynostratigraphy of the Central North Sea Graben and Vlieland Basin, the Netherlands99Mededelingen TNO-NITG63 Stratigraphy NetherlandsJurassic?L+Herngreen, G.F.W. Kouwe, W.F.P. Wong, Th.E.2003The Jurassic in the Netherlands217-229%The Jurassic of Denmark and Greenland1Ineson,J.R. Surlyk, F.-3Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin Stratigraphy NetherlandsJurassic]?M!,Herngreen, G.F.W. Lissenberg, T. Witte, L.J.1988Dinoflagellate, sporomorph and micropaleontological zonation of Callovian to Ryazanian strata in the Central North Sea Graben, The Netherlands745-762@Proceedings 2nd International Symposium on Jurassic Stratigraphy--Lisboa- Palaeontology North SeaJurassic:?N,Herngreen, G.F.W. Lissenberg, T. Witte, L.J.1991HBiostratigraphy of Jurassic strata in the Dutch Central North Sea Graben16+The Jurassic in the Southern Central Trough16Michelsen, O. Frandsen, F.-*Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse series B Stratigraphy North SeaJurassic2?OgHerngreen, G.F.W. Schuurman, H.A.H.M. Verbeek, J.W. Brinkhuis, H. Burnett, J.A. Felder, W.M. Kedves, M.1998[Biostratigraphy of Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary strata in the Curfs quarry, the Netherlands3-57Mededelingen TNO-NITG61 Stratigraphy NetherlandsCretaceous-TertiairyG?P&Herngreen, G.F.W. Smit, R. Wong, Th.E.1991MUpper Jurassic-Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Vlieland Basin, The Netherlands17-19+The Jurassic in the Southern Central Trough16Michelsen, O. Frandsen, F.-*Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse series B Stratigraphy North SeaJurassic-Cretaceous?Q&Herngreen, G.F.W. Smit, R. Wong, Th.E.1991AStratigraphy and tectonics of the Vlieland basin, The Netherlands175-192@Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons1 Spencer, A.M.BerlinJSpecial Publication of the European Association of Petroleum GeoscientistsGeology North SeaMesozoicMinternal-pdf://Herngreen et al. (1991)-3887994385/Herngreen et al. (1991).pdf:?R!>Herngreen, G.F.W. van Hoeken-Klinkenberg, P.M.J. de Boer, K.F.1980^Some remarks on selected palynomorphs near the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in The Netherlands357-3677Proceedings IVth International Palynological Conference--- Palaeontology NetherlandsJurassic-Cretaceous?SHHerngreen, G.F.W. Van Konijnenburg - van Cittert, J.H.A. Oosterink, H.W.2005xNew geological data (Middle Triassic, Rhaetian-Liassic and Oligocene) of the Winterswijk quarry, the eastern Netherlands409-413"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences844Geology NetherlandsTriassicMinternal-pdf://Herngreen et al. (2005)-1329785344/Herngreen et al. (2005).pdf?THerngreen, G.F.W. Wong, Th. E.1989PRevision of the Late Jurassic stratigraphy of the Dutch Central North Sea Graben73-105Geologie en Mijnbouw68 Stratigraphy NetherlandsJurassicD?UHerngreen, G.F.W. Wong, Th.E.2007 Cretaceous127-150Geology of the Netherlands-(Wong, Th.E. Batjes, D.A.J. De Jager, J. Amsterdam)Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and SciencesGeology Netherlands CretaceousMinternal-pdf://Herngreen & Wong (2007)-1282082816/Herngreen & Wong (2007).pdfa?V Herngreen, G.W.F.2001Palynologisch onderzoek project PetroPlay – Analyse van ‘black-shale’ monsters uit de boringen Beesel-72, Geverik-1, Hengevelde-1, Joppe-1, Kemperkoul-1, Ruurlo-1, F11-01 en L05-04--01-074-BUtrecht1Netherlands Institute of Applied Geosciences NITG Palaeontology Netherlands Palaeozoic?WHess, J.C. Lippolt, H.J.198640Ar-39Ar ages of tonstein and tuff sanidines: new calibration points for the improvement of the Upper Carboniferous time scale143-154Chemical Geology59 StratigraphyWestern Europe Carboniferous?XHess, J.C. Lippolt, H.J.1986)Calibration of the Phanerozoic time scale143-154Chemical Geology59#Isotope Geoscience Section. 59; 2-3*absolute-age alkali-feldspar Ar-Ar Autunian- Carboniferous- Central-Europe clastic-rocks coal- Czechoslovakia- dates- Europe- evolution- feldspar-group framework-silicates geochronology- Germany- Hercynian-Orogeny IGCP- igneous-rocks lithostratigraphy- Lower-Permian Namurian- Netherlands- organic-residues orogeny- Paleozoic- Permian- Poland- pyroclastics- sanidine- sedimentary-rocks silicates- Stephanian- time-scales tonstein- tuff- Upper-Carboniferous volcanic-rocks volcaniclastics- West-Germany Western-Europe Westphalian- X-ray-data Geochronology StratigraphyGenericGeneric,?Y@Hesselbo, S.P. Deconinck, J.-F. Huggett, J.M. Morgans-Bell, H.S.2009vLate Jurassic palaeoclimatic change from clay mineralogy and gamma-ray spectrometry of the Kimmeridge Clay, Dorset, UK 1123-1133+Journal of the Geological Society of London1666ClimateUKJurassicK?Z#Heward, A. Schofield, P. Gluyas, J.2003wThe Rotliegend reservoir in Block 30/24, UK Central North Sea: including the Argyll (renamed Ardmore) and Innes fields 295-307Petroleum Geoscience94Petroleum GeologyUK RotliegendGinternal-pdf://Heward et al. (2003)-3791639296/Heward et al. (2003).pdf?[ Heybroek, P.1974/Explanation to tectonic maps of The Netherlands43-50Geologie en Mijnbouw53Structural Geology NetherlandsGeneric?\ Heybroek, P.1975BOn the structure of the Dutch part of the Central North Sea Graben3397Petroleum and the Continental shelf of northwest EuropeWoodland, A.W.LondonAppl. Sc. Publ.Structural Geology North SeaGeneric?]!&Heybroek, P. Haanstra, U. Erdman, D.A.1967,Observations on the geology of the North Sea-7th World Petroleum Congress- Mexico City-Geology North SeaGeneric?^ Higgs, R.2004eRoss and Bude Formations (Carboniferous, Ireland and England); reinterpreted as lake-shelf turbidites47-66Journal of Petroleum Geology271 basins- Bude-Formation carbonate-rocks Carboniferous- clastic-rocks depositional-environment England- Europe- flysch- foreland-basins Great-Britain Ireland- lacustrine-environment limestone- mudstone- Namurian- paleoenvironment- paleogeography- Paleozoic- petroleum- petroleum-engineering petroleum-exploration reservoir-properties Ross-Formation sandstone- sedimentary-rocks shale- turbidite- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Westphalian- Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Sedimentary-petrologyClastic sedimentology The Ross Formation (Namurian, Ireland) and the near-identical Bude Formation (Westphalian, England), both amply described in the literature, are used by oil companies as deep-sea-fan reservoir analogues. However, the Ross Formation is reinterpreted here, like the Bude Formation in recent publications, to be composed of river-fed turbidites deposited on the wave-influenced northern shelf of a Variscan foreland-basin lake, which also had a southern flysch trough. Key features of these formations are: (i) two classes of thin (<0.4 m) sandstone "event bed" in shale comprising (a) structureless turbidite-like beds, and (b) rippled beds with combined-flow ripples and/or hummocky cross-stratification, neither structure having previously been reported from the Ross Formation; (ii) "trademark" tabular packets (1-10 m) of amalgamated event beds which interfinger laterally with mudstones; (iii) sharp packet bases and tops; (iv) rare sinuous channel fills; and (v) rare thick (1-10 m) shale units, each containing a thin (cm-dm) fossiliferous band. The fossil bands are interpreted here as maximum flooding surfaces, reflecting glacioeustatic marine incursions over the lake spill point (sill), forcing the lake to rise and to turn marine or strongly brackish; these bands define Galloway-type depositional sequences 50-100 m thick. During eustatic falls, the lake was forced down to sill level, where it perched and turned fresh (desalination). Intervals containing sandstone packets are attributed to the falling-stage and lowstand systems tracts, each packet representing a higher-order lowstand systems tract. Packets are interpreted as tongue shaped, supplied by river-fed underflows. Packet bases (sharp) represent the storm-wave-graded equilibrium shelf profile, glacioeustatically forced to its lowstand position. On this erosion surface were deposited underflow turbidites produced by floods in the catchment. Occasional catastrophic storms on the lake shaved these turbidites and interfingering fair-weather muds back down to the equilibrium level, leaving behind a subsidence-accommodated increment whose surface was sculpted by storm wind and wave currents, forming hummocks, combined-flow ripples and erosional megaflutes. Whenever a river-fed underflow accompanied one of these storms, the resulting highly erosive combined flow carved a sinuous channel on the wave-sculpted equilibrium surface. Sandstone-shale intervals separating the sandstone packets are interpreted as transgressive and highstand systems tracts. They contain both turbidites and wave-modified turbidites (rippled beds), deposited on the out-of-equilibrium drowned shelf. A gradual rotation in sole-mark direction with time in both formations is attributed to a reversal of Coriolis deflection as the plate drifted north across the equator, causing underflows (deflected along-shelf geostrophically) to flow first NEwards and then SWwards on an inferred SE-facing shelf. The lack of evidence for emergence in the Ross and Bude Formations, in spite of the great thicknesses (460 m and 1,290 m, respectively) of these shallow-water deposits, is attributed to regulation of minimum water depth firstly by the lake sill blocking eustatically-forced exposure, and secondly by storm grading, preventing emergence by sedimentation.UK Carboniferous?_ Hijma, M.2009mFrom river valley to estuary. The early-mid Holocene transgression of the Rhine-Meuse valley, The Netherlands192UtrechtUtrecht UniversityPalaeogeography Netherlands Quaternary ?`Hijma, M. Cohen, K.M.2010FTiming and magnitude of the sea-level jump preluding the 8200 yr event275-278Geology383Clastic sedimentology Netherlands QuaternaryGinternal-pdf://Hijma & Cohen (2010)-4028231170/Hijma & Cohen (2010).pdf ~?aFHijma, M. Cohen, K.M. Hoffmann, G. Van der Spek, A.J.F. Stouthamer, E.2009From river valley to estuary: the evolution of the Rhine mouth in the early to middle Holocene (western Netherlands, Rhine-Meuse delta) 13-54"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences881Palaeogeography2The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the evolution of the early to middle Holocene Rhine-Meuse river mouths in the western Netherlands and to understand the observed spatial and temporal changes in facies. This is achieved by constructing three delta wide cross-sections using a newly accumulated database with thousands of core descriptions and cone penetration test results, together with a large set of pollen/diatom analyses and OSL/14C-dates. Most of the studied deposits accumulated in the fluvial-to-marine transition zone, a highly complex area due to the interaction of terrestrial and marine processes. Understanding how the facies change within this zone, is necessary to make correct palaeogeographic interpretations. We find a well preserved early to middle Holocene coastal prism resting on lowstand valley floors. Aggradation started after 9 ka cal BP as a result of rapid sea-level rise. Around 8 ka most parts of the study area were permanently flooded and under tidal influence. After 8 ka a bay-head delta was formed near Delft, meaning that little sand could reach the North Sea. Several subsequent avulsions resulted in a shift from the constantly retreating Rhine river mouth to the north. When after 6.5 ka the most northerly river course was formed (Oude Rijn), the central part of the palaeovalley was quickly transgressed and transformed into a large tidal basin. Shortly before 6 ka retrogradation of the coastline halted and tidal inlets began to close, marking the end of the early-middle Holocene transgression. This paper describes the transition from a fluvial valley to an estuary in unprecedented detail and enables more precise palaeo-reconstructions, evaluation of relative importance of fluvial and coastal processes in rapid transgressed river mouths, and more accurate sediment-budget calculations. The described and well illustrated (changes in) facies are coupled to lithogenetic units. This will aid detailed palaeogeographic interpretations from sedimentary successions, not only in the Netherlands, but also in other estuarine and deltaic regions. Netherlands Quaternaryi?bHillier, R.D. Cosgrove, J.W.2002yCore and seismic observations of overpressure-related deformation within Eocene sediments of the Outer Moray Firth, UKCS 141-149Petroleum Geoscience82Clastic sedimentology Cores from the Eocene Alba Field of the Outer Moray Firth, UKCS contain sandstone injections and bedding-parallel fibrous ‘beef’ veins. Both of these features are associated with high fluid pressure and the process of hydraulic fracturing. The orientation of the hydraulic fractures (along which sand injection occurred, or calcite precipitated) was controlled by the interplay of the stress field and the intrinsic anisotropy of the sediments. Seismic sections indicate that sand injection occurred on a larger scale than is apparent from the cores. Interpreted dykes (400 m long by 30 m wide) emanate from the margins of the Alba channel sandstone along fault planes. An analogy is drawn between these dykes, and the peripheral dykes formed at the margins of laccoliths as a result of the flexing and subsequent fracturing of the overlying strata. ‘Decompacting’ of ptygmatically folded dykes suggests that the process of hydraulic fracturing and sandstone intrusion initiated between burial depths of 40 to 400 m below seabed. North SeaTertiaryQinternal-pdf://Hillier & Cosgrove (2002)-3560952064/Hillier & Cosgrove (2002).pdf6?cHissink, D.J. Kampen, G.B. van 1911zVerslag van het onderzoek naar de scheikundige samenstelling der zoutlagen van de diepboring Plantegaarde in het jaar 190923KVerslagen van Landbouwkundige onderzoekingen der Rijkslandbouwproefstations9Natural resources Netherlands Zechstein ?dr\Hladil, Jindrich Bosak, Pavel Slavik, Ladislav Carew James, L. Mylroie John, E. Gersl, Milan2003Early diagenetic origin and persistence of gamma-ray and magnetosusceptibility patterns in platform carbonates; comparison of Devonian and Quaternary sections719-727"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth2816-19Bahamas- carbonate-platforms carbonate-rocks carbonate-sediments Caribbean-region Cenozoic- Central-Europe Czech-Republic Devonian- diagenesis- early-diagenesis Europe- gamma-ray-spectra geophysical-methods magnetic-methods magnetic-properties magnetic-susceptibility magnetostratigraphy- Moravia- paleomagnetism- Paleozoic- Quaternary- San-Salvador sedimentary-rocks sediments- spectra- West-Indies Stratigraphy Sedimentary-petrology GeochemistryGamma-ray logs from boreholes in the Middle-Upper Devonian carbonate platform of Moravia display tripartite anomalies at locations, where lithological and biostratigraphic data suggest the occurrence of 4th order sedimentary cycle boundaries. Further, where sedimentary boundaries have been changed by later development of caves (usually phreatic caves changed to unroofed caves--erosion), the carbonate infillings in these corroded cycle boundaries are marked by another pattern that consists of a smooth symmetrical peak on gamma-ray activity in vertical section. The details procured using gamma-ray spectrometric and magnetosusceptibility methods suggest that the upper peak of the tripartite pattern corresponds solely to uranium concentration (flooding surface). The middle peak is marked by a thorium signal and a magnetosusceptibility response from paramagnetic minerals (paleosols). The lower peak corresponds to trapped uranium and microbial magnetite in cemented rock pores (originally dysoxic microenvironments in calcite). The boundaries marked with filled caves display only one broad and symmetrical uranium-related peak, and the thorium peak that is roughly similar to that seen at normal boundaries, but it is shifted slightly downward. At boundaries with caves the magnetosusceptibility peaks are shifted downward considerably, and may even occur within the underlying host rock. The question of whether these patterns are a primary imprint of early diagenetic influences or a much later redistribution that originated during pressure solution and cementation, was answered by study of Late Quaternary sections on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. This pragmatic test on young carbonate sediments confirmed the early origin and fixation of these geophysical patterns.EuropeDevonian-Quaternary?eHoetz, H.L.J.G. Watters, D.G.1992MSeismic horizon attribute mapping for the Annerveen Gasfield, The Netherlands41-51 First Break10 Geophysics Netherlands RotliegendKinternal-pdf://Hoetz & Watters (1992)-3170002689/Hoetz & Watters (1992).pdf?f'Hoffmann, N. Joedicke, H. Horejschi, L.2005Regional distribution of the Lower Carboniferous Culm and Carboniferous limestone facies in the North German Basin; derived from magnetotelluric soundings323-3393Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft1562black-shale boreholes- carbonate-rocks Carboniferous- Central-Europe clastic-rocks cross-sections Culm- depositional-environment Dinantian- electrical-conductivity electrical-methods electrical-sounding Europe- geophysical-methods Germany- limestone- lithofacies- lithostratigraphy- magnetotelluric-methods marine-environment models- North-German-Basin paleogeography- Paleozoic- resistivity- sedimentary-rocks spatial-variations tectonics- Stratigraphy Structural-geology Applied-geophysics Geophysics Since about 10 years, magnetotelluric (MT) soundings have been carried out within the area of the North German Basin, in order to detect electrically highly conducting layers in pre-Permian sediments. As shown in detail, such conductors are most probably caused by highly coalified bitumen-and pyrite-rich black shales. Utilizing their high conductivity, the MT method may allow discriminating between the Lower Carboniferous stillwater (black/alum shales) facies and the less conductive Carboniferous limestone or flysch facies. Highly conducting layers in pre-Permian sediments are encountered in the most north-easterly part of the basin, on the islands of Rugen and Usedom and the mainland adjacent to the south, up to the Anklam fault. Here they are correlated with Cambro-Ordovician black shales (Scandinavian Alum shales). In contrast, good conductors southwest of the Lower Elbe may be correlated with black shales of the Lower Carboniferous stillwater facies (Rhenohercynian Alum shales). In the centre of the basin, good conductors are missing in the pre-Permian. Particularly the missing of the Lower Carboniferous conductor may be explained by the formation of a "North German Carbonate Platform", which was encountered in numerous drill holes on Rugen Island, and by the distribution of the Lower Carboniferous flysch facies, also known from many drill holes in North Germany. Recent MT results from the Emsland and East Friesland profiles are of specific interest for the understanding of the regional distribution of Lower Carboniferous black shales in the North German Basin. MT models suggest that the good conductor observed in the area of the Pompeckj-Block at depths of 7 to 9 km may be correlated with Lower Carboniferous black shales. This deep conductor is missing underneath the more mobile Lower Saxony Block to the south, but is replaced by another conductor at shallower depths between 5 and 6 km. This seems to be a regional peculiarity and may be correlated with Westphalian coal seams that acquired high coalification by deep subsidence during the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous followed by Upper Cretaceous inversion of this block. The absence of the deeper black shale layer is probably due to a "Lower Saxony Carbonate Platform" there at depth, instead of stillwater facies sediments. The MT results thus give the clue to the Lower Carboniferous facies distribution. Palaeogeographic maps of the North German Basin during the Lower Carboniferous will have to be modified because the black shales of the stillwater facies most probably extend much further to the north than previously suggested. Furthermore, a link between the Rhenohercynian Culm facies realm and the so-called Bowland shale facies or equivalents realm of the southern North Sea and Central England via the "East Friesland Basin" cannot be excluded. The Lower Carboniferous sedimentation area is characterised by typical horst and graben structures with corresponding patterns of carbonate and black shale facies distribution. The MT results suggest that the Cleaver Bank High of the southern North Sea and the eastern Netherlands may extend into the Lower Saxony Block and that the Northwest German Basin may form a genuine part of the Lower Carboniferous large-scale horst and graben system.Germany Carboniferous?g/Hoffmann, N. Lindert, W. Weyer, D. Illers, K.H.1975=Zum Unterkarbon-Vorkommen auf den Inseln Ruegen und Hiddensee851-873+Zeitschrift fuer Geologische Wissenschaften37biostratigraphy- Carboniferous- Central-Europe Culm- Dinantian- East-Germany Europe- Germany- Hiddensee-Island Kohlenkalk- lithostratigraphy- Mecklenburg-Western-Pomerania-Germany paleogeography- Paleozoic- Rugen-Island stratigraphy- StratigraphyPalaeogeographyGermany Carboniferous?h Hofker, J.19660Maestrichtian, Danian and Paleocene Foraminifera1-376Palaeontographica10 Palaeontology NetherlandsCretaceous-Tertiairy*?i#Hofmann, M. Voigt, T. Linnemann, U.2009{The sands of Pangea; U-Pb-LA-ICP-MS geochronology of detrital zircon grains; a case study of the Mesozoic of Central Europe140@Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Geowissenschaften63PalaeogeographyEuropeMesozoic?jFHofmann, Peter Duckensell, Martina Chpitsglous, Arkadi Schwark, Lorenz2005Geochemical and organic petrological characterization of the organic matter of lacustrine Eocene oil shales (Prinz von Hessen, Germany); reconstruction of the depositional environment155-168Journal of Paleolimnology332C-13-C-12 carbon- Cenozoic- Central-Europe cores- depositional-environment Eocene- Europe- facies- geochemistry- Germany- Hesse-Germany isotope-ratios isotopes- lacustrine-environment Lake-Prinz-von-Hessen lake-level-changes lithostratigraphy- Messel-Germany oil-shale organic-compounds paleoenvironment- Paleogene- paleolakes- sedimentary-rocks stable-isotopes Tertiary- total-organic-carbon Stratigraphy Isotope-geochemistryOrganic geochemistryGermanyTertiarys?k"Holdsworth, B. K. Collinson, J. D.1988"Millstone Grit cyclicity revisited132-152YSedimentation in a synorogenic basin complex; the Upper Carboniferous of Northwest Europe-Besly, B.M. Kelling, G.GlasgowBlackieVCarboniferous- clastic-rocks cyclic-processes England- Europe- Great-Britain lithofacies- Millstone-Grit Namurian- paleocurrents- Paleozoic- patterns- regression- salinity- sandstone- sea-level-changes sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- shale- stratigraphy- transgression- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Sedimentary-petrology StratigraphyUK Carboniferous?l Hollman, F.J.20011Integrated gas field development: The Anjum story95-102"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences80Petroleum Geology Netherlands Rotliegend?m7Hollmann, G. Klug, B. Schmitz, J. Stahl, E. Wellens, M.1997WSchneeren-Husum - zur Geologie einer Erdgaslagerstätte im Nordwestdeutschen Oberkarbon33-34Nds. Akad. Geowiss. Veröffl.13Petroleum GeologyGermany Carboniferous?n0Holloway, S. Jones, N.S. Creedy, D.P. Garner, K.2005fCan new technologies be used to exploit the coal resources in the Yorkshire-Nottinghamshire Coalfield?195-208XCarboniferous hydrocarbon geology - The southern North Sea and surrounding onshore areas7=Collinson, John D. Evans, David J. Holliday, D.W. Jones, N.S.-3Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional PublicationNatural resourcesUK Carboniferous?ooHollywood, J. M. Whorlow, C. V.1993iStructural development and hydrocarbon occurrence of the Carboniferous in the UK southern North Sea Basin689-696HPetroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th conference4 Parker, J.R.LondonThe Geological SocietyAtlantic-Ocean basins- Carboniferous- Europe- extension-tectonics faults- geophysical-methods geophysical-profiles geophysical-surveys Great-Britain North-Atlantic North-Sea Paleozoic- petroleum- petroleum-exploration sedimentary-basins seismic-methods seismic-profiles southern-North-Sea surveys- tectonics- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous vertical-seismic-profiles well-logging Western-Europe Westphalian- Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Structural-geologyPetroleum Geology North Sea CarboniferousMinternal-pdf://Hollywood&Whorlow, 1993-0587702030/Hollywood&Whorlow, 1993.pdf?pHoogteijling, P.J.1948#Radioactiviteit en bodemgesteldheid93Thesis AmsterdamVrije Universiteit Geochemistry NetherlandsGeneric?q'Hooker, P.J. O'Nions, R.K. Oxburg, E.R.1985:Helium isotopes in North Sea gas fields and the Rhine rift273-275Nature318 Geochemistry NetherlandsGeneric%?r Hooper, R.J. Goh, L.S. Dewey, F.1995MThe inversion history of the northeastern margin of the Broad Fourteens Basin307-317Basin Inversion88Buchanan, J.G. Buchanan, P.G.London&Geological Society Special PublicationStructural Geology North SeaGeneric|?s)Hoth, K.A. Lindert, W. Hoth, P. Weyer, D.2005kDas Oberkarbon des Nordrandes der Mitteleuropäischen Senke im Bereich Vorpommern, Rügen, Pommersche Bucht355-368OStratigraphie von Deutschland V - Das Oberkarbon (Pennsylvanium) in Deutschland254 Wrede, V.Frankfurt a. M.Cour. Forsch.-Inst. SenckenbergPalaeogeographyGermany Carboniferous?t)Hoth, P. Lindert, W. Hoth, K.A. Weyer, D.2005Das Oberkarbon des zentralen Bereiches der Mitteleuropäischen Senke in Norddeutschland (Südwest-Mecklenburg, Nordwest-Brandenburg, Altmark)335-354OStratigraphie von Deutschland V - Das Oberkarbon (Pennsylvanium) in Deutschland254 Wrede, V.Frankfurt a. M.Cour. Forsch.-Inst. SenckenbergPalaeogeographyGermany CarboniferousH?u.Hoth, P. Mingram, B. Lüders, V. Müller, E.P.2002Neue Indikationen für die Genese und Migration stickstoffreicher Erdgase in Norddeutschland - Analyse von Fluideinschüssen und N-Isotopenvariationen des Permokarbons566-571Erdöl Erdgas Kohle12Petroleum GeologyGermanyCarboniferous-Permian?vHoutgast, R.F. Van Balen, R.T.2000<Neotectonics of the Roer Valley Rift System, the Netherlands-Global and Planetary Change--Structural Geology NetherlandsCenozoic?w Houtman, H.J.1963HAspects of the development of some oil fields in the Western Netherlands131-146`Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie221Petroleum Geology Netherlands Cretaceous?xHowell, J. Mountney, N.1997Climatic cyclicity and accommodation space in arid to semi-arid depositional systems: an example from the Rotliegend Group of the UK southern North Sea63-86=Petroleum Geology of the Southern North Sea: Future Potential123#Ziegler, K. Turner, P. Daines, S.R.London&Geological Society Special PublicationClimate North Sea Rotliegend?yHubmann, B. Suttner, T.2007*Siluro-Devonian Alpine reefs and pavements95-107IPalaeozoic Reefs and Bioaccumulations: Climatic and Evolutionary Controls275GAlvaro, J.J. Aretz, M. Boulvain, F. Munnecke, A. Vachard, D. Vennin, E.LondonGeological SocietyCarbonate sedimentologyEuropeSilurian-DevonianKinternal-pdf://Hubmann & Suttner 2007-3039137793/Hubmann & Suttner 2007.pdf?z Huc, A.Y.1988IAspects of depositional processes of organic matter in sedimentary basins263-272Organic Geochemistry13Clastic sedimentologyGenericGeneric3internal-pdf://Huc (1988)-3377396480/Huc (1988).pdf?{ Hurst, C.19835Petroleum geology of the Gorm field, Danish North Sea157-168Geologie en MijnbouwPetroleum GeologyDenmark Cretaceous7internal-pdf://Hurst (1983)-3799685636/Hurst (1983).pdf?|*Huuse, M. Lykke-Andersen, H. Michelsen, O.20012Cenozoic evolution of the eastern Danish North Sea243-269Marine Geology177GeologyDenmarkCenozoicEinternal-pdf://Huuse et al. (2001)-2343852545/Huuse et al. (2001).pdf?}Huyghe, P. Mugnier, J.L.1994LIntra-plate stresses and basin inversion: A case from the Southern North Sea211-226Peri Tethyan platforms Roure, F.-Éditions TechnipStructural Geology North SeaGeneric;?~Huyghe, P. Mugnier, J.L.1995fA comparison of inverted basins of the Southern North Sea and inverted structures of the external Alps339-353Basin Inversion88Buchanan, J.G. Buchanan, P.G.London&Geological Society Special PublicationStructural GeologyWestern EuropeGeneric?Jackson, C.A.L. Larsen, E.2009Temporal and spatial development of a gravity-driven normal fault array; Middle-Upper Jurassic, South Viking Graben, northern North Sea388-402Journal of Structural Geology314Structural GeologyThree-dimensional seismic and well data from the South Viking Graben, northern North Sea Basin, is used to investigate the temporal and spatial development of a gravity-driven normal fault array above an evaporite-rich detachment. Two moderate throw (500-900m), Middle to Upper Jurassic normal faults (the Gudrun and Brynhild Faults) are developed within the study area. Both faults die-out laterally and tip-out upwards at different structural levels within the syn-rift succession. Both faults terminate downwards into Late Permian evaporites (Zechstein Group) and do not offset pre-evaporite basement units. This thin-skinned fault array developed in response to westwards tilting of the hangingwall of the South Viking Graben during Late Jurassic rifting, and consequent westward gliding and extensional break-up of units above the mechanically-weak evaporite horizon. Isochron mapping and well-based correlation of Middle to Upper Jurassic syn-rift units allow constraints to be placed on the temporal evolution of the fault array. Several stages of structural development are observed which document; (i) a period of relatively minor, early (i.e. pre-rift) halokinesis; (ii) variable spatial activity on individual faults within the array; and (iii) the progressive upslope migration of active faulting within the array as a whole. The progressive upslope migration of fault activity is interpreted to reflect progressive "unbuttressing" and extensional faulting of upslope, post-evaporite units. The overall structural style and kinematic evolution identified here shares many characteristics with both 'rift-raft tectonics' documented in other rifts developed above an evaporitic sub-stratum and 'raft tectonics' described from passive margin basins containing thick mobile salt or shale intervals. This style of fault array evolution differs from that observed in rifts lacking mobile layers at-depth and highlights the importance of these units in the structural development of rifts. North SeaJurassic?-Jackson, C.A.-L. Barber, G.P. Martinsen, O.J.2008Submarine slope morphology as a control on the development of sand-rich turbidite depositional systems: 3D seismic analysis of the Kyrre Fm (Upper Cretaceous), Måløy Slope, offshore Norway663-680Marine and Petroleum Geology25Clastic sedimentologyNorway CretaceousIinternal-pdf://Jackson et al. (2008)-3116973825/Jackson et al. (2008).pdf?2Jacobs, P. Sevens, E. De Batist, M. Henriet, J.-P.1991\Grain size-, facies- and sequence analysis of West Belgian Eocene continental shelf deposits931-955-Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie18Clastic sedimentologyBelgiumEocene?Jacque, M. Thouvenin, J.1975;Lower Tertiary tuffs and volcanic activity in the North Sea455-4657Petroleum and the Continental shelf of northwest Europe1Woodland, A.W.LondonAppl. Sc. Publ. Magmatism North SeaTertiary?(Jagt, J.W.M. Burnett, J. Kennedy, W.J. 1995KCampanian ammonites and nannofossils from southern Limburg, the Netherlands49-63%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst53 Palaeontology Netherlands Cretaceous?6Jagt, J.W.M. Felder, W.M. Dortangs, R.W. Severijns, J.1996pThe Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the Maastrichtian type area SE Netherlands, NE Belgium, a historical account107-118Geologie en Mijnbouw75HistoryNetherlands and BelgiumCretaceous-Tertiairy5?.Jagt, J.W.M. Fraaije, R.H.B. Van Bakel, B.W.M.2009A late Miocene astropectinid (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and associated ichnofossils from Liessel, province of Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands 127-131"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences882 Palaeontology NetherlandsCenozoicj?6Jakobsen, F. Ineson, J.R. Kristensen, L Stemmerik, L.2004{Characterization and zonation of a marly chalk reservoir: the Lower Cretaceous Valdemar Field of the Danish Central Graben 21-33Petroleum Geoscience101Petroleum GeologyDenmark CretaceousKinternal-pdf://Jakobsen et al. (2004)-0167953153/Jakobsen et al. (2004).pdf\?"Jankowski, B. David, F. Selter, V.1993cFacies complexes of the Upper Carboniferous in north-west Germany and their structural implications139-158(Rhenohercynian and subvariscan foldbelts&Gayer, R.A. Greiling, R.O. Vogel, A.K. WiesbadenInternational Monograph SeriesClastic sedimentologyGermany CarboniferousC? Japsen, P.1999nOverpressured Cenozoic shale mapped from velocity anomalies relative to a baseline for marine shale, North Sea321-336Petroleum Geoscience54 Geophysics'A study of interval velocities from almost a thousand wells reveals basinwide differences in physical properties of the Cenozoic deposits of the North Sea Basin. These differences relate primarily to the sediments below the mid-Miocene unconformity as testified by a subdivision of a subset of these wells. Velocity–depth anomalies are mapped relative to a constrained, normal velocity–depth trend derived for marine Jurassic shale: tt =465 · e-z/2435+180, where tt is transit time in µs m-1, and z is depth in metres below sea bed. The upper Cenozoic deposits are close to normal compaction, whereas anomalies for the lower Cenozoic sediments outline a zone of undercompaction in the Central North Sea that corresponds to the overpressure in the Upper Cretaceous–Danian Chalk. The overpressure results from a balance between the load of the upper Cenozoic deposits, and the draining determined by the thickness and sealing quality of the lower Cenozoic sediments. The shale trend may be more widely applicable to marine shale dominated by smectite/illite. This suggestion is based on the observed correspondence between velocity anomalies and pressure data, and due to the match between trends for marine shale of different ages in the North Sea and in the US Gulf Coast area over a significant velocity range. North SeaCenozoic9internal-pdf://Japsen (1999)-3826872832/Japsen (1999).pdf?qJapsen, P. Bruun, A. Fabricius, I.L. Rasmussen, R. Vejbæk, O.V. Pedersen, J.M. Mavko, G. Mogensen, C. Høier, C.2004xInfluence of porosity and pore fluid on acoustic properties of chalk: AVO response from oil, South Arne Field, North Sea319-330Petroleum Geoscience104 GeophysicsDenmark CretaceousGinternal-pdf://Japsen et al. (2004)-1762455297/Japsen et al. (2004).pdfF?AJapsen, P. Green, P.F. Nielsen, L.H. Rasmussen, E.S. Bidstrup, T.2007Mesozoic-Cenozoic exhumation events in the eastern North Sea Basin: amulti-disciplinary study based on palaeothermal, palaeoburial, stratigraphic and seismic dataBasin Research 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2007.00329.xBurial historyDenmarkGenericGinternal-pdf://Japsen et al. (2007)-1819286016/Japsen et al. (2007).pdf? Jedwab, J.1966;Les degats radiatifs dans le charbon uranifere du Schaetzel445-453Geologische Rundschau55 GeochemistryGermany Carboniferous?Jeremiah, J.M.2000mLower Cretaceous turbidites of the Moray Firth: sequence stratigraphical framework and reservoir distribution309-328Petroleum Geoscience64 StratigraphyZLower Cretaceous depositional systems of the Moray Firth are influenced by eustatic sea-level oscillations which have been dramatically overprinted by two major phases of pulsed tectonism, the Late Cimmerian and Austrian. The biostratigraphical resolution obtained has allowed the timing and differentiation of distinct tectonic/sequence boundaries, some of which are utilized as important seismo-stratigraphic markers. The construction of detailed facies maps for individual sequences has, in parallel, allowed an insight into the tectonic history of the main source areas during the Early Cretaceous. North Sea Cretaceous=internal-pdf://Jeremiah (2000)-3426290688/Jeremiah (2000).pdf?Johnson, G. A. L.1967CBasement control of Carboniferous sedimentation in northern England175-194/Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society36Part 2Carboniferous- England- Europe- Great-Britain North- Paleozoic- sedimentary-petrology sedimentation- structural-controls United-Kingdom Western-Europe Sedimentary-petrologyPalaeogeographyGeophysical evidence has provided an explanation for the disposition of massif and basinal structural regions in northern England. The massifs are underlain by granite masses of Caledonian age or older which have exerted a strong positive tectonic control since their emplacement in Devonian or earlier times. These positive structural regions formed gradually dwindling islands and uplands during Carboniferous times at least until the late Visean and in some cases considerably later. Structural basins and troughs surrounded the island areas and here great thicknesses of sediments were deposited. Deposition began in Tournaisian times and in some regions was a continuation of Old Red Sandstone sedimentation. Subsidence, forming basins of deposition and causing the initial Carboniferous marine transgression, is shown to be of tectonic origin. Early basin formation and later, and more widespread, epeirogenic subsidence are linked to isostatic uplift of the Caledonian mountain ranges following the mantle flow theory.UK Carboniferous?! Johnson, G. A. L. Tarling, D. H.1985AContinental convergence and closing seas during the Carboniferous163-168QCompte Rendu Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifere4-163-168-accretion- biogeography- Carboniferous- continental-drift Devonian- Gondwana- Laurasia- paleogeography- Paleozoic- plate-collision plate-convergence plate-tectonics stratigraphy- Stratigraphy Structural-geologyStructural Geology4Generic Carboniferousp?#Johnston, S.T. Gutierrez-Alonso, G.2009sThe North American Cordillera and West European Variscides: Contrasting interpretations of similar mountain systems516-525Gondwana Research172-3Structural GeologyWestern Europe Palaeozoiccinternal-pdf://Johnston & Gutierrez-Alonso (2010)-2721278978/Johnston & Gutierrez-Alonso (2010).pdfD?Jones, C. M. Chisholm, J. I.1997jThe Roaches and Ashover grits; sequence stratigraphic interpretation of a "turbidite-fronted delta" system45-68Geological Journal321YAshover-Grits Carboniferous- cross-bedding deltaic-environment England- Europe- Great-Britain lithofacies- Namurian- Paleozoic- Pennine-Basin planar-bedding-structures regression- Roaches-Grits sea-level-changes sedimentary-structures sequence-stratigraphy transgression- turbidite- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Stratigraphy StratigraphyUK Carboniferous&?Jones, G. Knipe, R.J.1996oSeismic attribute maps; application to structural interpretation and fault seal analysis in the North Sea Basin449-461 First Break14 Geophysics North SeaGenericGinternal-pdf://Jones & Knipe (1996)-2011167745/Jones & Knipe (1996).pdf?YJones, N.S. Glover, B.W.2005Fluvial sandbody architecture, cyclicity and sequence stratigraphical setting – implications for hydrocarbon reservoirs: the Westphalian C and D of the Osnabrϋck and Ibbenbϋren area, northwest Germany57-74XCarboniferous hydrocarbon geology - The southern North Sea and surrounding onshore areas77Collinson, J.D. Evans, D.J. Holliday, D.W. Jones, N.S.-3Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional PublicationPetroleum GeologyGermany CarboniferousIinternal-pdf://Jones & Glover (2005)-0792392706/Jones & Glover (2005).pdf?Jones, P.B. Clark, D.2009A gravity collapse origin for the Hampshire Basin, and its effect on the petroleum system of the Wytch Farm and other oilfields in southern England12 Reservoir367Petroleum GeologyUK Cretaceous.?!Jongmans, W.J.1928Geschichte, Einrichtung und Arbeitsmethoden des "Geologisch Bureau voor het Nederlandse Mijngebied" in Heerlen Niederl. Limburg313-396BCongres pour l'avancement des itudes de stratigraphie Carbonifère--Heerlen-History NetherlandsGeneric ?Jongmans, W.J.19444Geologisch onderzoekingen in Zuid- en Midden-Limburg277-288MVerhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap14 Kruizinga, P. 's Gravenhage Mouton & CoHistory NetherlandsGeneric?Jongmans, W.J.1954SSome interesting plants of the Zechstein of the boring Oostzaan 1 (The Netherlands)325-327Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift482 Palaeontology Netherlands Zechstein? Jongmans, W.J. Heide, S. van der1953BPaleontological notes on the Autunian of the boring Wanneperveen 166-68Geologie en Mijnbouw15 Palaeontology NetherlandsPermian-? !Jongmans, W.J. Rummelen, F.H. van1940LToelichting bij de kaart der onderafdelingen van het Karboon in Zuid-Limburg259-262--Heerlen'Geologisch Bureau Nederlands Mijngebied1Mededeling behorende bij Jaarverslag 1938 en 1939Geology- Netherlands CarboniferousI? !Jongmans, W.J. Rummelen, F.H. van1942hOverzicht van de gegevens der boringen in Zuid-Limburg, het Peelgebied en het direct aangrenzende gebied123-143--Heerlen'Geologisch Bureau Nederlands Mijngebied1Mededeling behorende bij Jaarverslag 1940 en 1941History- Netherlands Carboniferous?"Jongmans, W.J. van Rummelen, F. H.1941COverzicht van de gegevens der nieuwere diepboringen in Zuid-Limburg136-156Geologie en Mijnbouw5borings- Carboniferous- Carboniferous-Quaternary Cenozoic- Cretaceous- Europe- faults- historical-geology Limburg-Netherlands Mesozoic- Netherlands- Paleozoic- Quaternary- tectonics- Tertiary- Triassic- Western-Europe Structural-geology StratigraphySurvey of the data obtained from the recent deep borings in south Limburg, Netherlands. Formations from Quaternary through Tertiary, Cretaceous, Triassic, into the Carboniferous were penetrated. The fault system is diagrammed. Netherlands Carboniferous?+Juhasz-Holterman, M.H.A. Rademakers, P.C.M.1989CGrondwaterwinning voor de openbare drinkwatervoorziening in Limburg387-398Grondboor en Hamer43Natural resources NetherlandsGeneric?Jungerius, P.D. Wiggers, A.J.1983Geomorphological significance of paleosol analysis; a case study of a drift sand section with fossil podzols on the ice-pushed ridge west of Uelsen, W. Germany537-544Geologie en Mijnbouw62Clastic sedimentologyGermanyCenozoicWinternal-pdf://Jungerius and Wiggers (1983)-3894211332/Jungerius and Wiggers (1983).pdf?H Jureczka, J.1995tUseful accompanying minerals occurring in Carboniferous rocks of Poland. Coalbed methane. Upper Silesian Coal Basin.177-178"The Carboniferous system in Poland149Zdanowski, A. Żakowa, H. -)Prace Państowego Instytuto Geologicznego MineralogyPoland Carboniferous? Kasig, W.1980FDinantian carbonates in the Aachen region, Federal Republic of Germany44-52%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst32-6Carbonate sedimentologyGermany Carboniferous=?9Kazemeini, S.H. Juhlin, C. Zinck-Jorgensen, K. Norden, B.2009Application of the continuous wavelet transform on seismic data for mapping of channel deposits and gas detection at the CO (sub 2) SINK site, Ketzin, Germany111-123Geophysical Prospecting571 GeophysicsGermanyGenericN?Kearey, P. Brooks, M. Hill, I.2002*An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration262--Blackwell Science3 GeophysicsGenericGeneric-? Kędzior, A2001Identifcation of the fluvial-channel tracts based on thickness analysis: Zabrze beds (Namurian B) in the main anticline and Bytom-Dąbrowa trough of Upper Silesia coal basin, Poland.21-34&Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae71Clastic sedimentologyPoland Carboniferous?Keizer, J. Letsch, W.J.1963*Geology of the Tertiary of The Netherlands147-172`Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie221Geology NetherlandsTertiary?Kelch, H.J. Paulus, B.1980aDas Projekt Velpke-Asse-Devon im Rahmen der Suche nach einem präoberkarbonischen Erdgasstockwerk9-13Geologische Jahrbuch57Petroleum GeologyGermanyDevonian?Kelepertsis, A. E.1981aGeochemistry of uranium and thorium in some lower carboniferous sedimentary rocks (Great Britain)275-288Chemical Geology343-4 Geochemistry@Mass-spectrographic determination have been made on 32 limestones-dolostones and nine shales from the Lower Carboniferous succession of Anglesey Island. Uranium is found to be enriched in calcareous dark shales, which are rich in organic carbon, and were precipitated, in small amounts, in calcareous shales, pure shales and limestones/dolostones. In the carbonate rocks, U is associated principally with the soluble fraction, which represents the carbonate plus U loosely adsorbed on clay minerals. No correlation exists between U and organic carbon, and between U and phosphate. Analyses of the detrital and non-detrital fractions of twelve limestones showed that Th is mostly associated with the non-detrital fraction. Correlation tests between Th and K for 32 limestones showed that a median correlation exists between Th and K.UK Carboniferous?Kelling, G. Collinson, John D.1992Silesian239-273 The Geology of England and WalesDuff, P.M.D. Smith, A.J.LondonThe Geological SocietyGeologyUK Carboniferous? Kemna, H.A.2008cA Revised Stratigraphy for the Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene Deposits of the Lower Rhine Embayment91-106"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences871 StratigraphyThe Plio-Pleistocene succession in the Lower Rhine Embayment was subjected to a thorough revision of existing stratigraphic concepts. The deposits were studied at key sites in the type area near Venlo and in the large open-cast mine Hambach in the southern part of the Lower Rhine Embayment by means of sedimentological, petrographical, as well as palaeo- and rockmagnetic methods. The work has yielded improved insights of the drainage pattern and the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene depositional history of the region. As a result, a new comprehensive lithostratigraphical framework has been established. Study of the succession at Hambach showed the occurrence of deposits of the Rhine, Meuse and a local river in the Lower Pleistocene part of the succession. Paleo- and rockmagnetic studies of the deposits marking the transition from Pliocene to Pleistocene indicate that the Gauss- Matuyama magnetic reversal occurs several meters above the top of the Reuver Clay at Hambach. The study of the Lower Pleistocene succession in the type area has confirmed the recently new established lithostratigraphic framework of the Netherlands. As a consequence, the previous Dutch lithostratigraphic system which forms the basis of the chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene of NW Europe has been proven to be inappropriate and should be abandoned. This chronostratigraphic framework is based on the interpretation of palynological data and was first established in the Netherlands during the 1960s. The new lithostratigraphic concept has revealed numerous contradictions with the chronostratigraphic framework. Based on these results it is proposed to abandon the chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Early Pleistocene in northwestern Europe. GermanyCenozoic?%Kemp, S.J. Merriman, R.J. Bouch, J.E.2005ZClay mineral reaction progress - the maturity and burial history the Lias Group of England43-61 Clay Minerals40Burial historyUKJurassicAinternal-pdf://Kemp et al (2005)-1147132674/Kemp et al (2005).pdf? Kemper, E.1992-Die tiefe Unterkreide im Vechte-Dinkel Gebiet95--'Stichting Het Staringmonument te LosserGeology Netherlands Cretaceous-M? Kent, P. E.1966KThe structure of the concealed Carboniferous rocks of north-eastern England323-352/Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society35Part 3 Carboniferous- Carboniferous-rocks Carboniferous-structures England- Europe- faults- folds-and-faults geophysical-surveys Great-Britain Hercynian- Northeastern- Orogenies- Paleozoic- patterns- structural-geology surveys- United-Kingdom Western-Europe Structural-geologyStructural GeologyXAlthough the structures beneath the Permian unconformity in northeastern England are generally similar to the visible outcrops of the Pennines, new geophysical evidence reveals certain marked contrasts in the intensity of the folds and faults. From the middle coal measures horizon, structural complexity decreases progressively eastward. New troughs or gulfs have been discovered. The structural lines which bounded these basins in the later lower and early upper Carboniferous continue on to the shelf, but are not there associated with differential intra-Carboniferous (early Hercynian) movement on a significant scale. The later Hercynian folding did not produce large displacements east of the Carboniferous outcrops. Seismic surveys beneath the Fenland show the relief of the lower Carboniferous to be comparable with that of the overlying Permian. Within the concealed Carboniferous rocks, the vertical amplitude of movements associated with the early Hercynian disturbances is several times greater than that due to the late Hercynian phase. Both disturbances appear to be more epeirogenic than orogenic.UK Carboniferous? Kent, P. E.1985"Onshore oil exploration, 1930-196456-64Marine and Petroleum Geology2History NetherlandsGeneric?Kent, P.E. Walmsley, P.J.1970North Sea progress168-1815American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin54Petroleum Geology North SeaGeneric?Kershaw, S. Li, Y. Guo, L.2007eMicritic fabrics define sharp margins of Wenlock patch reefs (middle Silurian) in Gotland and England87-94IPalaeozoic Reefs and Bioaccumulations: Climatic and Evolutionary Controls275GAlvaro, J.J. Aretz, M. Boulvain, F. Munnecke, A. Vachard, D. Vennin, E.LondonGeological SocietyCarbonate sedimentologyUKSilurianCinternal-pdf://Kershaw et al 2007-0925513985/Kershaw et al 2007.pdf4? Kettel, D.1982TThe East Groningen Massif - Detection of an intrusive body by means of coalification203-210Geologie en Mijnbouw62#Kaaschieter, J.P.H. Reijers, T.J.A. The HaguePGK Magmatism NetherlandsGeneric9internal-pdf://Kettel (1983)-2045215748/Kettel (1983).pdf? Kettel, D.1988^Upper Carboniferous source rocks north and south of the Variscan Front (NW and Central Europe)170-181Marine and Petroleum Geology6Petroleum GeologyEurope Carboniferous?Keulen, H.J. Ruyters, H.M.J. 1981ZDe Visé-Puth opwelving in Zuid-Limburg: Voorbeeld van een geologisch-geofysisch onderzoek81-88"Miscellanea Geologica Coriovallana- Geophysics Netherlands Carboniferous??0Kiersnowski, H. Paul, J. Peryt, T.M. Smith, D.B.1995NPaleogeography and sedimentary history of the Southern Permian Basin in Europe119-136The Permian of Northern Pangea--Scholle, P.A. Peryt, T.M. Ulmer-Scholle, D.S.BerlinSpringer-VerlagPalaeogeographyWestern EuropePermian? Kimpe, W.F.M.1953tDoleritic and gabbroic instrusives in the Autunian (Lower Permian) of the boring Wanneperveen 1, eastern Netherlands57-65Geologie en Mijnbouw15 Magmatism NetherlandsPermian? Kimpe, W.F.M.1956GOlie en aardgas in bovencarbonische dolomietconcreties uit Zuid-Limburg149-158Geologie en Mijnbouw18Petroleum Geology Netherlands Carboniferous? Kimpe, W.F.M.1958LNieuwe vondsten van olie in concreties in het Boven-Carboon van Zuid-Limburg113-120Geologie en Mijnbouw20Petroleum Geology Netherlands Carboniferous? Kimpe, W.F.M.19628Le chimisme des eaux de la Craie du Limbourg-nierlandais285-295(Annales de la Societe Geologique du Nord80Natural resources Netherlands Cretaceous? Kimpe, W.F.M.1962pDie bisherigen Kaolin-Kohlentonsteine-Funde im Oberen Westfal A und Unteren Westfal B Südlimburgs (Niederlande)605-6188Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen32Clastic sedimentology Netherlands Carboniferous? Kimpe, W.F.M.19638Giochemie des eaux dans de Houiller du Limbourg Pays-Bas25-45`Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie211Natural resources Netherlands Carboniferous? Kimpe, W.F.M.1963UGanister, a refractory quartzite in theWestphalian A, South Limburg (The Netherlands)47-60`Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie212 Mineralogy Netherlands Carboniferous? Kimpe, W.F.M.1969yRipartition et caracthres pitrographiques des tonstein dans le Westphalien A et B du bassin houiller de Limbourg Pays-Bas249-260(Annales de la Societe Geologique du Nord89Clastic sedimentology Netherlands Carboniferous:? Kimpe, W.F.M.1973}The geology of the Carboniferous in the coalfield Beatrix in Central Limburg, The Netherlands and in the adjacent German area19-36`Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie29Geology Netherlands CarboniferousT?Kimpe, W.F.M. Bless, M. J. M. Bouckaert, J. Conil, R. Groessens, E. Meessen, J.P.M.Th. Poty, E. Streel, M. Thorez, J. Vanguestaine, M.1978OPaleozoic deposits east of the Brabant Massif in Belgium and in The Netherlands37-103%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst30GeologyNetherlands and Belgium Palaeozoic? Kirton, S.R.1984fCarboniferous volcanicity in England with special reference to the Westphalian of the E and W Midlands147-159!Journal of the Geological Society141 MagmatismUK Carboniferous?Klett, T.R. Gautier, D.L.1991-Reserve growth in oil fields of the North Sea179-190@Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons1 Spencer, A.M.BerlinJSpecial Publication of the European Association of Petroleum GeoscientistsPetroleum Geology North SeaGenericKinternal-pdf://Klett & Gautier (2005)-2461956625/Klett & Gautier (2005).pdf?Klett, T.R. Gautier, D.L.2005-Reserve growth in oil fields of the North Sea179-190Petroleum Geoscience11Petroleum Geology North SeaGenericKinternal-pdf://Klett & Gautier (2005)-3428832000/Klett & Gautier (2005).pdfk?LKlinkby, L. Kristensen, L. Nielsen, E.B. Zinck-Jørgensen, K. Stemmerik, L.2005oMapping and characterization of thin chalk reservoirs using data integration: the Kraka Field, Danish North Sea113-124Petroleum Geoscience11Petroleum GeologyDenmarkChalkIinternal-pdf://Klinkby et al. (2005)-2589670656/Klinkby et al. (2005).pdf?Klompmaker, A.2009Taphonomic bias on drill-hole predation intensities and paleoecology of Pliocene mollusks from Langenboom (Mill), the Netherlands772-779Palaios2411 Palaeontology NetherlandsCenozoico?UKloosterman, H.J. Kelly, R.S. Stammeijer, J. Hartung, M. Van Waarde, J. Chajecki, C.2003jSuccessful application of time-lapse seismic data in Shell Expro's Gannet Fields, Central North Sea, UKCS 25-34Petroleum Geoscience91 GeophysicsUKTertiaryQinternal-pdf://Kloosterman et al. (2003)-1744178176/Kloosterman et al. (2003).pdfV?Knaap, W.A. Coenen, M.J.1987#Exploration for oil and natural gas207-242GSeventy-five years of geology and mining in The Netherlands (1912-1987)--Visser, W.A. Zonneveld, J.I.S. van Loon, A.J. The Hague>Royal Geological and Mining Society of The Netherlands (KNGMG)Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric? Knipe, R.J.1997_Structure and prospectivity of Rotliegendes Gas Reservoirs in the Central Southern North Sea UK---Leeds1Rock Deformation Research Group, Leeds UniversityPetroleum Geology- North Sea Rotliegend? Knipping, M.2008rEarly and Middle Pleistocene pollen assemblages of deep core drillings in the northern Upper Rhine Graben, Germany51-66"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences871 PalaeontologyRecent core drillings, carried out during water-economic exploration in the area of Mannheim/Ludwigshafen/Schifferstadt (Rhine-Neckar region, Germany), have produced a more differentiated stratigraphic division of the Pleistocene sediments of the northern Upper Rhine Graben. Pollen analytical investigations as well as malacological, heavy mineral, palaeomagnetic and lithological research have led to a stratigraphic reinterpretation of the gravel layers and intermediate horizons. Based on the results of the pollen analyses, the Mannheim interglacial period in the upper intermediate horizon (Oberer Zwischenhorizont, OZH) cannot be assigned to the Eemian as stated earlier. The occurrence of Fagus, Celtis and Azolla, along with the results of malacological analyses, indicate a Cromerian age for the Mannheim Interglacial. In addition, a pollen sequence from a different interglacial in the core sediments from Schifferstadt could also be assigned to the Cromerian. The Schifferstadt Interglacial is divided into a lower optimum phase with high values of Ulmus, Quercus and Corylus while Carpinus is completely absent, and an upper optimum phase with low values of Carpinus. Fagus is absent in the whole sequence. The OZH comprises not only the two interglacial pollen sequences described above but also parts of at least four Middle Pleistocene Interglacials. In the lower part of the drillings in Schifferstadt and Ludwigshafen, which are assigned to the Early Pleistocene, pollen assemblages with Fagus are likely to correlate with parts of the Tiglian A substage. There is a clear change to a Tertiary type of pollen flora at 91 m at Schifferstadt and at 186 m in Ludwigshafen. Germany Quaternary? Kockel, F.1995LStructural and palaeogeographical development of the German North Sea sector96-Beiträge zur regionalen Geologie der Erde 26BerlinGebruder BorntraegerGeologyGermanyGeneric? Kockel, F.2002?Rifting processes in NW-Germany and the German North Sea Sector149-158"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences812Structural GeologyGermanyMesozoic? Kockel, F.2003VInversion structures in Central Europe – Expressions and reasons, an open discussion367-382"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences82Structural Geology NetherlandsGeneric? Kombrink, H.2008LThe Carboniferous of the Netherlands and surrounding areas; a basin analysis184UtrechtUtrecht UniversityGeology Netherlands Carboniferous u?)Kombrink, H. Bridge, J. S. Stouthamer, E.2007WThe alluvial architecture of the Coevorden Field (Upper Carboniferous), the Netherlands3-14"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences861alluvial-architecture bars- Carboniferous- channels- clastic-rocks Coevorden-Field cores- correlation- depositional-environment dimensions- Ems-Low Europe- Gronau-fault-zone mudstone- Netherlands- oil-and-gas-fields paleoclimatology- paleocurrents- paleogeography- Paleozoic- planar-bedding-structures reconstruction- sand-bodies sandstone- sedimentary-rocks sedimentary-structures tectonics- thickness- Tubbergen-Formation Upper-Carboniferous well-logs Western-Europe Westphalian- StratigraphyClastic sedimentology4A detailed reconstruction of the alluvial architecture of the Coevorden gas Field (Tubbergen Formation, Upper Carboniferous), which is located in the northeastern part of the Netherlands, is presented. This reconstruction is based on well logs, cross-sections and paleogeographic maps. Sedimentological analysis of a 93 m long core allowed to refine the interpretation of the depositional environment. Accurate width determinations are necessary to correctly correlate fluvial sandbodies and reconstruct alluvial architecture. Without using sedimentological information, sandbody width is likely to be overestimated. A method developed by Bridge and Type (2000) was used to calculate the width of one sandstone body from cross-set thicknesses. On the basis of this calculation and the paleogeographic reconstructions, it may be stated that on average the width of the channel belts we studied in the Coevorden field does not exceed 4 km. Moreover, our paleogeographic reconstructions, which point to a northwestern direction of paleoflow, are in accordance with earlier observations from the study area. The Tubbergen Formation and time-equivalent sediments in Germany are reviewed briefly to put the Coevorden Field in a regional context. The thickness of the Tubbergen Formation is approximately 450 m in our study area. In the adjacent German area, time-equivalent sedimentary sequences reach higher thicknesses. This may be attributed to tectonic movements along the Gronau Fault zone and the coming into existence of the Ems Low, of which the Coevorden Field is the westernmost part. Netherlands CarboniferousGinternal-pdf://Kombrink et al - NJG-3374321921/Kombrink et al - NJG.pdf?OKombrink, H. Leever, K. A. Van Wees, J. D. Van Bergen, F. David, P. Wong, T. E.2008Late Carboniferous foreland basin formation and Early Carboniferous stretching in Northwestern Europe - Inferences from quantitative subsidence analyses in the Netherlands377-395Basin Research20Structural Geology Netherlands Carboniferous]internal-pdf://Kombrink et al - Basin Research-1310703617/Kombrink et al - Basin Research.pdf?.Kombrink, H. van Lochem, H. van der Zwan, K.J.2010Seismic interpretation of Dinantian carbonate platforms in the Netherlands; implications for the palaeogeographical and structural development of the Northwest European Carboniferous Basin99-108+Journal of the Geological Society of London167 Geophysics Netherlands CarboniferousKinternal-pdf://Kombrink et al. (2010)-2869368065/Kombrink et al. (2010).pdfL?=Kombrink, H. Van Os, B. J. H. Van der Zwan, C.J. Wong, Th. E.2008JGeochemistry of marine bands in the Upper Carboniferous of the Netherlands309-322"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences874 Geochemistry Netherlands CarboniferousEinternal-pdf://Kombrink_NJG-87-4-3-3560814080/Kombrink_NJG-87-4-3.pdf? Konon, A.2006GBuckle folding in the Kielce Unit, Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland375-405Acta Geologica Polonica56Structural GeologyPolandGenerice?Kooi, H. Cloetingh, S.A.P.L.1989TIntraplate stresses and the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the central North Sea541-558DExtensional Tectonics and Stratigraphy of the North Atlantic Margins46Tankard, A.J. Balkwill, H.R.-3American Association of Petroleum Geologists MemoirStructural Geology North SeaCenozoic?)Kooi, H. Cloetingh, S.A.P.L. Remmelts, G.1989SIntraplate stresses and the stratigraphic evolution of the North Sea Central Graben49-72Geologie en Mijnbouw68Structural Geology North SeaCenozoic3?"Kooi, H. Hettema, M. Cloetingh, S.1991hLithospheric dynamics and the rapid Pliocene-Quaternary subsidence phase in the southern North Sea basin245-259Tectonophysics192Structural Geology North SeaCenozoicAinternal-pdf://Kooi et al (1991)-0590333185/Kooi et al (1991).pdf?Korn, D.2008_Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) calciturbidites in the northern Rhenish Mountains (Germany)151-173Geological Journal43Carbonate sedimentologyGermany Carboniferous5internal-pdf://Korn (2008)-2289610240/Korn (2008).pdfD?Korn, D. Kaufmann, B.2009{A high-resolution relative time scale for the Vise´an Stage (Carboniferous) of the Kulm Basin (Rhenish Mountains, Germany)306-321Geological Journal44 PalaeontologyGermany CarboniferousKinternal-pdf://Korn & Kaufmann (2009)-0084434190/Korn & Kaufmann (2009).pdf? Kornpihl, K.2005FTectono-sedimentary Evolution of the NE German Variscan Foreland Basin123BonnUniversity of BonnGeologyGermany CarboniferousCinternal-pdf://Kristijan Kormpihl-4161573890/Kristijan Kormpihl.pdfC?DKorte, C. Hesselbo, S.P. Jenkyns, H.C. Rickaby, R.E.M. Spoetl, C.2009Palaeoenvironmental significance of carbon- and oxygen-isotope stratigraphy of marine Triassic-Jurassic boundary sections in SW Britain431-445+Journal of the Geological Society of London166PalaeogeographyUKTriassic? Koster, E.A.1981/De indeling van het Phanerozoicum van Nederland356-362KNAG Geografisch Tijdschrift15 Stratigraphy Netherlands Phanerozoicu?Kosters, M. Donselaar, M. E.2003Syn-sedimentary faulting and the formation of localized reservoir sands; Carboniferous examples from the Campine Basin, Belgium and the Dutch offshore309-319Petroleum Geoscience94bAtlantic-Ocean Belgium- Caister-Sandstone Campine-Basin Carboniferous- clastic-rocks cores- depositional-environment Europe- faults- fluvial-environment geophysical-methods geophysical-profiles geophysical-surveys lacustrine-sedimentation lithofacies- Netherlands- North-Atlantic North-Sea offshore- Paleozoic- petroleum-engineering reservoir-properties sandstone- sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- seismic-methods seismic-profiles structural-controls surveys- syn-sedimentary-faults synsedimentary-processes tectonics- Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Westphalian- Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources GeophysicsThe Westphalian B in the Campine Basin in Belgium contains a low net-to-gross succession of fluvial channel and crevasse sandbodies embedded in lacustrine and floodplain claystone and siltstone. Study and correlation of closely spaced boreholes reveal a localized 15-25 m thick succession of stacked fluvial channel sandbodies in this overall low net-to-gross setting. This concentration of sandbodies is interpreted as the fill of a tectonically induced palaeo-valley based on the orientation of syn-sedimentary faults and the palaeogeographical setting of the Campine Basin, far away from the Westphalian Sea. The depositional model was used to interpret stacks of fluvial sandstone of the Caister Sandstone (Westphalian B) in the Dutch offshore and may guide finding economic reservoirs in the overall low net-to-gross labyrinth-type fluvial architecture in this area and in comparable structural settings.Netherlands and Belgium CarboniferousSinternal-pdf://Kosters & Donselaar (2003)-0761281026/Kosters & Donselaar (2003).pdf? Kotas, A.1995=Moravian-Silesian-Cracovian region. Upper Silesian Coal basin124-136)Prace Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego148GeologyPoland Carboniferous?;Kovalevych, V. Peryt, T.M. Beer, W. Geluk, M.C. Halas, S.2002xGeochemistry of Early Triassic seawater as indicated by study of the Röt halite in the Netherlands, Germany, and Poland549-563Chemical Geology182 GeochemistryEuropeTriassic(?Kozur, H. W. Bachmann, G.H.2008]Updated correlation of the Germanic Triassic with the Tethyan scale and assigned numeric ages53-58Berichte Geol. B.-A.76 StratigraphyGermanyTriassicMinternal-pdf://Kozur & Bachmann (2008)-4032323584/Kozur & Bachmann (2008).pdf? Kraft, Thomas1992eFaziesentwicklung vom floezleeren zum floezfuehrenden Oberkarbon (Namur B-C) im suedlichen Ruhrgebiet146 DGMK-Bericht384HamburgEDeutsche Gesellschaft fuer Mineraloelwissenschaft und Kohlechemie e Vboreholes- Carboniferous- Central-Europe coal-seams concentration- deltaic-environment deposition- environment- Europe- fluvial-environment fossils- Germany- interpretation- lithofacies- lithostratigraphy- marine-environment Namurian- North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany paleogeography- Paleozoic- pit-sections Rhenish-Schiefergebirge Ruhr- sedimentary-structures sedimentation- sorting- staining- Upper-Carboniferous well-logging Stratigraphy Sedimentary-petrologyClastic sedimentologyGermany Carboniferous-]?Kraus, M.J. Aslan, A.1999GPalaeosol sequences in floodplain environments: a hierarchical approach303-321APalaeoweathering, Palaeosurfaces and related Continental Deposits27Thiry, M. Simon-Coicon, R. -AInternational Association of Sedimentologists Special PublicationClastic sedimentologyGenericGeneric ?.Krawczyk, C. M. Eilts, F. Lassen, A. Thybo, H.2002Seismic evidence of Caledonian deformed crust and uppermost mantle structures in the northern part of the Trans-European suture zone, SW Baltic Sea215-244Tectonophysics3601-40Atlantic-Ocean Avalonia- Baltic-Sea Baltica- Caledonian-Orogeny crust- DEKORP- faults- geophysical-methods geophysical-profiles geophysical-surveys lithosphere- mantle- marine-methods Mohorovicic-discontinuity normal-faults North-Atlantic orogeny- Paleozoic- plate-collision plate-tectonics Precambrian- prestack-migration reflection-methods seismic-methods seismic-migration seismic-profiles shear-zones streamers- surveys- suture-zones Sveconorwegian-Orogeny tectonic-elements Trans-European-suture-zone upper-mantle Solid-earth-geophysics Applied-geophysics Geophysics Collisional structures from the closure of the Tornquist Ocean and subsequent amalgamation of Avalonia and Baltica during the Caledonian Orogeny in the northern part of the Trans-European suture zone (TESZ) in the SW Baltic Sea are investigated. A grid of marine reflection seismic lines was gathered in 1996 during the DEKORP-BASIN '96 campaign, shooting with an airgun array of 52 l total volume and recording with a digital streamer of up to 2.1 km length. The detailed reflection seismic analysis is mainly based on post-stack migrated sections of this survey, but one profile has also been processed by a pre-stack depth migration algorithm. The data provides well-constrained images of upper crustal reflectivity and lower crustal/uppermost mantle reflections. In the area of the Caledonian suture, a reflection pattern is observed with opposing dips in the upper crust and the uppermost mantle. Detailed analysis of dipping reflections in the upper crust provides evidence for two different sets of reflections, which are separated by the O-horizon, the main decollement of the Caledonian deformation complex. S-dipping reflections beneath the sub-Permian discontinuity and above the O-horizon are interpreted as Caledonian thrust structures. Beneath the O-horizon, SW-dipping reflections in the upper crust are interpreted as ductile shear zones and crustal deformation features that evolved during the Sveconorwegian Orogeny. The Caledonian deformation complex is subdivided into (1) S-dipping foreland thrusts in the north, (2) the S-dipping suture itself that shows increased reflectivity, and (3) apparently NE-dipping downfaulted sedimentary horizons south of the Avalonia-Baltica Suture, which may have been reactivated during Mesozoic normal faulting. The reflection Moho at 28-35 km depth appears to truncate a N-dipping mantle structure, which may represent remnant structures from Tornquist Ocean closure or late-collisional compressional shear planes in the upper mantle. A contour map of these mantle reflections indicates a consistent northward dip, which is steepest where there is strong bending of the Caledonian deformation front. The thin-skinned character of the Caledonian deformation complex and the fact that N-dipping mantle reflections do not truncate the Moho indicate that the Baltica crust was not mechanically involved in the Caledonian collision and, therefore, escaped deformation in this area.Northern Europe Palaeozoic? Krebs, W.1975eGeologische Aspekte der Tiefenexploration im Paläozoikum Norddeutschlands und der südlichen Nordsee277-284Erdöl-Erdgas Zeitschrift91Petroleum GeologyGermany Palaeozoic? Kriesels, P.20042Zechstein well engineering: A Groningen case study20-28&Squeezing salts - an expensive problemBreunese, J.M. Schroot, B.M.UtrechtTNO-NITG - EBNEngineering Geology Netherlands Zechstein?BKrings, S. Bless, M.J.M. Conil, R. Felder, P.J. Meessen, J.P.M.T.1987\Stratigraphic interpretation of the Thermae boreholes (Valkenburg a-d Geul, The Netherlands)9-38,Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique110 Stratigraphy NetherlandsGeneric?Krings, S. Langguth, H.-R.1987@Hydrogeology of Thermae boreholes South-Limburg, the Netherlands85-95,Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique110 Hydrogeology NetherlandsGeneric?Kroner, U. Mansy, J. L. Mazur, S. Aleksandrowski, P. Hann, H.P. Huckriede, H. Lacquement, F. Lamarche, J. Ledru, P. Pharaoh, T.C. Zedler, H. Zeh, A. Zulauf, G.2008Varsican Tectonics599-664The Geology of Central Europe1 McCann, T.LondonThe Geological Society Structural GeologyEuropeDevonian-Carboniferous9internal-pdf://Kroner (2008)-3555793665/Kroner (2008).PDF^?:Krooss, B. Plessen, B. Machel, H.G. Lueders, V. Littke, R.20080Origin and distribution of non-hydrocarbon gases433-458NDynamics of complex intracontinental basins. The Central European Basin System-.Littke, R. Bayer, U. Gajewski, D. Nelskamp, S.BerlinSpringer VerlagPetroleum GeologyWestern EuropeGeneric'?MKrooss, B.M. Friberg, L. Gensterblum, Y. Hollenstein, J. Prinz, D. Littke, R.2005aInvestigation of the pyrolytic liberation of molecular nitrogen from Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks 1023-1038'International Journal of Earth Sciences94 GeochemistryGeneric Palaeozoic?+Krooss, B.M. Leythaeuser, D. Schaefer, R.G.1992mThe quantification of diffusive hydrocarbon losses through caprock of natural gas reservoirs - a reevaluation405-4065American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin76Petroleum GeologyGenericGeneric ?!Kruijs, E. Donzé, A.1993<Revival of the Northeast Netherlands onshore Rotliegend play 1638-1639EInternational Conference American Association of Petroleum Geologists77 The Hague AAPG Bull.Petroleum Geology Netherlands RotliegendC? Krull, P.2005Paläogeographischer Rahmen3-12OStratigraphie von Deutschland V - Das Oberkarbon (Pennsylvanium) in Deutschland254 Wrede, V.Frankfurt a. M.Cour. Forsch.-Inst. SenckenbergPalaeogeographyGermany Carboniferous7internal-pdf://Krull (2005)-0526281998/Krull (2005).pdf? Krzywiec, P.2007fTectonics of the Lublin area (SE Poland) – new views based on results of seismic data interpretation1-18-Biuletyn Państwowego Instytuto Geologicznego422 GeophysicsPolandGeneric ? Krzywiec, P.2009Devonian–Cretaceous repeated subsidence and uplift along the Teisseyre–Tornquist zone in SE Poland — Insight from seismic data interpretation142-159Tectonophysics475Structural GeologyPolandDevonian-Cretaceous ??$Kuehn, V. Heydemann, A. Usdowski, E.2001sMineralogy of the upper Albian sediments from the Kirchrode I borehole with special emphasis on the clay mineralogy145-1591Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology1741-3Albian- ALBICORE- Boreal-Realm Central-Europe clastic-rocks clay-mineralogy clay-minerals claystone- cores- Cretaceous- Europe- experimental-studies Germany- Hanover-Germany infrared-spectra Kirchrode-Germany Lower-Cretaceous Lower-Saxony-Germany marine-environment marl- Mesozoic- mineral-composition montmorillonite- Northwestern-German-Plain sedimentary-rocks sheet-silicates shelf-environment silicates- spectra- upper-Albian X-ray-diffraction-data Stratigraphy Sedimentary-petrology Mineralogy5 The mineralogy of a 245m thick section of upper Albian marly clay stones to clayey marlstones from the Kirchrode I borehole (Lower Saxony Basin of NW Germany) has been studied by X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectrometry, chemical analysis and microscopy. The investigations were carried out on bulk samples and grain-size fractions. The mineralogy of the sediments is characterized by biogenous carbonates, mainly calcite, by terrigenous-detrital components and diagenetic minerals, often enriched in concretions. The calcite content fluctuates considerably (between 20 and 50%), most probably because of changes in the marine palaeoenvironment. Illite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite are the predominant clay minerals, but in changing portions. Chlorite and alkali feldspars were detected only in traces. Mixed-layer minerals such as illite/smectites (I/S) are also present, in higher amounts in the lower part and less in the upper part of the core. Reworked Upper Carboniferous mudstones and siltstones are interpreted to have delivered part of the well crystallized illite, kaolinite, chlorite and quartz. Montmorillonites and mixed-layer minerals together with kaolinite and illite may be inherited from weakly consolidated Jurassic sediments, Aptian and Albian claystones and marlstones, and from palaeosols. The increase in the proportion of montmorillonite among the clay minerals in the upper part of the upper Albian may be due to redistribution of volcanic sediments after either terrestrial or submarine alteration of volcanic ash. Volcanic activity is known in this area (e.g. the middle to upper Albian Flammenmergel at the southern margin of the Lower Saxony Basin) and around the North Atlantic throughout Aptian-Albian time. But in the Kirchrode I core, ash fall was identified as a source for montmorillonite in only one layer, namely at 87.25m, where high Zr and Nb concentrations were also found. The mineralogical composition of the concretionary material is generally a mixture of biogenous calcite, siliciclastic debris (quartz and clay minerals), and microcrystalline, diagenetically formed Fe-Mn carbonates (rhodochrosite, siderite) and carbonate-fluorapatite (francolite). Rhodochrosite is more abundant in the lower part, Mn-siderite in the upper part of the core. Concretions with fluorapatite (francolite) occur sporadically.Germany Cretaceous*?.Kuester, Y. Schramm, M Bornemann, O. Leiss, B.2009Bromide distribution characteristics of different Zechstein 2 rock salt sequences of the Southern Permian Basin; a comparison between bedded and domal salts 1368-1391 Sedimentology565 EvaporitesGermany Zechstein? Kuhlmann, G.2004hHigh resolution stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental changes in the southern North Sea during the Neogene205UtrechtUtrecht UniversityGeology North SeaTertiary=internal-pdf://Kuhlmann (2004)-1041262849/Kuhlmann (2004).pdf{?jKuhlmann, G. Langereis, C.G. Munsterman, D. Leeuwen, R.J. van Verreussel, R. Meulenkamp, J.E. Wong, Th.E.2006Intergrated chronostratigraphy of the Piocene-Pleistocene interval and its relation to the regional stratigraphical stages in the southern North Sea region19-35"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences851 Stratigraphy NetherlandsCenozoicD?Kuhlmann, G. Wong, T.E.2008xPliocene paleoenvironment evolution as interpreted from 3D-seismic data in the southern North Sea, Dutch offshore sector173-189Marine and Petroleum Geology25Geology North SeaTertiaryKinternal-pdf://Kuhlmann & Wong (2008)-2277393153/Kuhlmann & Wong (2008).pdf? Kuijper, R.P.1991:Petrology of a dolerite in Netherlands offshore well G17-233-97Scripta Geologica97 Petrology NetherlandsGenericB?Kus, J. Cramer, B. Kockel, F.2005Effect of a Cretaceous structural inversion and a postulated high heat flow event on petroleum of the western Lower Saxony Basin and the charge history of the Apeldorn field3-24"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences841Petroleum GeologyGermany Cretaceous? Kuyl, O.S.1973tPure Miocene quartz sands in Southern Limburg, The Netherlands, stratigraphical occurrence and regional distribution73-80MVerhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap29 Stratigraphy NetherlandsTertiary"? Kuyl, O.S.1975BLithostratigrafie van de Mio-Oligocene afzettingen in Zuid-Limburg56-63>Toelichting bij de geologische overzichtskaarten van Nederland#Zagwijn, W.H. Van Staalduinen, C.J.HaarlemRijks Geologische Dienst Stratigraphy NetherlandsTertiary? Kuyl, O.S.1983nThe inversion of part of the southern border of the Central Graben in South Limburg during the Late Cretaceous401-408Geologie en Mijnbouw62Structural Geology Netherlands Cretaceous?1Laban, C. Cameron, T.D.J. Schüttenhelm, R.T.E. 1984@Geologie van het Kwartair in de zuidelijke bocht van de Noordzee139-154=Mededelingen van de Werkgroep Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie21Geology North Sea QuaternaryU? Labry, H.1857gEssai d'une carte giologique d'une partie de l'arondissement de Maestricht duchi de Limbourg-hollandais- Ann. des trav. publ. de BelgiqueXVI{Verschenen als bijlage bij: van Swieten, P. Rapport avec les opirations de la sociiti de l'union minirale pour la NeerlandeGeology NetherlandsGeneric?.Lagaay, R.A., Collette, B.J. Schouten, J.A. 1967(Seismic profiling in the North Sea Basin351-355Geologie en Mijnbouw46 Geophysics North SeaGenericn?Laier, T. Obro, H.2009`Environmental and safety monitoring of the natural gas underground storage at Stenlille, Denmark81-92ZUnderground gas storage; worldwide experiences and future development in the UK and Europe313Evans, D.J. Chadwick, R.A.London&Geological Society Special PublicationPetroleum GeologyDenmarkGenericZ?$Lamarche, J. Scheck, M. Lewerenz, B.2003Heterogeneous tectonic inversion of the Mid-Polish Trough related to crustal architecture, sedimentary patterns and structural inheritance75-92Tectonophysics373Structural GeologyPolandMesozoicIinternal-pdf://Lamarche et al (2003)-3600188416/Lamarche et al (2003).pdf3?Langenaeker, V.2000yThe Campine Basin. Stratigraphy, structural geology, coalification and hydrocarbon potential for the Devonian to Jurassic142LeuvenLeuven UniversityGeologyBelgiumDevonian-JurassicCinternal-pdf://Langenaeker (2000)-0304936448/Langenaeker (2000).pdf?Langenaeker, V. Dusar, M.1992ySubsurface facies analysis of the Namurian and earliest Westphalian in the western part of the Campine Basin (N. Belgium)161-172Geologie en Mijnbouw71GeologyBelgium Carboniferousm?VLanson, Bruno Beaufort, Daniel Berger, Gilles Baradat, Julien Lacharpagne Jean, Claude1996Illitization of diagenetic kaolinite-to-dickite conversion series: late-stage diagenesis of the Lower Permian Rotliegend Sandstone reservoir, offshore of the Netherlands501-518Journal of Sedimentary Research663Atlantic-Ocean Broad-Fourteens-Basin clastic-rocks clay-minerals diagenesis- dickite- Europe- illitization- kaolinite- late-diagenesis Lower-Permian Netherlands- North-Atlantic North-Sea offshore- Paleozoic- Permian- petroleum- reservoir-rocks Rotliegendes- sandstone- sedimentary-rocks sheet-silicates silicates- southern-North-Sea transformations- Western-Europe Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Sedimentary-petrology Mineralogy Netherlands RotliegendEinternal-pdf://Lanson et al (1996)-0732146432/Lanson et al (1996).pdf7?ALanson, B. Beaufort, D. Berger, G. Petit, S. Lacharpagne, J.C.1995aEvolution of clay minerals crystallographic structure in the Dutch Roliegende sandstone reservoir243-265CCentres de Recherches Exploration-Production Elf Aquitaine Bulletin19 Mineralogy Netherlands Rotliegend`?.Latin, D.M. Dixon, J.E. Fitton, J.G. White, N.1990VMesozoic magmatic activity in the North Sea Basin: implications for stretching history207-227>Tectonic events responsible for Britain's oil and gas reserves55Hardman, R.F.P. Brooks, J.London&Geological Society Special Publication Magmatism North SeaMesozoic.?3Lauritzen Stein, Erik Hercman, Helena Glazek, Jerzy1996QPreliminary comparison between Norwegian and Polish speleothem growth frequencies81-83*Karst Waters Institute Special Publication2(absolute-age carbon-dioxide Carpathians- Cenozoic- Central-Europe climate- dates- Europe- glaciation- growth-rates Holocene- Jura-Mountains karst- Norway- Poland- Quaternary- Scandinavia- solution-features speleothems- Swiety-Krzyz-Mountains Tatra-Mountains Th-U Western-Europe Quaternary-geologyCarbonate sedimentologyEuropeCenozoic?0Laveine, J.Pierre Zhang, Shanzhen Lemoigne, Yves2002dPaleobotany and paleogeography, an example from the Upper Carboniferous; some methodological aspects360-370/Memoir Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists19<Asia- assemblages- biogeography- Carboniferous- communities- eastern-Asia Eurasian-Plate Indian-Plate microcontinents- paleoecology- paleogeography- Paleozoic- Plantae- plate-collision plate-tectonics quantitative-analysis Southeast-Asia statistical-analysis three-dimensional-models Upper-Carboniferous Stratigraphy Palaeontology`Fossil-plant taxa can be used for paleogeographic purposes if several methodological requirements are met. Their paleogeographic significance can be estimated only from a case-by-case analysis of their global distribution, from which their respective means of dispersal can be derived. The obligation of proceeding through case-by-case analyses implies the fundamental prerequisite of a sound systematic approach to the fossil taxa under consideration. The diverse information and conclusions published in the last decade on the distribution of upper Paleozoic floras in East Asia and Southeast Asia provide significant examples illustrating the necessity of a clear methodological and systematical approach. The critical analysis of these results furnish clues for further field investigations. This will improve our understanding of Carboniferous paleogeography.Global Carboniferous?rLaw, A. Raymond, A. White, G. Atkinson, A. Clifton, M. Atherton, T. Dawes, I. Robertson, E. Melvin, A. Brayley, S.2000%The Kopervik fairway, Moray Firth, UK265-274Petroleum Geoscience63Petroleum Geology?The Albian–Aptian sand fairway in the Outer Moray Firth of the United Kingdom Continental Shelf, informally referred to as the Kopervik fairway, poses considerable challenges to the explorationist, but has the potential to generate significant commercial reward. After an initial spate of activity in the mid 1970s, the Kopervik Sandstone remained largely ignored as a primary exploration target until the late 1990s, despite its excellent reservoir quality and proven charge. This renewed exploration effort led to a number of successful discoveries. As a result of this activity – and a willingness among operators along the fairway to share information – a large regional database is developing. Drawing on this, we summarize our current and historical understanding of the fairway, using existing discoveries as examples. North Sea CretaceousAinternal-pdf://Law et al. (2000)-0707829248/Law et al. (2000).pdf?,Lawrence, S. R. Coster, P. W. Ireland, R. J.1987}Structural development and petroleum potential of the northern flanks of the Craven Basin (Carboniferous), North-West England225-233&Petroleum geology of North West Europe-Brooks, J. Glennie, K.LondonGraham & Trotmanianticlines- block-structures Bowland-Basin Bowland-Shales Carboniferous- economic-geology England- Europe- evolution- faults- flexure- folds- genesis- geophysical-methods geophysical-surveys Great-Britain Lancaster-Fells maturity- migration- monoclines- northwestern-England Paleozoic- Pendle-Grits Pendleside-Limestone petroleum- reactivation- reservoir-rocks rifting- seismic-methods shear- source-rocks structural-geology subsidence- surveys- synclines- tectonics- tectonostratigraphy- traps- United-Kingdom Western-Europe Worston-Shales wrench-faults Structural-geology Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sourcesStructural GeologyUK Carboniferous ? Laznicka, P.1985AThe geological association of coal and metallic ores – a review1-71\Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits. Regional studies and specific deposits13 Wolf, K.H. -- GeochemistryGenericGenerics? Le Gall, B.1992^The deep structure of the Ardennes Variscan thrust belt from structural and ECORS seismic data531-546Journal of Structural Geology145accretionary-wedges Ardennes-France basins- Belgium- compression- crust- crustal-shortening decollement- deformation- Dinant-Thrust displacements- ductile-deformation ECORS- Europe- extension- faults- folds- France- geophysical-profiles mechanics- Midi-Thrust Namur-Belgium nappes- northwestern-France Rocroi-France seismic-profiles tectonophysics- thrust-faults Western-Europe Solid-earth-geophysicsStructural GeologyBelgium Palaeozoic?Leckie, G.G. Chew, K.J.19915The discovered hydrocarbon reserves of western Europe1-23@Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons1 Spencer, A.M.BerlinJSpecial Publication of the European Association of Petroleum GeoscientistsPetroleum GeologyWestern EuropeGenericGinternal-pdf://Leckie & Chew (1991)-2131269890/Leckie & Chew (1991).tif? Leclerc, B.G.1995CTechnical implications of the Alkmaar peak gas installation project64-80Mijnbouwkundige Vereniging-Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric?Lee, M.1984cDiagenesis of the Permian Rotliegendes Sandstone, North Sea: K-Ar, O18-O16, and petrologic evidence362Cleveland, OhioCase Western Reserve University Diagenesis North Sea Rotliegend?!Lee, M. Aronson, J.L. Savin, S.M.1985MK-Ar Dating of time of gas emplacement in Rotliegendes sandstone, Netherlands 1381-13855American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin69Petroleum Geology Netherlands Rotliegend?!Lee, M. Aronson, J.L. Savin, S.M.1989sTiming and conditions of Permian Rotliegend sandstone diagenesis, southern North Sea: K-Ar and oxygen isotopic data195-2155American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin73 Diagenesis North Sea Rotliegend? Leeder, M.R.1982lUpper Paleozoic basins of the British Isles - Caledonide inheritance versus Hercynian plate-margin processes479-491!Journal of the Geological Society139GeologyUK Palaeozoic? Leeder, M.R.1987CTectonic and palaeogeographic models for Lower Carboniferous Europe1-20European Dinantian Environments#Miller, J. Adams, A.E. Wright, V.P. ChichesterJohn Wiley & SonsGeologyWestern Europe Carboniferous?  Leeder, M. R.1988wRecent developments in Carboniferous geology; a critical review with implications for the British Isles and N.W. Europe73-100*Proceedings of the Geologists' Association992absolute-age Ar-Ar Carboniferous- clastic-rocks continental-drift cyclic-processes dates- dikes- England- Europe- extension- geochronology- Great-Britain intrusions- lithosphere- northwestern-Europe paleoclimatology- paleogeography- Paleozoic- plate-collision sea-floor-spreading sea-level-changes sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- tectonophysics- terranes- thickness- tonstein- transgression- United-Kingdom volcanism- Western-Europe Solid-earth-geophysics GeochronologyGeologyWestern Europe Carboniferous;?  Leeder, M. R.1992 Dinantian207-238Geology of England and WalesDuff, P.M.D. Smith, A.J.LondonThe Geological SocietyCarboniferous- Dinantian- England- Europe- Great-Britain Paleozoic- stratigraphy- United-Kingdom Wales- Western-Europe StratigraphyGeologyUK Carboniferous? Leeder, M. R. McMahon, A. H.1988CUpper Carboniferous (Silesian) basin subsidence in northern Britain43-52YSedimentation in a synorogenic basin complex; the Upper Carboniferous of Northwest Europe-Besly, B. M. Kelling, G.GlasgowBlackiebasalts- basins- Carboniferous- clastic-rocks England- equations- Europe- evolution- extension-tectonics faults- fluviodeltaic-sedimentation flysch- Great-Britain igneous-rocks intrusions- northern-Great-Britain Paleozoic- plutons- sedimentary-basins sedimentary-rocks Silesian- structural-geology subsidence- tectonics- thrust-faults United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous volcanic-rocks Western-Europe Structural-geologyStructural GeologyUK Carboniferous? @Leeder, M. R. Raiswell, R. Al Biatty, H. McMahon, A. Hardman, M.1990Carboniferous stratigraphy, sedimentation and correlation of Well 48-3-3 in the southern North Sea basin; integrated use of palynology, natural gamma/ sonic logs and carbon-sulphur geochemistry287-300+Journal of the Geological Society of London1472Pacoustical-logging anaerobic-environment Atlantic-Ocean biostratigraphy- carbon- Carboniferous- correlation- deltaic-environment fluvial-environment fresh-water-environment gamma-ray-methods geochemistry- geophysical-surveys interpretation- Langsettian- lithofacies- lithostratigraphy- marine-environment Marsdenian- microfossils- miospores- Namurian- North-Atlantic North-Sea paleogeography- paleosalinity- Paleozoic- palynomorphs- sedimentation- Silesian- southern-North-Sea stratigraphy- sulfur- surveys- Upper-Carboniferous well-logging wells- Westphalian- Yeadonian- zoning- Stratigraphy GeochemistryUK Carboniferous? (Legler, B. Gebhardt, U. Schneider, J. W.2005kLate Permian nonmarine-marine transitional profiles in the central Southern Permian Basin, northern Germany851-862'International Journal of Earth Sciences945-6algae- Arthropoda- basin-analysis basins- biofacies- biogenic-structures Bivalvia- Central-Europe Conodonta- Crustacea- depositional-environment Europe- Foraminifera- Gastropoda- Germany- ichnofossils- Invertebrata- Kupferschiefer- lake-level-changes lithostratigraphy- lithotypes- Mandibulata- marine-environment microfossils- Mollusca- Ostracoda- paleoenvironment- paleogeography- Paleozoic- Permian- petrography- Plantae- Protista- Rotliegendes- Schleswig-Holstein-Germany sea-level-changes sedimentary-basins sedimentary-rocks sedimentary-structures sedimentation- Southern-Permian-Basin terrestrial-environment transition-zones Upper-Permian Werra-Series Zechstein- Stratigraphy Sedimentary-petrologyPalaeogeographyGermanyPermian? Legrand, R.1968Le Massif du Brabant3-145PMém. Toelichtende Verhandelingen voor de Geologische en Mijnkaarten van België9GeologyBelgium Palaeozoic? Lervik, K.S.2006:Triassic lithostratigraphy of the Northern North Sea Basin93-116Norwegian Journal of Geology86 Stratigraphy North SeaTriassic9internal-pdf://Lervik (2006)-4250546176/Lervik (2006).pdf?Letsch, W.J. Sissingh, W.1983(Tertiary stratigraphy of The Netherlands305-318Geologie en Mijnbouw62 Stratigraphy NetherlandsTertiary?FLeveille, G.P. Knipe, R. More, C. Ellis, D.D. Jones, G. Allinson, G.J.1997nCompartmentalization of Rotliegendes gas reservoirs by sealing faults, Jupiter Fields area, southern North Sea87–104=Petroleum Geology of the southern North Sea: Future Potential123&Ziegler, K., Turner, P. & Daines, A.R.London&Geological Society Special PublicationPetroleum Geology North Sea Rotliegend?Liewig, N. Clauer, N.2000VK-Ar dating of varied microtextural illite in Permian gas reservoirs, northern Germany371-381 Clay Minerals35 MineralogyGermany RotliegendKinternal-pdf://Liewig & Clauer (2000)-4123888897/Liewig & Clauer (2000).pdfP?Lin, G. Nunn, J.A. Deming, D.2000kThermal buffering of sedimentary basins by basement rocks: implications arising from numerical simulations 299-307Petroleum Geoscience64 GeothermicsThe Earth’s crust releases or absorbs heat energy in response to changes in the thermal regime. Numerical simulations of basin-scale heat transport which use the sediment–basement interface as a thermal boundary assume that near-surface temperature changes have no effect on basement rocks and vice versa (unbuffered model). We test this assumption by comparing numerical models of transient fluid flow and heat transport in the Arkoma foreland basin with and without thermal buffering by basement rocks. Thermal buffering by basement rocks reduces cooling (by fresh water recharge) of deep basin sediments near the fold–thrust belt and reduces warming (by upward fluid discharge) of basin margin sediments. The unbuffered model predicts a temporary warming of basin margin sediments which is largely an artefact of the model thermal boundary conditions. In all cases, the buffered model produces no significant thermal transient. Exaggerated temperature predictions also can occur in numerical simulations of uplift and erosion or heat refraction.GenericGenericAinternal-pdf://Lin et al. (2000)-0372702464/Lin et al. (2000).pdf?Lipiec, Michal Matyja, Hanna1998Architektura depozycyjna basenu dolnokarbonskiego na obszarze pomorskim (Lower Carboniferous depositional structure of the sedimentary basin in Pomerania)101-112)Prace Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego165basin-analysis basins- biostratigraphy- Carboniferous- Central-Europe deposition- Dinantian- Europe- lithofacies- lithostratigraphy- Paleozoic- Poland- Polish-Lowland Pomerania- sedimentary-basins Sedimentary-petrologyPalaeogeographyPoland Carboniferoush? Lith, J.G.J.19830Gas Fields of Bergen concession, The Netherlands63-74NPetroleum Geology of the southeastern North Sea and the adjacent onshore areas-#Kaaschieter, J.P.H. Reijers, T.J.A.-YPetroleum Geological Circle of the Royal Geological and Mining Society of the NetherlandsPetroleum Geology Netherlands Rotliegend W?LLittke, R. Bueker, C. Hertle, M. Karg, H. Stroetmann Heinen, V. Oncken, Onno2000cHeat flow evolution, subsidence and erosion in the Rheno-Hercynian orogenic wedge of Central Europe231-255EOrogenic processes; quantification and modelling in the Variscan Belt179)Franke, W. Haak, V. Oncken, O. Tanner, D.London'Geological Society Special Publicationsbasins- Central-Europe erosion- Europe- Germany- heat-flow Hercynian-Orogeny hydrothermal-conditions macerals- magmatism- North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany numerical-models one-dimensional-models orogeny- overburden- paleogeography- Paleozoic- plate-tectonics reflectance- Rhenish-Schiefergebirge Rhenohercynian- rheology- rifting- Ruhr- sedimentary-basins subsidence- thermal-properties upper-Paleozoic vitrinite- Solid-earth-geophysicsBurial historyNumerical, thermal and rheological modelling techniques are applied to unravel the basin-forming processes and the heat flow and burial history of the Rheno-Hercynian fold belt (Rhenish Massif), the adjacent Subvariscan foreland (Ruhr Basin), and the intramontane Saar-Nahe Basin. Thermal history and crustal architecture in the study areas were affected mainly by the Variscan Orogeny during late Palaeozoic times. Calibration of the simulated thermal histories is primarily based on vitrinite reflectance and fission-track data. Mechanical modelling reveals average beta values of 1.7, reaching a maximum of 2.4 in the central basin (Mosel Graben) and at the transition to the Giessen Ocean to the south during Early Devonian rifting. This stage was associated with tholeiitic magmatism and an elevated heat flow of up to 110 m W m (super -2) , preserved in weakly overprinted syn-rift sediments. Average basal heat flow during maximum burial at the end of the Carboniferous period (i.e. the end of crustal shortening) was between 50 and 70 m W m (super -2) with a slight decrease from the Sub-variscan foreland basins towards the Rheno-Hercynian in the south. The values suggest average crustal thicknesses of between 32 and 36 km during late Carboniferous time. For the Saar-Nahe Basin, values between 50 and 75 m W/m (super 2) represent the thermal regime in the upper crust during the late Stephanian and early Permian time. Estimated eroded thicknesses of Palaeozoic sediments vary between 2500 m in the northern and central Ruhr Basin and more than 6000 m in the Osteifel and the Siegen Anticline within the Rheno-Hercynian, and between 1800 and 3600 m in the Saar-Nahe Basin. Fission-track data provide evidence for significant reheating during the Mesozoic era within the entire study area. This phase of heating, probably linked to North Atlantic rifting, coincides with post-Variscan ore formation and with major tectono-magmatic events in central Europe.Germany PalaeozoicEinternal-pdf://Littke et al (2000)-2112992769/Littke et al (2000).pdf &?BLittke, R. Bueker, C. Lueckge, A. Sachsenhofer, R. F. Welte, D. H.1994nA new evaluation of palaeo-heat flows and eroded thicknesses for the Carboniferous Ruhr basin, western Germany155-183%International Journal of Coal Geology263-4burial- Carboniferous- Central-Europe coal- coalification- Europe- Germany- heat-flow macerals- North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany organic-residues Paleozoic- reflectance- Ruhr- sedimentary-rocks vitrinite- Petrology-of-coalBurial historyPalaeo-heat flows and thicknesses of eroded Carboniferous overburden in the coal-bearing Ruhr basin (western Germany) were estimated using one-dimensional basin modelling techniques. Thermal and burial histories for 11 localities were calibrated by comparing measured and calculated vitrinite reflectance data, based on the assumption of pre-tectonic maturation. In contrast to former studies, the kinetic EASY%R (sub o) approach was applied for the calculation of vitrinite reflectance. Lopatin's TTI algorithm was used in addition for one well in order to demonstrate the impact of the selection of the algorithm for vitrinite reflectance calculation on the simulation results. Simulated palaeo-heat flows for the time of maximum burial (most probably in the Stephanian) range from 64 to 83 mW/m (super 2) and decrease towards the south. These heat flows are lower than values computed during earlier studies, but are still relatively high in comparison to recent foreland basins. The regional distribution of palaeo-heat flows indicates that the crust beneath the Ruhr basin was relatively thin and thickened towards the south at the end of the Carboniferous. After the Stephanian, 2200-3500 m of Carboniferous overburden were eroded. An observed southward increase in eroded thicknesses is caused by an uplift of the area studied, which decreased towards the north, at the end of the Variscan folding. Large thicknesses of deposited (and later eroded) Carboniferous sediments have to be postulated to explain the maturity data even along the present southern margin of the Ruhr basin. This indicates that the late Carboniferous sediments originally extended far to the south. Geological arguments suggest that the deposition of Carboniferous sediments in the entire Ruhr basin continued until the Stephanian.Germany Carboniferous"?0Littke, R. Krooss, B. Idiz, E. Frielingsdorf, J.1995pMolecular nitrogen in natural gas accumulations: Generation from sedimentary organic matter at high temperatures410-4305American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin79 GeochemistryGenericGenericE?(Littler, K. Hesselbo, S.P. Jenkyns, H.C.2010pA carbon-isotope perturbation at the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary: evidence from the Lias Group, NE England181-192Geological Magazine1472 GeochemistryUKJurassicIinternal-pdf://Littler et al. (2010)-1040080896/Littler et al. (2010).pdfw?^Lohr, T. Krawczyk, C.M. Tanner, D.C. Samiee, R. Endres, H. Oncken, O. Trappe, H. Kukla, P.A.2007nStrain partitioning due to salt: insights from interpretation of a 3D seismic data set in the NW German Basin 579-597Basin Research194Structural GeologyGermanyGenericCinternal-pdf://Lohr et al. (2007)-2660231941/Lohr et al. (2007).pdfD?Lokhorst, A. Wong, Th. E.2007Geothermal energy341-346Geology of the Netherlands-'Wong, Th.E. Batjes, D.A.J. De Jager, J. Amsterdam(Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences and Arts Geothermics NetherlandsGenericKinternal-pdf://Lokhorst & Wong (2007)-0896672000/Lokhorst & Wong (2007).pdf? Lokhorst, A. (ed.)1998 The northwest European gas atlas---/Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO Geochemistry 90-72869-60-5Western EuropeGenericKinternal-pdf://Lokhorst et al. (1997)-2840936960/Lokhorst et al. (1997).doc2?Lorenz, V. Nicholls, I.A.1976]The Permo-Carboniferous Basin and Range province of Europe. An application of plate tectonics313-342:The Continental Permian in Central, West, and South Europe- Falke, H. DordrechtReidelStructural GeologyEuropeCarboniferous-Permian? Luan, G. Steffan, E.M. Weber, R.1998;Optimizing Well Capazity in a Tight Carboniferous Reservoir-SPE Paper 39912-Petroleum GeologyGermany Carboniferous=?"Luchford, J. Gras, R. Fakorede. D.2002uReducing exploration and production risk by visualization and seismic classification: a case study from the North Sea677-685 First Break20 Geophysics North SeaGenericKinternal-pdf://Luchford et al. (2002)-1490745345/Luchford et al. (2002).pdf\? CLuijendijk, E Ter Voorde, M Van Balen, R. Verweij, H. Simmelink, H.2010RThermal state of the Roer Valley Graben, part of the European Cenozoic Rift System%doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2010.00466.xBasin Research Geothermics NetherlandsGenericMinternal-pdf://Luijendijk et al (2010)-1746883328/Luijendijk et al (2010).pdf?!&Lunenschloss, B. Bayer, U. Muchez. Ph.1997|Coalification anomalies induced by fluid flow at the Variscan thrust front: a numerical model of the palaeotemperature field271-275Geologie en Mijnbouw76 GeothermicsWestern Europe Carboniferous?"o(Lutgert, J. Mijnlieff, H. Breunese, J.N.2005mPredicting gas production from future gas discoveries in the Netherlands: quantity, location, timing, quality77-84pPetroleum geology; north-west Europe and global perspective; proceedings of the 6th Petroleum geology conference6Dore, A.G. Vining, B.A.LondonThe Geological SocietyPetroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric ?#!,Lutz, M. Kaaschieter, J.P.H. van Wijhe, D.H.1975UGeological factors controlling Rotliegend gas accumulations in the Mid-European Basin93-103(Proceedings 9th World Petroleum Congress--Tokyo-Petroleum GeologyEurope RotliegendA?$ Lynch, J.J.2004`Visualization and Interpretation of 3D Seismic in the Carboniferous of the UK Southern North Sea219-2253D Seismic Technology29DDavies, R.J. Cartwright, J.A. Stewart, M. Lappin, M. Underhill, J.R.LondonGeological Society Memoir Geophysics North Sea Carboniferous?%Mabille, C. Boulvain, F.2007Sedimentology and magnetic susceptibility of the Upper Eifelian-Lower Givetian (Middle Devonian) in SW Belgium: insights into carbonate platform initiation109-123IPalaeozoic Reefs and Bioaccumulations: Climatic and Evolutionary Controls275GAlvaro, J.J. Aretz, M. Boulvain, F. Munnecke, A. Vachard, D. Vennin, E.LondonGeological SocietyCarbonate sedimentologyBelgiumDevonianMinternal-pdf://Mabille & Boulvain 2007-1965999361/Mabille & Boulvain 2007.pdfY?&AMagri, F. Bayer, U. Pekdeger, A. Otto, R. Thomsen, C. Maiwald, U.2009tSalty groundwater flow in the shallow and deep aquifer systems of the Schleswig–Holstein area (North German Basin)183-194Tectonophysics470 HydrogeologyGermanyGenericEinternal-pdf://Magri et al. (2009)-2259187200/Magri et al. (2009).pdf?'*Makaske, B. Maas, G.J. Van Smeerdijk, D.G.2008)The age and origin of the Gelderse IJssel323-338"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences874Palaeogeography Netherlands Quaternary?(Mallon, A.J. Swarbrick, R.E.20024A compaction trend for non-reservoir North Sea Chalk517-539Marine and Petroleum Geology19 Subsidence North Sea Cretaceous?)Mann, D. M. Mackenzie, A. S.19908Prediction of pore fluid pressures in sedimentary basins55-65Marine and Petroleum Geology7Petroleum GeologyGenericGenericT?*6Marcussen, Ø. Faleide, J.I. Jahren, J. Bjørlykke, K.2010qMudstone compaction curves in basinmodelling: a study ofMesozoic and Cenozoic Sediments in the northern North Sea324-340Basin Research22Burial history North SeaGenericKinternal-pdf://Marcussen et al (2010)-2823115776/Marcussen et al (2010).pdf?+ Marie, J.P.P.1975(Rotliegendes Stratigraphy and Diagenesis205-2107Petroleum and the Continental shelf of northwest Europe-Woodland, A.W.LondonAppl. Sc. Publ. StratigraphyWestern Europe Rotliegend ~?,,Martin, C.A.L. Stewart, S.A. Doubleday, P.A.2002iUpper Carboniferous and Lower Permian tectonostratigraphy on the southern margin of the central North Sea731-749+Journal of the Geological Society of London159Part 6angular-unconformities Atlantic-Ocean Auk-Formation basalts- biostratigraphy- Carboniferous- central-North-Sea correlation- cross-stratification extension-faults faults- Flora-Sandstone geophysical-methods geophysical-profiles geophysical-surveys Grensen-Formation Grensen-Nose igneous-rocks Inge-Volcanics-Formation lithostratigraphy- Lower-Permian North-Atlantic North-Sea Paleozoic- Permian- petrography- petroleum- petroleum-exploration planar-bedding-structures Rotliegendes- Schooner-Formation sedimentary-structures seismic-methods seismic-profiles surveys- tectonostratigraphic-units unconformities- Upper-Carboniferous volcanic-rocks well-logs Stratigraphy Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sourcesGeologyHydrocarbon exploration in UK licence blocks 31/26 and 39/2 on the southern margin of the Central North Sea in 1996 and 1997 proved the presence of a Palaeozoic sedimentary succession, previously undescribed in the area. Biostratigraphic data from the sediments and radiometric dating of interbedded basaltic lavas indicate that the succession spans the Upper Carboniferous (Westphalian B) to Lower Permian (Asselian) interval; this has been informally split into three sedimentary units. The "Lower Flora Sandstone" is of Westphalian B-C age. This clastic interval is overlain by the first of two main lavas, which is in turn overlain by the Westphalian C-D to Stephanian "Upper Flora Sandstone". The Flora Sandstones are interpreted to be lithostratigraphic equivalents to the Schooner Formation of the Southern North Sea. The Flora Sandstones are separated from the "Grensen Formation" by an angular unconformity, possibly related to Variscan (Asturic) inversion. The Grensen Formation is in turn overlain by a second basaltic lava flow. Both basaltic units are assigned to the Inge Volcanics Formation, Rotliegend Group. Petrographic data indicate that the Grensen Formation also forms part of the Rotliegend Group. A major extensional event of Permian age post-dates all of these strata. Extensional faults are planed by a regional unconformity (Saalian unconformity) that is overstepped by Permian to Cretaceous strata. North SeaCarboniferous-Permianq?-0Martinsen, O.J. Collinson, J.D. Holdsworth, B.K.1995xMillstone Grit cyclicity revisited; II, Sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary responses to changes of relative sea-level305-327XSedimentary facies analysis; a tribute to the research and teaching of Harold G. Reading22 Plint, A.G.OxfordISpecial Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists Askrigg-Block Carboniferous- clastic-rocks Craven-Basin cyclic-processes cyclothems- England- Europe- Great-Britain Lancashire-England lithostratigraphy- marine-environment Millstone-Grit Namurian- northern-England Paleozoic- planar-bedding-structures sandstone- sea-level-changes sedimentary-rocks sedimentary-structures sequence-stratigraphy transgression- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Sedimentary-petrology Stratigraphy StratigraphyUK Carboniferous ?.?Marton, Emo Mansy Jean, Louis Averbuch, Olivier Csontos, Laszlo2000iThe Variscan Belt of northern France-southern Belgium; geodynamic implications of new palaeomagnetic data57-80Tectonophysics3241-2allochthons- Ardennes- Ardennes-France autochthons- Belgium- Boulonnais- Brabant-Massif Carboniferous- demagnetization- Devonian- Dinantian- Europe- France- geodynamics- Givet-France Hainaut-Belgium Hercynian-Orogeny magnetic-declination magnetization- northern-France orogenic-belts orogeny- paleolatitude- paleomagnetism- Paleozoic- Pas-de-Calais-France remagnetization- remanent-magnetization southern-Belgium tectonics- Tournai-Belgium Variscides- Western-Europe Stratigraphy Structural-geologyStructural Geology~Palaeomagnetic investigations were carried out in Devonian-early Carboniferous rocks of the Variscan foreland chain of Northern France-Southern Belgium in order to reveal the origin of its arcuate shape. The Brabant Parautochthon was sampled in the Boulonnais (near Calais) and near Tournai, while the Ardenne Allochthon was sampled near Maubeuge and in the Givet area. All the sampled localities yielded characteristic remanent magnetization as a result of stepwise demagnetization and component analysis. Fold or tilt tests were possible for three localities, with negative results indicating pervasive remagnetization. The tectonic position was sub-horizontal at two localities, while the tilt was monoclinal for the rest. Therefore, the acquisition time of the magnetic signals was estimated by comparing the palaeolatitude computed from each magnetic component to the palaeolatitudes of Variscan Europe calculated after Van der Voo (1993). Three components showing: A, a southern B, a near-Equatorial, and C, a northern palaeolatitude are recognized from our data. Since a pre-Variscan age of component A (observed only in Boulonnais, at 10 sites) is not supported by data, it is assigned to an early phase of deformation. Component B (16 sites) was acquired during the peak of the Variscan tectonics (late Westphalian), while component C (five sites) originated during Permian times. Regardless of the palaeolatitudes, declinations fall between 190 and 210 degrees , thus being conformable with the declinations expected for Variscan Europe. The declinations show no correlation with the arcuate shape of the belt, neither are they different in the Paraauthochthon and in the Allochthon, nor in the different components. Arc formation by moulding of the Allochthon on the Brabant Parautochthon is, therefore, not supported by these data, since this mechanism requires substantial (opposed) rotations on both wings of the arc. The available palaeomagnetic data are conformable with a pre-formed arc, simply docking to the Brabant obstacle of similar shape. Variable offsets along a main thrust make possible a third model, which slightly unfolds the former passive arc.Western Europe PalaeozoicEinternal-pdf://Marton et al (2000)-3388078593/Marton et al (2000).pdf?/!Mathes-Schmidt, Margret Elisabeth2000Mikrofazies, Sedimentationsgeschehen und palaeogeographische Entwicklung im Verlauf des oberen Viseums im Untergrund der Niederrheinischen Bucht und des Campine-Beckens245AachenRWTH aborehole-sections Carboniferous- Central-Europe Conodonta- Dinantian- Europe- foraminifera- Germany- Lower-Rhine-Graben marine-environment marine-sedimentation microfacies- microfossils- Netherlands- North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany Paleozoic- reconstruction- sedimentation- shallow-water-environment shelf-environment Visean- Western-Europe Areal-geologyCarbonate sedimentology Netherlands, Belgium and Germany CarboniferousKinternal-pdf://Mathes-Schmidt_Margret-0373164034/Mathes-Schmidt_Margret.pdf?0X Matyja, H.2006Stratygrafia i rozwój facjalny osadów dewonu i karbonu w basenie pomorskim i w zachodniej części basenu bałtyckiego a paleogeografia północnej części TESZ w późnym paleozoiku79-122)Prace Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego186PalaeogeographyPolandDevonian-Carboniferous?1 Matyja, H.2008UPomerania Basin (NW) Poland) and its sedimentary evolution during Mississipian times.123-150Geological Journal432-3PalaeogeographyPoland Carboniferous?2!0Maureau, G.T.F.R. van Wijhe, D.H. van Veen, F.R.1980DThe use of advanced seismic techniques to study carbonate reservoirs205-211*Proceedings Tenth World Petroleum Congress-- Bucharest- GeophysicsGenericGeneric?3!Maureau, G.T.F.R. Wijhe, D.H. van1979kThe prediction of porosity in the Permian (Zechstein 2) carbonate of eastern Netherlands using seismic data 1502-1517 Geophysics44 Geophysics Netherlands Zechstein ?4oMaynard, J.R. Dunay, R.E.1999PReservoirs of the Dinantian (Lower Carboniferous) play of the Southern North Sea729-745HPetroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 5th conference-Fleet, A.J. Boldy, S.A.R.LondonThe Geological SocietyPetroleum Geology North Sea CarboniferousMinternal-pdf://Maynard & Dunray (1999)-0042379008/Maynard & Dunray (1999).pdf?5Maynard, J.R. Gibson, J.P.2001QPotential for subtle traps in the Permian Rotliegend of the UK Southern North Sea301-314Petroleum Geoscience73Petroleum GeologyThe Permian, Rotliegend Group of the UK Southern North Sea is shown to consist of periodic, cyclic stratal packages which can be used to aid regional correlation in the zone of playa–erg interaction colloquially known as the Rotliegend Feather Edge. In this area, the depositional topography controls the sedimentary facies, with a concentration of aeolian sandstone deposition in the topographic depressions, especially in the lee of hills. These units onlap the contemporaneous intra-basinal and marginal highs. The palaeotopographic lows rapidly became infilled, with later lacustrine deposition occurring over a smoother surface. This allowed the deposition of finer-grained lake deposits over the sands. Prediction of the palaeotopography is key to understanding potential reservoir distribution and seal juxtaposition within the Rotliegend. This paper demonstrates how pre-Permian subcrop maps, Bouguer anomaly maps and the Rotliegend isopach can be used to reconstruct this palaeotopography. Two areas are studied which demonstrate some of the subtleties of the model. The southern Quadrant 42–43 area had a palaeotopography with gentle gradients and a number of subtle intrabasinal highs that allowed for isolated reservoirs overlain by shales with high sealing potential. In contrast, the northern Quadrant 49 area, contained only intra-basinal relief, with high palaeotopographic gradients. Aeolian sediments banked up against this barrier and no intra-Rotliegend seal was deposited over these sands. North Sea RotliegendMinternal-pdf://Maynard & Gibson (2001)-1528221440/Maynard & Gibson (2001).pdf?6IMaynard, J.R. Hofmann, W. Dunay, R.E. Benthan, P.N. Dean, K.P. Watson, I.1997JThe Carboniferous of Western Europe; the development of a petroleum system97-115Petroleum Geoscience32Atlantic-Ocean basins- biostratigraphy- burial- carbonate-ramps Carboniferous- chronostratigraphy- data-bases data-processing Europe- faults- foreland-basins lithostratigraphy- North-Atlantic North-Sea paleogeography- Paleozoic- petroleum- petroleum-exploration plate-tectonics primary-migration rifting- stratigraphy- strike-slip-faults subsidence- tectonics- thermal-maturity Western-Europe Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sourcesPetroleum Geology A consistent stratigraphic study of the western European Carboniferous Basin has allowed the generation of eight palaeogeographic timeslices. These illustrate a model of large scale eastern (dextral) tectonic escape on the northern side of a convergent margin and integrate the diverse tectonic and sedimentary settings observed within the basin as a whole. This model can be compared to the present day eastern Mediterranean, where a similar range of diverse tectonic settings are observed. Reservoir and source distribution is discussed for each time-slice along with the present distribution of Carboniferous oil and gas fields. Due to the diversity observed no unique play type can be distilled from the data to explain the distribution of hydrocarbons within the studied area.Western Europe CarboniferousGinternal-pdf://Maynard et al., 1997-2953366798/Maynard et al., 1997.pdf?7Maynard, J. R. Leeder, M. R.1992XOn the periodicity and magnitude of Late Carboniferous glacio-eustatic sea-level changes303-311+Journal of the Geological Society of London149Part 3Appalachians- basins- Carboniferous- Cenozoic- England- Europe- eustacy- glaciation- Great-Britain isotope-ratios isotopes- lithofacies- marine-environment mechanism- Midcontinent- Milankovitch-theory models- North-America O-18-O-16 oxygen- paleobathymetry- Paleozoic- Pennine-Basin periodicity- Pleistocene- Quaternary- sea-level-changes sedimentary-basins sedimentation- stable-isotopes transgression- United-Kingdom United-States Upper-Carboniferous Walsh-power-spectral-analysis Western-Europe StratigraphyPalaeogeographyGeneric Carboniferous?8+Maynard, J. R. Wignall, P. B. Varker, W. J.1991IA "hot" new shale facies from the Upper Carboniferous of northern England805-808+Journal of the Geological Society of London148Part 5Ammonoidea- Carboniferous- Cephalopoda- clastic-rocks depositional-environment England- Europe- Goniatites- Goniatitida- Goniatitidae- Great-Britain Invertebrata- marine-environment Mollusca- northern-England Paleozoic- Pennine-Basin petroleum- potential-deposits radioactivity- sedimentary-rocks sequence-stratigraphy shale- source-rocks Tetrabranchiata- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Sedimentary-petrologyClastic sedimentologyUK Carboniferous?9Mazur, S. Scheck-Wenderoth, S.2005Constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Central European Basin System revealed by seismic reflection profiles from Northern Germany389-401"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences844Structural GeologyGermanyGeneric?: McCann, T.1999iThe tectonosedimentary evolution of the northern margin of the Carboniferous foreland basin of NE Germany119-144Tectonophysics3131-2basin-analysis basins- Carboniferous- Central-Europe continental-margin depositional-environment Europe- foreland-basins geochemistry- Germany- Hercynian-Orogeny marine-environment Mecklenburg-Western-Pomerania-Germany North-German-Plain Northeastern-German-Plain northeastern-Germany orogeny- Paleozoic- petrography- provenance- Rugen-Island sea-level-changes sedimentary-basins sedimentary-rocks tectonic-elements tectonics- tectonostratigraphic-units terrestrial-environment Structural-geology Sedimentary-petrologyPalaeogeographybThe geometry and evolution of the northern margin of the Carboniferous foreland basin in NE Germany was examined in terms of depositional environments, petrographic and geochemical data. Lower Carboniferous units are carbonate-rich and predominantly marine. By Namurian times continental environments are established along the northern basin margin with turbiditic sedimentation persisting in the south. The Upper Carboniferous succession is continental and clastic. The sandstones were derived from a quartz-rich source, located to the north, with subordinate sedimentary input. Basin evolution and the development of a characteristic marine-to-continental sedimentary succession, while being predominantly controlled by flexure induced by the Variscan Orogen to the south, was also influenced by eustatic sea-level variations and more localised tectonic movements.Germany Carboniferous5internal-pdf://McCann-1999-2458234624/McCann-1999.pdf[?;McCann, T. Skompski, S. Poty, E. Dusar, M. Vozavora, A. Schneider J. Wetzel, A. Krainer, K. Kornpihl, K. Schaefer, A. Krings, M. Oplustil, S.2008 Carboniferous411-530BThe Geology of Central Europe. Volume 1: Precambrian and Paleozoic- McCann, T.LondonThe Geological SocietyGeologyWestern EuropeGeneric?< McKenzie, D.19785Some remarks on the development of sedimentary basins25-32#Earth and Planetary Science Letters40Structural GeologyGenericGeneric%?=\McKerrow, W. Stuart Mac Niocaill, C. Ahlberg, P. E. Clayton, G. Cleal, C. J. Eagar, R. M. C.2000<The late Palaeozoic relations between Gondwana and Laurussia9-20EOrogenic processes; quantification and modelling in the Variscan Belt179)Franke, W. Haak, V. Oncken, O. Tanner, D.London'Geological Society Special Publications Baltica- biogeography- continental-drift Europe- facies- Gondwana- Iapetus- Laurentia- Laurussia- Mediterranean-Sea paleoecology- paleoenvironment- paleogeography- paleomagnetism- Paleozoic- plate-tectonics reconstruction- suture-zones Tornquist-Sea upper-Paleozoic Solid-earth-geophysics PalaeontologykReconstructions based on biogeography, palaeomagnetism and facies distributions indicate that, in later Palaeozoic time, there were no wide oceans separating the major continents. During the Silurian and Early Devonian time, many oceans became narrower so that only the less mobile animals and plants remained distinct. There were several continental collisions: the Tornquist Sea (between Baltica and Avalonia) closed in Late Ordovician time, the Iapetus Ocean (between Laurentia and the newly merged continents of Baltica and Avalonia) closed in Silurian time, and the Rheic Ocean (between Avalonia and Gondwana and the separate parts of the Armorican Terrane Assemblage) closed (at least partially) towards the end of Early Devonian time. Each of these closures was reflected by migrations of non-marine plants and animals as well as by contemporary deformation. New maps, based on palaeomagnetic and faunal data, indicate that Gondwana was close to Laurussia during the Devonian and Carboniferous periods, with fragments of Bohemia and other parts of the Armorican Terrane Assemblage interspersed between. It follows that, after Early Devonian time, the Variscan oceans of central Europe can never have been very wide. The tectonic evolution of Europe during Devonian and Carboniferous time was thus more comparable with the present-day Mediterranean Sea than with the Pacific Ocean.Western Europe Palaeozoic%?>McKie, T. Williams, B.2009STriassic palaeogeography and fluvial dispersal across the northwest European Basins711-741Geological Journal44PalaeogeographyNorthwest EuropeTriassicMinternal-pdf://McKie & Williams (2009)-1208583438/McKie & Williams (2009).pdfL??McLean, D. Owens, B. Bodman, D.2004_Palynostratigraphy of the Upper Carboniferous Langsettian-Duckmantian stage boundary in Britain123-1353The palynology and micropalaeontology of boundaries230Beaudoin, A.B. Head, M.J.London*The Geological Society Special PublicationGondisporites-bulboides Hymenisporites-murdochensis assemblages- Atlantic-Ocean biostratigraphy- biozones- Carboniferous- Chesterfield-England Derbyshire-England Duckmantian- England- Europe- floral-list Great-Britain Langsettian- marine-environment microfossils- miospores- morphology- new-taxa North-Atlantic North-Sea paleoenvironment- Paleozoic- palynomorphs- pollen- Schulzospora-rara Sinuspores- stratigraphic-boundary stratotypes- taxonomy- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Stratigraphy PalaeontologyA critique of palynostratigraphic zonation schemes associated with the Langsettian-Duckmantian Stage boundary shows that, at high levels of stratigraphic resolution, most criteria used as palynological proxies for the position of the boundary are unsuitable. Most importantly, in the Duckmantian stratotype section the highest stratigraphic occurrence of the index species Schulzospora rara is above (rather than below or within) the Vanderbeckei Marine Band, the base of which defines the Duckmantian Stage. A cored section through the boundary in southern North Sea well 44/22-1 displays comparable microfloral distributions. While data are as yet too sparse to provide detailed answers, the findings have implications for understanding how marine flooding events affected Carboniferous microfloral evolution and extinction. Ultimately this influences how microfloral biozone boundaries relate to the regional European Upper Carboniferous stage boundaries, which are largely defined in relation to strata deposited during marine flooding events similar to that associated with the Langsettian-Duckmantian boundary. The miospore genus Sinuspores Artuz is emended, and two new taxa are described: Gondisporites bulboides sp. nov. and Hymenospora murdochensis sp. nov.UK Carboniferous?@"McNeil, B. Shaw, H.F. Rankin, A.H.1998The timing of cementation in the Rotliegend sandstones of the Southern North Sea: A petrological and fluid inclusion study of cements311-328Journal of Petroleum Geology213 Diagenesis North Sea Rotliegend?AMearns, E.W. McBride, J.J.1999Hydrocarbon filling history and reservoir continuity of oil fields evaluated using 87Sr-86Sr isotope ratio variations in formation water, with examples from the North Sea17-27Petroleum Geoscience51Petroleum GeologyZThis paper describes how 87Sr/86Sr ratios in formation waters are used to evaluate compartmentalization of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Strontium Isotope Residual Salt Analysis (SrRSA) of core samples provides a means of measuring 87Sr/86Sr ratios in formation water from hydrocarbon columns and aquifers. Smooth SrRSA profiles suggest progressive, uninterrupted, filling and the absence of sealed barriers, while a step change in a profile normally suggests a barrier sealed up-dip from the well penetration. Inferences about lateral connectivity are made by comparing SrRSA profiles from neighbouring wells at TVD. Profiles that are superimposed when plotted at TVD suggest the well sections share a common filling history and lie in the same flow unit. Neighbouring SrRSA profiles that are not superimposed normally suggest segmented compartmentalization of the reservoir. Post-fill structural tilting of reservoirs and hydrodynamism synchronous with filling are processes which complicate data interpretation. Drilling mud contamination of core water is the most serious technical limitation of the SrRSA technique. North SeaGenericMinternal-pdf://Mearns & McBride (1999)-0303125760/Mearns & McBride (1999).pdf?B Meessen, J.P.M.Th.1985cRapport betreffende het onderzoek naar microfossielen van een drietal trajecten van boring Ruurlo 1--2085-Rijks Geologische Dienst Palaeontology- Netherlands Carboniferous {?CMegson, J Hardman, R.2001iExploration for and development of hydrocarbons in the Chalk of the North Sea: a low permeability system 3-12Petroleum Geoscience71Petroleum GeologyD It is evident that all or most North Sea Chalk fields have dipping oil–water contacts and that some also have dipping free water levels. Furthermore, there are Chalk fields, such as South Arne (Denmark) and Joanne (UK) with steeply dipping oil–water contacts and a large element of non-structural trapping, while other discoveries, such as the recent Halfdan discovery northwest of the Danish Dan Field, have no element of structural trapping and appear to lie on a Tertiary migration pathway. It is also evident that the presence of North Sea Chalk oil, both as fields and shows, is localized and, generally, confined to areas of early source maturation – although there are exceptions, such as the UK Fife and Flora Chalk oil accumulations, which are distant from a source basin. We believe that these attributes reflect the same cause, that is the very low lateral and vertical permeability (typically 0.1 to 1 mD air permeability) of the Chalk system. Our hypothesis is that oil enters the Chalk from the Jurassic at a limited number of entry points within the early mature basin and, only if the oil reaches Chalk of relatively high permeabilities, normally the Tor Formation, does the oil migrate significant distances laterally. This oil migration occurs at geological timescales, i.e. kilometres over millions of years and we, therefore, have to consider the configuration of the Chalk – with respect to migration routes and traps – at the time the oil was injected into the Chalk and began to migrate through it, which was normally prior to the North Sea Miocene inversion and later tilting. There is considerable evidence for trapping in Chalk palaeostructural traps; oil migrated into a palaeohigh, segregated vertically and is trapped by the low oil relative permeabilities within the transition zone when the trap later tilts. Another trapping mechanism is the migration trap, as described for the Halfdan discovery in Denmark, where, in an area mature for Chalk exploration, oil has been discovered in continuity with the Dan Field but with a free water level 700 ft lower. This type of trap may contain significant reserves of oil in chalks of 1 mD permeability and, in recent years, it has become possible to exploit chalks of this nature commercially. It is also possible to develop these chalks when no effective natural fracture system exists. North SeaChalkMinternal-pdf://Megson & Hardman (2001)-2114843136/Megson & Hardman (2001).pdf?DMeijer, T. Cleveringa, P.2009yAminostratigraphy of middle and late Pleistocene deposits in the Netherlands and the southern part of the North Sea Basin326-345Global and Planetary Change684 Stratigraphy Netherlands Cenozoic?EMenning, M. Alekseev, A. S. Chuvashov, B. I. Davydov, V. I. Devuyst, F. X. Forke, H. C. Grunt, T. A. Hance, Luc Heckel, P. H. Izokh, N. G. Jin, Y. G. Jones, P. J. Kotlyar, G. V. Kozur, H. W. Nemyrovska, T. I. Schneider, J. W. Wang, X. D. Weddige, Karsten Weyer, Dieter Work, D. M.2006Global time scale and regional stratigraphic reference scales of central and west Europe, east Europe, Tethys, south China, and North America as used in the Devonian-Carboniferous-Permian Correlation Chart 2003 (DCP 2003)318-3721Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology2401-2Asia- bibliography- biostratigraphy- Brachiopoda- Carboniferous- Central-Europe China- Conodonta- correlation- DCP-2003 definition- Devonian- Devonian-Carboniferous-Permian-Correlation-Chart-2003 Europe- Far-East Foraminifera- global- Global-Stratotype-Section-and-Point Graptolithina- GSSP- Invertebrata- lithostratigraphy- marine-environment microfossils- New-York North-America Paleozoic- Permian- Protista- range- sedimentary-rocks southern-China terrestrial-environment Tethys- time-scales United-States Western-Europe Stratigraphy StratigraphyLThe boundaries of the Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian stages of the Global Stratigraphic Reference Scale (abbreviated to Global Stratigraphic Scale-GSS) are described in relation to the biostratigraphic and/or lithostratigraphic units of the Regional Stratigraphic Reference Scales (abbreviated to Regional Stratigraphic Scales-RSS) of Central and West Europe, East Europe, Tethys, South China (eastern Tethys), and North America. In their type regions the boundaries of GSS units rarely coincide with those of homonymous RSS units. Moreover, the definitions of some RSS units have changed several times over the last decades, and subsequent misunderstanding of the stratigraphical significance of these changes has often introduced errors into proposed global correlation charts. The stratigraphic framework proposed in our global Devonian-Carboniferous-Permian Correlation Chart 2003 [DCP 2003 (Devonian-Carboniferous-Permian Correlation Chart 2003, Menning, M., Schneider, J. W., Alekseev, A. S., Amon, E. O., Becker, G., von Bitter, P. H., Boardman, D. R., Bogoslovskaya, M., Braun, A., Brocke, R., Chernykh, V., Chuvashov, B. I., Clayton, G., Dusar, M., Davydov, V. I., Dybova-Jachowicz, S., Forke, H. C., Gibling, M., Gilmour, E. H., Goretzki, J., Grunt, T. A., Hance, L., Heckel, P. H., Izokh, N. G., Jansen, U., Jin Y. G., Jones, P., Kading, K. Ch., Kerp, H., Kiersnowski, H., Klets, A., Klug, Ch., Korn, D., Kossovaya, O., Kotlyar, G. V., Kozur, H. W., Laveine, J. P., Martens, Th., Nemyrovska, T. I., Nigmadganov, A. I., Paech, H. J., Peryt, T. M., Rohn, R., Roscher, M., Rubidge, B., Schiappa, T. A., Schindler, E., Skompski, S., Ueno, K., Utting, J., Vdovenko, M. V., Villa, E., Voigt, S., Wahlman, G. P., Wardlaw, B. R., Warrington, G., Weddige, K., Werneburg, R., Weyer, D., Wilde, V., Winkler Prins, C. F., Work, D. M., 2004). Abschluszkolloquium DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm 1054: Evolution des Systems Erde wahrend des jungeren Palaozoikums im Spiegel der Sedimentgeochemie. Abstracts Univ. Erlangen, Germany, 2004, p. 43.] (herein abbreviated to DCP 2003, and cited as DCP, 2003 in references) is an attempt to reduce these errors. The DCP 2003 is the stratigraphic base for Project 1054 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) "The evolution of the Late Palaeozoic in the light of sedimentary geochemistry". This composite time scale has been carefully balanced, as far as data allows, to remove unnecessary, artificial compression and expansion of time intervals, biozonations and depositional events. The ages selected in DCP 2003 are markedly different to those in the Geologic Time Scale 1989 [GTS 1989 (Harland, W. B., Armstrong, R. L., Cox, A. V., Craig, L. E., Smith, A. G., Smith, D. G., 1990). A geologic time scale 1989. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.; Harland, W. B., Armstrong, R. L., Cox, A. V., Craig, L. E., Smith, A. G., Smith, D. G., 1990. A geologic time scale 1989. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 1-263.] and in Gradstein and Ogg [Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J., 1996. A Phanerozoic time scale. Episodes 19 (1/2), 3-4, insert.), whereas they are closer to those of the Geologic Time Scale 2004 [GTS 2004; Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Smith, A. G., 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 1-589.]. Mostly, the ages are rounded to the nearest 0.5 Ma in order to avoid estimates of questionable accuracy, whereas ages of 0.1 Ma in the GTS 2004 and their error bars of + or -0.4 Ma to + or -2.8 Ma for the Devonian to Permian stage boundaries suggest an improved accuracy. In contrast, in the DCP 2003 questionable ages and positions of stratigraphic boundaries are marked by arrows.GlobalGeneric?F+Menning, M. German-Stratigraphic-Commission2002A geologic timescale 2002-#Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2002-German Stratigraphic Commission-- StratigraphyGlobalGeneric,?GCMenning, M. Weyer, D. Drozdzewski, G. van Amerom, H.W.J. Wendt, I.2000A Carboniferous Time Scale 2000: discussion and use of geological parameters as time indicators from Central and Western Europe3-44 Geologisches Jahrbuch Hannover A156 StratigraphyEuropeGeneric?H Meyer, K.19697Zur Paleogeographie der Stufen Rhät bis Alb im Emsland484-505Erdöl-Erdgas Zeitschrift85PalaeogeographyGermanyJurassic-Cretaceous?I Michelsen, O.1971`Lower Carboniferous foraminiferal faunas of the boring Ørslev No. 1, island of Falster, Denmark8698-Danm. Geol. Und. (II) PalaeontologyDenmark Carboniferous?J Michelsen, O.1994pStratigraphic correlation of the Danish onshore and offshore Tertiary successions based on sequence stratigraphy145-161-Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark41 StratigraphyDenmarkCenozoic?KMichelsen, O. Clausen, O.R.2002fDetailed stratigraphic subdivision and regional correlation of the southern Danish Triassic succession563-587Marine and Petroleum Geology19 StratigraphyDenmarkTriassic?LTMichelsen, O. Thomsen, E. Danielsen, M. Heilmann-Clausen, C. Jordt, H. Laursen, G.V.19987Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy in the eastern North Sea91-118>Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins609De Graciansky, P.-C. Hardenbol, J. Jacquin, T. Vail, P.R.3Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication Stratigraphy North SeaCenozoicB?MMichelsen, O. Wong, Th.E.1991`Discussion of Jurassic lithostratigraphy in the Danish, Dutch and Norwegian Central Graben Areas20-28+The Jurassic in the Southern Central Trough16Michelsen, O. Frandsen, F.-*Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse series B Stratigraphy North SeaJurassic F?NAMichon, Laurent van Balen Ronald, T. Merle, Olivier Pagnier, Henk2003TThe Cenozoic evolution of the Roer Valley rift system integrated at a European scale101-126Tectonophysics3671-2Lactive-faults backstripping- Belgium- Cenozoic- Central-Europe Europe- extension- faults- geophysical-profiles Germany- grabens- inversion-tectonics Laramide-Orogeny neotectonics- Netherlands- North-Sea-region rift-zones Roer-Valley-Graben rotation- seismic-profiles subsidence- systems- tectonics- Western-Europe Structural-geologyStructural GeologyThe Roer Valley Rift System (RVRS) is located between the West European rift and the North Sea rift system. During the Cenozoic, the RVRS was characterized by several periods of subsidence and inversion, which are linked to the evolution of the adjacent rift systems. Combination of subsidence analysis and results from the analysis of thickness distributions and fault systems allows the determination of the Cenozoic evolution and quantification of the subsidence. During the Early Paleocene, the RVRS was inverted (Laramide phase). The backstripping method shows that the RVRS was subsequently mainly affected by two periods of subsidence, during the Late Paleocene and the Oligocene-Quaternary time intervals, separated by an inversion phase during the Late Eocene. During the Oligocene and Miocene periods, the thickness of the sediments and the distribution of the active faults reveal a radical rotation of the direction of extension by about 70-80 degrees (counter clockwise). Integration of these results at a European scale indicates that the Late Paleocene subsidence was related to the evolution of the North Sea basins, whereas the Oligocene-Quaternary subsidence is connected to the West European rift evolution. The distribution of the inverted provinces also shows that the Early Paleocene inversion (Laramide phase) has affected the whole European crust, whereas the Late Eocene inversion was restricted to the southern North Sea basins and the Channel area. Finally, comparison of these deformations in the European crust with the evolution of the Alpine chain suggests that the formation of the Alps has controlled the evolution of the European crust since the beginning of the Cenozoic. NetherlandsCenozoicEinternal-pdf://Michon et al (2003)-4025635841/Michon et al (2003).pdf?OStaatstoezicht op de Mijnen1962@Verslag van de Inspecteur-Generaal der Mijnen over het jaar 1960175-Den Haag$Staatsdrukkerij- en UitgeversbedrijfHistory NetherlandsGenericф?PStaatstoezicht op de Mijnen1968@Verslag van de Inspecteur-Generaal der Mijnen over het jaar 1967--Den Haag$Staatsdrukkerij- en UitgeversbedrijfHistory NetherlandsGeneric?QStaatstoezicht op de Mijnen19906Jaarverslag van de Inspecteur-Generaal der Mijnen 1989192-Rijswijk-History NetherlandsGeneric:?RMijnssen, F.C.J.19978Modelling of sandbody connectivity in the Schooner Field169-180=Petroleum Geology of the Southern North Sea: Future Potential123#Ziegler, K. Turner, P. Daines, S.R.London&Geological Society Special PublicationPetroleum Geology North Sea Carboniferous?SMilius, G. Vlugt, W.R. van der1967De gasuitbarsting van Sleen 220-28KNAG Geografisch Tijdschrift1Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGenericn?T!Miller, J. Grayson, R.F.19828The regional context of Waulsortian facies in N. England17-33PSymposium on the Environmental Setting and Distribution of the Waulsorian Facies-%Bolton, K. Lane, H. R. Lemone, D. V.El PasoAThe El Paso Geological Society and University of Texas at El PasoCarbonate sedimentologyUK Carboniferous*?U+Mingram, B. Hoth, P. Lüders, V. Harlov, D.2005The significance of fixed ammonium in Palaeozoic sediments for the generation of nitrogen-rich natural gases in the North German Basin 1010-1022'International Journal of Earth Sciences94 GeochemistryGermany Palaeozoic?V Mjøs, B.2009OAnatomy of the seaward steps and seaward termination of the Brent clastic wedge573-596Basin Research21Geology North SeaJurassic5internal-pdf://Mjos (2009)-1929409025/Mjos (2009).pdfT?W+Møller, L.K. Rasmussen, E.S. Clausen, O.R.2009Clinoform migration patterns of a Late Miocene delta complex in the Danish Central Graben; implications for relative sea-level changes704-720Basin Research21Geology North SeaCenozoicGinternal-pdf://Moller et al. (2009)-2382508033/Moller et al. (2009).pdf?X!Molloy, F.A. Haug, G.M.W.1981EApplication of 3-D reflection seismics in salt mining: a case history45-54NProceedings of the 2nd SME-SPE International Solution Mining Symposium Meeting--Denver- GeophysicsGenericGeneric?Y$Mooney, W.D. Laske, G. Masters, T.G.1998.Crust 5.1: a global crustal model at 5° x 5°727-747Journal of Geophysical Research103Structural GeologyGlobalGenericU?Z#Morris, J. Hampson, G. Maxwell, G.2003Controls on facies architecture in the Brent Group, Strathspey Field, UK North Sea: implications for reservoir characterization209-220Petroleum Geoscience93Clastic sedimentologyUKJurassicGinternal-pdf://Morris et al. (2003)-2063380480/Morris et al. (2003).pdf?[ Morrison, J.19724NAM recovers mercury produced with Dutch natural gas72-73Oil and Gas Journal174Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric ?\7Morton, Andrew Knox Robert, W. O. B. Hallsworth, Claire2002MCorrelation of reservoir sandstones using quantitative heavy mineral analysis251-262Petroleum Geoscience83bAtlantic-Ocean Atlantic-Ocean-Islands Bajocian- Brent-Field Brent-Group Cenozoic- Clair-Field Clair-Group clastic-rocks Cormorant-Formation correlation- depositional-environment Europe- Foinaven-Field Great-Britain heavy-minerals Jurassic- lithofacies- lithostratigraphy- Mesozoic- Middle-Jurassic North-Atlantic North-Sea oil-and-gas-fields Oseberg-Field Paleocene- Paleogene- petroleum- petroleum-exploration reservoir-rocks sandstone- Scotland- sedimentary-rocks Shetland-Islands Statfjord-Formation Tern-Field Tertiary- United-Kingdom Western-Europe Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Stratigraphy MineralogyXThis article is the first one of a small series, commissioned by the journal and edited by Paul Nadeau, which will aim to provide an overview of non-biostratigraphic correlation techniques. Heavy mineral analysis is one of a group of provenance-based methods that complement traditional biostratigraphic correlation of clastic reservoirs. A variety of processes give rise to stratigraphic changes in sediment composition, including source area uplift, unroofing, changes in climatic conditions, extent of alluvial storage on the floodplain and the interplay between different depositional systems. Heavy mineral analysis is a reliable and proven technique for the correlation of clastic successions because prolonged and extensive research has provided detailed understanding of the effects of processes that alter the original provenance signal during the sedimentary cycle, such as hydrodynamics and diagenesis. The technique has been successfully applied to a wide range of clastic reservoirs, from fluvial to deep marine and from Devonian to Tertiary, using a combination of different types of parameters (provenance-sensitive mineral ratios, mineral chemistry and grain morphology). The application of heavy mineral analysis as a non-biostratigraphic correlation tool has two limitations. The first is that valid correlations cannot be made in sequences with uniform provenance and sediment transport history, but this is a problem inherent with all provenance-based methods. The other is that the technique can be applied only to coarse clastic lithologies and is not suitable for fine-grained sediments or carbonates. North SeaGeneric C?]2Morton, A. C. Claoue Long, J. C. Hallsworth, C. R.2001\Zircon age and heavy mineral constraints on provenance of North Sea Carboniferous sandstones319-337Marine and Petroleum Geology183Iabsolute-age Atlantic-Ocean burial- Carboniferous- clastic-rocks coal- dates- diagenesis- Europe- Firth-Formation Great-Britain heavy-minerals Hercynian-Orogeny ion-probe-data mass-spectra Moray-Firth nesosilicates- North-Atlantic North-Sea orogeny- orthosilicates- Paleozoic- petroleum- petroleum-exploration provenance- reservoir-rocks sandstone- Scotland- sedimentary-rocks SHRIMP-data silicates- spectra- Tayport-Formation tectonics- U-Pb United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Viking-Graben Western-Europe Westphalian- zircon- Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Geochronology MineralogyThe understanding of sediment provenance and sediment transport routes is a key element in establishing reservoir presence in clastic petroleum systems. Determination of sediment provenance is particularly difficult in structurally complex areas and in sequences that have undergone extensive burial diagenesis. This paper describes a method that overcomes these problems, by combining quantitative heavy mineral analysis with detrital zircon age dating. Quantitative heavy mineral analysis identifies differences in sediment provenance within the sample set, and zircon age data provide diagnostic criteria for the identification of the various source terrains. The high degree of resolution shown by this approach is demonstrated using the North Sea Carboniferous as an example. The Carboniferous of the North Sea has suffered extensive diagenetic modification during its complex burial history, is difficult to image with seismic data, and in some areas, notably the central and northern North Sea, preservation is patchy. The understanding of Carboniferous sand provenance is therefore rudimentary. The Tayport and Firth Coal formations (latest Devonian to Early Carboniferous) of the Outer Moray Firth (central North Sea) were derived from a source area to the north of the British Isles, with sediment transported along the proto-Viking Graben. Some local input is recognised in the Firth Coal Formation. The Westoe Coal Formation (Westphalian B) in the southern North Sea was derived from the southeast, probably from the Saxo-Thuringian Zone of the central European Variscides. The Lower Ketch Member (Westphalian C) in the southern North Sea has a northern provenance, with abundant chrome spinel suggesting derivation from ophiolitic material on the Rinkobing-Fyn High. North Sea Carboniferous?^/Morton, A. C. Hallsworth, C. R. Moscariello, A.2005Interplay between northern and southern sediment sources during Westphalian deposition in the Silverpit Basin, southern North Sea135-146XCarboniferous hydrocarbon geology - The southern North Sea and surrounding onshore areas78Collinson, J. D. Evans, D. J. Holliday, D.W. Jones, N.S.-3Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional Publication Mineralogy North Sea Carboniferous}?_oMoscariello, A.2005Exploration potential of the mature southern North Sea basin margins; some unconventional plays based on alluvial and fluvial fan sedimentation models595-605pPetroleum geology; north-west Europe and global perspective; proceedings of the 6th Petroleum geology conference6Dore, A.G. Vining, B.A.LondonThe Geological SocietyLalluvial-fans Atlantic-Ocean basin-analysis basins- characterization- continental-margin continental-margin-sedimentation depositional-environment Europe- geometry- mineral-composition models- natural-gas Netherlands- North-Atlantic North-Sea offshore- onshore- paleochannels- paleoenvironment- Paleozoic- permeability- Permian- petrography- petroleum- petroleum-exploration reservoir-properties reservoir-rocks Rotliegendes- sedimentary-basins sedimentary-rocks sedimentation- stratigraphic-traps textures- traps- United-Kingdom Western-Europe Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sourcesPetroleum Geology Basin margins are characterized by clastic, terrigenous accumulations which occur mostly in two morphologically similar but sedimentologically distinct depositional environments: alluvial and fluvial fans. Their differences in sedimentary processes result in distinct reservoir characters and subsurface modelling challenges. The ability to predict, recognize and discern these deposits in the subsurface is therefore the key for effective exploration and development of hydrocarbons. Sedimentary processes characterizing alluvial fan accumulation determine internal reservoir architecture and, ultimately, distribution of porosity and permeability, which however do not change substantially with the distance from apex to toe. Reservoir characteristics however, change considerably if debris-flow or sheet-flooding processes dominate. This distinction is crucial for prediction of reservoir quality, which in the case of a sheet-flood-dominated alluvial fan, can be several orders of magnitude better (higher lateral connectivity and vertical permeability) than a debris-flow dominated alluvial fan. Sedimentary processes on alluvial fans are controlled primarily by the nature of the bedrock and the colluvial deposits of the drainage basin. It is important therefore to understand the palaeogeography and geology of the original basin margin in order to predict reservoir characteristics of alluvial fan deposits. Fluvial fan depositional environments have river-like characteristics, especially in terms of geomorphic features and sedimentary processes. On average they are much larger in size then alluvial fans and internally more variable. Grain-size, texture and facies are controlled by sedimentary processes, which depend on the distance from source area. Proximal fluvial fan deposits may resemble those of alluvial fan in facies and architecture. However, the lower net:gross, lower lateral connectivity and size of sand bodies in the medial and distal area of fluvial fans, will require different geological concepts and therefore different exploration, appraisal and development approaches than alluvial fan reservoirs. Available data inferred from of the Southern North Sea hydrocarbon province indicate that, repeatedly over the geological history, the continental basin margins were characterized by fluvial depositional systems entering the subsiding sedimentary basins. At present, the industry experience in the Southern North Sea in targeting such reservoirs is very limited. However, successful exploration and production activity, especially in the Permian gas basin in The Netherlands and Britain, indicate that reservoirs genetically associated with fluvial fan development have good and commercially sound reservoir quality. Based on this experience and a large number of modern and ancient analogue studies, alluvial fan and fluvial fan "unconventional" reservoirs may represent a high-potential target for the future exploration, especially considering the occurrence of stratigraphical traps both on the southern and northern margin of the Southern North Sea. North Sea Palaeozoic ?` Mottequin, B.2004pPaléoécologie et interprétation sédimentologique du «Marbre Noir» de Denée (Viséen Inférieur, Belgique)3-19Geologica Belgica7 PalaeontologyBelgium Carboniferous?internal-pdf://Mottequin (2004)-1109543424/Mottequin (2004).pdf?a Muchez, P.2004Clay mineralogy and Kübler index of upper Famennian sediments from the Refrath 1 Borehole (Bergisch Gladbach-Paffrath Syncline; Ardennes-Rhenisch Massif, Germany)33-41'Courier Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg251 MineralogyGermanyDevonianv?b6Muchez, P. Conil, R. Viaene, W. Bouckaert, J. Poty, E.1987mSedimentology and biostratigraphy of the Visean carbonates of the Heibaart (DzH1) borehole (Northern Belgium)199-208$Annales de la geologique de Belgique110Carbonate sedimentologyBelgium CarboniferousMinternal-pdf://Muchezet al.1987Annales-2333141760/Muchezet al.1987Annales.pdf?cMuchez, P. Heijlen, W.2003Origin and migration of fluids during the evolution of sedimentary basins and the origin of Zn-Pb deposits in Western and central Europe553-557"Journal of Geochemical Exploration78-79 HydrogeologyEuropeGenericj?dMuchez, P. Langenaeker, V.1993vMiddle Devonian to Dinantian sedimentation in the Campine Basin (northern Belgium); its relation to Variscan tectonism171-181;Tectonic controls and signatures in sedimentary successions20Frostick, L.E. Steel, R.J.-HSpecial Publication of the International Association of SedimentologistsBelgium- Brabant-Massif Campine- Carboniferous- coastal-environment compression-tectonics Devonian- Dinant-Synclinorium Dinantian- Dublin-Ireland England- Europe- evolution- extension-faults extension-tectonics faults- Great-Britain growth-faults half-grabens Hercynian-Orogeny Ireland- lithofacies- marine-environment Middle-Devonian Namur-Synclinorium northern-Belgium northern-England northern-Wales orogeny- Paleozoic- plate-collision plate-tectonics sedimentation- shallow-water-environment siliciclastics- South-Brittany-Massif structural-controls structural-geology subtidal-environment tectonics- thickness- thin-sections United-Kingdom variations- Wales- Western-Europe Sedimentary-petrology Structural-geologyPalaeogeographyBelgiumDevonian-Carboniferous?e4Muchez, P. Marshall, J.D. Touret, J.L.R. Viane, W.A.1994_Origin and migration of paleofluids in the Upper Viséan of the Campine Basin, northern Belgium133-145 Sedimentology41 HydrogeologyBelgium Carboniferous_?fMuchez, P. Peeters, C.1986jThe occurrence of a cryptalgal reef structure in the upper visean of the Vise area (The Richelle Quarries)573-577,Annales de la Societe Geologique de BelgiqueT 109Carbonate sedimentologyBelgium CarboniferousOinternal-pdf://MuchezPeeters1986Annales-3037946368/MuchezPeeters1986Annales.pdf[?g\Muchez, P. Viaene, W. Bouckaert, J. Conil, R. Dusar, M. Poty, E. Soille, P. Vandenberghe, N.1990The occurrence of a microbial buildup at Poederlee (Campine Basin, Belgium); biostratigraphy, sedimentology, early diagenesis and significance for early Warnantian paleogeography329-339,Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique1132oAnthozoa- Belgium- biogenic-structures bioherms- biostratigraphy- boundstone- Campine- carbonate-rocks Carboniferous- Coelenterata- diagenesis- Dinantian- early-diagenesis Europe- grainstone- Invertebrata- lower-Warnantian packstone- paleogeography- Paleozoic- Poederlee-Belgium sedimentary-rocks sedimentary-structures Visean- Warnantian- Western-Europe StratigraphyCarbonate sedimentologyBelgium CarboniferousIinternal-pdf://Muchezetal1990Annales-0387173632/Muchezetal1990Annales.pdf?hMuchez, P. Viaene, W. Dusar, M.1992zDiagenetic control on secondary porosity in flood plain deposits: an example of the Lower Triassic of northeastern Belgium285-298Sedimentary Geology78 DiagenesisBelgiumTriassicT?i,Muchez, P. Viaene, W. Wolf, M. Bouckaert, J.1987fSedimentology, coalification pattern and paleogeography of the Campine-Brabant Basin during the Visean313-326Geologie en Mijnbouw66Carbonate sedimentologyBelgium CarboniferousMinternal-pdf://Muchezetal1987GeolMijnb-0488038656/Muchezetal1987GeolMijnb.pdf?jMuchez, P. Viane, W.1994Dolomitisation caused by the water circulation near the mixing zone: an example from the Lower Viséan of the Campine Basin (northern Belgium)155-166)Dolomites: a volume in honour of Dolomieu20 Purser, B. Tucker, M. Zenger, D.-ASpecial Publication International Association of Sedimentologists MineralogyBelgium Carboniferous?k Mulder, A.J.1950De zoutpijler van Schoonlo169-176Geologie en Mijnbouw12Geology Netherlands Zechstein?l Mulder, A.J.1950,Oil in the Netherlands and Emsland (Germany)123-136Journal Inst. Petroleum36Petroleum GeologyNetherlands and GermanyGeneric?m Muller, J.E.1945?De Post-Carbonische tektoniek van het Zuid-Limburgse Mijngebied32"Mededelingen Geologische Stichting serie C-I-12Structural Geology NetherlandsMesozoic ?n Mundy, D.J.C.1994uMicrobialite-sponge-bryozoan-coral framestones in Lower Carboniferous (Late Visean) buildups of Northern England (UK)713-7290Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir17Carbonate sedimentologyUK Carboniferous?o Munsterman, D.K.2009XDe resultaten van het dinoflagellaatcystenonderzoekin boring G16-06, interval 600-1010 m10034-UT-2009-01794/BUtrecht%TNO Built Environment and Geosciences Palaeontology North SeaCenozioc?p Munsterman, D.K.2009UPalynologische datering van de "slump structure" in boring M07-01, interval 640-760 m10034-UT-2009-01793/BUtrecht%TNO Built Environment and Geosciences Palaeontology North SeaCenozoic?q Murphy, P.J.19903Performance of horizontal wells in the Helder Field792-800Journal of Petroleum Geology-Petroleum Geology Netherlands Rotliegend?r$Myres, J.C. Jones, A.F. Towart, J.M.1995LThe Markham Field: UK Blocks 49-5a and 49-10b, Netherlands Blocks J3b and J6303-309Petroleum Geoscience1Petroleum Geology North Sea Rotliegend?sNagtegaal, P.J.C.1979iRelationship of facies and reservoir quality in Rotliegendes desert sandstones, Southern North Sea region145-158Journal of Petroleum Geology22Clastic sedimentology North Sea Rotliegend?t Nalpas, T.1996cInversion des Grabens du sud de la Mer du Nord. Données de sub-surface et modélisation analogique248RennesUniversity of RennesStructural Geology North SeaCretaceous-Tertiary?uANalpas, T. Le Douaran, S. Brun, J.P. Unternehr, P. Richert, J.P.1995IInversion of the Broad Fourteens Basin, a small scale model investigation237-250Sedimentary Geology95Structural Geology NetherlandsCretaceous-TertiaryN?v<Nalpas, T. Richert, J.P. Brun, J.P. Mulder, T. Unternehr, P.1996lInversion du "Broad Fourteens Basin" ou Graben de La Haye (sud de la Mer du Nord) apport de la sismimique 3D309-321CCentres de Recherches Exploration-Production Elf Aquitaine Bulletin20Structural Geology NetherlandsCretaceous-Tertiary?w NAM1990nBodemdaling door aardgaswinning. Groningen veld en randvelden. Status rapport 1990. Prognose tot het jaar 205041-17.527Assen&Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V. Subsidence- NetherlandsGeneric1?x NAM1995Bodemdaling door aardgaswinning. Groningen veld en randvelden in Groningen, Noord Drenthe en het Oosten van Friesland. Status rapport 1995 en prognose tot het jaar 205026-27.600Assen&Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V. Subsidence- NetherlandsGeneric;?y NAM2000Bodemdaling door aardgaswinning, Groningen veld en randvelden in Groningen, Noord Drenthe en het oosten van Friesland – Status rapport 2000 en prognose tot het jaar 2050--2000 02 000410Assen&Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V. Subsidence- NetherlandsGeneric?zNAM&RGD1980-Stratigraphic nomenclature of The Netherlands77MVerhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap32 Stratigraphy NetherlandsGeneric?{Nance, R.D. Linnemann, U.20084The Rheic Ocean: Origin, evolution, and significance4-12 GSA Today18Structural GeologyGlobal PalaeozoicOinternal-pdf://Nance & Linnemann (2008)-1266121984/Nance & Linnemann (2008).pdf?|Narkiewicz, Marek2002pPrzedpole orogenu waryscyjskiego w polLudniowej Polsce; etapy tektonicznego rozwoju basenow w dewonie i karbonie1216JI sesja Robocza Projektu Celowego; Zamawianego Paleozoiczna akrecja Polski5012 Nawrocki, J.WarsawWydawnictwa Geologicznebasins- Carboniferous- Central-Europe Devonian- Europe- foreland-basins forelands- Hercynian-Orogeny orogeny- Paleozoic- Poland- sedimentary-basins southern-Poland tectonics- Structural-geologyPalaeogeographyPoland Carboniferous?}Narkiewicz, M.2005]Devonian and Carboniferous carbonate complex in the Southern Part of the Upper Silesian Block1-46)Prace Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego182Carbonate sedimentologyPolandDevonian-Carboniferous 8?~Narkiewicz, M.2007tDevelopment and inversion of Devonian and Carboniferous basins in the eastern part of the Variscan foreland (Poland)231-265Geological Quaterly513WVariscides, Central Europe, foreland basins, subsidence, palaeogeography, palaeostress.Structural GeologyThe Polish part of the Central European Variscan foreland includes several regional units that differ in crustal structure and are character - ized by distinct Devonian to Carboniferous subsidence and depositional histories. These units responded differently to palaeostress changes along the southern margin of the Old Red Continent. During the Devonian to Namurian A, areas located to the south-west of the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone (TTZ), including the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Ma³opolska and £ysogóry–Radom blocks, were influenced by stress fields similar to those in the westward adjacent Rheno-Hercynian Zone, whilst the Lublin Basin, located to the north-east of the TTZ, shows a similar development to the Pripyat–Dniepr–Donets rift system. After the Namurian A, the entire southern Polish foreland started to respond in a more consistent way to the build-up of synorogenic compressional stresses, implying a more uniform development of the stress field. During the Namurian B to early Westphalian D, the Polish foreland was dominated by north-directed compressional stresses emanating from the Southeastern Variscan Belt. During the late Westphalian and early Stephanian, the entire foreland underwent compressional deformation and concomitant basin inversion under the influence of stresses propagating from the Moravian-Silesian Fold-and-Thrust Belt. In the Polish foreland, the development of Devonian-Carboniferous basins, as well as the architecture of Variscan structures, clearly reflect the reactivation of pre-exist ing crustal discontinuities, including specifically the TTZ, but also other major geophysically defined crustal boundaries. In general, thick-skinned tectonics controlled by the inherited structural grain of the basement prevailed, whereas structural de coupling, resulting in the development of minor thrusts and reverse faulting, was of local significance only. The distinct structural-depositional development of the Pomerania region reflects its distal location with respect to the evolving orogen. Orogenic compression influenced this area only indirectly, with the TTZ acting as a guide for the transmission of transtensional and transpressional stresses.PolandDevonian-CarboniferousAinternal-pdf://Narkiewicz (2007)-3824321793/Narkiewicz (2007).pdfJ? Neal, J.E.1996RA summary of Paleogene sequence stratigraphy in northwest Europe and the North Sea15-426Correlation of the Early Paleogene in Northwest Europe101+Knox, R. W. O'B. Corfield, R.M. Dunay, R.E.London&Geological Society Special Publication StratigraphyNorthwest EuropeCenozoic?Nederlandse Gasunie, N.V.1980Basisgegevens aardgassen185---Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric^?!Nelskamp, S. David, P. Littke, R.2008wA comparison of burial, maturity and temperature histories of selected wells from sedimentary basins in The Netherlands931-953'International Journal of Earth Sciences97Burial history NetherlandsGenericIinternal-pdf://Nelskamp et al (2008)-1264973570/Nelskamp et al (2008).pdf?"Neumann-Mahlkau, P. Ribbert, K.-H.1998?Die Konglomerate der Givet-Stufe östlich des Brabanter Massivs393-4218Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen37Clastic sedimentologyGermanyDevonian?UNeves, R. Gueinn, K. J. Clayton, G. Ioannides, N. S. Neville, R. S. W. Kruszewska, K.1973ZPalynological Correlations within the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland and Northern England24-53'Transactions Royal Society of Edinburgh692biostratigraphy- Carboniferous- Dinantian- England- Europe- Great-Britain microfossils- miospores- new-taxa Paleozoic- palynomorphs- Scotland- stratigraphy- taxonomy- United-Kingdom Western-Europe Stratigraphy PalaeontologyDescription and distribution of miospore species and zones in Dinantian series with marked variations in facies; two new genera, 15 new species.UK Carboniferous? Nickel, E.2003fOligozäne Beckendynamik und Sequenzstratigrafie am Südrand des Nordwesteuropäischen Tertiärbeckens155Bonn)Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms UniversityGeologyGermanyTertiary9internal-pdf://Nickel (2003)-1844354560/Nickel (2003).pdf?NITG1998tGeological Atlas of the subsurface of the Netherlands (1 : 250,000), Explanation to Map Sheet X Almelo–Winterswijk134-Haarlem/Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNOGeology NetherlandsGeneric?NITG1998rGeological Atlas of the subsurface of the Netherlands (1 : 250,000), Explanation to Map Sheet VI Veendam-Hoogeveen152-Utrecht/Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNOGeology NetherlandsGeneric?Novem2001ZPotential for CO2 sequestration and enhanced Coalbed Methane production in the Netherlands105---Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric/? Nowak, G.J.2007nComparative studies of organic matter petrography of the late palaeozoic black shales from Southwestern Poland568-587%International Journal of Coal Geology71Organic geochemistryPoland Palaeozoic7internal-pdf://Nowak (2007)-2053591808/Nowak (2007).pdfq?0Nygård, A. Sejrup, H.P. Haflidason, H. Bryn, P.2005The glacial North Sea Fan, southern Norwegian Margin: architecture and evolution from the upper continental slope to the deep-sea basin71-84Marine and Petroleum Geology22Clastic sedimentologyNorwayCenozoicGinternal-pdf://Nygard et al. (2005)-1404518145/Nygard et al. (2005).pdf1?2Nygård, R. Gutierrez, M. Høeg, K. Bjørlykke, K.2004ZInfluence of burial history on microstructure and compaction behaviour of Kimmeridge clay 259-270Petroleum Geoscience103BurialUKJurassicGinternal-pdf://Nygard et al. (2004)-0889762305/Nygard et al. (2004).pdf~?$Oele, J.A. Hol, A.C.P.J. Tiemens, J.1981bSome Rotliegend gas fields of the K and L blocks, Netherlands offshore (1968-1978): A case history289-300bPetroleum geology of the Continental Shelf of North-West Europe: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference-Illing, L.V. Hobson, G.D.LondonInstitute of PetroleumPetroleum Geology North Sea Rotliegendj?#Olaussen, S. Larsen, B.T. Steel, R.1994]The Upper Carboniferous – Permian Oslo Rift: basin fill in relation to tectonic development175-197'Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoirs17%Embry, A.F. Beauchamp, B. Glass, D.J.Calgary/Memoir Canadian Society of Petroleum GeologistsPalaeogeographyNorwayCarboniferous-Permian ?8O'Mara, P.T. Merryweather, M. Stockwell, M. Bowler, M.M.2003/The Trent gas field, block 43-24a, UK North Sea835-849BUnited Kingdom Oil and Gas Fields, Commemorative Millennium Volume20Gluyas, J. Hichens, H.M.LondonGeological Society MemoirAtlantic-Ocean clastic-rocks Europe- geophysical-methods natural-gas North-Atlantic North-Sea oil-and-gas-fields permeability- petroleum- petroleum-engineering petroleum-exploration porosity- production- reserves- reservoir-properties sandstone- sedimentary-rocks seismic-methods structural-traps traps- Trent-Field Trent-Sandstone United-Kingdom Western-Europe Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sourcesPetroleum GeologyGThe Trent gas field lies within the UKCS Southern Gas Basin (Block 43/24a) located 120 km off the Yorkshire coast in average water depths of 160 ft. The accumulation is contained within a NW-SE trending Base Permian closure, which straddles blocks 43/24, 43/23 and 43/25. The Carboniferous subcrop beneath the Base Permian unconformity varies in age from Westphalian A in the east to Namurian in the west. Although the Base Permian closure covers an area of 75 km (super 2) the producible reserves are only located in the central core area of 43/24a. The main reservoir horizon is the Trent Sandstone of Marsdenian age, equivalent to the Chatsworth Grit Sandstone, UK onshore. Additional reservoir zones are within the lowermost Westphalian A. The field has been developed through the application of fracture stimulation of deviated wells.UK Carboniferous ?O'Mara, P. T. Turner, B. R.1999xSequence stratigraphy of coastal alluvial plain Westphalian B Coal Measures in Northumberland and the southern North Sea33-62%International Journal of Coal Geology421alluvial-plains Anthracoceras-aegiranum Anthracoceratites-vanderbeckei Bivalvia- Carboniferous- clastic-rocks coal- Coal-Measures coastal-environment England- Europe- fluvial-features Great-Britain Invertebrata- lithofacies- Mollusca- Northumberland-England Paleozoic- sandstone- sedimentary-rocks sequence-stratigraphy southern-North-Sea United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Westphalian- Stratigraphy Stratigraphy!Westphalian B coastal alluvial plain Coal Measures of Northumberland and the southern North Sea are susceptible to stratigraphic base-level fluctuations of various magnitudes which create a hierarchy of flooding surfaces: (1) high magnitude third order maximum flooding surfaces corresponding to the Anthracoceratites vanderbeckei and Anthracoceras aegiranum marine bands defining the top and bottom of the succession, when vast areas of the Westphalian foreland basin were flooded by marine incursions; (2) high frequency fluctuations promoting small-scale fourth order flooding of the entire or large areas (100's km (super 2) ) of the alluvial plain resulting in deposition of non-marine bivalve beds or marine bands depending on their position on the third order base level curve; and (3) small-scale localised base level rises due to differential compaction and autocyclic switching of minor crevasse-splays and distributary channels. A regionally extensive third order tectonically induced sequence boundary is also recognised in the southern North Sea, slightly above the maximum stand in stratigraphic base level recorded by the vanderbeckei marine band. This sequence boundary, which represents the lowest point on the background eustatic base level curve between the two maximum flooding surfaces, is overlain by the multilateral, multistorey Caister Sandstone. The lack of significant erosional relief beneath this channel sandstone suggests that accommodation space at this time was being created at a very low rate. The succession above the Caister Sandstone sequence boundary, up to the aegiranum marine band maximum flooding surface, records an increasing rate of stratigraphic base level rise. This equates to a third order transgressive systems tract or sequence set, comprising a number of fourth order sequences which change upwards in response to the background low frequency rise. The increasing rate of base-level rise and increased accommodation space is accompanied by a change in fluvial style to more isolated channels enclosed within floodplain deposits. North Sea Carboniferous? Onaisi, A.2004$L4-9 Casing collapse risk assessment89-96&Squeezing salts - an expensive problem-Breunese, J.M. Schroot, B.M.UtrechtTNO-NITG - EBNPetroleum Geology North Sea Zechstein ?9Oncken, Onno Plesch, A. Weber, J. Ricken, W. Schrader, S.2000XPassive margin detachment during arc-continental collision (Central European Variscides)199-216EOrogenic processes; quantification and modelling in the Variscan Belt179)Franke, W. Haak, V. Oncken, O. Tanner, D.London'Geological Society Special Publications#Ardennes- basins- Central-Europe continental-drift decollement- detachment-faults Europe- fabric- faults- island-arcs orogeny- passive-margins plate-collision plate-tectonics Rhenish-Schiefergebirge Rhenohercynian- sedimentary-basins stress- Variscides- Western-Europe Solid-earth-geophysicsStructural GeologyIn the Rhenish Massif and Ardennes, the Rheno-Hercynian fold and thrust belt of the Mid-European Variscides exposes a telescoped complete Late Palaeozoic passive margin, which was detached from the lower crust during Carboniferous collision with a continental arc (Mid-German Crystalline High on the leading edge of Armorica). Geometric analysis and isostatically corrected balanced cross-sections show that the basal detachment propagated from the oceanic realm into the passive margin by repeated ductile footwall failure during lithospheric flexure of the weak lower plate (effective elastic lithospheric thickness <4 km) under the load of the advancing upper plate. Early collision was associated with offscraping of the uppermost slope sediments in frontal accretion mode. Subsequent detachment of the remaining passive margin cover was initiated after subduction of the ocean-continent transition to about 6 kbar depth. Rocks and fabrics from the detachment show that, at this pressure, they crossed the brittle-plastic transition at the fossil 300-400 degrees C isotherm. Newly failed segments of the basal detachment propagated along this isotherm and branched off towards the foreland by progressively downstepping from the passive margin sediments into the basement of the downflexed lower-plate crust. This evolution coincided with cyclic changes in accretion mode of the lower-plate upper crust to the advancing orogenic wedge (repeated changes from basal to frontal accretion) as well as with a related stepwise propagation of a narrow foreland basin. Propagation of the detachment segments and the related imbricate fans in the lower plate, moreover, was controlled by the geometry of the basin structure by localizing branch lines and ramps along earlier growth faults.Germany CarboniferousEinternal-pdf://Oncken et al (2000)-0217237505/Oncken et al (2000).pdfh?)Oncken, O. von Winterfeld, C. Dittmar, U.1999yAccretion of a rifted passive margin; the late Paleozoic Rhenohercynian fold and thrust belt (middle European Variscides)75-91 Tectonics181`accretion- Central-Europe Europe- fold-and-thrust-belts geometry- geophysical-methods Germany- kinematics- lithofacies- models- Paleozoic- passive-margins plate-collision plate-tectonics reflection-methods Rhenish-Schiefergebirge Rhenohercynian-Belt rifting- seismic-methods tectonic-wedges tectonics- upper-Paleozoic Variscides- Solid-earth-geophysicsStructural GeologyEurope Carboniferous?Oosterink, H.W.1986RWinterswijk, geologie deel II. De Trias-periode (geologie, mineralen en fossielen)-#Wetenschappelijke Mededelingen KNNV178-Geology NetherlandsTriassic?Oosterink, H.W.19905Problematische sporen in de Winterswijkse Muschelkalk44-49Grondboor en Hamer44 Palaeontology NetherlandsTriassic?Oosterink, H.W.1993IGeologische verschijnselen in de groeven van de Winterswijkse Muschelkalk31-34Grondboor en Hamer47Geology NetherlandsTriassic?Oosterink, H.W.2009LTypelocatie van de Vossenveld-Formatie is de Winterswijkse muschelkalkgroeve12-13Grondboor en Hamer631 Palaeontology NetherlandsTriassic?Oplustil, S. Cleal, C. J.2007KA comparative analysis of some Late Carboniferous basins of Variscan Europe417-448Geological Magazine144 StratigraphyEurope CarboniferousMinternal-pdf://Oplustil & Cleal (2007)-2857507585/Oplustil & Cleal (2007).pdf?oOudmayer, B. C. de Jager, J.1993=Fault reactivation and oblique-slip in the southern North Sea 1281-1290HPetroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th conference4 Parker, J.R.LondonThe Geological SocietyAtlantic-Ocean basin-inversion basins- Carboniferous- Cenozoic- Cimmerian- Cleaver-Bank-High extension-faults faults- geophysical-methods geophysical-profiles geophysical-surveys Jurassic- Mesozoic- Neogene- North-Atlantic North-Sea oblique-slip-faults Paleozoic- plate-tectonics Pliocene- reactivation- reflection-methods rifting- sedimentary-basins seismic-methods seismic-profiles southern-North-Sea surveys- Tertiary- Upper-Carboniferous Westphalian- Structural-geology Applied-geophysicsStructural Geology North SeaGenericT?:Overeem, I. Weltje, G.J. Bishop-Kay, C. Kroonenberg, S. B.2001mThe Late Cenozoic Eridanos delta system in the Southern North Sea Basin: a climate signal in sediment supply?293-312Basin Research13Palaeogeography North SeaCenozoicIinternal-pdf://Overeem et al. (2001)-3424262151/Overeem et al. (2001).pdf?+Owens, Bernard McLean, Duncan Bodman, David2004YA revised palynozonation of British Namurian deposits and comparisons with eastern Europe89-103Micropaleontology501!assemblages- biostratigraphy- biozones- Carboniferous- Central-Europe correlation- Europe- floral-list Great-Britain microfossils- miospores- morphology- Namurian- Paleozoic- palynomorphs- Poland- revision- Silesian-coal-basin United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Stratigraphy PalaeontologyExisting schemes for the palynozonation of the Namurian deposits in western Europe require updating to reflect improvements in both independent biostratigraphical calibration and species distribution data. New biozonation proposals are presented which include the accurate positioning of all biozonal boundaries and the establishment of new sub-biozonal units within the Pendleian - Alportian sections. The base of the renamed Cingulizonates cf capistratus - Bellispores nitidus (CN) Biozone is placed within the late Brigantian and a new unit , the C. cf. capistratus (Cc) Sub-Biozone, with an upper boundary coincident with the Visean - Namurian Stage boundary is proposed. The Pendleian part of the revised CN Biozone is established as the Verrucosisporites morulatus (Vm) Sub-Biozone. Additional data from the Lycospora subtriquetra - Kraeuselisporites ornatus (SO) Biozone, in the interval adjacent to the proposed Mid-Carboniferous Boundary, permits the establishment of L. subtriquetra - Apiculatisporis variocorneus (SV)Sub-Biozone in the upper part of the Arnsbergian Stage and the L. subtriquetra - Cirratriradites rarus (SR) Sub-Biozone which occupies the Chokierian and most of the Alportian stages. The base of the Crassispora kosankei - Grumosisporites varioreticulatus (KV) Biozone is repositioned into the upper part of the Alportian Stage. Comparable assemblages described from the Silesian Coal Basins of Poland are discussed and correlations between the palynozonations of both areas are suggested.Europe Carboniferous? Pagnier, H. J. M.1988Vertical and lateral sedimentary trends in six recently drilled wells through Upper Westphalian A to Upper Westphalian C-strata in the Netherlands---HeerlenRGDClastic sedimentology- Netherlands Carboniferous?!4Pagnier, H. J. M. Pestman, P.J. van Tongeren, P.C.H.1987*Recent coal exploration in the Netherlands151-162FProceedings of the 13th Annual Underground Coal Gasification Symposium--Laramie, Wyoming-History Netherlands Carboniferous?!QPagnier, H. J. M. Van den Belt, F.J.G. Mijnlieff, H.F. Van Bergen, F. Verbeek, J.2002An overview of the Carboniferous structural and sedimentary evolution of the Southern North Sea with a discussion of hydrocarbon fields and play concepts in the Dutch sector-ZHydrocarbon resources of the Carboniferous, Southern North Sea & surrounding onshore areas-- SheffieldYorkshire Geological SocietyPetroleum Geology13-15 September Netherlands Carboniferous?&Pagnier, H. J. M. Van Tongeren, P.C.H.1996Lithostratigraphy and sedimentology of the Upper Carboniferous of borehole “De Lutte-6” (East Twente, the Netherlands) and evalution of the Tubbergen Formation in the eastern and southern parts of the Netherlands3-30%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst55Clastic sedimentology Netherlands Carboniferous7?&Pagnier, H. J. M. Van Tongeren, P.C.H.1996Upper Carboniferous of borehole 'De Lutte-6' and evaluation of the Tubbergen Formation in the eastern and southeastern parts of the Netherlands3-30%Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst55Clastic sedimentology Netherlands Carboniferous}??Palermo, D. Aigner, T. Geluk, M. Pöppelreiter, M. Pipping, K.2008Reservoir potential of a lacustrine mixed carbonate/siliciclastic gas reservoir: the Lower Triassic Rogenstein in the Netherlands61-96Journal of Petroleum Geology31Petroleum Geology NetherlandsTriassicIinternal-pdf://Palermo et al. (2008)-2893366018/Palermo et al. (2008).pdf?Pannekoek, A.J.19514Outline of the geological history of the Netherlands201-212Geologie en Mijnbouw13Geology NetherlandsGeneric?Pannekoek, A.J.19525Anhydriet en gips in Nederland, geologische inleiding69-80Geologie en Mijnbouw14Geology Netherlands Zechstein? Pannekoek, A.J.1956%Geological history of the Netherlands154-Den Haag%Staatsdrukkerij- en UitgeverijbedrijfGeology NetherlandsGeneric? Paproth, E.1978eNicht-marine Muscheln als Spiegel der Fazies-Entwicklung im paralischen Kohlengebiet Nordwest-Europas91-100(Sonderveröff. Geolog. Inst. Univ. Köln33 PalaeontologyWestern Europe Carboniferous? Paproth, E.19887The Variscan front north of the Ardenne-Rhenish massifs279-296$Annales de la geologique de Belgique110Structural Geology Netherlands, Belgium and Germany Carboniferous? Paproth, E.1989<Die paläogeographische Entwicklung Mittel-Europas im Karbon53-68Geologisches Jahrbuch Hessen117PalaeogeographyCentral Europe Carboniferous7internal-pdf://Paproth-1989-1401256704/Paproth-1989.pdfu?Paproth, E. Conil, R. Bless, M.J.M. Boonen, P. Carpentier, N. Coen, M. Delcambre, B. Deprijck, Ch. Deuzon, S. Dreesen, R. Groessens, E. Hance, L. Hennebert, M. Hibo, D. Hahn, G & R. Hislaire, O. Kasig, W. Laloux, M. Lauwers, A. Lees, A. Lys, M. Op de Beeck, K. Overlau, P. Pirlet, H. Poty, E. Ramsbottom, W. Streel, M. Swennen, R. Thorez, J. Vanguestaine, M. Van Steenwinkel, M. Vieslet, J-L., 1983NBio- and lithostratigraphic subdivisions of the Dinantian in Belgium, a review185-239,Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique106 StratigraphyBelgium Carboniferous?$Paproth, E. Dreessen, R. Thorez, J.1986FFamennian paleogeography and event stratigraphy of northwestern Europe175-186,Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique109 StratigraphyWestern EuropeDevonianz?Paproth, E. Dusar, M. Bless, M.J.M. Bouckaert, J. Delmer, A. Fairon-Demaret, M. Houlleberghs, E. Laloux, M. Pierart, P. Somers, Y. Streel, M. Thorez, J. Tricot, J.1983MBio- and lithostratigraphic subdivisions of the Silesian in Belgium, a review241-283,Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique106 StratigraphyBelgium Carboniferous&?2Paproth, E. Dusar, M. Verkaeren, P. Bless, M.J.M.1996tStratigraphy and cyclic nature of Lower Westphalian deposits in the boreholes KB174 and KB206 in the Belgian Campine169-189,Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique117 StratigraphyBelgium CarboniferousX? KPasternak, M. Kosinowski, M. Losch, J. Messner, J. Meyer, H.-J. Sedlack, R.20018Erdöl und Erdgas in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 200053Hannover0Niedersächsisches Landesamt für BodenforschungPetroleum GeologyGermanyGenericMinternal-pdf://Pasternak et al. (2001)-1488895249/Pasternak et al. (2001).pdf>?XPaszkowski, M. Szulczewski, M.1995RLate Paleozoic carbonate platforms in Polish part of the Moravia-Małopolska shelf-Evolution of the Polish-Moravian carbonate platform in the Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous: Holy Cross Mts., Kraków Upland, Moravian Karst, Guide to Excursion-Szulczewski, M. Dvorak, J.KrakówAXIII International Congress on Carboniferous-Permian StratigraphyCarbonate sedimentologyPolandDevonian-Carboniferous$?Patijn, R. J. H.1963VHet carboon in de ondergrond van Nederland en de oorsprong van het massief van Brabant341-349Geologie en Mijnbouw4211Belgium- Brabant-Massif Carboniferous- Europe- Netherlands- Paleozoic- regional- stratigraphy- tectonics- Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Westphalian- Stratigraphy Structural-geologyGeologyThe Carboniferous in the Netherlands belongs to the external zone of the Carboniferous geosyncline of northwest Europe. The lower coal-bearing Carboniferous (Westphalian A and B) is present throughout the Netherlands in a facies similar to that found in Limburg and the Ruhr. The higher coal-bearing Carboniferous (Westphalian C and D) is less widespread. Variscan folding caused irregular deposition and partial denudation, so that the Westphalian D was probably never deposited in the southern Netherlands. The Brabant massif became an area of denudation at the end of the Westphalian C; major uplift occurred much later, during Kimmeridgian (Jurassic) time. Netherlands Carboniferous+?Patijn, R. J. H.1963SDe vorming van aardgas ten gevolge van na-inkoling in het noordoosten van Nederland349-358Geologie en Mijnbouw4211Belgium- Brabant-Massif Carboniferous- Europe- Netherlands- Paleozoic- regional- stratigraphy- tectonics- Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Westphalian- Stratigraphy Structural-geologyPetroleum GeologyThe Carboniferous in the Netherlands belongs to the external zone of the Carboniferous geosyncline of northwest Europe. The lower coal-bearing Carboniferous (Westphalian A and B) is present throughout the Netherlands in a facies similar to that found in Limburg and the Ruhr. The higher coal-bearing Carboniferous (Westphalian C and D) is less widespread. Variscan folding caused irregular deposition and partial denudation, so that the Westphalian D was probably never deposited in the southern Netherlands. The Brabant massif became an area of denudation at the end of the Westphalian C; major uplift occurred much later, during Kimmeridgian (Jurassic) time. Netherlands Carboniferous?Patijn, R.J.H.1963!Tektonik von Limburg und Umgebung9-24`Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie1Structural Geology NetherlandsGeneric?Patijn, R.J.H.1964PDie Entstehung von Erdgas infolge der Nachinkohlung im Nordosten der Niederlande2-9Erdoel und Kohle17Petroleum Geology Netherlands Carboniferous'?Patijn, R.J.H. W.F.M. Kimpe1961De kaart van het Carboon-oppervlak, de profielen en de kaart van het dekterrein van het Zuid-Limburgse mijngebied en de staatsmijn Beatrix en omgeving-"Mededelingen Geologische Stichting Serie C, 4Geology Netherlands Carboniferoust?Peace, G.R. Besly, B.M.1997End-Carboniferous fold–thrust structures, Oxfordshire, UK: implications for the structural evolution of the late Variscan foreland of south-central England225-237!Journal of the Geological Society154Structural GeologyUK CarboniferousGinternal-pdf://Peace & Besly (1997)-3561180161/Peace & Besly (1997).pdf b?4Pearce, T. J. Besly, B. M. Wray, D. S. Wright, D. K.1999Chemostratigraphy; a method to improve interwell correlation in barren sequences; a case study using onshore Duckmantian-Stephanian sequences (West Midlands, U.K.)197-220Sedimentary Geology1241-4pBirmingham-England Carboniferous- case-studies chemostratigraphy- clastic-rocks claystone- correlation- Duckmantian- England- Europe- geochemistry- Great-Britain lithogeochemistry- Midlands- onshore- Paleozoic- provenance- sedimentary-rocks Stephanian- United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous Western-Europe Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry{Chemostratigraphy has been applied to onshore Duckmantian/Stephanian successions encountered in outcrop and penetrated by two boreholes from the West Midlands (U.K.). These successions represent the onshore equivalents of the "Barren Red Measures" which are important hydrocarbon-bearing sequences in the Southern North Sea. Much is known about the onshore successions in terms of sedimentology, mineralogy and provenance and thus they provide the ideal test for the validity of chemostratigraphy as a stratigraphic tool. Reliable inorganic geochemical data have been acquired from geochemical analyses of core, sidewall core and cuttings samples, with 19 elements being determined. Stratigraphic variations in elemental concentrations are compared with known variations in the mineralogical data. The established lithostratigraphic units of the Duckmantian/Stephanian intervals can also be recognized from the geochemical data and by using these data can be subdivided further. This results in an independent chemostratigraphic correlation being established for the two boreholes, which has been assessed statistically by discriminant function analysis. From the geochemical and mineralogical data, distinct changes in provenance are identified within the Upper Carboniferous successions. The sediments of the Coal Measures were derived from a north westerly and westerly source (?Caledonian), whereas the Etruria Formation sediments came from the Wales Brabant Massif, the sediments having mixed Caledonian and Cadomian characteristics. Eventually these sediments were replaced by sediments from a southern Hercynian source (Halesowen and Salop Formations).UK Carboniferous/internal-pdf://chemostr-0700362752/chemostr.pdf:?%1Pearce, T. J. Martin, J.H. Cooper, D. Wray, D. S.-qChemostratigraphy of Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) sequences from the Southern North Sea (United Kingdom). 1-24- GeochemistryUK CarboniferousOinternal-pdf://Chemostrat of Upper Carb-3200348928/Chemostrat of Upper Carb.pdf?BPearce, T. J. Wray, D. Ratcliffe, K. Wright, D. K. Moscariello, A.2005SChemostratigraphy of the Upper Carboniferous Schooner Formation, southern North Sea147-164XCarboniferous hydrocarbon geology - The southern North Sea and surrounding onshore areas7=Collinson, John D. Evans, David J. Holliday, D.W. Jones, N.S.-3Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional Publication Geochemistry North Sea Carboniferous?%Pearson, Michael J. Russell, Marie A.2000~Subsidence and erosion in the Pennine Carboniferous basin, England; lithological and thermal constraints on maturity modelling471-482+Journal of the Geological Society of London157Part 2basins- boreholes- burial- Carboniferous- clastic-rocks coal- England- Europe- geochemical-indicators geochemistry- Great-Britain heat-flow hydrocarbons- macerals- organic-compounds paleotemperature- Paleozoic- Pennines- reflectance- sedimentary-basins sedimentary-rocks shale- steranes- subsidence- thermal-history thermal-maturity United-Kingdom Upper-Carboniferous vitrinite- Western-Europe Westphalian- Stratigraphy Sedimentary-petrologyBurial historyForward modelling of maturity against vitrinite reflectance and chemical data for a number of onshore boreholes was used to test a range of subsidence and thermal histories for the Pennine Carboniferous Basin. The preferred models suggest maximum palaeotemperatures were reached during late Cretaceous or possibly early Tertiary burial, consistent with the outcome of previous apatite fission-track studies. Models in which maximum palaeotemperature was attained in the late Carboniferous are considered less likely: rapid burial under a normal heat flow requires an unrealistic thickness of missing late Westphalian strata, whilst high regional heat flow is incompatible with the observed vitrinite reflectance gradients. The lithologies assumed for missing strata have a significant influence on the range of estimates of eroded thicknesses. Preferred estimates of Cenozoic erosion range from around 1.6 km in Mesozoic basinal areas to around 2.8 km within areas of present Carboniferous outcrop.UK CarboniferousOinternal-pdf://Pearson & Russell (2000)-4227022593/Pearson & Russell (2000).pdfF?2Peckmann, J. Gischler, E. Oschmann, W. Reitner, J.2001iAn Early Carboniferous seep community and hydrocarbon-derived carbonates from the Harz Mountains, Germany271-274Geology29Petroleum GeologyGermany CarboniferousIinternal-pdf://Peckmann et al (2001)-1735100418/Peckmann et al (2001).pdf?APedersen, J.H. Karlsen, D.A. Lie, J.E. Brunstad, H. Di Primio, R.2006eMaturity and source-rock potential of Palaeozoic sediments in the NW European Northern Permian Basin 13-28Petroleum Geoscience121Petroleum Geology North Sea Palaeozoic? Peelcommissie1963Rapport van de Peelcommissie133aVerhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Mijnbouwkundige Serie-5-- Stratigraphy- Netherlands Carboniferous? Pegrum, R.M. Rees, G. Naylor, D.1975 The North Sea2254Geology of the North-West European continental shelf2-LondonGraham, Trotman & Dudley Ltd.Geology North SeaGeneric?Pelletier, W. Kolstee, H.G.1986GWinterswijk, Geologie Deel 1, Inleiding tot de geologie van Winterswijk1-136#Wetenschappelijke Mededelingen KNNV175Geology NetherlandsGeneric?Pelletier, W. Oosterink, H.W.19944Een nieuw mineraal uit de Winterswijkse steengroeven85-86Grondboor en Hamer48 Mineralogy NetherlandsTriassic?Pelletier, W. Oosterink, H.W.1995GEen vindplaats van mineralen in Nederland: de Winterswijkse steengroeve1-5Grondboor en Hamer49 Mineralogy NetherlandsTriassic?Perrot, J. van der Poel, A.B.1987Zuidwal - a Neocomian gas field325-335&Petroleum geology of North West Europe-Brooks, J. Glennie, K.LondonGraham & TrotmanPetroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric? Peryt, T.M.1975kSignificance of stromatolites for environmental interpretations of the Buntsandstein (Lower Triassic) Rocks143-158Geologische Rundschau64 PalaeontologyGenericTriassic?[Petersen, H.I. Nielsen, L.H. Bojesen-Koefoed, J.A. Mathiesen, A. Kristensen, L. Dalhoff, F.2008Evaluation of the quality, thermal maturity and distribution of potential source rocks in the Danish part of the Norwegian–Danish Basin273Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin16GeologyDenmarkGenericKinternal-pdf://Petersen et al. (2008)-3395163648/Petersen et al. (2008).pdf2?Petersen, H.I. Nytoft, H.P.2007<Are Carboniferous coals from the Danish North Sea oil-prone?13-163Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin13Petroleum GeologyDenmark CarboniferousOinternal-pdf://Petersen & Nytoft (2007)-1160915713/Petersen & Nytoft (2007).pdf?Petersen, H.I. Nytoft, H.P.2007Assessment of the petroleum generation potential of Lower Carboniferous coals, North Sea: evidence for inherently gas pronesource rocks 271-285Petroleum Geoscience133Petroleum GeologyDenmark Carboniferous?,Petmecky, S. Meier, L. Reiser, H. Littke, R.1999JHigh thermal maturity in the Lower Saxony Basin; intrusion or deep burial?317-344Tectonophysics304Burial historyThe Lower Saxony Basin (LSB) is situated at the southern rim of the Northern Permian Basin, the most important hydrocarbon-bearing province in Europe. In its southern part, areas of high thermal maturation (up to 6% R (sub r) ) occur which were previously explained as being caused by magmatic intrusions of Turonian to Santonian age that affected Carboniferous to Lower Cretaceous rocks. In this area, 2D numerical basin modelling was carried out in order to reconstruct the temperature histories along two parallel, N-S-trending seismic sections. Along these sections, new data about maturity distribution and temperature history were obtained by vitrinite reflectance measurements and apatite fission track analysis. For the areas with highest maturity values, low coalification gradients were established which agree well with earlier published data on wells further towards the west. This new information does not support previous hypotheses on high heat flows from magmatic intrusions, even if lateral heat transport is taken into account. Instead, comparisons with a recently published map of the subsurface structure of the LSB indicate that maturity distribution may be closely related to major tectonic structures. Deep burial of individual structures of the LSB, which are bordered by deep E-W- to ESE-WNW-trending faults is further suggested by (a) rapidly increasing thicknesses of preserved Cretaceous strata towards the south and (b) structural restoration of one of the seismic sections. To achieve a fit between measured and calculated palaeo-temperature and vitrinite reflectance data, deep burial of Carboniferous source rocks during Cretaceous time has to be assumed. Due to an inversion phase in the early and middle Upper Cretaceous, major amounts of sediment were removed and further uplift occurred in Tertiary times. In contrast, the northern part of the LSB experienced maximum burial and temperatures during Tertiary times.GermanyGenericIinternal-pdf://Petmecky et al (1999)-0575331329/Petmecky et al (1999).pdf? Pflanzl, G.1978mGeologie und Explorationswürdigkeit des unterkarbonischen Kohlenkalkes und des Namurs in Nordwestdeutschland406-4336Ergängzungsband Erdöl, Kohle, Erdgas und Petrochemie-Petroleum GeologyGermany Carboniferous?PGK1993.Synopsis: Petroleum geology of the Netherlands315-334Geologie en Mijnbouw74Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric $?Pharaoh, T. C.1999lPalaeozoic terranes and their lithospheric boundaries within the Trans-European suture zone (TESZ); a review17-41Tectonophysics3141-3accretion- Avalon-Zone Baltica- Bohemian-Massif Central-Europe continental-crust crust- delamination- Dobruja-Basin Europe- EUROPROBE- lineaments- lithosphere- mantle- Moesian-Platform Moldanubian- Moravo-Silesian-Terrane Paleozoic- polyphase-processes review- Rhenohercynian- Romania- Romanian-Dobruja Saxothuringian- Southern-Europe suture-zones tectonics- terranes- Trans-European-suture-zone upper-mantle Variscides- Structural-geologyStructural GeologyGThe Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) is a broad and complex zone of terrane accretion separating ancient lithosphere of the Baltic Shield and East European Craton (EEC) from the younger lithosphere of western and southern Europe. There is debate about the number of terranes involved, and their origins. The most significant terrane boundaries, originally oceanic sutures, are poorly exposed, and are defined using faunal provinciality. Prominent geophysical lineaments may represent sub-terrane boundaries within composite terranes. The Avalonia Composite Terrane was amalgamated to Baltica in latest Ordovician time. The provenance of the Malopolska and Moravo-Silesian terranes, whose Neoproterozoic basement is suspect with respect to Baltica, but with which they nonetheless share faunal affinities, is still debated. The extent of the Variscide Rhenohercynian Zone defines the southern limit of the early Palaeozoic-accreted terranes. Terranes within the Bohemian Massif exhibit HP metamorphism recording subduction-driven collision prior to incorporation in the TESZ collage, itself associated with a HP event. In Romania, the Saxothuringian Zone (and Rheic Suture) are directly juxtaposed with the EEC, and the crustal structure of the TESZ has been much modified by post-Palaeozoic tectonism. Deep seismic reflection data, where available, show that the oceanic sutures are frequently associated with inclined reflectivity zones (IRZ) in the lithospheric mantle, here inferred to mark relict subduction zones. Interpreting the age of subduction is complicated by offset of originally coplanar mantle and crustal segments of the IRZ, resulting from early orogenic lithospheric delamination at the Moho interface and/or post-orogenic "reordering" processes. The mantle IRZ appear to indicate a N-directed polarity for early Palaeozoic subduction, apparently incompatible with the geological evidence, which indicates subduction of the Tornquist Sea beneath Avalonia, and a large amount of underthrusting of Avalonia by Baltica. Possible explanations for these apparently incompatible observations are evaluated.Europe Palaeozoic;internal-pdf://Pharaoh (1999)-3656610049/Pharaoh (1999).pdf? Phillips, J.1836RIllustrations of the geology of Yorkshire. Part 2, The Mountain Limestone Districtunknown-London John MurrayGeologyUK Carboniferous?Pickard, Neil A. H.1996SEvidence for microbial influence on the development of Lower Carboniferous buildups65-82.Recent advances in Lower Carboniferous geology107(Strogen, P. Somerville, I.D. Jones, G.L.London*The Geological Society Special Publicationaalgae- bacteria- biogenic-structures bioherms- carbonate-rocks Carboniferous- Dinantian- factors- fungi- limestone- micrite- microfossils- microorganisms- mud-mounds paleogeography- Paleozoic- Plantae- sedimentary-rocks sedimentary-structures sedimentation- sedimentation-rates stromatolites- tectonics- thallophytes- thrombolites- Sedimentary-petrologyCarbonate sedimentologyGeneric Carboniferous;internal-pdf://Pickard (1996)-1106120966/Pickard (1996).pdf? Platt, J.D.1993^Controls on clay mineral distribution and chemistry in the early Permian Rotliegend of Germany393-416 Clay Minerals28 MineralogyGermany Rotliegend? Plein, E.1978/Rotliegend-Ablagerungen im Norddeutschen Becken-3Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft-Clastic sedimentologyGermany Rotliegend? Plein, E.1994 Niederlände193-206?Regional Petroleum Geology of the World, Part I Europe and Asia- Kulke, H.Berlin-StuttgartGebr. BorntraegerPetroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric? Plein, E. 1995_Stratigraphie von Deutschland I: Norddeutsches Rotliegendbecken. Rotliegend-Monographie Teil II193183 SenckenbergCour. Forsch.-Inst. StratigraphyGermany Rotliegend ?Plesch, A. Oncken, O.1999Orogenic wedge growth during collision; constraints on mechanics of a fossil wedge from its kinematic record (Rhenohercynian FTB, Central Europe)117-139Tectonophysics3091-4boundary-conditions Central-Europe crust- deformation- Europe- fold-and-thrust-belts Germany- kinematics- mechanics- metamorphism- orogeny- plate-collision plate-tectonics Rhenohercynian- tectonic-wedges tectonics- tectonostratigraphic-units Variscides- Structural-geologyStructural Geology The kinematic evolution of the Rhenohercynian fold-and-thrust belt of, the Central-European Variscides can be reconstructed from incremental strain and palaeostress data, synkinematic metamorphism, geochronology, synorogenic sediments, and the geometry of shortening. This data set allows to infer the mechanical development with respect to the Mohr-Coloumb theory of critically tapered orogenic wedges. Growth of the Rhenohercynian orogenic wedge was kinematically partitioned into a broad orogen-normal moving and a narrow obliquely moving domain. The ratio of the final widths of these domains varies from 1.6 to 2.3. This low ratio indicates strong basal coupling. Growth averages are 14 km/Ma of shortening and a strain rate of 6X10 (super -16) s (super -1) . The mode of mass transfer from lower to upper plate, which controlled the accretion geometry and the particle paths, evolved in the long term from dominantly basal to frontal accretion. This evolution was accompanied by a decrease in taper from precollisional 18 degrees -28 degrees to final 5 degrees -8 degrees . 4-6 accretionary subsystems assemble the wedge. Each is characterised by a sequence of basal to frontal accretion, both rooting in a common detachment. The development of the subsystems is supported by the observation of stepwise migration of a foreland-bulge ponding flysch subbasins. These features imply shorter termed (ca. 2 Ma) cyclic mass transfer above a high friction detachment with episodes of basal accretion followed by episodes of a quickly forward-propagating thrust front. Transfer of the basal detachment from ductile mid-crustal to brittle conditions via a crustal ramp and particle flow across the ramp provoked large-scale adjustment of wedge geometry. Internal wedge thickening is spatially and chronologically related to the formation of the ramp and was supported by surficial erosion of ca. 3 kbar for keeping a critical taper. Three growth stages of the wedge can be reconstructed. The high taper of the precollisional stage plots in the tectonically erosive field in a taper-stability diagram. Then taper decreases to 10 degrees after emplacement of a flysch nappe stack. During the final stage of contraction an eastern and a western branch develop with geometries fluctuating around a critically stable state. The two branches link with differences in large-scale wedge architecture, bulk contraction, and detachment geometry, the latter being controlled by the former basin geometry.Europe Carboniferous"?.Pöppelreiter, M.C. Simone, A. Hoetz, H.L.J.G.2004zReservoir characteristics of intracontinental carbonate ramp deposits - Upper Muschelkalk, Middle Triassic, NE Netherlands1-16"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences831Petroleum Geology NetherlandsTriassic?X$Poprawa, P. Grotek, I. Żywiecki, M.2005Impact of the Permian magmatic activity on the thermal maturation of the Carboniferous sediments on the outer Variscan Orogen (SW Poland)253-2601Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne Special Papers26 MagmatismPoland Palaeozoic?pPorter, J.R. Knipe, R.J. Fisher, Q.J. Farmer, A.B. Allin, N.S. Jones, L.S. Palfrey, A.J. Garrett, S.W. Lewis, G.20002Deformation processes in the Britannia Field, UKCS241-254Petroleum Geoscience63Structural Geology>The intensity and distribution of deformation within cores recovered from 24 Britannia Field wells has been quantified and used to assess the sub-seismic deformation present. Structural logging has been amalgamated with microstructural and petrophysical analysis of fault rocks and the results used to construct models of the fluid flow behaviour of fault zones and to evaluate the correlations between core-scale structures and the larger-scale seismically mapped fault arrays. Deformation within Britannia is controlled primarily by (1) early sediment disruption, dewatering, detachment and folding in semi-lithified sediments and (2) more long-lived clustered arrays of small faults developed within fault damage zones. Fault population analysis illustrates that seismic-based mapping alone does not provide a good platform for accurately predicting the number of sub-seismic faults present. Analysis of the effect of deformation features on fluid communication highlights the importance of small-scale faults in enhancing communication in complex and initially separate sand bodies. North SeaGenericEinternal-pdf://Porter et al (2000)-1512550912/Porter et al (2000).pdf?Poty, E.1991FTectonique de blocs dans le prolongement oriental de Massif de Brabant265-275$Annales de la geologique de Belgique114Structural GeologyBelgium Carboniferous?Poty, E.1997jDevonian and Carboniferous tectonics in the eastern and southeastern parts of the Brabant Massif (Belgium)143-144Aardkundige Mededelingen8Belgium- Brabant-Massif Carboniferous- Devonian- Dinantian- Europe- Midi-Eifel-Fault Namur-Belgium Paleozoic- tectonics- Western-Europe Structural-geologyStructural GeologyBelgiumDevonian-Carboniferousg?Poty, E.1999Fammenian and Tournaisian recoveries of shallow water Rugosa following late Frasnian and late Strunian major crises, southern Belgium and surrounding areas, Hunan (South China) and the Omolon region (NE Siberia)11-261Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology154 PalaeontologyGlobalDevonian-Carboniferous?Poty, E. Chevalier, E.20073Late Frasnian phillipsastreid biostromes in Belgium143-161IPalaeozoic Reefs and Bioaccumulations: Climatic and Evolutionary Controls275GAlvaro, J.J. Aretz, M. Boulvain, F. Munnecke, A. Vachard, D. Vennin, E.LondonGeological SocietyCarbonate sedimentologyBelgiumDevonianIinternal-pdf://Poty & Chevalier 2007-0070316801/Poty & Chevalier 2007.pdf?5Poty, Edouard Hance, Luc Lees, Alan Hennebert, Michel2001,Dinantian lithostratigraphic units (Belgium)69-93Geologica Belgica41-2Anthozoa- Belgium- biostratigraphy- carbonate-platforms Carboniferous- Coelenterata- Conodonta- Dinant-Basin Dinantian- Europe- Foraminifera- Invertebrata- lithostratigraphy- microfossils- Namur-Basin paleogeography- Paleozoic- Protista- Rugosa- Western-Europe Zoantharia- Stratigraphy StratigraphySix paleogeographic sedimentation areas (s.a.) are recognized in the Namur-Dinant Basin: (1) the Hainaut s.a., (2) the Namur s.a., (3) the Condroz s.a., (4) the Dinant s.a., (5) the Vise-Maastricht s.a., and (6) the southern Avesnois s.a. (only in northern France). Together with the sea-level variations (third-order sequences), local controls influenced the nature of the sedimentary deposits, so the lithostratigraphic successions in each sedimentation area are distinctive. The depositional setting was that of a carbonate platform which evolved from a ramp in the early Tournaisian to a rimmed shelf during the early Visean and then to a regionally extensive shelf during the middle and late Visean. Before the Livian, open marine facies were developed to the south, but from the Livian onwards open marine facies were restricted to the north while evaporites developed in the south. This inversion of the normal pattern was probably related to an early phase of Variscan shortening. Dinantian biostratigraphy is mainly based upon foraminifera, rugose corals and conodonts. Fifty formations (including members), 3 groups and 2 informal lithostratigraphic units are briefly described.Belgium Carboniferous ? Praeg, Daniel2004Diachronous Variscan late-orogenic collapse as a response to multiple detachments; a view from the internides in France to the foreland in the Irish Sea89-1383Permo-Carboniferous magmatism and rifting in Europe223PWilson, M. Neumann, E.R. Davies, G.R. Timmerman, M.J. Heeremans, M. Larsen, B.T.London*The Geological Society Special PublicationArmorican-Massif Atlantic-Ocean Carboniferous- Central-Massif Chateaulin-Basin collapse-structures detachment-faults Dinantian- Europe- faults- Finistere-France forelands- France- Irish-Sea Morlaix-Basin Namurian- North-Atlantic orogeny- Paleozoic- Permian- plate-collision plate-tectonics Stephanian- uplifts- Upper-Carboniferous Variscides- Vouvant-Basin Western-Europe Westphalian- Structural-geologyStructural GeologyfModels of the collapse of orogenic belts imply diachronous tectonism in which crustal uplift and extension may be compensated by peripheral compression. This first-order prediction is tested against published data on Varsican late-orogenic extensional and compressive structures along a 1500 km transect from the Variscan central internides in France to the foreland in the Irish Sea area. The collapse of the orogen is shown to have expanded northward over time, via three main stages: (i) collapse of the central internides (late Visean-mid-Westphalian, c. 335-310 Ma) -- crustal thinning took place by NW-SE extension within a relatively narrow (<500 km) central axis, accompanied to the north by passive infill of basins spanning a broad seaway inherited from extension during closure of the Rheic Ocean; (ii) reorientation and expansion of collapse (mid-Westphalian-late Stephanian, c. 310-300 Ma) -- in the mid-Westphalian, a 90 degrees rotation to NE-SW extension in the central internides was accompanied by changes across the northern internides (episodic basin formation and deformation), the externides (onset of thrust propagation) and the foreland (Westphalian C inversion), while from the early Stephanian, basins began to form in the central internides and expanded to the externides, coeval with final nappe emplacement along the orogenic front; and (iii) collapse of the foreland (late Stephanian-Early Permian, c. 300-290 Ma) -- km-scale uplift and erosion of the foreland took place, prior to widespread basin formation in the Early Permian (<290+ or -5 Ma). These three stages are argued to support a model of Variscan late-orogenic collapse in response to three successive detachments of negatively buoyant lithospheric material: of a collisionally thickened orogenic root, and of two (Rheic) oceanic slabs subducted, previously, southward (beneath the orogen) and northward (beneath the foreland). Multiple detachments are a predictable consequence of ocean closure and continental collision, so that episodic collapse may be a common process in the rise and fall of orogenic belts and the tectonic evolution of their forelands.Western Europe Carboniferous? Prent, D.1963'Petroleum production in The Netherlands73-83`Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie1Petroleum Geology NetherlandsGeneric ? Preusser, F.20088Characterisation and evolution of the River Rhine system7-20"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences871Palaeogeography+ The River Rhine and its tributaries represent one of the largest drainage systems in Europe. Its prominence among other fluvial systems is due to the location of its headwaters within the central Swiss Alps, which were repeatedly glaciated during the Quaternary, and the concurrence of major parts of the River Rhine course with the European Cenozoic Rift System. Sediments of the Rhine have thus recorded both changes in climate and tectonic activity as well as sea level change in the lower part of the river course. The River Rhine is composed of different subdivisions characterised by distinct geographical and geological settings. Vorder- and Hinterrhein in the headwaters are inner-alpine rivers frequently influenced in t