? Bridge, J.S.
Tye, R.S. 2000u Interpreting the dimensions of ancient fluvial channel bars, channels, and channel belts from wireline-logs and cores 1205-12285 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 84 8- case-studies; channels-; clastic-rocks; Colorado-; Comanchean-; conglomerate-; cores-; Cretaceous-; fluvial-environment; lithofacies-; Lower-Cretaceous; Mesaverde-Group; Mesozoic-; models-; modern-analogs; North-Appleby-Field; oil-and-gas-fields; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; Piceance-Creek-basin; planar-bedding-structures; reservoir-rocks; sand-bodies; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentary-structures; Texas-; Travis-Peak-Formation; United-States; Upper-Cretaceous; well-logs; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Sedimentary-petrology Clastic sedimentology A primary objective in exploration for and development of fluvial reservoirs is determining the thickness and width of sandstone-conglomerate bodies (mainly channel-belt deposits). Most of the existing techniques for estimating the dimensions of fluvial reservoirs have major drawbacks. A fresh approach to the problem is made using recent theoretical, experimental, and field studies. This new approach involves (1) new models for the lateral and vertical variation of lithofacies and petrophysical-log response of river-channel deposits with explicit recognition of the different superimposed scales of strata, (2) distinction among single and superimposed channel bars, channels, and channel belts, (3) interpretation of maximum paleochannel depth from the thickness of channel bars and the thickness of sets of cross-strata formed by dunes, and (4) evaluation of various methods for estimation of widths of sandstone-conglomerate bodies that represent either single or connected channel belts (outcrop analogs; correlation of sandstone-conglomerate bodies between wells; use of empirical equations relating channel depth, channel width, and channel-belt width; theoretical models; and three-dimensional seismic data). Two fluvial reservoirs were reinterpreted using this new approach. In the first example from the Mesaverde Group, Colorado, maximum paleochannel depth had been underestimated because the degree of superposition of channel bars had been overestimated. As a result, channel-belt widths determined from empirical equations were underestimated. In the second example from the Travis Peak Formation, Texas, channel-belt width and connectivity of channel-belt sandstone bodies had been overestimated because of overzealous well-to-well correlation and inappropriate use of width and thickness data from supposed analogs. These examples demonstrate the potential value of this new approach in reservoir characterization and management. Generic Generic? Allen, J. R. L. 1978 Studies in fluviatile sedimentation; an exploratory quantitative model for the architecture of avulsion-controlled alluvial sites 129-147 Sedimentary Geology 21 2 alluvium-; avulsion-; changes-; channels-; clastic-sediments; coastal-plains; drainage-patterns; experimental-studies; fluvial-features; geomorphology-; mathematical-models; models-; physical-models; planar-bedding-structures; processes-; rivers-; sand-bodies; sedimentary-structures; sedimentation-; sediments-; stream-transport; theoretical-studies; transport-; Sedimentary-petrology Clastic sedimentology Generic Generic , t222550/Allen (1978).pdf ? Kędzior, A 2001 Identification of the fluvial-channel tracts based on thickness analysis: Zabrze beds (Namurian B) in the main anticline and Bytom-Dąbrowa trough of Upper Silesia coal basin, Poland. 21-34' Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 71 Clastic sedimentology Poland
Carboniferous
? o ' Aitken, J. F.
Quirk, D. G.
Guion, P. D. 1999p Regional correlation of Westphalian sandbodies onshore UK; implications for reservoirs in the southern North Sea 747-756H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 5th Conference 5 Fleet, A.J.
Boldy, S.A.R. London The Geological Society% Atlantic-Ocean; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; coal-; coal-fields; correlation-; England-; Europe-; geophysical-methods; Great-Britain; Lincolnshire-England; Midlands-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; offshore-; oil-and-gas-fields; onshore-; Paleozoic-; Pennines-; petroleum-; petroleum-engineering; petroleum-exploration; reservoir-properties; reservoir-rocks; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; seismic-methods; southern-North-Sea; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; well-logging; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Petroleum Geology An extensive and closely-spaced seismic and well dataset from coal and hydrocarbon exploration in the East Pennie Coalfield and the East Midlands Oilfield has enabled the detailed subsurface correlation and mapping of major Westphalian A to C sandbodies. Maximum flooding surfaces are represented by marine bands which are faunal concentrate condensed horizons. The large fluvial sandbodies do not show characteristics of incized valley fills. The remoteness of the study area from the sea during deposition meant that eustatic changes are less significant than other factors. The interplay of tectonics, climate and autocyclic processes was responsible for exceedingly complex sequences in terms of both lateral and vertical organization, and it is difficult to isolate the relative importance of the various mechanisms controlling sedimentation. Closely spaced onshore borehole data and outcrop studies have been used to model reservoir characteristics and continuity offshore in the Southern North Sea, where well spacing is far greater. Architectural variability and 3D geometry of onshore sandbodies can be used as an analogue for Southern North Sea reservoirs. Geometric data from 20 mapped onshore sandbodies illustrates a relationship between sandbody width and thickness, with 90% of channel sandbodies being less than 25 km in width and less than 40 m in thickness. A remarkable similarity exists between the sand distribution onshore UK and Westphalian reservoir intervals in the Southern North Sea. Sandbodies onshore and offshore show comparable thicknesses (up to 100 m) and widths (up to 30 km). Additionally, the sandbodies do not display incised bases, as is also typical of all the main Westphalian reservoir targets in the Southern North Sea.
1-86239-039-8 UK
Carboniferous ? o + Bartholomew, I.D.
Peters, J.M.
Powell, C.M. 1993h Regional structural evolution of the North Sea: oblique slip and the reactivation of basement lineaments 1109-1122H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference 4 Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Structural Geology North Sea Generic D nl (1993)-3438009866/Bartholomew et al (1993).pdfR? Bodenhausen, J.W.A.
Ott, W.F. 1981> Habitat of the Rijswijk oil province, onshore, the Netherlands 301-309b Petroleum Geology of the continental Shelf of North-West Europe: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference - Illing, L.V.
Hobson, G.D. London Institute of Petroleum Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic D e` /t (1981)-0154841856/Bodenhausen & Ott (1981).pdf
? Bénard, F.
Bouché, P. 1991K Aspects of the petroleum geology of the Variscan foreland of Western Europe 119-137@ Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons 1
Spencer, A.M. BerlinJ Special Publication of the European Association of Petroleum Geoscientists basement-; basins-; black-shale; cap-rocks; carbonate-rocks; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; chemically-precipitated-rocks; clastic-rocks; coal-; compression-tectonics; deformation-; deltaic-environment; Devonian-; Dinantian-; distribution-; England-; Europe-; evaporites-; evolution-; faults-; foreland-basins; genesis-; geochemistry-; Germany-; Great-Britain; heat-flow; Hercynian-Orogeny; lacustrine-environment; limestone-; lithofacies-; maturity-; Midland-Valley; Namurian-; organic-residues; orogeny-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; petroleum-; petroleum-engineering; Poland-; possibilities-; reactivation-; reservoir-properties; sandstone-; Scotland-; sea-level-changes; sediment-supply; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; shale-; siltstone-; Sole-Pit-Basin; source-rocks; subsidence-; tectonics-; Tornquist-Fault; transgression-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Petroleum Geology Western Europe
Carboniferous @ H ݈(1991)-2751055361/Benard & Bouche (1991).tif ? o % Besly, B. M.
Burley, S. D.
Turner, P. 1993W The Late Carboniferous "barren red bed" play of the Silver Pit area, southern North Sea 727-740H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference 4 Parker, J.R. London The Geological SocietyR alluvium-; Atlantic-Ocean; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; clastic-sediments; natural-gas; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; Paleozoic-; petroleum-; red-beds; reservoir-rocks; sedimentary-rocks; sediments-; Silver-Pit-Basin; southern-North-Sea; Upper-Carboniferous; Westphalian-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Sedimentary-petrology Petroleum Geology UK
Carboniferous?
Cocks, L. R. M.
Torsvik, T. H. 2005d Baltica from the late Precambrian to mid-Palaeozoic times: The gain and loss of a terrane's identity 39-66 Earth-Science Reviews 72 1-2J Baltica
Cambrian
Ordovician
Silurian
paleogeography
Avalonia
Iapetus Ocean Palaeogeography The old terrane of Baltica occupies the mass of northern Europe eastwards to the Urals and lies mostly to the north of the Trans-European Suture Zone. The core, the East European Craton, is thick and formed of rocks dating back to well over 3 billion yr, and Protobaltica can be identified as forming part of the supercontinent of Rodinia at about 1 billion yr ago. Following Rodinia's break up at about 800 Ma, Protobaltica remained attached to Laurentia until it became the newly independent Baltica at between 570 and 550 Ma, with the inauguration of plate spreading to form the northern part of the Iapetus Ocean. To the south, during the Early Cambrian, Baltica was separated from Gondwana by the relatively narrow Ran Ocean. Baltica remained a separate terrane until its docking, firstly with Avalonia at the very end of the Ordovician (443 Ma), and then with Laurentia during the Silurian in the Scandian part of the Caledonide Orogeny. The terrane was much enlarged in the Vendian to include the areas such as Timan-Pechora now lying to the north as they became accreted to Baltica during the late Precambrian Timanide Orogeny. During the Cambrian and Ordovician, Baltica firstly rotated through more than 120[degree sign] and then drifted northwards from high to low palaeolatitudes. New maps present Baltica's outline and progressive positioning, its late Precambrian and Lower Palaeozoic history, and the Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian land, basins and biofacies belts within and around it. Some of the Lower Palaeozoic faunas are reviewed briefly: the oceans surrounding Baltica were so wide during the Early Ordovician that a substantial part of the benthic fauna of trilobites, brachiopods and other phyla were endemic. As those oceans narrowed, so the faunas of Baltica became progressively more similar to those of adjacent terranes. Some plankton distributions augment the palaeomagnetic data in latitudinal positioning. Europe
Palaeozoic @ h 2005)-2024988728/Cocks & Torsvik (2005).pdf p ? o Z Collinson, J. D.
Jones, C. M.
Blackbourn, G. A.
Besly, B. M.
Archard, G. M.
McMahon, A. H. 1993< Carboniferous depositional systems of the southern North Sea 677-687H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference 4 Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Atlantic-Ocean; block-structures; Carboniferous-; depositional-environment; faults-; lithostratigraphy-; Mid-North-Sea-High; Namurian-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; onshore-; Paleozoic-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; provenance-; reservoir-properties; sedimentation-; southern-North-Sea; systems-; Upper-Carboniferous; Westphalian-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Stratigraphy Palaeogeography Southern North Sea
Carboniferous @ @993)-3804381000/Collinson et al (1993).pdf P?
Cowan, G. 1989F Diagenesis of Upper Carboniferous sandstones; southern North Sea Basin 57-73) Deltas - Sites and Traps for Fossil Fuels 41 Whateley, M.K.G
Pickering, K.T. London' Geological Society Special Publications$ acidic-composition; Atlantic-Ocean; authigenic-minerals; Carboniferous-; channels-; clastic-rocks; clay-minerals; diagenesis-; early-diagenesis; environment-; European-Atlantic; feldspar-group; fluid-phase; framework-silicates; materials-; maturity-; meteoric-water; mica-group; minerals-; models-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; Paleozoic-; permeability-; porosity-; quartz-; reservoir-rocks; sandstone-; sedimentary-petrology; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; sheet-silicates; silica-minerals; silicates-; Upper-Carboniferous; Sedimentary-petrology
Diagenesis Southern North Sea
Carboniferous ,
( 251513/Cowan (1989).pdf ? L Drozdzewski, Günter
Klostermann, J.
Ribbert, Karl.-H.
Wrede, V.
Zeller, M. 1998[ Sedimentation und Tektonik im Palaeozoikum und Postpalaeozoikum der Niederrheinischen Bucht 573-5838 Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen 37 Alpine-Orogeny; areal-geology; Caledonian-Orogeny; Carboniferous-; Cenozoic-; Central-Europe; Devonian-; Europe-; Germany-; Hercynian-Orogeny; lithostratigraphy-; North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany; orogeny-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; Quaternary-; Rhine-Westphalian-Basin; sedimentary-petrology; stratigraphic-gaps; structural-geology; Tertiary-; Stratigraphy; Structural-geology; Sedimentary-petrology Clastic sedimentology Germany
Carboniferous ? % Drozdzewski, Guenter
Zeller, Matthias 1998A War die Krefelder Achsenaufwoelbung im Oberkarbon ein Hochgebiet? 459-4738 Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen 37 basement-; basins-; bituminous-coal; block-structures; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; coal-; coal-seams; Europe-; faults-; foreland-basins; Germany-; isopach-maps; lithofacies-; maps-; normal-faults; North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany; paleocurrents-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; Rhine-Westphalian-Basin; sedimentary-rocks; shear-; style-; systems-; Upper-Carboniferous; Westphalian-; Stratigraphy; Sedimentary-petrology; Structural-geology Structural Geology Germany
Carboniferous ? Fraser, A. J.
Gawthorpe, R. L. 1990b Tectono-stratigraphic development and hydrocarbon habitat of the Carboniferous in northern England 49-86> Tectonic events responsible for Britain's oil and gas reserves 55 Hardman, R.F.P.
Brooks, J. London& Geological Society Special Publication< Carboniferous-; economic-geology; England-; Europe-; Great-Britain; northern-England; Paleozoic-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; possibilities-; reserves-; stratigraphy-; structural-geology; tectonics-; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Stratigraphy; Structural-geology Petroleum Geology UK
Carboniferous< ?E
Warr, L.N. 1993_ Basin Inversion and foreland basin development in the Rhenohercynian zone of south-west England 197-224( Rhenohercynian and Subvariscan Foldbelts -& Gayer, R.A.
Greiling, R.O.
Vogel, A.K. Wiesbaden International Monograph Series Structural Geology UK
Carboniferous| ?F ) Hoth, K.A.
Lindert, W.
Hoth, P.
Weyer, D. 2005k Das Oberkarbon des Nordrandes der Mitteleuropäischen Senke im Bereich Vorpommern, Rügen, Pommersche Bucht 355-368O Stratigraphie von Deutschland V - Das Oberkarbon (Pennsylvanium) in Deutschland 254 Wrede, V. Frankfurt a. M. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg Palaeogeography Germany
Carboniferous ?@
Praeg, Daniel 2004 Diachronous Variscan late-orogenic collapse as a response to multiple detachments; a view from the internides in France to the foreland in the Irish Sea 89-1383 Permo-Carboniferous Magmatism and Rifting in Europe 223P Wilson, M.
Neumann, E.R.
Davies, G.R.
Timmerman, M.J.
Heeremans, M.
Larsen, B.T. London* The Geological Society Special Publication Armorican-Massif; Atlantic-Ocean; Carboniferous-; Central-Massif; Chateaulin-Basin; collapse-structures; detachment-faults; Dinantian-; Europe-; faults-; Finistere-France; forelands-; France-; Irish-Sea; Morlaix-Basin; Namurian-; North-Atlantic; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; Permian-; plate-collision; plate-tectonics; Stephanian-; uplifts-; Upper-Carboniferous; Variscides-; Vouvant-Basin; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Structural-geology Structural Geologyf Models of the collapse of orogenic belts imply diachronous tectonism in which crustal uplift and extension may be compensated by peripheral compression. This first-order prediction is tested against published data on Varsican late-orogenic extensional and compressive structures along a 1500 km transect from the Variscan central internides in France to the foreland in the Irish Sea area. The collapse of the orogen is shown to have expanded northward over time, via three main stages: (i) collapse of the central internides (late Visean-mid-Westphalian, c. 335-310 Ma) -- crustal thinning took place by NW-SE extension within a relatively narrow (<500 km) central axis, accompanied to the north by passive infill of basins spanning a broad seaway inherited from extension during closure of the Rheic Ocean; (ii) reorientation and expansion of collapse (mid-Westphalian-late Stephanian, c. 310-300 Ma) -- in the mid-Westphalian, a 90 degrees rotation to NE-SW extension in the central internides was accompanied by changes across the northern internides (episodic basin formation and deformation), the externides (onset of thrust propagation) and the foreland (Westphalian C inversion), while from the early Stephanian, basins began to form in the central internides and expanded to the externides, coeval with final nappe emplacement along the orogenic front; and (iii) collapse of the foreland (late Stephanian-Early Permian, c. 300-290 Ma) -- km-scale uplift and erosion of the foreland took place, prior to widespread basin formation in the Early Permian (<290+ or -5 Ma). These three stages are argued to support a model of Variscan late-orogenic collapse in response to three successive detachments of negatively buoyant lithospheric material: of a collisionally thickened orogenic root, and of two (Rheic) oceanic slabs subducted, previously, southward (beneath the orogen) and northward (beneath the foreland). Multiple detachments are a predictable consequence of ocean closure and continental collision, so that episodic collapse may be a common process in the rise and fall of orogenic belts and the tectonic evolution of their forelands. Western Europe
Carboniferous ? Guion, P.D.
Fielding, C.R. 1988: Westphalian A and B sedimentation in the Pennine Basin, UK 153-177Y Sedimentation in a synorogenic basin complex; the Upper Carboniferous of Northwest Europe - Besly, B.M.
Kelling, G. Glasgow Blackie Carboniferous-; channels-; clastic-rocks; coal-; controls-; deltaic-environment; England-; Europe-; faults-; Great-Britain; northern-England; organic-residues; Paleozoic-; Pennine-Basin; sandstone-; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-petrology; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; structural-controls; subsidence-; transgression-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Sedimentary-petrology Palaeogeography UK
Carboniferous ? P Hayward, R. D.
Martin, C. A. L.
Harrison, D.
van Dort, G.
Guthrie, S.
Padget, N. 2003x The Flora Field, blocks 31-26a, 31-26c, UK North Sea.; United Kingdom oil and gas fields commemorative millennium volume 549-555# Geological Society, London, Memoirs 20@ Atlantic-Ocean; Chalk-Group; Cretaceous-; Europe-; Flora-Field; Flora-Sandstone; Grensen-Nose; Mesozoic-; natural-gas; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; oil-and-gas-fields; Paleozoic-; petroleum-; reserves-; structural-traps; traps-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Cretaceous; Western-Europe; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Petroleum GeologyN The Flora Field straddles Blocks 31/26a and 31/26c of the UK sector of the North Sea on the southern margin of the Central Graben. The field is located on the Grensen Nose, a long-lived structural high, and was discovered by the Amerada Hess operated well 31/26a-12 in mid-1997. The Flora Field accumulation is reservoired within the Flora Sandstone, an Upper Carboniferous fluvial deposit, and a thin Upper Jurassic veneer, trapped within a tilted fault block. Oil is sourced principally from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of the Central Graben and is sealed by overlying Lower Cretaceous marls and Upper Cretaceous Chalk Group. Reservoir quality is generally good with average net/gross of 85% and porosity of 21%, although permeability (Kh) exhibits a great deal of heterogeneity with a range of 0.1 to >10000 mD (average 300 mD). The reservoir suffers both sub-horizontal (floodplain shales) and vertical (faults) compartmentalization, as well as fracturing and a tar mat at the oil-water contact modifying flow and sweep of the reservoir. Expected recoverable reserves currently stand at 13 MMBBL. UK
Carboniferous 6? ' Hoffmann, N.
Joedicke, H.
Horejschi, L. 2005 Regional distribution of the Lower Carboniferous Culm and Carboniferous limestone facies in the North German Basin; derived from magnetotelluric soundings 323-3393 Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 156 2
black-shale; boreholes-; carbonate-rocks; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; clastic-rocks; cross-sections; Culm-; depositional-environment; Dinantian-; electrical-conductivity; electrical-methods; electrical-sounding; Europe-; geophysical-methods; Germany-; limestone-; lithofacies-; lithostratigraphy-; magnetotelluric-methods; marine-environment; models-; North-German-Basin; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; resistivity-; sedimentary-rocks; spatial-variations; tectonics-; Stratigraphy; Structural-geology; Applied-geophysics
Geophysics Since about 10 years, magnetotelluric (MT) soundings have been carried out within the area of the North German Basin, in order to detect electrically highly conducting layers in pre-Permian sediments. As shown in detail, such conductors are most probably caused by highly coalified bitumen-and pyrite-rich black shales. Utilizing their high conductivity, the MT method may allow discriminating between the Lower Carboniferous stillwater (black/alum shales) facies and the less conductive Carboniferous limestone or flysch facies. Highly conducting layers in pre-Permian sediments are encountered in the most north-easterly part of the basin, on the islands of Rugen and Usedom and the mainland adjacent to the south, up to the Anklam fault. Here they are correlated with Cambro-Ordovician black shales (Scandinavian Alum shales). In contrast, good conductors southwest of the Lower Elbe may be correlated with black shales of the Lower Carboniferous stillwater facies (Rhenohercynian Alum shales). In the centre of the basin, good conductors are missing in the pre-Permian. Particularly the missing of the Lower Carboniferous conductor may be explained by the formation of a "North German Carbonate Platform", which was encountered in numerous drill holes on Rugen Island, and by the distribution of the Lower Carboniferous flysch facies, also known from many drill holes in North Germany. Recent MT results from the Emsland and East Friesland profiles are of specific interest for the understanding of the regional distribution of Lower Carboniferous black shales in the North German Basin. MT models suggest that the good conductor observed in the area of the Pompeckj-Block at depths of 7 to 9 km may be correlated with Lower Carboniferous black shales. This deep conductor is missing underneath the more mobile Lower Saxony Block to the south, but is replaced by another conductor at shallower depths between 5 and 6 km. This seems to be a regional peculiarity and may be correlated with Westphalian coal seams that acquired high coalification by deep subsidence during the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous followed by Upper Cretaceous inversion of this block. The absence of the deeper black shale layer is probably due to a "Lower Saxony Carbonate Platform" there at depth, instead of stillwater facies sediments. The MT results thus give the clue to the Lower Carboniferous facies distribution. Palaeogeographic maps of the North German Basin during the Lower Carboniferous will have to be modified because the black shales of the stillwater facies most probably extend much further to the north than previously suggested. Furthermore, a link between the Rhenohercynian Culm facies realm and the so-called Bowland shale facies or equivalents realm of the southern North Sea and Central England via the "East Friesland Basin" cannot be excluded. The Lower Carboniferous sedimentation area is characterised by typical horst and graben structures with corresponding patterns of carbonate and black shale facies distribution. The MT results suggest that the Cleaver Bank High of the southern North Sea and the eastern Netherlands may extend into the Lower Saxony Block and that the Northwest German Basin may form a genuine part of the Lower Carboniferous large-scale horst and graben system. Germany
Carboniferous ? o Hollywood, J. M.
Whorlow, C. V. 1993i Structural development and hydrocarbon occurrence of the Carboniferous in the UK southern North Sea Basin 689-696H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference 4 Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Atlantic-Ocean; basins-; Carboniferous-; Europe-; extension-tectonics; faults-; geophysical-methods; geophysical-profiles; geophysical-surveys; Great-Britain; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; Paleozoic-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; sedimentary-basins; seismic-methods; seismic-profiles; southern-North-Sea; surveys-; tectonics-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; vertical-seismic-profiles; well-logging; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Structural-geology Petroleum Geology UK North Sea
Carboniferous H
ow (1993)-2036889929/Hollywood & Whorlow (1993).pdf ?
Leeder, M. R. 1988w Recent developments in Carboniferous geology; a critical review with implications for the British Isles and N.W. Europe 73-100* Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 99 2 absolute-age; Ar-Ar; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; continental-drift; cyclic-processes; dates-; dikes-; England-; Europe-; extension-; geochronology-; Great-Britain; intrusions-; lithosphere-; northwestern-Europe; paleoclimatology-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; plate-collision; sea-floor-spreading; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; tectonophysics-; terranes-; thickness-; tonstein-; transgression-; United-Kingdom; volcanism-; Western-Europe; Solid-earth-geophysics; Geochronology Geology Western Europe
Carboniferous? ( Legler, B.
Gebhardt, U.
Schneider, J. W. 2005k Late Permian nonmarine-marine transitional profiles in the central Southern Permian Basin, northern Germany 851-862' International Journal of Earth Sciences 94 5-6 algae-; Arthropoda-; basin-analysis; basins-; biofacies-; biogenic-structures; Bivalvia-; Central-Europe; Conodonta-; Crustacea-; depositional-environment; Europe-; Foraminifera-; Gastropoda-; Germany-; ichnofossils-; Invertebrata-; Kupferschiefer-; lake-level-changes; lithostratigraphy-; lithotypes-; Mandibulata-; marine-environment; microfossils-; Mollusca-; Ostracoda-; paleoenvironment-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; Permian-; petrography-; Plantae-; Protista-; Rotliegendes-; Schleswig-Holstein-Germany; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-basins; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentary-structures; sedimentation-; Southern-Permian-Basin; terrestrial-environment; transition-zones; Upper-Permian; Werra-Series; Zechstein-; Stratigraphy; Sedimentary-petrology Palaeogeography Germany Permian i?
McCann, T. 1999i The tectonosedimentary evolution of the northern margin of the Carboniferous foreland basin of NE Germany 119-144 Tectonophysics 313 1-2# basin-analysis; basins-; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; continental-margin; depositional-environment; Europe-; foreland-basins; geochemistry-; Germany-; Hercynian-Orogeny; marine-environment; Mecklenburg-Western-Pomerania-Germany; North-German-Plain; Northeastern-German-Plain; northeastern-Germany; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; petrography-; provenance-; Rugen-Island; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-basins; sedimentary-rocks; tectonic-elements; tectonics-; tectonostratigraphic-units; terrestrial-environment; Structural-geology; Sedimentary-petrology Palaeogeographyb The geometry and evolution of the northern margin of the Carboniferous foreland basin in NE Germany was examined in terms of depositional environments, petrographic and geochemical data. Lower Carboniferous units are carbonate-rich and predominantly marine. By Namurian times continental environments are established along the northern basin margin with turbiditic sedimentation persisting in the south. The Upper Carboniferous succession is continental and clastic. The sandstones were derived from a quartz-rich source, located to the north, with subordinate sedimentary input. Basin evolution and the development of a characteristic marine-to-continental sedimentary succession, while being predominantly controlled by flexure induced by the Variscan Orogen to the south, was also influenced by eustatic sea-level variations and more localised tectonic movements. Germany
Carboniferous ( " 4624/McCann-1999.pdf ? , Martin, C.A.L.
Stewart, S.A.
Doubleday, P.A. 2002i Upper Carboniferous and Lower Permian tectonostratigraphy on the southern margin of the central North Sea 731-749" Journal of the Geological Society 159 Part 6 angular-unconformities; Atlantic-Ocean; Auk-Formation; basalts-; biostratigraphy-; Carboniferous-; central-North-Sea; correlation-; cross-stratification; extension-faults; faults-; Flora-Sandstone; geophysical-methods; geophysical-profiles; geophysical-surveys; Grensen-Formation; Grensen-Nose; igneous-rocks; Inge-Volcanics-Formation; lithostratigraphy-; Lower-Permian; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; Paleozoic-; Permian-; petrography-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; planar-bedding-structures; Rotliegendes-; Schooner-Formation; sedimentary-structures; seismic-methods; seismic-profiles; surveys-; tectonostratigraphic-units; unconformities-; Upper-Carboniferous; volcanic-rocks; well-logs; Stratigraphy; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Geology Hydrocarbon exploration in UK licence blocks 31/26 and 39/2 on the southern margin of the Central North Sea in 1996 and 1997 proved the presence of a Palaeozoic sedimentary succession, previously undescribed in the area. Biostratigraphic data from the sediments and radiometric dating of interbedded basaltic lavas indicate that the succession spans the Upper Carboniferous (Westphalian B) to Lower Permian (Asselian) interval; this has been informally split into three sedimentary units. The "Lower Flora Sandstone" is of Westphalian B-C age. This clastic interval is overlain by the first of two main lavas, which is in turn overlain by the Westphalian C-D to Stephanian "Upper Flora Sandstone". The Flora Sandstones are interpreted to be lithostratigraphic equivalents to the Schooner Formation of the Southern North Sea. The Flora Sandstones are separated from the "Grensen Formation" by an angular unconformity, possibly related to Variscan (Asturic) inversion. The Grensen Formation is in turn overlain by a second basaltic lava flow. Both basaltic units are assigned to the Inge Volcanics Formation, Rotliegend Group. Petrographic data indicate that the Grensen Formation also forms part of the Rotliegend Group. A major extensional event of Permian age post-dates all of these strata. Extensional faults are planed by a regional unconformity (Saalian unconformity) that is overstepped by Permian to Cretaceous strata. Central North Sea Carboniferous; Permian
? I Maynard, J.R.
Hofmann, W.
Dunay, R.E.
Benthan, P.N.
Dean, K.P.
Watson, I. 1997J The Carboniferous of Western Europe; the development of a petroleum system 97-115 Petroleum Geoscience 3 2 Atlantic-Ocean; basins-; biostratigraphy-; burial-; carbonate-ramps; Carboniferous-; chronostratigraphy-; data-bases; data-processing; Europe-; faults-; foreland-basins; lithostratigraphy-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; plate-tectonics; primary-migration; rifting-; stratigraphy-; strike-slip-faults; subsidence-; tectonics-; thermal-maturity; Western-Europe; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Petroleum Geology
A consistent stratigraphic study of the western European Carboniferous Basin has allowed the generation of eight palaeogeographic timeslices. These illustrate a model of large scale eastern (dextral) tectonic escape on the northern side of a convergent margin and integrate the diverse tectonic and sedimentary settings observed within the basin as a whole. This model can be compared to the present day eastern Mediterranean, where a similar range of diverse tectonic settings are observed. Reservoir and source distribution is discussed for each time-slice along with the present distribution of Carboniferous oil and gas fields. Due to the diversity observed no unique play type can be distilled from the data to explain the distribution of hydrocarbons within the studied area. Western Europe
Carboniferous @ <
i(1997)-4158940180/Maynard et al. (1997).pdf ?
Rippon, J. H. 1996p Sandy body orientation, palaeoslope analysis and basin-fill implications in the Westphalian A-C of Great Britain 881-900" Journal of the Geological Society 153 Part 6 basin-analysis; buried-channels; Carboniferous-; coal-; coal-fields; Culm-Basin; eastern-Scotland; England-; Europe-; fluvial-environment; fluvial-features; Great-Britain; lithostratigraphy-; northeastern-England; organic-residues; paleocurrents-; paleogeography-; paleorelief-; Paleozoic-; Pennine-Basin; planar-bedding-structures; reconstruction-; sand-bodies; Scotland-; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentary-structures; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Wales-; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Stratigraphy Palaeogeography UK
Carboniferousj ? o Ritchie, J. S.
Pratsides, P. 1993. The Caister Fields, Block 44-23a, UK North Sea 759-769H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference 4 Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society anticlines-; Atlantic-Ocean; Bunter-; Caister-Fields; cap-rocks; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; Europe-; faults-; folds-; Lower-Triassic; Mesozoic-; natural-gas; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; oil-and-gas-fields; Paleozoic-; permeability-; petroleum-; porosity-; reservoir-properties; reservoir-rocks; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; Silver-Pit-Basin; Triassic-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Petroleum Geology UK North Sea
Carboniferous ?! $ Ritchie, J. S.
Pilling, D.
Hayes, S. 1998 Reservoir development, sequence stratigraphy and geological modelling of Westphalian fluvial reservoirs of the Caister C Field, UK southern North Sea 203-221 Petroleum Geoscience 4 3 Atlantic-Ocean; Caister-C-Field; Carboniferous-; Europe-; fluvial-environment; Great-Britain; models-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; oil-and-gas-fields; Paleozoic-; petroleum-; petroleum-engineering; petroleum-exploration; reservoir-properties; reservoir-rocks; sequence-stratigraphy; three-dimensional-methods; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Stratigraphy Petroleum Geology The earliest Westphalian B reservoir of the Caister C Field (informally named the Caister Sandstone Unit consists of erosive conglomeratic sandstones deposited in stacked low sinuosity fluvial channels. Channel types and architectural elements demonstrate an upward change to more sinuous forms. The Caister Sandstone Unit is believed to contain incised valley-fill sediments deposited as late lowstand and transgressive systems tracts when rising base level generated accommodation space. The dominant control on reservoir quality is primary depositional texture with the best permeability found in higher energy coarse sandstone and pebbly intervals associated with basal channel-fill units; crevasse channel and splay sandstones offer poor reservoir properties. The robust correlation framework, which is based upon laterally extensive coal seams, enables a sequence stratigraphic model of the field to be developed, thereby allowing a better understanding of reservoir extent and sandbody continuity. A 3D geocellular geological model is built with reservoir architecture elements controlled by the sedimentological model. This is used for volumetrics calculations, input to a reservoir simulator and in the locating and planning of in-fill wells. UK North Sea
Carboniferous %?" Quirk, David G. 19877 Genesis of South Pennine ore field, Derbyshire, England 6045 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 71 5Y Carboniferous-; Derbyshire-England; Dinantian-; economic-geology; England-; Europe-; Great-Britain; hydrocarbons-; lead-zinc-deposits; metal-ores; migration-; mineral-deposits,-genesis; mississippi-valley-type-deposits; organic-compounds; Paleozoic-; South-Pennine-Field; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Economic-geology,-geology-of-ore-deposits Geochemistry UK
CarboniferousA ?# o Quirk, D. G. 1993C Interpreting the Upper Carboniferous of the Dutch Cleaver Bank High 697-706H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference 4 Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Acadian-Phase; Atlantic-Ocean; Carboniferous-; Cleaver-Bank-High; Coal-Measures; Devonian-; Europe-; extension-tectonics; fluvial-environment; Millstone-Grit; Netherlands-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; offshore-; Paleozoic-; plate-tectonics; regression-; reservoir-rocks; rifting-; sea-level-changes; stratigraphy-; subsidence-; tectonics-; Tornquist-Sea; transgression-; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Stratigraphy Geology Netherlands
Carboniferous , "( l359689/Quirk (1993).pdf 1?$ Patijn, R. J. H. 1963V Het carboon in de ondergrond van Nederland en de oorsprong van het massief van Brabant 341-349 Geologie en Mijnbouw 42 11 Belgium-; Brabant-Massif; Carboniferous-; Europe-; Netherlands-; Paleozoic-; regional-; stratigraphy-; tectonics-; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Stratigraphy; Structural-geology Geology The Carboniferous in the Netherlands belongs to the external zone of the Carboniferous geosyncline of northwest Europe. The lower coal-bearing Carboniferous (Westphalian A and B) is present throughout the Netherlands in a facies similar to that found in Limburg and the Ruhr. The higher coal-bearing Carboniferous (Westphalian C and D) is less widespread. Variscan folding caused irregular deposition and partial denudation, so that the Westphalian D was probably never deposited in the southern Netherlands. The Brabant massif became an area of denudation at the end of the Westphalian C; major uplift occurred much later, during Kimmeridgian (Jurassic) time. Netherlands
Carboniferous ?% Fan, L. Sun
Vandenberghe, N. 1989. Geothermal demonstration activities in Belgium 612-622W International Seminar on the Results of EC Geothermal Energy Research and Demonstration 4 Belgium-; Douvrain-; economic-geology; Europe-; exploration-; geothermal-energy; Ghlin-; Hainaut-Belgium; injection-; Mons-Basin; pilot-plants; programs-; reservoir-rocks; Saint-Ghislain; Western-Europe; Economic-geology,-economics-of-energy-sources Geothermics Belgium Generic?C Süss, M.P. 2001 The Ruhr and Aachen basins – sedimentary environments, sequence stratigraphic model, and synsedimentary tectonics of variscan foreland basins (Namurian B/C to Westphalian C, W. Germany) 208-227& Carboniferous and Permian of the World 19( Hills, L.V.
Henderson, C.M.
Bamber, E.W./ Memoir Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Stratigraphy Germany
Carboniferous , ?D ] Szaniawski, Rafal
Lewandowski, Marek
Mansy Jean, Louis
Averbuch, Olivier
Lacquement, Frederic 2003 Syn-folding remagnetization events in the French-Belgium Variscan thrust front as markers of the fold-and-thrust belt kinematics 511-523. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 174 5 Ardennes-; Belgium-; carbonate-rocks; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; deep-seated-structures; deformation-; Devonian-; Europe-; fold-and-thrust-belts; folds-; France-; Hercynian-Orogeny; kinematics-; limestone-; magnetic-declination; magnetization-; natural-remanent-magnetization; orogenic-belts; orogeny-; paleomagnetism-; Paleozoic-; remagnetization-; remanent-magnetization; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; tectonics-; Variscides-; Western-Europe; Structural-geology; Stratigraphy Structural Geology New paleomagnetic studies have been carried out within the Ardennes segment of the N France-S Belgium Variscan fold-and-thrust belt to set constraints on the fold-thrust belt kinematics and reveal the casual relationships between vertical-axis rotations and major strike deviated zones localised along the general trend of the belt. Magnetite-bearing Devonian and Carboniferous limestones yielded two characteristic, secondary components of the natural remanent magnetization: a low temperature component recorded most probably during the late stages of folding and a high temperature component, acquired during incipient stages of deformation. Both post- and synfolding magnetizations were identified in the Lower Devonian hematite bearing sandstones. Ages of magnetization, inferred from the analysis of characteristic remanence inclinations compared to the reference curves for the stable parts of the Old Red Sandstones Continent (ORC), suggest the previous remagnetization event to be due to the burial of sedimentary rocks under the thick molassic foreland basin of Namurian-Westphalian age and the second to the final out-of-sequence activation of the thrust front in Stephanian times. Irrespective of the age of the magnetizations, orientations of paleomagnetic directions are dominantly governed by second-order structural trends. Clockwise rotations are observed in relatively narrow zones featuring deviated orientations of fold axes, other sites show paleomagnetic directions akin to those known from the ORC. We interpret this feature as a result of local transpressive deformations and related rotations, which occurred at lateral borders of propagating thrust-sheets. The latter deformation zones are suggested to be controlled by deep-seated discontinuities inherited from the Devonian Rheno-Hercynian basin development. The Ardennes thrust belt was thus not rotated as a whole unit with respect to the ORC after the Namurian, preserving the initial orientation of the continental margin. Western Europe
Carboniferous ? Davidson, C.F.
Ponsford, D.R.A. 1954% On the occurrence of uranium in coals 265-273 Mining Magazine 91 Geochemistry Generic Generic ?
Dellwig, Olaf 1999Z Geochemistry of Holocene coastal deposits (NW Germany): Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction 297 Oldenburg Carl von Ossietzky Universität Geochemistry Germany
Quaternary
P)-2314644495/Delwig ch2-4 (1999).pdf
internal-pdf://Delwig ch3-1 (1999)-4244029455/Delwig ch3-1 (1999).pdf
internal-pdf://Delwig ch3-2 (1999)-4059485199/Delwig ch3-2 (1999).pdf
internal-pdf://Delwig ch4 (1999)-2985748751/Delwig ch4 (1999).pdf
internal-pdf://Delwig ref (1999)-3438738447/Delwig ref (1999).pdf
internal-pdf://Delwig app (1999)-1844908303/Delwig app (1999).pdf ? Diessel, C.F.K. 1992! Coal-bearing depositional systems 721 - Berlin Springer-Verlag Clastic sedimentology Generic Generic ? Eagar, R. M. C. 1951r Variation with respect to petrological differences in a thin band of Upper Carboniferous non-marine Lamellibranchs 161-190' Liverpool Manchester Geological Journal 10
Mineralogy UK
Carboniferous ?
Jedwab, J. 1966; Les degats radiatifs dans le charbon uranifere du Schaetzel 445-453 Geologische Rundschau 55 Geochemistry Germany
Carboniferous ? Laznicka, P. 1985A The geological association of coal and metallic ores – a review 1-71\ Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits. Regional studies and specific deposits 13 Wolf, K.H. - - Geochemistry Generic Generic v?D ; Gayer, R.A.
Cole, J.E.
Greiling, R.O.
Hecht, C.
Jones, J.A. 1993b Comparative evolution of coal bearing foreland basins along the Variscan Northern margin in Europe 47-82( Rhenohercynian and Subvariscan Foldbelts& Gayer, R.A.
Greiling, R.O.
Vogel, A.K. Wiesbaden International Monograph series Structural Geology Western Europe
Carboniferous ?( K Harland, W.B.
Armstrong, R.L.
Cox, A.V.
Craig, L.E.
Smith, A.G.
Smith, D.E. 1990 A geological timescale 1989 263 - Cambridge Cambridge University Press Stratigraphy Generic Generic n?8 McLean, D.
Owens, B.
Bodman, D. 2004_ Palynostratigraphy of the Upper Carboniferous Langsettian-Duckmantian stage boundary in Britain 123-1353 The palynology and micropalaeontology of boundaries 230 Beaudoin, A.B.
Head, M.J. London* The Geological Society Special Publication Gondisporites-bulboides; Hymenisporites-murdochensis; assemblages-; Atlantic-Ocean; biostratigraphy-; biozones-; Carboniferous-; Chesterfield-England; Derbyshire-England; Duckmantian-; England-; Europe-; floral-list; Great-Britain; Langsettian-; marine-environment; microfossils-; miospores-; morphology-; new-taxa; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; paleoenvironment-; Paleozoic-; palynomorphs-; pollen-; Schulzospora-rara; Sinuspores-; stratigraphic-boundary; stratotypes-; taxonomy-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy
Palaeontology A critique of palynostratigraphic zonation schemes associated with the Langsettian-Duckmantian Stage boundary shows that, at high levels of stratigraphic resolution, most criteria used as palynological proxies for the position of the boundary are unsuitable. Most importantly, in the Duckmantian stratotype section the highest stratigraphic occurrence of the index species Schulzospora rara is above (rather than below or within) the Vanderbeckei Marine Band, the base of which defines the Duckmantian Stage. A cored section through the boundary in southern North Sea well 44/22-1 displays comparable microfloral distributions. While data are as yet too sparse to provide detailed answers, the findings have implications for understanding how marine flooding events affected Carboniferous microfloral evolution and extinction. Ultimately this influences how microfloral biozone boundaries relate to the regional European Upper Carboniferous stage boundaries, which are largely defined in relation to strata deposited during marine flooding events similar to that associated with the Langsettian-Duckmantian boundary. The miospore genus Sinuspores Artuz is emended, and two new taxa are described: Gondisporites bulboides sp. nov. and Hymenospora murdochensis sp. nov. UK
Carboniferous I?9
Leeder, M. R. 1992 Dinantian 207-238 The Geology of England and Wales Duff, P.M.D.
Smith, A.J. London The Geological Society Carboniferous-; Dinantian-; England-; Europe-; Great-Britain; Paleozoic-; stratigraphy-; United-Kingdom; Wales-; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy Geology UK
Carboniferous?* ^ Andersen, N.
Paul, H.A.
Bernasconi, S.M.
McKenzie, J.A.
Behrens, A.
Schaeffer, P.
Albrecht, P. 2001 Large and rapid climate variability during the Messinian salinity crisis; evidence from deuterium concentrations of individual biomarkers 799-802 Geology 29 9H aliphatic-hydrocarbons; alkanes-; biomarkers-; C-13-C-12; carbon-; Cenozoic-; chemically-precipitated-rocks; climate-change; D-H; desiccation-; deuterium-; Europe-; evaporation-; evaporites-; experimental-studies; geochemistry-; Gibellina-Italy; hydrocarbons-; hydrogen-; isoprenoids-; isotope-ratios; isotopes-; Italy-; Messinian-; Miocene-; n-alkanes; Neogene-; organic-compounds; paleo-oceanography; paleoclimatology-; paleosalinity-; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-rocks; Sicily-Italy; Southern-Europe; stable-isotopes; Tertiary-; upper-Miocene; Stratigraphy; Isotope-geochemistry Organic geochemistryc During the Messinian, 6 m.y. ago, massive sea-level fall and widespread deposition of evaporites occurred in the Mediterranean Sea when it became isolated from the world oceans. Here we present the first hydrogen isotope data from individual sedimentary biomarkers, n-alkanes and isoprenoids, that tracked climatically driven hydrographic changes in response to extreme evaporation during the Messinian salinity crisis. The stable hydrogen and carbon isotope compositions of these biomarkers show a range of 160ppm in delta D values and 14ppm in delta (super 13) C values, and roughly covary. This indicates that the source waters of the biomarkers were therefore in some cases extremely enriched in deuterium, having average delta D as great as +66ppm VSMOW (Vienna standard mean ocean water). Such values are only known from desert climates today. Because the offset between the delta D values of n-alkanes and isoprenoids preserved in the Miocene sedimentary rocks is similar to the offset found in modern biological samples, we conclude that diagenesis did not significantly affect the primary deuterium concentrations. Generic Neogene @ t 001)-0457098262/Andersen et al. (2001).pdf ?, , Bond, David
Wignall Paul, B.
Racki, Grzegorz 2004 Extent and duration of marine anoxia during the Frasnian-Famennian (Late Devonian) mass extinction in Poland, Germany, Austria and France 173-193 Geological Magazine 141 2 anaerobic-environment; Arthropoda-; Austria-; basins-; biogenic-structures; biostratigraphy-; biota-; bioturbation-; biozones-; Brachiopoda-; C-13-C-12; carbon-; Central-Europe; Cephalopoda-; chemical-composition; chemical-ratios; Conodonta-; Devonian-; Eh-; epicontinental-seas; Europe-; fabric-; facies-; Famennian-; France-; Frasnian-; gamma-ray-spectra; geochemistry-; Germany-; Invertebrata-; isotope-ratios; isotopes-; marine-environment; mass-extinctions; microfossils-; mineral-composition; Mollusca-; organic-compounds; paleoecology-; paleoenvironment-; Paleozoic-; Poland-; pyrite-; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentary-structures; SEM-data; shallow-water-environment; spectra-; stable-isotopes; stratigraphic-units; sulfides-; Th-U; total-organic-carbon; Trilobita-; Trilobitomorpha-; Upper-Devonian; Western-Europe; X-ray-fluorescence-spectra; Stratigraphy; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry Europe Devonian 8 / Ҩ-0571526708/Bond et al. (2004).pdf $?- Bond, Dave
Zaton Michal, L. 2003p Gamma-ray spectrometry across the Upper Devonian basin succession at Kowala in the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) 93-99 Acta Geologica Polonica 53 20 Central-Europe; correlation-; Devonian-; Europe-; Famennian-; Frasnian-; gamma-ray-methods; geophysical-methods; geophysical-surveys; isotopes-; Kowala-Poland; mass-extinctions; Paleozoic-; Poland-; radioactivity-methods; surveys-; Swiety-Krzyz-Mountains; Upper-Devonian; Stratigraphy; Applied-geophysics Geochemistry Poland Devonian 8 8 ()-4080531252/Bond & Zaton (2003).pdf
?. Brumsack, H.J. 2006r The trace metal content of recent organic carbon-rich sediments; implications for Cretaceous black shale formation 344-3611 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 232 2-4 Africa-; air-sea-interface; alkaline-earth-metals; anaerobic-environment; barium-; bioaccumulation-; bioavailability-; Black-Sea; black-shale; cadmium-; carbon-dioxide; chemical-composition; clastic-rocks; coastal-environment; continental-margin; continental-margin-sedimentation; Cretaceous-; discharge-; dissolved-materials; dissolved-oxygen; East-Mediterranean; East-Pacific; enrichment-; fixation-; geochemical-cycle; geochemistry-; global-; Gulf-of-California; habitat-; hydrothermal-vents; major-elements; manganese-; Mediterranean-Sea; Mesozoic-; metals-; modern-analogs; molybdenum-; Namibia-; North-Pacific; Northeast-Pacific; nutrients-; organic-compounds; oxygen-; Pacific-Ocean; paleoecology-; Peru-; phosphorus-; precipitation-; productivity-; rhenium-; sapropel-; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; sedimentation-rates; sediments-; South-America; Southern-Africa; sulfides-; sulfur-; theoretical-models; trace-metals; transport-; upwelling-; Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry Organic carbon-rich sediments are enriched in several redox-sensitive and stable sulfide-forming trace metals (TM) and form an important sink in global TM cycles. In today's ocean such sediments are deposited in coastal upwelling areas like those in the Gulf of California, off Peru or off the Namibian coast and euxinic basins like the Black Sea. In an attempt to distinguish both environments by their specific TM patterns, some important conclusions may be drawn: 1) The TM enrichment seen in both environments broadly is rather similar. 2) Upwelling sediments are often enriched in Cd and P and depleted in Co and Mn. 3) Sapropels have a tendency towards higher enrichments in Ba and Mo, S, Re, As, Cu, Ni, Sb, and Fe, reflecting the strong sulfidation in an anoxic water column. 4) Upwelling systems cover a broad range of environmental settings where the steepness of the slope, the proximity of H (sub 2) S to the sediment seawater interface and the intensity of bio-accumulation and regeneration play an important role for TM accumulation. 5) The TM content of anoxic basins is mainly controlled by TM availability in the water column and sedimentation rate. 6) Enhanced bio-productivity is the main switch turning an oxygenated into an anoxic environment. Cretaceous black shales (OAE 2) exhibit TM signatures of both, coastal upwelling areas and sapropels. The strong enrichments in Cd, Mo, Tl, V, Cu, Ni, (Bi), and Sb demonstrate that bio-accumulation and presence of H (sub 2) S in the water column and associated sulfidation processes persisted during this time interval in large parts of the Proto-Atlantic. The usefulness of Ba as a paleoproductivity-proxy is obscured by diagenesis. The extreme accumulation in Ag and Zn requires either an additional TM source, for instance hydrothermal input, or a different TM seawater composition during the Cretaceous. The geochemical data suggest, that the major driving force for the widespread occurrence of C/T black shales seems to be the increase in volcanic activity and associated CO (sub 2) -input throughout the Cretaceous. The ocean-atmosphere system operated in a mode different from today during this time interval. After conversion of the "nutrient" CO (sub 2) into organic matter the system switched back into the "normal" operational mode. Generic Generic 0 _l32936192/Brumsack (2006).pdf?2
Curtis, C. D. 1967@ Diagenetic iron minerals in some British Carboniferous sediments 2109-2123 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 31 11 analysis-; Argillaceous-; Carboniferous-; diagenesis-; England-; Europe-; genesis-; Great-Britain; iron-minerals; Iron-minerals-in-sedimentary-rocks; mineral-composition; mineral-data; mineralization-; paleoecology-; Paleozoic-; sedimentary-petrology; sedimentary-rocks; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Westphalian-sedimentary-rocks; Yorkshire-England; Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry The development of pyrite and siderite in marine and nonmarine Westphalian argillaceous sediments traversed by a borehole in Yorkshire has been studied in detail. Pyrite predominates in marine strata whereas siderite-rich samples are associated with a nonmarine fauna. Both phases formed after deposition, at some distance below the sediment/water interface, and both grew partly at the expense of iron in the detrital silicate fraction and partly from ferric hydroxides, the latter having been either transported and deposited with the clay minerals or precipitated from the depositional waters. The extent of such diagenetic mineral growth was governed mainly by the activities of anionic species bacterially generated within the diagenetic environment. The aqueous phase was strongly reducing and the redox potential of the siderite growth environment was no higher than that of the pyrite environment. UK
Carboniferous , \ 861432/Curtis (1967).pdf
?3 K Dellwig, Olaf
Boettcher Michael, E.
Lipinski, Marcus
Brumsack Hans, Juergen 2002Z Trace metals in Holocene coastal peats and their relation to pyrite formation (NW Germany) 423-442 Chemical Geology 182 2-4c Cenozoic-; Central-Europe; coastal-environment; cores-; crystal-growth; Eh-; Europe-; fixation-; geochemical-cycle; Germany-; high-resolution-methods; Holocene-; ICP-mass-spectra; iron-; isotope-ratios; isotopes-; Lower-Saxony-Germany; mass-spectra; metals-; North-Sea-Coast; northwestern-Germany; paludal-environment; peat-; pyrite-; Quaternary-; S-34-S-32; sea-level-changes; sediments-; sinks-; spectra-; stable-isotopes; sulfides-; sulfur-; terrestrial-environment; trace-elements; trace-metals; Wangerland-Germany; X-ray-fluorescence-spectra; Quaternary-geology; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry Three drill cores from the marshlands of NW Germany, which cover the entire Holocene, were analyzed at high-resolution for bulk composition, Al, Fe, selected trace metals, and stable sulfur isotopes. The drill cores contain two lithological types of peat: (i) basal peats overlying Pleistocene sands and (ii) intercalated peats situated between clastic sediments of predominantly marine origin. The peat layers are characterized by distinct enrichments in pyrite due to microbial sulfate reduction under almost open system conditions with respect to seawater sulfate as shown by sulfur isotope partitioning. The main Fe source seems to be the freshwater environment. The determination of dissolved and particulate Fe of channels and small rivers close to the study area revealed a 50-fold higher Fe content of the freshwater environment when compared with North Sea water. Pyrite enrichments are explained by two scenarios: (i) pyrite formation coincides with fen reed peat growth (basal and intercalated) under the influence of a brackish water zone (salinity app. 5-15) and (ii) pyrite was formed after peat growth in the lowest limnic basal peat intervals. Maximum pyrite accumulation (TS 28%) occurs in latter peats that contain thin clastic layers as a result of tidal channel activities after peat formation. The occurrence of clastic layers may have favoured the inflow of saline groundwater. The peat layers are also characterized by enrichments in redox-sensitive trace metals (As, Mo, Re, U) and Cd, whereas Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl, and Zn reflect the geogenic background. Leaching experiments have shown that As, Co, Cu, Mo, Re, and Tl are predominantly fixed as sulfides and/or incorporated into pyrite. The remaining trace metals show no distinct trends, only Cr reveals a strong relation to the lithogenic detritus. Seawater is the dominating source for As, Cd, Mo, Re, and U. The remaining trace elements seem to have a freshwater source similar to Fe. In contrast to the distribution of pyrite, highest amounts of redox-sensitive trace metals are seen in fen reed peats (basal and intercalated) that were formed under a direct influence of seawater and brackish water, respectively. Therefore, we suggest that saline groundwater entering the basal peats was probably depleted in redox-sensitive trace metals, e.g. owing to microbially induced reduction of trace metals and subsequent precipitation as sulfides or fixation by organic matter. Germany
Quaternary < 4 H2)-2511590144/Dellwig et al (2002).pdf ?4 Dill, H. G.
Pöhlmann, H. 2002u Chemical composition and mineral matter of paralic and limnic coal types of lignite through anthracite rank (Germany) 851-8674 Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 19 alteration-; anthracite-; bituminous-coal; Central-Europe; chemical-composition; classification-; coal-; coalification-; correlation-coefficient; depositional-environment; Europe-; fluvial-environment; geochemical-anomalies; Germany-; lignite-; major-elements; mass-spectra; metals-; mineral-composition; rank-; rare-earths; sedimentary-rocks; SEM-data; spectra-; statistical-analysis; trace-elements; X-ray-fluorescence-spectra; Petrology-of-coal Geochemistry Brown and hard coals which formed in paralic and limnic to fluvial environments of deposition were investigated for their chemical composition using XRF and ICP-MS and for their mineral matter using XRD and SEM after low-temperature plasma ashing. The set of samples covers the period from the Upper Carboniferous through the Late Tertiary with respect to age of formation and the lignite through anthracite stage with regard to the rank of coalification. The paper provides more detailed information on the host of the trace elements in the mineral matter and on the variation of elements as a function of coal rank and environment of deposition. The mineral matter and element associations are discussed in view of the processes operative during coal formation (sedimentation, diagenesis, epigenesis, supergene alteration). The chemical composition of coal samples may track mineralogical changes in the primary environment of deposition, during epigenetic and supergene alterations. Only a few elements (e.g. P, REE) vary with the rank of coalification. Diagenetic alteration of the mineral matter, which runs parallel with coalification of organic matter is isochemical in nature and for that reason the process is less significant with respect to element variation than supergene alteration which may be called allochemical. Based upon that finding, chemical facies analyses may successfully be conducted to place constraints on the environment of deposition provided the brown and hard coals under study did not undergo strong epigenetic or supergene alteration. Germany Generic O
?6 Erickson, B.E.
Helz, G.R. 2000V Molybdenum(VI) speciation in sulfidic waters; stability and lability of thiomolybdates 1149-1158 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64 7k absorption-; anaerobic-environment; aquatic-environment; aqueous-solutions; catalysis-; chemical-fractionation; chemical-reactions; diagenesis-; geochemistry-; hydrochemistry-; hydrogen-sulfide; kinetics-; laboratory-studies; metals-; molybdates-; molybdenum-; phase-equilibria; pore-water; sediments-; stability-; sulfur-; thiomolybdates-; water-; Hydrochemistry Geochemistry Generic Generic @ 7 @(2000)-2341382400/Erickson & Helz (2000).pdf?7
Ernst, Werner 1966V Stratigraphisch-fazielle Identifizierung von Sedimenten auf chemisch-geologischem Wege 21-29 Geologische Rundschau 55 1r applications-; correlation-; geochemical-; geochemistry-; methods-; sedimentary-rocks; stratigraphy-; Stratigraphy Geochemistry Among the geochemical methods of identifying and correlating sedimentary formations, those based on differences in salinity are now widely used. The boron content of claystones is an indicator of the original salinity, and is relatively unaffected by diagenetic changes. Results of environmental studies agree well with those based on paleontology. Several thousand drill samples from the upper Carboniferous of western Germany have been analyzed by this method. The boron curves show an increase in salinity of sediments in a northwesterly direction, corresponding to the former position of the marine foredeep. The high point of the transgression can also be discerned. A sharp rise in the boundary between Stephanian (Carboniferous) and Rotliegendes (Permian) formations is interpreted as marking a transition from warm-humid to hot-dry climate. Similar changes can be detected, on a smaller scale, between other formations in the series, but it is not always possible to differentiate between marine and nonmarine deposits. A general increase in salinity is apparent from the Westphalian B formation upward in the upper Carboniferous, in the upper Cretaceous, and in the Tertiary. Generic Generic
?8 Fisher, Q. J.
Wignall, P. B. 2001 Palaeoenvironmental controls on the uranium distribution in an Upper Carboniferous black shale (Gastrioceras listeri Marine Band) and associated strata; England 605-621 Chemical Geology 175 3-4 actinides-; Ammonoidea-; anaerobic-environment; authigenesis-; biofacies-; biostratigraphy-; Bivalvia-; black-shale; Carboniferous-; Cephalopoda-; clastic-rocks; concentration-; depositional-environment; England-; Europe-; francolite-; Gastrioceras-listeri-Marine-Band; geochemistry-; Goniatites-; Goniatitida-; Goniatitidae-; Great-Britain; Invertebrata-; lithogeochemistry-; marine-environment; metals-; Middlecliff-Quarry; Mollusca-; mudstone-; paleoenvironment-; Paleozoic-; phosphates-; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-rates; Sheffield-England; Tetrabranchiata-; transgression-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; uranium-; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Yorkshire-England; Stratigraphy; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry The mudrocks associated with the Gastrioceras listeri (G. listeri) Marine Band contain 0 to 200 ppm authigenic uranium. Several geochemical (degree of pyritisation (DOP), C/S ratios and framboidal pyrite size distribution) and palaeontological indicators (oxygen-restricted biofacies (ORB) analysis) suggest that the highest authigenic uranium concentrations are within marine sediments associated with the most oxygen-restricted biofacies (ORBs 2 and 3). The uranium peaks tend to occur at the transition between biofacies rather than within the middle of more persistently anoxic intervals. These horizons may have been deposited when the oxygen minimum zone impinged on the seafloor. Brief oxygenation of an otherwise anoxic environment was conducive to francolite precipitation, which then scavenged dissolved uranium. Slow sedimentation rates are also important in concentrating uranium and francolite. Thus, enriched U values are only encountered under specific conditions of low, but fluctuating, oxygen regime and extremely slow sedimentation rates. Truly euxinic facies, lacking any fossils, and a uniformly small framboid population do not contain high concentrations of francolite and are not U-rich. UK
Carboniferous D El (2001)-0532637696/Fisher & Wignall (2001).pdf
? Morse, J. W.
Berner, R. A. 1995' What determines sedimentary C-S ratios? 1073-1077 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59 6 burial-; carbon-; chemical-ratios; factors-; fines-; metabolism-; organic-carbon; organic-compounds; organic-materials; oxidation-; pyrite-; sediments-; siliciclastics-; sulfides-; sulfur-; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry Generic Generic @ (1995)-0732843776/Morse & Berner (1995).pdf 4?
D Abels, H.A.
van Simaeys, S.
Hilgen, F.J.
de Man, E.
Vandenberghe, N. 2006 Obliquity-dominated glacio-eustatic sea level change in the early Oligocene; evidence from the shallow marine siliciclastic Rupelian stratotype (Boom Formation, Belgium) 65-73
Terra Nova 19 Belgium-; Boom-Clay; Cenozoic-; cycles-; Europe-; glaciation-; lower-Oligocene; obliquity-of-the-ecliptic; Oligocene-; Paleogene-; resistivity-; Rupelian-; sea-level-changes; statistical-analysis; Tertiary-; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy Stratigraphy Belgium
Palaeogene 8 )-4264015360/Abels et al. (2006).pdf? 0 Cocks, L. R. M.
McKerrow, W. S.
van Staal, C. R. 1997 The margins of Avalonia 627-636 Geological Magazine 134 5 Alpine-Orogeny; Arthropoda-; Atlantic-Ocean; Avalonia-; boundary-conditions; Canada-; Caradocian-; continental-margin; Eastern-Canada; Gondwana-; Iapetus-; Invertebrata-; Maritime-Provinces; Meguma-Terrane; Newfoundland-; North-Atlantic; Northeast-Atlantic; Nova-Scotia; Ordovician-; orogeny-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; reconstruction-; Rheic-Ocean; rifting-; structural-geology; suture-zones; tectonics-; terranes-; Trilobita-; Trilobitomorpha-; Upper-Ordovician; Solid-earth-geophysics; Stratigraphy Palaeogeography Western Europe
Palaeozoic 8 v8 /-3320827905/Cocks et al (1997).pdf ?: Gluyas, Jon
Leonard, A. 1995L Diagenesis of the Rotliegend Sandstone: the answer ain't blowin' in the wind 491-497 Marine and Petroleum Geology 12 7-8 Amethyst-Field; anhydrite-; Atlantic-Ocean; barite-; burial-; cementation-; clastic-rocks; diagenesis-; grain-size; isotope-ratios; isotopes-; migration-of-elements; natural-gas; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; O-18-O-16; oil-and-gas-fields; oxygen-; Paleozoic-; permeability-; Permian-; petroleum-; porosity-; production-; reservoir-rocks; Rotliegendes-; S-34-S-32; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; stable-isotopes; sulfates-; sulfur-; thermal-history; Upper-Permian; Zechstein-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry North Sea
Rotliegend L ?> 0 Hakstege, A. L.
Kroonenberg, S. B.
van Wijck, H. 1993_ Geochemistry of Holocene clays of the Rhine and Meuse rivers in the central-eastern Netherlands 301-315 Geologie en Mijnbouw 71 4N alluvium-; Cenozoic-; chemical-composition; clastic-sediments; clay-; east-central-Netherlands; Europe-; heavy-metals; Holocene-; Meuse-River; multivariate-analysis; Netherlands-; pollution-; Quaternary-; Rhine-River; sediments-; statistical-analysis; Western-Europe; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry Netherlands
Quaternary< ?? F Hofmann, Peter
Duckensell, Martina
Chpitsglous, Arkadi
Schwark, Lorenz 2005 Geochemical and organic petrological characterization of the organic matter of lacustrine Eocene oil shales (Prinz von Hessen, Germany); reconstruction of the depositional environment 155-168 Journal of Paleolimnology 33 2 C-13-C-12; carbon-; Cenozoic-; Central-Europe; cores-; depositional-environment; Eocene-; Europe-; facies-; geochemistry-; Germany-; Hesse-Germany; isotope-ratios; isotopes-; lacustrine-environment; Lake-Prinz-von-Hessen; lake-level-changes; lithostratigraphy-; Messel-Germany; oil-shale; organic-compounds; paleoenvironment-; Paleogene-; paleolakes-; sedimentary-rocks; stable-isotopes; Tertiary-; total-organic-carbon; Stratigraphy; Isotope-geochemistry Organic geochemistry Germany
Palaeogene
?@ r \ Hladil, Jindrich
Bosak, Pavel
Slavik, Ladislav
Carew James, L.
Mylroie John, E.
Gersl, Milan 2003 Early diagenetic origin and persistence of gamma-ray and magnetosusceptibility patterns in platform carbonates; comparison of Devonian and Quaternary sections 719-727" Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 28 16-19 Bahamas-; carbonate-platforms; carbonate-rocks; carbonate-sediments; Caribbean-region; Cenozoic-; Central-Europe; Czech-Republic; Devonian-; diagenesis-; early-diagenesis; Europe-; gamma-ray-spectra; geophysical-methods; magnetic-methods; magnetic-properties; magnetic-susceptibility; magnetostratigraphy-; Moravia-; paleomagnetism-; Paleozoic-; Quaternary-; San-Salvador; sedimentary-rocks; sediments-; spectra-; West-Indies; Stratigraphy; Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry Gamma-ray logs from boreholes in the Middle-Upper Devonian carbonate platform of Moravia display tripartite anomalies at locations, where lithological and biostratigraphic data suggest the occurrence of 4th order sedimentary cycle boundaries. Further, where sedimentary boundaries have been changed by later development of caves (usually phreatic caves changed to unroofed caves--erosion), the carbonate infillings in these corroded cycle boundaries are marked by another pattern that consists of a smooth symmetrical peak on gamma-ray activity in vertical section. The details procured using gamma-ray spectrometric and magnetosusceptibility methods suggest that the upper peak of the tripartite pattern corresponds solely to uranium concentration (flooding surface). The middle peak is marked by a thorium signal and a magnetosusceptibility response from paramagnetic minerals (paleosols). The lower peak corresponds to trapped uranium and microbial magnetite in cemented rock pores (originally dysoxic microenvironments in calcite). The boundaries marked with filled caves display only one broad and symmetrical uranium-related peak, and the thorium peak that is roughly similar to that seen at normal boundaries, but it is shifted slightly downward. At boundaries with caves the magnetosusceptibility peaks are shifted downward considerably, and may even occur within the underlying host rock. The question of whether these patterns are a primary imprint of early diagenetic influences or a much later redistribution that originated during pressure solution and cementation, was answered by study of Late Quaternary sections on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. This pragmatic test on young carbonate sediments confirmed the early origin and fixation of these geophysical patterns. Europe Devonian; Quaternary ?B
! Ishikawa, Tsuyoshi
Nakamura, Eizo 1993- Boron isotope systematics of marine sediments - - - - ISEI B-11-B-10; boron-; Equatorial-Pacific; geochemistry-; isotopes-; marine-environment; marine-sediments; North-Pacific; Pacific-Ocean; pelagic-environment; provenance-; sediments-; stable-isotopes; terrigenous-materials; Isotope-geochemistry; Oceanography Geochemistry - Generic Generic ?D 0 Kampschulte, Anke
Bruckschen, P.
Strauss, Harald 2001 The sulphur isotopic composition of trace sulphates in Carboniferous brachiopods; implications for coeval seawater, correlation with other geochemical cycles and isotope stratigraphy 149-173 Chemical Geology 175 1-2Q Belgium-; biochemistry-; Brachiopoda-; C-13-C-12; carbon-; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; chemostratigraphy-; Commonwealth-of-Independent-States; correlation-; diagenesis-; Donets-Basin; Europe-; geochemical-cycle; geochemical-indicators; geochemistry-; Germany-; IGCP-; Invertebrata-; isotope-ratios; isotopes-; marine-environment; Moscow-Basin; nutrients-; paleo-oceanography; paleoclimatology-; paleoenvironment-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; Russian-Federation; S-34-S-32; shells-; stable-isotopes; sulfur-; tectonics-; Ukraine-; Urals-; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy; Isotope-geochemistry Geochemistrym The Carboniferous delta (super 34) S record, based on the analysis of structurally substituted sulphate (SSS) in brachiopod shells, is characterized by a significant decline from values around +21+ or -1 per mil in the Tournaisian to +12+ or -1 per mil in the Gzelian. Superimposed on this broad evolution is a higher order structure with a relative minimum in the late Visean followed by a maximum in the Bashkirian. On the 10 (super 7) -year time scale, delta (super 34) S is positively correlated with delta (super 13) C (sub Carb) , in contrast to the long-term negative linkage between sulphur and carbon observed for the entire Phanerozoic. This indicates that mechanisms other than the redox balance control the carbon and sulphur cycles on this time scale. The (super 87) Sr/ (super 86) Sr and delta (super 34) S records display parallel trends during the Tournaisian to Moscovian. This positive correlation suggests that tectonics may be of importance for the evolution of delta (super 34) S on time scales of 10 (super 7) years. A possible scenario to explain the co-evolution of the isotope systems and their linkage to tectonism and palaeoclimate invokes an increased nutrient supply to the oceans during periods of enhanced uplift and continental weathering. This nutrient flux may have resulted in increased burial of organic matter and enhanced bacterial sulphate reduction. Generic
Carboniferous D
l` 8 (2001)-2279358516/Kampschulte et al. (2001).pdf _?E $ Kuehn, V.
Heydemann, A.
Usdowski, E. 2001s Mineralogy of the upper Albian sediments from the Kirchrode I borehole with special emphasis on the clay mineralogy 145-1591 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 174 1-3 Albian-; ALBICORE-; Boreal-Realm; Central-Europe; clastic-rocks; clay-mineralogy; clay-minerals; claystone-; cores-; Cretaceous-; Europe-; experimental-studies; Germany-; Hanover-Germany; infrared-spectra; Kirchrode-Germany; Lower-Cretaceous; Lower-Saxony-Germany; marine-environment; marl-; Mesozoic-; mineral-composition; montmorillonite-; Northwestern-German-Plain; sedimentary-rocks; sheet-silicates; shelf-environment; silicates-; spectra-; upper-Albian; X-ray-diffraction-data; Stratigraphy; Sedimentary-petrology
Mineralogy5 The mineralogy of a 245m thick section of upper Albian marly clay stones to clayey marlstones from the Kirchrode I borehole (Lower Saxony Basin of NW Germany) has been studied by X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectrometry, chemical analysis and microscopy. The investigations were carried out on bulk samples and grain-size fractions. The mineralogy of the sediments is characterized by biogenous carbonates, mainly calcite, by terrigenous-detrital components and diagenetic minerals, often enriched in concretions. The calcite content fluctuates considerably (between 20 and 50%), most probably because of changes in the marine palaeoenvironment. Illite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite are the predominant clay minerals, but in changing portions. Chlorite and alkali feldspars were detected only in traces. Mixed-layer minerals such as illite/smectites (I/S) are also present, in higher amounts in the lower part and less in the upper part of the core. Reworked Upper Carboniferous mudstones and siltstones are interpreted to have delivered part of the well crystallized illite, kaolinite, chlorite and quartz. Montmorillonites and mixed-layer minerals together with kaolinite and illite may be inherited from weakly consolidated Jurassic sediments, Aptian and Albian claystones and marlstones, and from palaeosols. The increase in the proportion of montmorillonite among the clay minerals in the upper part of the upper Albian may be due to redistribution of volcanic sediments after either terrestrial or submarine alteration of volcanic ash. Volcanic activity is known in this area (e.g. the middle to upper Albian Flammenmergel at the southern margin of the Lower Saxony Basin) and around the North Atlantic throughout Aptian-Albian time. But in the Kirchrode I core, ash fall was identified as a source for montmorillonite in only one layer, namely at 87.25m, where high Zr and Nb concentrations were also found. The mineralogical composition of the concretionary material is generally a mixture of biogenous calcite, siliciclastic debris (quartz and clay minerals), and microcrystalline, diagenetically formed Fe-Mn carbonates (rhodochrosite, siderite) and carbonate-fluorapatite (francolite). Rhodochrosite is more abundant in the lower part, Mn-siderite in the upper part of the core. Concretions with fluorapatite (francolite) occur sporadically. Germany
Cretaceous ? Bless, M.J.M.
Bouckaert, J.
Bouzet, P.
Conil, R.
Cornet, P.
Fairon-Demaret, M.
Groessens, E.
Longerstaey, P.
Meesen, J.P.M.T.
Paproth, E.
Pirlet, H.
Streel, M.
Amerom, H.W.J.
Wolf, M. 1976 Dinantian rocks in the subsurface north of the Brabant and Ardenno-Rhenish massifs in Belgium, the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany 81-1953 Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie 27 Carbonate sedimentology Netherlands; Belgium; Germany
Carboniferous?J + Maynard, J. R.
Wignall, P. B.
Varker, W. J. 1991I A "hot" new shale facies from the Upper Carboniferous of northern England 805-808" Journal of the Geological Society 148 Part 5 Ammonoidea-; Carboniferous-; Cephalopoda-; clastic-rocks; depositional-environment; England-; Europe-; Goniatites-; Goniatitida-; Goniatitidae-; Great-Britain; Invertebrata-; marine-environment; Mollusca-; northern-England; Paleozoic-; Pennine-Basin; petroleum-; potential-deposits; radioactivity-; sedimentary-rocks; sequence-stratigraphy; shale-; source-rocks; Tetrabranchiata-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Sedimentary-petrology Clastic sedimentology UK
Carboniferous 0?L Meyers, Philip, A. 2006l Paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic similarities between Mediterranean sapropels and Cretaceous black shales 305-3201 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 235 1-3 black-shale; carbon-; Cenozoic-; clastic-rocks; Cretaceous-; depositional-environment; geochemistry-; isotope-ratios; isotopes-; marine-sediments; Mediterranean-Sea; Mesozoic-; Middle-Cretaceous; N-15-N-14; Neogene-; nitrogen-; organic-carbon; organic-compounds; paleo-oceanography; paleoclimatology-; paleoecology-; Pliocene-; productivity-; Quaternary-; sapropel-; sedimentary-rocks; sediments-; stable-isotopes; Tertiary-; Stratigraphy; Sedimentary-petrology GeochemistryZ Pliocene-Quaternary sapropels of the Mediterranean Sea and Mid-Cretaceous black shales share many distinctive properties. Organic carbon concentrations that often exceed 5% in both types of sequences record episodes of exceptional accumulation of organic matter. Although both are rich in marine organic matter, they have high C/N ratios that mimic those of land-plant organic matter, which suggests less-efficient organic matter recycling than in the modern ocean. The coupled presence of isorenieratene derivatives and low delta (super 15) N values that result from microbial primary productivity indicates that photic zone anoxia existed during their formation and implies strong stratification of the surface ocean. Enrichments of redox-sensitive metals and sediment laminations indicate that anoxia existed deeper in the water column and at the seafloor. Multiple proxies indicate freshening of surface waters of the Mediterranean and imply periods of wetter climate during times of sapropel deposition. Episodes of black shale deposition similarly coincide with times of wetter climate. These comparisons suggest that the wetter climate created similar conditions of surface salinity stratification that enhanced microbial primary production and magnified organic matter export during deposition of both the Mediterranean sapropels and Mid-Cretaceous black shales. Generic Generic , 38
uL124160/Meyers (2006).pdf?M - Middelburg, Jack J.
Calvert, S. E.
Karlin, R. 1991O Organic-rich transitional facies in silled basins; response to sea-level change 679-682 Geology 19 7 Asia-; Black-Sea; brackish-water-environment; C-13-C-12; carbon-; Cenozoic-; changes-of-level; chemostratigraphy-; cyclic-processes; East-Mediterranean; environmental-analysis; Far-East; fresh-water-environment; geochemistry-; Indonesia-; isotopes-; Kau-Bay; lithofacies-; marine-environment; marine-sediments; Mediterranean-Sea; nearshore-sedimentation; organic-carbon; organic-compounds; organic-materials; Pacific-Ocean; paleo-oceanography; Quaternary-; S-34-S-32; sedimentation-; sediments-; shelf-environment; stable-isotopes; stratigraphy-; sulfur-; trace-elements; upper-Quaternary; West-Pacific; Quaternary-geology; Oceanography; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry Generic Cenozoic=?O 5 Nakamura, E.
Ishikawa, T.
Birck, J.- L.
Allegre, C. J 1992V Precise boron isotopic analysis of natural rock samples using a boron-mannitol complex 193-204 Chemical Geology 94 3N B-11-B-10; basalts-; boron-; chemical-analysis; chromatography-; hydrochloric-acid; hydrofluoric-acid; igneous-rocks; inorganic-acids; isotopes-; mannitol-; mass-spectroscopy; natural-materials; reagents-; sample-preparation; sea-water; silicate-rocks; spectroscopy-; stable-isotopes; techniques-; volcanic-rocks; General-geochemistry Geochemistry Generic Generic @
.h1992)-1843818036/Nakamura et al. (1992).pdf ?P U Nijenhuis, I. A.
Bosch, H. J.
Sinninghe Damste, J. S.
Brumsack, H. J.
de Lange, G. J. 1999Z Organic matter and trace element rich sapropels and black shales; a geochemical comparison 277-290# Earth and Planetary Science Letters 169 3-4 anaerobic-environment; black-shale; carbon-; Cenozoic-; clastic-rocks; cores-; detection-limit; East-Mediterranean; experimental-studies; geochemistry-; Leg-160; marine-environment; marine-sediments; Mediterranean-Sea; Neogene-; Ocean-Drilling-Program; ODP-Site-964; ODP-Site-966; ODP-Site-967; ODP-Site-969; organic-carbon; organic-compounds; paleo-oceanography; paleoecology-; Pliocene-; productivity-; sapropel-; sedimentary-rocks; sediments-; Tertiary-; trace-elements; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Oceanography Geochemistry A distinct Pliocene eastern Mediterranean sapropel (i-282), recovered from three Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 160 Sites, has been investigated for its organic and inorganic composition. This sapropel is characterized by high organic carbon (C (sub org) ) and trace element contents, and the presence of isorenieratene derivatives. The latter suggests that the base of the photic zone was sulphidic during formation of the sapropel. Combined with evidence of bottom water anoxia (preservation of laminae, high redox-sensitive trace element contents, and the abundance and isotopic composition of pyrite) this leads to the tentative conclusion that almost the entire water column may have been anoxic. This anoxia resulted from high productivity and not from stagnation, because an approximation of the trace element budget during sapropel formation shows that water exchange with the western Mediterranean is needed. Entire water column anoxia has been suggested earlier for several black shales. With regard to the depositional environment and the C (sub org) content, however, only the Cenomanian/Turonian Boundary Event (CTBE) black shales appear to be comparable to this sapropel. The proposed trace element removal mechanism of scavenging and (co-)precipitation in an anoxic water column, is thought to be similar for both types of deposits. The ultimate trace element source for the sapropel, however, is seawater, whereas it is hydrothermal and fluvial input for CTBE black shales (because they have a larger temporal and spatial distribution). Nonetheless, the C (sub org) -rich eastern Mediterranean Pliocene sapropel discussed here may be considered to be a younger analogue of CTBE black shales. Generic Cenozoic @
v P1999)-1382017536/Nijenhuis et al. (1999).pdf G
?Q 4 Pearce, T. J.
Besly, B. M.
Wray, D. S.
Wright, D. K. 1999 Chemostratigraphy; a method to improve interwell correlation in barren sequences; a case study using onshore Duckmantian-Stephanian sequences (West Midlands, U.K.) 197-220 Sedimentary Geology 124 1-4 Birmingham-England; Carboniferous-; case-studies; chemostratigraphy-; clastic-rocks; claystone-; correlation-; Duckmantian-; England-; Europe-; geochemistry-; Great-Britain; lithogeochemistry-; Midlands-; onshore-; Paleozoic-; provenance-; sedimentary-rocks; Stephanian-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry{ Chemostratigraphy has been applied to onshore Duckmantian/Stephanian successions encountered in outcrop and penetrated by two boreholes from the West Midlands (U.K.). These successions represent the onshore equivalents of the "Barren Red Measures" which are important hydrocarbon-bearing sequences in the Southern North Sea. Much is known about the onshore successions in terms of sedimentology, mineralogy and provenance and thus they provide the ideal test for the validity of chemostratigraphy as a stratigraphic tool. Reliable inorganic geochemical data have been acquired from geochemical analyses of core, sidewall core and cuttings samples, with 19 elements being determined. Stratigraphic variations in elemental concentrations are compared with known variations in the mineralogical data. The established lithostratigraphic units of the Duckmantian/Stephanian intervals can also be recognized from the geochemical data and by using these data can be subdivided further. This results in an independent chemostratigraphic correlation being established for the two boreholes, which has been assessed statistically by discriminant function analysis. From the geochemical and mineralogical data, distinct changes in provenance are identified within the Upper Carboniferous successions. The sediments of the Coal Measures were derived from a north westerly and westerly source (?Caledonian), whereas the Etruria Formation sediments came from the Wales Brabant Massif, the sediments having mixed Caledonian and Cadomian characteristics. Eventually these sediments were replaced by sediments from a southern Hercynian source (Halesowen and Salop Formations). UK
Carboniferous < o t999)-2153601542/Pearce et al. (1999).pdf?R Perry, Edward A., Jr. 1972@ Diagenesis and the validity of the boron paleosalinity technique 150-160 American Journal of Science 272 2 boron-; clay-mineralogy; clay-minerals; diagenesis-; experimental-studies; geochemistry-; interpretation-; methods-; minerals-; paleosalinity-; sediments-; sheet-silicates; silicates-; Geochemistry
Diagenesis Generic Generic , :` *206581/Edward (1972).pdf ?S Raiswell, Robert
Berner, R. A. 1987R Organic carbon losses during burial and thermal maturation of normal marine shales 853-856 Geology 15 9 alteration-; basins-; burial-diagenesis; carbon-; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; diagenesis-; effects-; energy-sources; geochemistry-; Jurassic-; marine-environment; Mesozoic-; organic-carbon; organic-compounds; organic-materials; Paleozoic-; ratios-; sedimentary-basins; sedimentary-rocks; shale-; sulfur-; thermal-alteration; thermal-maturity; Sedimentary-petrology; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Organic geochemistry Generic Generic R?V Schwark, L.
Empt, P. 2006T Sterane biomarkers as indicators of Palaeozoic algal evolution and extinction events 225-2361 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240 1-2 acritarchs-; algae-; Anticosti-Island; Appalachian-Basin; biodiversity-; biologic-evolution; biomarkers-; Canada-; Central-Europe; Chlorophyceae-; Chlorophyta-; Dasycladaceae-; Eastern-Canada; Europe-; experimental-studies; geochemistry-; Hangenberg-event; hydrocarbons-; mass-extinctions; microfossils-; North-America; organic-compounds; paleoclimatology-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; palynomorphs-; Panthalassa-; Permian-; Plantae-; Poland-; Prasinophyta-; Quebec-; Rotliegendes-; steranes-; steroids-; Swiety-Krzyz-Mountains; Upper-Permian; Western-Canada-Sedimentary-Basin; Zechstein-; Stratigraphy; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Organic geochemistry Algae are among the oldest organisms known to inhabit the Earth's biosphere with a record dating back some 2.7 Ga. Only few marine algae produce hard parts that can be preserved over geologic time and consequently their fossil record is incomplete. Molecular fossils or biomarkers add complementary information to the fossil palynomorph record. Steroids are important constituents of eukaryotic cell-membranes and are preserved in sediments as steranes. C (sub 28) - and C (sub 29) -steranes are indicators for the presence of green and C (sub 27) -steranes for the presence of red algae, respectively. The relative abundance of steranes allows the investigation of the fossil record for Palaeozoic algal diversification and evolution. In this study, 500 Palaeozoic rock samples, representing a broad facies variety from the Upper Ordovician to the P/T-boundary were investigated for sterane compositions. In addition three profiles covering the Hirnantian, the F/F and the Hangenberg-Event were analyzed for possible shifts in the sterane distribution associated with extinction events. A sharp increase of the C (sub 28) /C (sub 29) -sterane ratio from <0.55 to >0.70 at the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary implies a fundamental change in the green algae assemblage from more primitive, mainly C (sub 29) -sterane-producing algae, to modern C (sub 28) -sterane-producing algae. For all investigated extinction events a pronounced but short-lived rise in the C (sub 28) -sterane content occurs that is attributed to an episodic increase in prasinophytes. The gradual radiation of algae may have been triggered by frequent mass extinctions in the Upper Devonian culminating with the massive decline of acritarchs at the D/C-boundary. The coeval rise in the C (sub 28) /C (sub 29) -sterane ratio indicates the presence of an non-encysting algal group and coincides with the global augmentation of numerous filamentous Codiacea (Siphonales) and the rise of euspondyle and metaspondyle Dasycladales. Generic
Palaeozoic @ 4
@2006)-4040118278/Schwark & Empt (2006).pdf ?W % Shaw, T.J.
Gieskes, J.M.
Jahnke, R.A. 1990h Early diagenesis in differing depositional environments; the response of transition metals in pore water 1233-1246 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54 5 California-; chromium-; cobalt-; continental-borderland; copper-; diagenesis-; early-diagenesis; Eh-; geochemistry-; iron-; manganese-; marine-environment; metals-; migration-of-elements; mobility-; molybdenum-; nickel-; oxides-; pore-water; processes-; scavenging-; sediments-; Southern-California; United-States; vanadium-; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Sedimentary-petrology
Diagenesis Generic Generic 8 @-0833550854/Shaw et al. (1990).pdf
?X + Spears, D. A.
Rippon, J. H.
Cavender, P. F. 1999h Geological controls on the sulphur distribution in British Carboniferous coals; a review and reappraisal 59-81% International Journal of Coal Geology 40 1 Carboniferous-; case-studies; coal-; coal-seams; England-; Europe-; geochemistry-; grade-; Great-Britain; impurities-; Main-Bright-Seam; North-Derbyshire-coal-field; Nottinghamshire-coal-field; Nottinghamshire-England; Paleozoic-; Parkgate-Seam; peat-; rank-; sedimentary-rocks; sediments-; Silesian-; sulfur-; Threequarters-Seam; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Yorkshire-coal-field; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry The very extensive literature on sulphur in peats and coals is reviewed and four case histories from British coalfields are considered. In the Parkgate seam (Langsettian) from the Nottinghamshire coalfield, the variation in the total sulphur content is attributed to pyritic sulphur, with organic sulphur also significant but showing a smaller variation. Sulphate sulphur is negligible. There is a spatial variation in the sulphur concentrations in individual sections (plies) of the Parkgate seam, but this is unrelated to other sections of the seam and to identifiable post-depositional controls, thereby providing indirect evidence of a depositional control on sulphur incorporation. In the Main Bright (Duckmantian, North Derbyshire coalfield) and Threequarters seams (Langsettian, North Derbyshire-Nottinghamshire coalfields), the depositional control is shown to be related to contemporaneous channels. There is a hierarchy of channels and it is concluded that these provided access of more saline waters into the peat mire. Coals associated with marine bands often show high sulphur contents, but there are exceptions, particularly in the Scottish Namurian as exemplified by the Upper Hirst seam where it is thought that there was no contemporary ingress of saline waters. Three Westphalian depositional provinces are recognised on the basis of channel sandstone loci and there is the possibility that different source areas influenced the salinity/sulphate content in the mires. There is some evidence of regional differences in the sulphur content of British coals, which is consistent with the distribution of the three provinces. On the other hand, there is irrefutable evidence that access of seawater leads to high sulphur coals and possibly the marine influence was more pervasive than is generally recognised. There is supporting geochemical evidence of enrichment of trace elements in coals which is indicative of a seawater source. UK
Carboniferous < I$ w999)-1605754112/Spears et al (1999).pdf ?Y Spears, D. A.
Amin, M. A. 1981p Geochemistry and mineralogy of marine and non-marine Namurian black shales from the Tansley Borehole, Derbyshire 407-417
Sedimentology 28 3 black-shale; borehole-sections; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; Derbyshire-England; discriminant-analysis; England-; Europe-; geochemistry-; Great-Britain; major-elements; marine-environment; Namurian-; Paleozoic-; Pennines-; sedimentary-petrology; sedimentary-rocks; statistical-analysis; terrestrial-environment; trace-elements; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Sedimentary-petrology; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry UK
Carboniferous!?Z Spears, D. A.
Sezgin, H. I. 1985{ Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Subcrenatum Marine Band and associated coal-bearing sediments, Langsett, South Yorkshire 570-578 Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 55 4 areal-studies; Carboniferous-; clay-mineralogy; coal-; diagenesis-; England-; Europe-; geochemistry-; Great-Britain; iron-rich-composition; Namurian-; organic-compounds; organic-materials; organic-residues; Paleozoic-; pyrite-; sedimentary-rocks; Sheffield-England; southern-Yorkshire; stratigraphic-boundary; stratotypes-; Subcrenatum-Marine-Band; sulfides-; underclay-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; X-ray-data; Yorkshire-England; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Sedimentary-petrology
Mineralogy UK
Carboniferous
?\ * Spivack, A. J.
Palmer, M. R.
Edmond, J. M. 1987+ The sedimentary cycle of the boron isotopes 1939-1949 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51 7M adsorption-; authigenesis-; B-11-B-10; boron-; burial-metamorphism; clastic-rocks; diagenesis-; fractionation-; geochemistry-; hydrothermal-alteration; isotopes-; marine-sediments; metamorphism-; metasomatism-; sea-water; sedimentary-rocks; sediments-; shale-; stable-isotopes; Isotope-geochemistry; Igneous-and-metamorphic-petrology Geochemistry Generic Generic @ > (1987)-0600869688/Spivack et al. (1987).pdf ?_ R Vengosh, Avner
Starinsky, Abraham
Kolodny, Yehoshua
Chivas Allan, R.
Raab, Menahem 1992w Boron isotope variations during fractional evaporation of sea water; new constraints on the marine vs. nonmarine debate 799-802 Geology 20 9 alkali-metals; B-11-B-10; boron-; brines-; bromine-; chemical-fractionation; chemically-precipitated-rocks; depositional-environment; evaporation-; evaporites-; experimental-studies; fractionation-; geochemical-indicators; geochemistry-; halogens-; isotopes-; lithium-; marine-environment; metals-; paleo-oceanography; processes-; sea-water; sedimentary-rocks; stable-isotopes; terrestrial-environment; Isotope-geochemistry; Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry Generic Generic ?b # Fischer, K.D.
Jahr, T.
Jentzsch, G. 2004l Evolution of the Variscan foreland-basin; modelling the interactions between tectonics and surface processes 665-671" Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 29 10 basins-; Belgium-; Brabant-Massif; Central-Europe; deformation-; elastoplastic-materials; Europe-; foreland-basins; numerical-models; rheology-; tectonics-; tectonophysics-; Variscides-; viscosity-; Western-Europe; Structural-geology Structural Geology The geology of Western and Central Europe is significantly influenced by the Variscan orogen that developed during Devonian and Carboniferous time. Numerical models are essential in understanding and quantifying the involved endogenous and exogenous processes and their interactions. These are mainly based on the large-scale mass redistribution caused by erosion and fluvial sedimentary transport. The sedimentary mass flux leads to changing loads on the lithosphere and affects therefore the evolution of the orogen and the foreland-basin. The complex feedback-mechanism of the surface and tectonic processes is studied by three-dimensional elastic-plastic numerical models. The calculated uplift rates are used to model the interaction between tectonic and surface processes such as erosion and sedimentation. An iterative application of the numerical models for the tectonic and surface processes yields a detailed view of the evolution of the foreland-basin. The tectonic model itself (excluding surface processes) already shows some of the palinspastically reconstructed important features of the lower Carboniferous like the London-Brabant Massif, and the northward propagation of the Variscan deformation front. The results obtained from the coupled analysis can be compared to studies of the sedimentary record (i.e. time, thickness, and sedimentation rates) and other geological concepts (i.e. stability of geological provinces). The results demonstrate that both processes are essential in understanding the complex structural evolution of the Variscides and their foreland. The numerical approach on the tectonic-surface process interaction can also be applied easily to other geological settings. Europe
Palaeozoic ?c Mackey, S.D.
Bridge, J.S. 1995I Three-dimensional model of alluvial stratigraphy; theory and applications 7-31 Journal of Sedimentary Research 65 1 aggradation-; alluvial-fans; applications-; Asia-; case-studies; Cenozoic-; channels-; China-; clastic-rocks; Europe-; Far-East; fluvial-environment; Holocene-; Huang-He; Indian-Peninsula; Italy-; Kosi-Basin; lithostratigraphy-; planar-bedding-structures; Po-River; Quaternary-; sand-bodies; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentary-structures; sequence-stratigraphy; Southern-Europe; theoretical-studies; three-dimensional-models; Quaternary-geology Clastic sedimentology Generic Generic )?d
Felder, W. M. 19819 Geschiedenis van de geologische kartering in Zuid-Limburg 65-81 Grondboor & Hamer 3 areal-geology; cartography-; Europe-; history-; Limburg-Netherlands; maps-; Netherlands-; South-Limburg; Western-Europe; Geologic-maps History Netherlands Generic?f ' Van de Laar, J. G. M.
Fermont, W. J. J. 1990S Westphalian palynology of The Netherlands based on six continuously cored boreholes 275-285% Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 65 1-4 biostratigraphy-; biozones-; Carboniferous-; correlation-; Europe-; microfossils-; Netherlands-; paleoecology-; Paleozoic-; paludal-environment; palynomorphs-; stratigraphy-; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Stratigraphy
Palaeontology Netherlands
Carboniferous ?g 0 Laveine, J.Pierre
Zhang, Shanzhen
Lemoigne, Yves 2002d Paleobotany and paleogeography, an example from the Upper Carboniferous; some methodological aspects 360-3703 Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 19P Asia-; assemblages-; biogeography-; Carboniferous-; communities-; eastern-Asia; Eurasian-Plate; Indian-Plate; microcontinents-; paleoecology-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; Plantae-; plate-collision; plate-tectonics; quantitative-analysis; Southeast-Asia; statistical-analysis; three-dimensional-models; Upper-Carboniferous; Stratigraphy
Palaeontology` Fossil-plant taxa can be used for paleogeographic purposes if several methodological requirements are met. Their paleogeographic significance can be estimated only from a case-by-case analysis of their global distribution, from which their respective means of dispersal can be derived. The obligation of proceeding through case-by-case analyses implies the fundamental prerequisite of a sound systematic approach to the fossil taxa under consideration. The diverse information and conclusions published in the last decade on the distribution of upper Paleozoic floras in East Asia and Southeast Asia provide significant examples illustrating the necessity of a clear methodological and systematical approach. The critical analysis of these results furnish clues for further field investigations. This will improve our understanding of Carboniferous paleogeography. Generic
Carboniferous9?h \ McKerrow, W. Stuart
Mac Niocaill, C.
Ahlberg, P. E.
Clayton, G.
Cleal, C. J.
Eagar, R. M. C. 2000< The late Palaeozoic relations between Gondwana and Laurussia 9-20E Orogenic Processes: Quantification and Modelling in the Variscan Belt 179) Franke, W.
Haak, V.
Oncken, O.
Tanner, D. London' Geological Society Special Publications4 Baltica-; biogeography-; continental-drift; Europe-; facies-; Gondwana-; Iapetus-; Laurentia-; Laurussia-; Mediterranean-Sea; paleoecology-; paleoenvironment-; paleogeography-; paleomagnetism-; Paleozoic-; plate-tectonics; reconstruction-; suture-zones; Tornquist-Sea; upper-Paleozoic; Solid-earth-geophysics
Palaeontologyk Reconstructions based on biogeography, palaeomagnetism and facies distributions indicate that, in later Palaeozoic time, there were no wide oceans separating the major continents. During the Silurian and Early Devonian time, many oceans became narrower so that only the less mobile animals and plants remained distinct. There were several continental collisions: the Tornquist Sea (between Baltica and Avalonia) closed in Late Ordovician time, the Iapetus Ocean (between Laurentia and the newly merged continents of Baltica and Avalonia) closed in Silurian time, and the Rheic Ocean (between Avalonia and Gondwana and the separate parts of the Armorican Terrane Assemblage) closed (at least partially) towards the end of Early Devonian time. Each of these closures was reflected by migrations of non-marine plants and animals as well as by contemporary deformation. New maps, based on palaeomagnetic and faunal data, indicate that Gondwana was close to Laurussia during the Devonian and Carboniferous periods, with fragments of Bohemia and other parts of the Armorican Terrane Assemblage interspersed between. It follows that, after Early Devonian time, the Variscan oceans of central Europe can never have been very wide. The tectonic evolution of Europe during Devonian and Carboniferous time was thus more comparable with the present-day Mediterranean Sea than with the Pacific Ocean. Western Europe
Palaeozoic?i j Riley, Nick J.
Claoue Long, Jon
Higgins, Alan C.
Owens, Bernard
Spears, Alan
Taylor, Linda
Varker, W. John 1994 Geochronometry and geochemistry of the European Mid-Carboniferous boundary global stratotype proposal, Stonehead Beck, North Yorkshire, UK 275-289/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 116 2z absolute-age; Ammonoidea-; Ar-Ar; bentonite-; biostratigraphy-; biozones-; calibration-; Carboniferous-; Cephalopoda-; clastic-rocks; clay-minerals; Conodonta-; dates-; England-; Europe-; first-occurrence; Great-Britain; Invertebrata-; marine-environment; microfossils-; Middle-Carboniferous; miospores-; Mollusca-; Namurian-; nesosilicates-; orthosilicates-; Paleozoic-; palynomorphs-; sedimentary-rocks; sheet-silicates; SHRIMP-data; silicates-; Stonehead-Beck; stratigraphic-boundary; stratotypes-; Tetrabranchiata-; U-Pb; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Yorkshire-England; zircon-; Stratigraphy; Geochronology Stratigraphy UK
Carboniferous ? Van Amerom, H.W.J. 1996O The biostratigraphy of borehole ‘De Lutte-6’ (East Twente, the Netherlands) 83-98% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 55
Palaeontology Netherlands
Carboniferous ? Van Amerom, H. W. J. 1996{ A new bryophyte species (Hepaticites tortuosus sp.) from the Westphalian D in borehole De Lutte-6, Twente, the Netherlands) 99-106% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 55
Palaeontology Netherlands
Carboniferous ?k ' Van de Laar, H. G. M.
Fermont, W. J. J. 1990p The impact of marine transgression on palynofacies; the Carboniferous Aegir marine band in borehole Kemperkoul-1 75-89% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 45 Aegir-; biofacies-; biostratigraphy-; Carboniferous-; cyclic-processes; Europe-; fluvial-sedimentation; Kemperkoul-; lacustrine-sedimentation; marine-sedimentation; microfossils-; Netherlands-; Paleozoic-; paludal-sedimentation; palynomorphs-; reworking-; sea-level-changes; sedimentation-; stratigraphy-; transgression-; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Stratigraphy
Palaeontology Netherlands
Carboniferous T ?l ! Van Wijhe, D. H.
Bless, M. J. M. 1974Q The Westphalian of the Netherlands with special reference to miospore assemblages 295-328 Geologie en Mijnbouw 53 6o assemblages-; biostratigraphy-; boreholes-; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; coal-; coalification-; Europe-; Limburg-Netherlands; lithostratigraphy-; microfossils-; miospores-; Netherlands-; organic-residues; paleoecology-; Paleozoic-; palynomorphs-; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; stratigraphy-; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; zoning-; Stratigraphy
Palaeontology Netherlands
Carboniferous ?> 0 Martinsen, O.J.
Collinson, J.D.
Holdsworth, B.K. 1995x Millstone Grit cyclicity revisited; II, Sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary responses to changes of relative sea-level 305-327X Sedimentary facies analysis; a tribute to the research and teaching of Harold G. Reading 22 Plint, A.G. OxfordI Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists Askrigg-Block; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; Craven-Basin; cyclic-processes; cyclothems-; England-; Europe-; Great-Britain; Lancashire-England; lithostratigraphy-; marine-environment; Millstone-Grit; Namurian-; northern-England; Paleozoic-; planar-bedding-structures; sandstone-; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentary-structures; sequence-stratigraphy; transgression-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Sedimentary-petrology; Stratigraphy Stratigraphy UK
Carboniferous
m?n 2 Morton, A. C.
Claoue Long, J. C.
Hallsworth, C. R. 2001\ Zircon age and heavy mineral constraints on provenance of North Sea Carboniferous sandstones 319-337 Marine and Petroleum Geology 18 3s absolute-age; Atlantic-Ocean; burial-; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; coal-; dates-; diagenesis-; Europe-; Firth-Formation; Great-Britain; heavy-minerals; Hercynian-Orogeny; ion-probe-data; mass-spectra; Moray-Firth; nesosilicates-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; orogeny-; orthosilicates-; Paleozoic-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; provenance-; reservoir-rocks; sandstone-; Scotland-; sedimentary-rocks; SHRIMP-data; silicates-; spectra-; Tayport-Formation; tectonics-; U-Pb; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Viking-Graben; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; zircon-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Geochronology
Mineralogy The understanding of sediment provenance and sediment transport routes is a key element in establishing reservoir presence in clastic petroleum systems. Determination of sediment provenance is particularly difficult in structurally complex areas and in sequences that have undergone extensive burial diagenesis. This paper describes a method that overcomes these problems, by combining quantitative heavy mineral analysis with detrital zircon age dating. Quantitative heavy mineral analysis identifies differences in sediment provenance within the sample set, and zircon age data provide diagnostic criteria for the identification of the various source terrains. The high degree of resolution shown by this approach is demonstrated using the North Sea Carboniferous as an example. The Carboniferous of the North Sea has suffered extensive diagenetic modification during its complex burial history, is difficult to image with seismic data, and in some areas, notably the central and northern North Sea, preservation is patchy. The understanding of Carboniferous sand provenance is therefore rudimentary. The Tayport and Firth Coal formations (latest Devonian to Early Carboniferous) of the Outer Moray Firth (central North Sea) were derived from a source area to the north of the British Isles, with sediment transported along the proto-Viking Graben. Some local input is recognised in the Firth Coal Formation. The Westoe Coal Formation (Westphalian B) in the southern North Sea was derived from the southeast, probably from the Saxo-Thuringian Zone of the central European Variscides. The Lower Ketch Member (Westphalian C) in the southern North Sea has a northern provenance, with abundant chrome spinel suggesting derivation from ophiolitic material on the Rinkobing-Fyn High. North Sea
Carboniferous0?p / Dusar, M.
Paproth, E.
Streel, M.
Bless, M.J. M. 2000 Palaeogeographic and palaeoenvironmental characteristics of major marine incursions in northwestern Europe during the Westphalian C (Bolsovian) 331-347 Geologica Belgica 3 3-4 alluvial-plains; biostratigraphy-; Bivalvia-; Bolsovian-; Brachiopoda-; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; Europe-; fluvial-features; Foraminifera-; Inarticulata-; Invertebrata-; Lingula-; lithostratigraphy-; microfossils-; miospores-; models-; Mollusca-; paleoecology-; paleoenvironment-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; palynomorphs-; Protista-; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-rocks; tonstein-; transgression-; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Stratigraphy Palaeogeography$ The Westphalian C was a time of marked tectonic and climatic changes within the Variscan Foreland, but our understanding of these changes is hampered by a poor appreciation of large-scale palaeogeography and palaeogeographic evolution within this key stratigraphic interval. The distribution of tonsteins, marine bands and faunal occurrences related to marine incursions or the proximity of marine conditions in Britain and on the European mainland during the Westphalian C (Bolsovian) is briefly summarised. The favoured environmental conditions of some selected fossil taxa (Lingula, arenaceous foraminifers, Geisina, conchostracan faunas and Torispora producing tree ferns) are highlighted. A palaeogeographic model shows the relationship between major sedimentary facies belts in the Westphalian C of western Europe and the influence of major marine incursions on the distribution pattern of incursion-related faunas. The frequent succession of transgressive-regressive faunal phases in beds with marine faunas and the close correlation between the distribution of these beds and the distribution of upper delta plain environments in the Westphalian C of northwestern Europe suggest that marine incursions were long-lived, related to glacio-eustatic events, and cannot be regarded as catastrophic "flash floods". Western Europe
Carboniferous 8 q
)()-2950437944/Dusar et al. (2000).pdf&?q " Haq, B.U.
Hardenbol, J.
Vail, P.R. 19877 Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic 1156-1167 Science 235 4793a algae-; Ammonoidea-; biostratigraphy-; Cenozoic-; Cephalopoda-; changes-of-level; chronostratigraphy-; Conodonta-; correlation-; Cretaceous-; cycles-; cyclic-processes; diatoms-; Dinoflagellata-; evolution-; Foraminifera-; geochronology-; global-; graphic-methods; Invertebrata-; Jurassic-; magnetostratigraphy-; marine-sedimentation; Mesozoic-; microfossils-; Mollusca-; nannofossils-; outcrops-; paleomagnetism-; palynomorphs-; Plantae-; Protista-; Quaternary-; Radiolaria-; sedimentation-; stratigraphy-; Tetrabranchiata-; thallophytes-; time-scales; Triassic-; Vail-curve; Stratigraphy; Quaternary-geology Stratigraphy Generic Mesozoic; Cenozoic 8
J P)-4219629824/Haq et al. (1987).pdf ?r Maynard, J. R.
Leeder, M. R. 1992X On the periodicity and magnitude of Late Carboniferous glacio-eustatic sea-level changes 303-311" Journal of the Geological Society 149 Part 3" Appalachians-; basins-; Carboniferous-; Cenozoic-; England-; Europe-; eustacy-; glaciation-; Great-Britain; isotope-ratios; isotopes-; lithofacies-; marine-environment; mechanism-; Midcontinent-; Milankovitch-theory; models-; North-America; O-18-O-16; oxygen-; paleobathymetry-; Paleozoic-; Pennine-Basin; periodicity-; Pleistocene-; Quaternary-; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-basins; sedimentation-; stable-isotopes; transgression-; United-Kingdom; United-States; Upper-Carboniferous; Walsh-power-spectral-analysis; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy Palaeogeography Generic
Carboniferous ?\
Steurbaut, E. 1998i High-resolution holostratigraphy of Middle Paleocene to Early Eocene strata in Belgium and adjacent areas 91-156 Palaeontographica 247 5-6 Stratigraphy Belgium
Palaeogene ?[ Ribbert, K.-H. 19985 Das Famenne im Untergrund der Niederrheinischen Bucht 91-1078 Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen 37 Clastic sedimentology Germany Devonian` ?t ! Ross, Charles A.
Ross, June R. P. 19882 Late Paleozoic transgressive-regressive deposition 227-247I Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 42k age-; biostratigraphy-; Carboniferous-; causes-; changes-of-level; controls-; correlation-; cycles-; deposition-; eustacy-; global-; marine-environment; Paleozoic-; patterns-; Permian-; regression-; sea-level-changes; sedimentation-; shallow-water-environment; shelf-environment; stratigraphy-; transgression-; unconformities-; Stratigraphy; Sedimentary-petrology Palaeogeography Generic
Carboniferous ?u Wright, V. P.
Vanstone, Simon D. 2001} Onset of late Palaeozoic glacio-eustasy and the evolving climates of low latitude areas: a synthesis of current understanding 579-582" Journal of the Geological Society 158 Part 4 Asbian-; carbonate-platforms; carbonate-rocks; Carboniferous-; climate-; cycles-; cyclic-processes; dates-; Dinantian-; Europe-; eustacy-; floral-studies; glacial-environment; glacial-geology; glaciation-; Gondwana-; ice-mass-fluctuations; ice-sheets; Lower-Permian; paleoclimatology-; paleoenvironment-; Paleozoic-; Permian-; seasonal-variations; sedimentary-rocks; sediments-; tree-rings; United-Kingdom; upper-Paleozoic; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy Palaeogeography Studies of depth sensitive carbonate successions in the UK indicate that regular, orbitally forced glacio-eustatic sea-level oscillations, which characterized the late Palaeozoic, started abruptly around 330 Ma (early Asbian). The Gondwanan ice sheet was highly sensitive to orbitally forced variations in solar insolation and the resultant sea-level oscillations had an approximate 100 ka periodicity. Studies of fossil soils and palaeokarst from low latitude settings suggest that pre-Asbian climates were relatively stable with infrequent changes. However, climatic changes became increasingly frequent in the Asbian and Brigantian, with regular fluctuations of a sub-100 ka periodicity occurring during glacial lowstand intervals. Generic
Palaeozoic5?v Dean, W.E.
Arthur, M.A. 1989A Iron-sulfur-carbon relationships in organic-carbon-rich sequences 708-743 American Journal of Science 289 6m anaerobic-environment; black-shale; Bridge-Creek-Limestone-Member; carbon-; carbonate-rocks; clastic-rocks; Cretaceous-; crystal-growth; depositional-environment; diagenesis-; geochemistry-; Greenhorn-Limestone; iron-; Lower-Cretaceous; marine-environment; Mesozoic-; metals-; Mowry-Shale; Niobrara-Formation; North-America; organic-carbon; organic-compounds; organic-materials; paleo-oceanography; phase-equilibria; pyrite-; sedimentary-rocks; stratigraphy-; sulfides-; sulfur-; Upper-Cretaceous; Western-Interior; Western-Interior-Seaway; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Stratigraphy; Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry Generic Generic < 6 89)-2642706176/Dean & Arthur (1989).pdf ?; " Holdsworth, B. K.
Collinson, J. D. 1988" Millstone Grit cyclicity revisited 132-152Y Sedimentation in a synorogenic basin complex; the Upper Carboniferous of Northwest Europe - Besly, B.M.
Kelling, G. Glasgow Blackien Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; cyclic-processes; England-; Europe-; Great-Britain; lithofacies-; Millstone-Grit; Namurian-; paleocurrents-; Paleozoic-; patterns-; regression-; salinity-; sandstone-; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; shale-; stratigraphy-; transgression-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Sedimentary-petrology Stratigraphy UK
Carboniferous
?< Izart, Alain
Stephenson, Randell
Vai Gian, Battista
Vachard, Daniel
Le Nindre, Yves
Vaslet, Denis
Fauvel Pierre, Jean
Suess, Peter
Kossovaya, Olga
Chen, Zhongquiang
Maslo, Alexander
Stovba, Serguei 2003 Sequence stratigraphy and correlation of Late Carboniferous and Permian in the CIS, Europe, Tethyan area, North Africa, Arabia, China, Gondwanaland and the USA.; Peri-Tethys programme 59-841 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 196 1-2 Africa-; Arabian-Peninsula; Asia-; basins-; Carboniferous-; China-; chronostratigraphy-; Commonwealth-of-Independent-States; correlation-; dates-; depositional-environment; Europe-; Far-East; glaciation-; Gondwana-; marine-environment; nomenclature-; North-Africa; paleoclimatology-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; Permian-; plate-tectonics; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; sequence-stratigraphy; stratigraphic-units; Tethys-; United-States; Upper-Carboniferous; Stratigraphy Stratigraphy Sequence stratigraphy was used to correlate the depositional chronology during Permo-Carboniferous time in various sedimentary basins of Gondwanaland, western Europe, eastern Europe, Tethyan area, North Africa, Arabia, China, and North America. During late Carboniferous and Permian, eleven second-order sequences (SOS) were recognised throughout the whole area. The sequence SI is Serpukhovian pp, Namurian A pp and Chesterian. The sequence SII is Serpukhovian pp-Bashkirian pp, Namurian A pp-B-C-Westphalian A-B pp and Morrowan. The sequence SIII is late Bashkirian-Moscovian, Westphalian B pp-C-D and Atokan-Desmoinesian. The sequence SIV is Kasimovian, early Stephanian and Missourian. The sequence SV is Gzhelian-Orenburgian, late Stephanian and Virgilian. The sequence SVI is Asselian, Autunian and Nealian. The sequences SVII-IX are Saxonian, Sakmarian-Artinskian-Kungurian and Leonardian-Hessian-Cathedralian. The sequences SX-XI are Guadalupian and Lopingian. Depending on the regional setting, different relationships exist between marine transgression and the respective effects of tectonics and of sea-level changes: in western Europe, effects of the glacial processes in Gondwanaland are partly balanced by the late compression in the Hercynian belt during Moscovian. Eastern Europe, Tethyan area, North Africa, China, and North America show a good correlation between glacial (ice melting) processes in Gondwanaland and the intensity of the transgression which is increased by the westward progradation of the orogeny in Urals and Appalachians. In Arabia, Tunisia and Tethyan area, the impact of the Neotethys opening is obvious from the Artinskian and mainly during the late Permian. Generic Carboniferous; Permian7?y Reijers, T. J. A. 1984F Devonian carbonate facies patterns in the Dinant Synclinorium, Belgium 19-29 Geologie en Mijnbouw 63 1n Belgium-; biofacies-; biogenic-structures; bioherms-; Caledonian-Orogeny; carbonate-rocks; clastic-rocks; Devonian-; Europe-; folds-; isopach-maps; lithofacies-; maps-; Middle-Devonian; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentary-structures; stratigraphy-; synclinoria-; transgression-; Upper-Devonian; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy Carbonate sedimentology Belgium Devonian
?z \ Wells, Martin R.
Allison, Peter A.
Hampson, Gary J.
Piggott, Matthew D.
Pain, Christopher C. 2005[ Modelling ancient tides; the Upper Carboniferous epi-continental seaway of Northwest Europe 715-735
Sedimentology 52 4 Atlantic-Ocean; black-shale; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; epicontinental-seas; Europe-; finite-element-analysis; Imperial-College-Ocean-Model; intertidal-sedimentation; marine-sedimentation; Mediterranean-Sea; models-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; Northwestern-Europe; numerical-models; Paleozoic-; planar-bedding-structures; rhythmite-; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentary-structures; sedimentation-; simulation-; statistical-analysis; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Sedimentary-petrology Clastic sedimentology Due to a lack of modern analogues, debate surrounds the importance of tides in ancient epi-continental seas. However, numerical modelling can provide a quantitative means of investigating palaeo-tidality without recourse to analogues. Finite element modelling of the European Upper Carboniferous epi-continental seaway predicts an exceedingly low Lunar tidal range (ca 5 cm in the open water regions of the UK and Southern North Sea). The Imperial College Ocean Model (ICOM) uses finite element methods and an unstructured tetrahedral mesh that is computationally very efficient. The accuracy and sensitivity of ICOM tidal range predictions were tested using bathymetric data from the present-day Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean Sea is micro-tidal and varies in depth up to 5.4 km with an average depth of 12 km. ICOM accurately predits the tidal range given both a realistic, but smoothed, bathymetry and a straight sided basin with a uniform depth of 1 km. Variation in uniform depth from 100 to 3000 m with and without islands consistently predicts micro-tidality, demonstrating that the model is robust and the effect of bathymetric uncertainty on model output is relatively small. The extremely low tidal range predicted for the European Upper Carboniferous is thus deemed robust. Putative Upper Carboniferous tidal deposits have been described in the UK and southern North Sea, but are represented by cyclic rhythmites and are limited to palaeo-estuaries. Calculations based on an embayed coast model show that the tidal range could have been amplified to ca 1 m in estuaries and that this is sufficient to form cyclic rhythmites. Without tidal mixing, the tropical equatorial heat and salinity enhancement would promote stratification in the open water body. The introduction of organic matter probably caused anoxia, biotic mortality and carbon accumulation, as evidenced by numerous black "marine-band" shales. Western Europe
Carboniferous v?{ " Evans, D.J.
Meneilly, A.
Brown, G. 1992J Seismic facies analysis of Westphalian sequences of the southern North Sea 578-589 Marine and Petroleum Geology 9 6 Atlantic-Ocean; Carboniferous-; coal-fields; Coal-Measures; geophysical-methods; geophysical-surveys; lithofacies-; migration-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; Paleozoic-; petroleum-; reservoir-rocks; seismic-methods; seismograms-; sequence-stratigraphy; stratigraphy-; surveys-; synthetic-seismograms; Upper-Carboniferous; Westphalian-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Applied-geophysics
Geophysics Southern North Sea
Carboniferous ?1 Drozdzewski, Guenter 1993V The Ruhr coal basin (Germany); structural evolution of an autochthonous foreland basin 231-250% International Journal of Coal Geology 23 1-4! basins-; Central-Europe; coal-; Europe-; fold-and-thrust-belts; folds-; foreland-basins; Germany-; Hercynian-Orogeny; maps-; North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany; organic-residues; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; Ruhr-; sedimentary-rocks; structural-maps; tectonics-; Structural-geology; Petrology-of-coal Structural Geology The Ruhr coal basin is part of the external fold and thrust belt of the Variscan orogen in Central Europe. Information from extensive coal mining, outcrops in the south of the Ruhr district, reflection seismic surveys and about 800 exploration boreholes in the north, support the interpretation of a mostly molasse-type sequence, more than 6000 m thick, of Namurian and Westphalian age. Both the southwest-northeast trending sedimentary basin structures and the fold structures of the Ruhr Carboniferous were caused by the compressive regime of the Variscan folding in its hinterland, but there is no direct relationship between sedimentary basin structures and the later folding structures. Coal formation started in the Namurian C, reached its maximum during the Westphalian A and B and ended during the Westphalian D. In total, about 250 coal seams were formed, but only 50 of them are of economic importance at present. Strata thicknesses and coal content are generally greater in the southeast of the Ruhr coalfield than in the northwest. An important exception can be observed in the lower part of the Westphalian A, where, in contrast, strata thicknesses are greatest in the northwest (in the Muensterland region), although the coal content remains the greatest in the southeast. Detailed isopach maps covering 100-200 m thick stratigraphic intervals reveal the existence of a southwest-northeast trending zone of reduced subsidence in the Ruhr coalfield that moved from southeast to northwest during the Westphalian. This structure can be interpreted as a peripheral bulge. Coal seams are purer and thicker in the area of this structure, which therefore must have been a paleogeographic element within the Ruhr basin. The general effect of a general decrease in the coal content of the Upper Carboniferous towards the northwest is superimposed on the migration of the coal content maxima of individual formations towards the northwest. During the Namurian C and Westphalian A the coal content maxima were situated in the area of the River Ruhr and during the Westphalian B and C in the area of the River Lippe. The deformation of the Ruhr coal basin is of post-Westphalian age, as demonstrated by the concordant folding of the Devonian and Carboniferous strata. The tectonic structure is mainly characterised by the following elements: stockwerk tectonics, axial elevations and a succession of compressional and extensional tectonics. Due to the general dip of the Ruhr coal basin towards the north, different structural levels ("stockwerks") can be observed. The southern area displays the lowermost stockwerk, with many minor folds of about constant wavelength and low amplitudes. Thrusts are mainly small and some of them show increasing displacement upwards. The central part of the mining area displays the intermediate stockwerk with large, tight anticlinoria with minor folds separated by open synclines. These are accompanied by folded northwest- and southeast-vergent thrusts. In the northern Ruhr district, high anticlines and broad, trough-shaped synclinoria with only few thrusts represent the uppermost stockwerk. Large fold controlled thrusts die out at this level. Axial culminations and depressions have strongly influenced the structural style of the folding as well. According to this model of stockwerk tectonics, excess volume created by disharmonic folding is redistributed by thrusts. Thrusts dying out downwards at different stratigraphic and structural levels give evidence that there is no regional basal detachment below the Ruhr coal basin. This interpretation fits very well to new results achieved by the deep seismic reflection profile DEKORP 2-N. The section clearly shows thick-skinned tectonics in the Rhenish massif, with a shortening of the whole thickness of crust. The Ruhr coal basin can, therefore, be interpreted in terms of an autochthonous foreland basin in front of a buried thrust front to the south. Investigations on the post-Carboniferous strata of the Ruhr basin indicate different periods of active faulting. Cross and diagonal fault Germany
Carboniferous ?~ " Flint, S.
Aitken, J.F.
Hampson, G. 1995u Application of sequence stratigraphy to coal-bearing coastal plain successions; implications for the UK Coal Measures 1-16 European Coal Geology 82 1 Whateley, M.K.G
Spears, D. A. London' Geological Society Special Publications Carboniferous-; coal-; coal-exploration; coal-seams; coastal-environment; depositional-environment; England-; Europe-; fluvial-environment; Great-Britain; lithologic-controls; marine-environment; organic-residues; Paleozoic-; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-rocks; sequence-stratigraphy; transgression-; unconformities-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Stratigraphy Clastic sedimentology UK
Carboniferous 8 E 1)-0824994873/Flint et al. (1995).pdf
? & Hampson, G.J.
Elliott, T.
Davies, S.J. 1997 The application of sequence stratigraphy to Upper Carboniferous fluvio-deltaic strata of the onshore UK and Ireland; implications for the southern North Sea 719-733" Journal of the Geological Society 154 Part 4C Atlantic-Ocean; Carboniferous-; channels-; cyclothems-; deltaic-environment; Europe-; fluvial-environment; Ireland-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; Paleosols-; Paleozoic-; planar-bedding-structures; sedimentary-structures; sequence-stratigraphy; southern-North-Sea; unconformities-; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy Stratigraphy Stratigraphical correlations and facies interpretations of Upper Carboniferous fluvio-deltaic strata have been based traditionally on cyclothems bound by marine flooding surfaces (marine bands). The recent recognition of major, regionally extensive erosional unconformities (Exxon-style sequence boundaries) within selected cyclothems questions their validity as units of genetically related strata. Using examples from the Carboniferous of the onshore UK and Ireland, we present sedimentological criteria for the recognition of sequence boundaries, placing particular emphasis on the regional context of these surfaces. Sequence boundaries comprise widespread, deeply eroded surfaces at the base of major fluvial sandstone complexes, and laterally equivalent palaeosols developed on interfluves at the margins of the fluvial complexes. These sequence boundaries define units of genetically related strata (sequences) which contain other key surfaces of time-stratigraphic significance, including marine bands and regionally extensive coals. The recognition of key surfaces enables the construction of a high resolution stratigraphic framework within which coeval facies relationships can be interpreted. Sequence boundaries can be correlated between individual basins in the onshore UK. by reference to their position in relation to a particular marine band. For example, the sequence boundary at the base of the Farewell Rock in the South Wales Basin can be correlated with that at the base of the Rough Rock in the Pennine Basin, northern England, since both these sandstone bodies are directly overlain by the Subcrenatum Marine Band. Interbasinal correlations of this nature imply that potential fluvial sandstone reservoirs within major incised valley fills in the Upper Carboniferous strata of the southern North Sea can be predicted by correlation with the onshore UK. The stratigraphical framework can be extended and tested using core and well-log data, particularly spectral gamma-ray data, which are able to identify key sequence stratigraphic surfaces. UK North Sea
Carboniferous?: Higgs, R. 2004e Ross and Bude Formations (Carboniferous, Ireland and England); reinterpreted as lake-shelf turbidites 47-66 Journal of Petroleum Geology 27 1+ basins-; Bude-Formation; carbonate-rocks; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; depositional-environment; England-; Europe-; flysch-; foreland-basins; Great-Britain; Ireland-; lacustrine-environment; limestone-; mudstone-; Namurian-; paleoenvironment-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; petroleum-; petroleum-engineering; petroleum-exploration; reservoir-properties; Ross-Formation; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; shale-; turbidite-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Sedimentary-petrology Clastic sedimentology The Ross Formation (Namurian, Ireland) and the near-identical Bude Formation (Westphalian, England), both amply described in the literature, are used by oil companies as deep-sea-fan reservoir analogues. However, the Ross Formation is reinterpreted here, like the Bude Formation in recent publications, to be composed of river-fed turbidites deposited on the wave-influenced northern shelf of a Variscan foreland-basin lake, which also had a southern flysch trough. Key features of these formations are: (i) two classes of thin (<0.4 m) sandstone "event bed" in shale comprising (a) structureless turbidite-like beds, and (b) rippled beds with combined-flow ripples and/or hummocky cross-stratification, neither structure having previously been reported from the Ross Formation; (ii) "trademark" tabular packets (1-10 m) of amalgamated event beds which interfinger laterally with mudstones; (iii) sharp packet bases and tops; (iv) rare sinuous channel fills; and (v) rare thick (1-10 m) shale units, each containing a thin (cm-dm) fossiliferous band. The fossil bands are interpreted here as maximum flooding surfaces, reflecting glacioeustatic marine incursions over the lake spill point (sill), forcing the lake to rise and to turn marine or strongly brackish; these bands define Galloway-type depositional sequences 50-100 m thick. During eustatic falls, the lake was forced down to sill level, where it perched and turned fresh (desalination). Intervals containing sandstone packets are attributed to the falling-stage and lowstand systems tracts, each packet representing a higher-order lowstand systems tract. Packets are interpreted as tongue shaped, supplied by river-fed underflows. Packet bases (sharp) represent the storm-wave-graded equilibrium shelf profile, glacioeustatically forced to its lowstand position. On this erosion surface were deposited underflow turbidites produced by floods in the catchment. Occasional catastrophic storms on the lake shaved these turbidites and interfingering fair-weather muds back down to the equilibrium level, leaving behind a subsidence-accommodated increment whose surface was sculpted by storm wind and wave currents, forming hummocks, combined-flow ripples and erosional megaflutes. Whenever a river-fed underflow accompanied one of these storms, the resulting highly erosive combined flow carved a sinuous channel on the wave-sculpted equilibrium surface. Sandstone-shale intervals separating the sandstone packets are interpreted as transgressive and highstand systems tracts. They contain both turbidites and wave-modified turbidites (rippled beds), deposited on the out-of-equilibrium drowned shelf. A gradual rotation in sole-mark direction with time in both formations is attributed to a reversal of Coriolis deflection as the plate drifted north across the equator, causing underflows (deflected along-shelf geostrophically) to flow first NEwards and then SWwards on an inferred SE-facing shelf. The lack of evidence for emergence in the Ross and Bude Formations, in spite of the great thicknesses (460 m and 1,290 m, respectively) of these shallow-water deposits, is attributed to regulation of minimum water depth firstly by the lake sill blocking eustatically-forced exposure, and secondly by storm grading, preventing emergence by sedimentation. UK
Carboniferous
? O'Mara, P. T.
Turner, B. R. 1999x Sequence stratigraphy of coastal alluvial plain Westphalian B Coal Measures in Northumberland and the southern North Sea 33-62% International Journal of Coal Geology 42 1 alluvial-plains; Anthracoceras-aegiranum; Anthracoceratites-vanderbeckei; Bivalvia-; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; coal-; Coal-Measures; coastal-environment; England-; Europe-; fluvial-features; Great-Britain; Invertebrata-; lithofacies-; Mollusca-; Northumberland-England; Paleozoic-; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; sequence-stratigraphy; southern-North-Sea; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Stratigraphy Stratigraphy! Westphalian B coastal alluvial plain Coal Measures of Northumberland and the southern North Sea are susceptible to stratigraphic base-level fluctuations of various magnitudes which create a hierarchy of flooding surfaces: (1) high magnitude third order maximum flooding surfaces corresponding to the Anthracoceratites vanderbeckei and Anthracoceras aegiranum marine bands defining the top and bottom of the succession, when vast areas of the Westphalian foreland basin were flooded by marine incursions; (2) high frequency fluctuations promoting small-scale fourth order flooding of the entire or large areas (100's km (super 2) ) of the alluvial plain resulting in deposition of non-marine bivalve beds or marine bands depending on their position on the third order base level curve; and (3) small-scale localised base level rises due to differential compaction and autocyclic switching of minor crevasse-splays and distributary channels. A regionally extensive third order tectonically induced sequence boundary is also recognised in the southern North Sea, slightly above the maximum stand in stratigraphic base level recorded by the vanderbeckei marine band. This sequence boundary, which represents the lowest point on the background eustatic base level curve between the two maximum flooding surfaces, is overlain by the multilateral, multistorey Caister Sandstone. The lack of significant erosional relief beneath this channel sandstone suggests that accommodation space at this time was being created at a very low rate. The succession above the Caister Sandstone sequence boundary, up to the aegiranum marine band maximum flooding surface, records an increasing rate of stratigraphic base level rise. This equates to a third order transgressive systems tract or sequence set, comprising a number of fourth order sequences which change upwards in response to the background low frequency rise. The increasing rate of base-level rise and increased accommodation space is accompanied by a change in fluvial style to more isolated channels enclosed within floodplain deposits. UK; UK North Sea
Carboniferous}? d Süss, M. Peter
Schaefer, Andreas
Drozdzewski, Guenter
Hampson, Gary
Stollhofen, Harald
Flint, Steve 2001 A sequence stratigraphic model for the Lower Coal Measures (Upper Carboniferous) of the Ruhr district, North-west Germany; discussion and reply 1171-1186
Sedimentology 48 5! Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; coal-; Coal-Measures; cyclothems-; depositional-environment; Europe-; Germany-; North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany; Paleozoic-; planar-bedding-structures; Ruhr-; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentary-structures; sequence-stratigraphy; Upper-Carboniferous; Stratigraphy Stratigraphy Germany
Carboniferous ? Archard, G.
Trice, R. 1990 A preliminary investigation into the spectral radiation of the Upper Carboniferous marine bands and its stratigraphic application 167-173 Newsletters on Stratigraphy 21 3 Carboniferous-; gamma-ray-methods; geophysical-methods; lithostratigraphy-; marine-environment; Namurian-; Paleozoic-; radioactivity-methods; Upper-Carboniferous; Westphalian-; Stratigraphy Stratigraphy Generic
Carboniferousk? Davies, S. J.
McLean, D. 1996y Spectral gamma-ray and palynological characterization of Kinderscoutian marine bands in the Namurian of the Pennine Basin 103-114/ Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 51 Part 2Q Ammonoidea-; basins-; biostratigraphy-; Carboniferous-; Cephalopoda-; clastic-rocks; cyclic-processes; deltaic-environment; England-; Europe-; gamma-ray-spectra; Great-Britain; Invertebrata-; Kinderscoutian-; Lancashire-England; lithostratigraphy-; marine-environment; microfossils-; miospores-; Mollusca-; Namurian-; northern-England; Paleozoic-; palynomorphs-; Pennines-; regression-; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-basins; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; spectra-; Tetrabranchiata-; transgression-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy; Sedimentary-petrology Stratigraphy UK
Carboniferous ? " Delmer, A.
Dusar, M.
Delcambre, B. 20016 Upper Carboniferous lithostratigraphic units (Belgium) 95-103 Geologica Belgica 4 1-2A Belgium-; carbonate-rocks; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; coal-; Dinantian-; Europe-; lithostratigraphy-; marine-environment; Namurian-; Paleozoic-; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-rocks; siliciclastics-; subsidence-; terrestrial-environment; transgression-; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Stratigraphy Stratigraphy Upper Carboniferous, Namurian to Westphalian coal measures in Belgium form part of the Variscan Foredeep in northwestern Europe, with maximum preserved thickness over 3500 m. Despite post-depositional separation of the Wallonian and Campine coal basins by the Brabant Massif and different tectonic styles, a common lithostratigraphic nomenclature can be applied. The stratigraphic subdivision is based on the distinction between a carbonate-dominated marine "Dinantian" and siliciclastic continental, coal-bearing "Silesian". Basal units testify of a marine transgression, locally continuous with Dinantian carbonate sedimentation, elsewhere drowning an emergent karst landscape. Progressive advance and uplift of the Variscan orogenic belt caused rapid subsidence in the foreland and transition from prodelta mudstones to upper alluvial plain conglomerates, with fewer marine incursions. The Belgian Coal Measures Group encompasses this complete tectonically-driven sedimentary succession. Belgium
Carboniferous < P q01)-3134793528/Delmer et al. (2001).pdf g? 5 De Vos, W.
Verniers, J.
Herbosch, A.
Vanguestaine, M. 19933 A new geological map of the Brabant Massif, Belgium 605-611 Geological Magazine 130 5 Belgium-; Brabant-Massif; Cambrian-; Europe-; geologic-maps; Lower-Cambrian; maps-; models-; Paleozoic-; Precambrian-; Western-Europe; Areal-geology Stratigraphy Belgium
Palaeozoic 3
? Mearns, E.W.
McBride, J.J. 1999 Hydrocarbon filling history and reservoir continuity of oil fields evaluated using 87Sr-86Sr isotope ratio variations in formation water, with examples from the North Sea 17-27 Petroleum Geoscience 5 1 Petroleum GeologyZ This paper describes how 87Sr/86Sr ratios in formation waters are used to evaluate compartmentalization of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Strontium Isotope Residual Salt Analysis (SrRSA) of core samples provides a means of measuring 87Sr/86Sr ratios in formation water from hydrocarbon columns and aquifers. Smooth SrRSA profiles suggest progressive, uninterrupted, filling and the absence of sealed barriers, while a step change in a profile normally suggests a barrier sealed up-dip from the well penetration. Inferences about lateral connectivity are made by comparing SrRSA profiles from neighbouring wells at TVD. Profiles that are superimposed when plotted at TVD suggest the well sections share a common filling history and lie in the same flow unit. Neighbouring SrRSA profiles that are not superimposed normally suggest segmented compartmentalization of the reservoir. Post-fill structural tilting of reservoirs and hydrodynamism synchronous with filling are processes which complicate data interpretation. Drilling mud contamination of core water is the most serious technical limitation of the SrRSA technique. North Sea Generic D h
e (1999)-0303125760/Mearns & McBride (1999).pdf ? " Jongmans, W.J.
van Rummelen, F. H. 1941C Overzicht van de gegevens der nieuwere diepboringen in Zuid-Limburg 136-156 Geologie en Mijnbouw 5 borings-; Carboniferous-; Carboniferous-Quaternary; Cenozoic-; Cretaceous-; Europe-; faults-; historical-geology; Limburg-Netherlands; Mesozoic-; Netherlands-; Paleozoic-; Quaternary-; tectonics-; Tertiary-; Triassic-; Western-Europe; Structural-geology Stratigraphy Survey of the data obtained from the recent deep borings in south Limburg, Netherlands. Formations from Quaternary through Tertiary, Cretaceous, Triassic, into the Carboniferous were penetrated. The fault system is diagrammed. Netherlands
Carboniferous? @ Leeder, M. R.
Raiswell, R.
Al Biatty, H.
McMahon, A.
Hardman, M. 1990 Carboniferous stratigraphy, sedimentation and correlation of Well 48-3-3 in the southern North Sea basin; integrated use of palynology, natural gamma/ sonic logs and carbon-sulphur geochemistry 287-300" Journal of the Geological Society 147 2x acoustical-logging; anaerobic-environment; Atlantic-Ocean; biostratigraphy-; carbon-; Carboniferous-; correlation-; deltaic-environment; fluvial-environment; fresh-water-environment; gamma-ray-methods; geochemistry-; geophysical-surveys; interpretation-; Langsettian-; lithofacies-; lithostratigraphy-; marine-environment; Marsdenian-; microfossils-; miospores-; Namurian-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; paleogeography-; paleosalinity-; Paleozoic-; palynomorphs-; sedimentation-; Silesian-; southern-North-Sea; stratigraphy-; sulfur-; surveys-; Upper-Carboniferous; well-logging; wells-; Westphalian-; Yeadonian-; zoning-; Stratigraphy Geochemistry UK
Carboniferous 6? B Littke, R.
Bueker, C.
Lueckge, A.
Sachsenhofer, R. F.
Welte, D. H. 1994n A new evaluation of palaeo-heat flows and eroded thicknesses for the Carboniferous Ruhr basin, western Germany 155-183% International Journal of Coal Geology 26 3-4 burial-; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; coal-; coalification-; Europe-; Germany-; heat-flow; macerals-; North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany; organic-residues; Paleozoic-; reflectance-; Ruhr-; sedimentary-rocks; vitrinite-; Petrology-of-coal Burial history Palaeo-heat flows and thicknesses of eroded Carboniferous overburden in the coal-bearing Ruhr basin (western Germany) were estimated using one-dimensional basin modelling techniques. Thermal and burial histories for 11 localities were calibrated by comparing measured and calculated vitrinite reflectance data, based on the assumption of pre-tectonic maturation. In contrast to former studies, the kinetic EASY%R (sub o) approach was applied for the calculation of vitrinite reflectance. Lopatin's TTI algorithm was used in addition for one well in order to demonstrate the impact of the selection of the algorithm for vitrinite reflectance calculation on the simulation results. Simulated palaeo-heat flows for the time of maximum burial (most probably in the Stephanian) range from 64 to 83 mW/m (super 2) and decrease towards the south. These heat flows are lower than values computed during earlier studies, but are still relatively high in comparison to recent foreland basins. The regional distribution of palaeo-heat flows indicates that the crust beneath the Ruhr basin was relatively thin and thickened towards the south at the end of the Carboniferous. After the Stephanian, 2200-3500 m of Carboniferous overburden were eroded. An observed southward increase in eroded thicknesses is caused by an uplift of the area studied, which decreased towards the north, at the end of the Variscan folding. Large thicknesses of deposited (and later eroded) Carboniferous sediments have to be postulated to explain the maturity data even along the present southern margin of the Ruhr basin. This indicates that the late Carboniferous sediments originally extended far to the south. Geological arguments suggest that the deposition of Carboniferous sediments in the entire Ruhr basin continued until the Stephanian. Germany
Carboniferous n? Luening, Sebastian
Kolonic, S. 2003r Uranium spectral gamma-ray response as a proxy for organic richness in black shales; applicability and limitations 153-174 Journal of Petroleum Geology 26 2| actinides-; Africa-; authigenic-minerals; black-shale; chemical-ratios; clastic-rocks; Devonian-; Europe-; gamma-ray-methods; metals-; North-Africa; organic-compounds; Paleozoic-; petroleum-; sedimentary-rocks; Silurian-; source-rocks; spectra-; total-organic-carbon; uranium-; well-logging; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry In many organic-rich, low-carbonate hemipelagic shales, there is a stable and close correlation between the uranium and TOC contents. In this paper, we present a number of case studies using our own data and that from previous publications to investigate black shales with (1) good, (2) fair-to-good and (3) poor U/TOC correlations. U/TOC ratios in the different black shale units are compared to each other, and possible reasons for the observed variations are discussed. In general, the U/TOC ratio in a black shale is controlled by a number of factors which include for example the primary uranium content of the water body, the carbonate content and the sedimentation rate. The development of a stable U/TOC ratio may be inhibited by the presence of phosphate, by a high carbonate or sand content, by dissolution ("burn-down") of uranium during intermittent oxic periods, and by large-scale diagenetic remobilisation of uranium. In suitable black shale systems, vertical variations in organic richness can be approximated by measuring the uranium content using spectral gamma-ray measurements. This may be especially important in outcrop studies because gamma-ray logging is a straightforward field technique. Before the uranium content can be used as a proxy for TOC content in a black shale system, however, a thorough calibration of uranium and TOC is necessary, in order to determine the stratigraphic and regional limits of the derived U/TOC ratios and to establish the presence of a stable U/TOC correlation. Generic Devonian D <
I\ (2003)-2528685312/Luning & Kolonic (2003).pdf ? Menning, M.
Alekseev, A. S.
Chuvashov, B. I.
Davydov, V. I.
Devuyst, F. X.
Forke, H. C.
Grunt, T. A.
Hance, Luc
Heckel, P. H.
Izokh, N. G.
Jin, Y. G.
Jones, P. J.
Kotlyar, G. V.
Kozur, H. W.
Nemyrovska, T. I.
Schneider, J. W.
Wang, X. D.
Weddige, Karsten
Weyer, Dieter
Work, D. M. 2006 Global time scale and regional stratigraphic reference scales of central and west Europe, east Europe, Tethys, south China, and North America as used in the Devonian-Carboniferous-Permian Correlation Chart 2003 (DCP 2003) 318-3721 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240 1-2= Asia-; bibliography-; biostratigraphy-; Brachiopoda-; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; China-; Conodonta-; correlation-; DCP-2003; definition-; Devonian-; Devonian-Carboniferous-Permian-Correlation-Chart-2003; Europe-; Far-East; Foraminifera-; global-; Global-Stratotype-Section-and-Point; Graptolithina-; GSSP-; Invertebrata-; lithostratigraphy-; marine-environment; microfossils-; New-York; North-America; Paleozoic-; Permian-; Protista-; range-; sedimentary-rocks; southern-China; terrestrial-environment; Tethys-; time-scales; United-States; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy StratigraphyL The boundaries of the Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian stages of the Global Stratigraphic Reference Scale (abbreviated to Global Stratigraphic Scale-GSS) are described in relation to the biostratigraphic and/or lithostratigraphic units of the Regional Stratigraphic Reference Scales (abbreviated to Regional Stratigraphic Scales-RSS) of Central and West Europe, East Europe, Tethys, South China (eastern Tethys), and North America. In their type regions the boundaries of GSS units rarely coincide with those of homonymous RSS units. Moreover, the definitions of some RSS units have changed several times over the last decades, and subsequent misunderstanding of the stratigraphical significance of these changes has often introduced errors into proposed global correlation charts. The stratigraphic framework proposed in our global Devonian-Carboniferous-Permian Correlation Chart 2003 [DCP 2003 (Devonian-Carboniferous-Permian Correlation Chart 2003, Menning, M., Schneider, J. W., Alekseev, A. S., Amon, E. O., Becker, G., von Bitter, P. H., Boardman, D. R., Bogoslovskaya, M., Braun, A., Brocke, R., Chernykh, V., Chuvashov, B. I., Clayton, G., Dusar, M., Davydov, V. I., Dybova-Jachowicz, S., Forke, H. C., Gibling, M., Gilmour, E. H., Goretzki, J., Grunt, T. A., Hance, L., Heckel, P. H., Izokh, N. G., Jansen, U., Jin Y. G., Jones, P., Kading, K. Ch., Kerp, H., Kiersnowski, H., Klets, A., Klug, Ch., Korn, D., Kossovaya, O., Kotlyar, G. V., Kozur, H. W., Laveine, J. P., Martens, Th., Nemyrovska, T. I., Nigmadganov, A. I., Paech, H. J., Peryt, T. M., Rohn, R., Roscher, M., Rubidge, B., Schiappa, T. A., Schindler, E., Skompski, S., Ueno, K., Utting, J., Vdovenko, M. V., Villa, E., Voigt, S., Wahlman, G. P., Wardlaw, B. R., Warrington, G., Weddige, K., Werneburg, R., Weyer, D., Wilde, V., Winkler Prins, C. F., Work, D. M., 2004). Abschluszkolloquium DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm 1054: Evolution des Systems Erde wahrend des jungeren Palaozoikums im Spiegel der Sedimentgeochemie. Abstracts Univ. Erlangen, Germany, 2004, p. 43.] (herein abbreviated to DCP 2003, and cited as DCP, 2003 in references) is an attempt to reduce these errors. The DCP 2003 is the stratigraphic base for Project 1054 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) "The evolution of the Late Palaeozoic in the light of sedimentary geochemistry". This composite time scale has been carefully balanced, as far as data allows, to remove unnecessary, artificial compression and expansion of time intervals, biozonations and depositional events. The ages selected in DCP 2003 are markedly different to those in the Geologic Time Scale 1989 [GTS 1989 (Harland, W. B., Armstrong, R. L., Cox, A. V., Craig, L. E., Smith, A. G., Smith, D. G., 1990). A geologic time scale 1989. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.; Harland, W. B., Armstrong, R. L., Cox, A. V., Craig, L. E., Smith, A. G., Smith, D. G., 1990. A geologic time scale 1989. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 1-263.] and in Gradstein and Ogg [Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J., 1996. A Phanerozoic time scale. Episodes 19 (1/2), 3-4, insert.), whereas they are closer to those of the Geologic Time Scale 2004 [GTS 2004; Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Smith, A. G., 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 1-589.]. Mostly, the ages are rounded to the nearest 0.5 Ma in order to avoid estimates of questionable accuracy, whereas ages of 0.1 Ma in the GTS 2004 and their error bars of + or -0.4 Ma to + or -2.8 Ma for the Devonian to Permian stage boundaries suggest an improved accuracy. In contrast, in the DCP 2003 questionable ages and positions of stratigraphic boundaries are marked by arrows. Europe; North America; China Generic ? 7 Morton, Andrew
Knox Robert, W. O. B.
Hallsworth, Claire 2002M Correlation of reservoir sandstones using quantitative heavy mineral analysis 251-262 Petroleum Geoscience 8 3 Atlantic-Ocean; Atlantic-Ocean-Islands; Bajocian-; Brent-Field; Brent-Group; Cenozoic-; Clair-Field; Clair-Group; clastic-rocks; Cormorant-Formation; correlation-; depositional-environment; Europe-; Foinaven-Field; Great-Britain; heavy-minerals; Jurassic-; lithofacies-; lithostratigraphy-; Mesozoic-; Middle-Jurassic; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; oil-and-gas-fields; Oseberg-Field; Paleocene-; Paleogene-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; reservoir-rocks; sandstone-; Scotland-; sedimentary-rocks; Shetland-Islands; Statfjord-Formation; Tern-Field; Tertiary-; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Stratigraphy
MineralogyX This article is the first one of a small series, commissioned by the journal and edited by Paul Nadeau, which will aim to provide an overview of non-biostratigraphic correlation techniques. Heavy mineral analysis is one of a group of provenance-based methods that complement traditional biostratigraphic correlation of clastic reservoirs. A variety of processes give rise to stratigraphic changes in sediment composition, including source area uplift, unroofing, changes in climatic conditions, extent of alluvial storage on the floodplain and the interplay between different depositional systems. Heavy mineral analysis is a reliable and proven technique for the correlation of clastic successions because prolonged and extensive research has provided detailed understanding of the effects of processes that alter the original provenance signal during the sedimentary cycle, such as hydrodynamics and diagenesis. The technique has been successfully applied to a wide range of clastic reservoirs, from fluvial to deep marine and from Devonian to Tertiary, using a combination of different types of parameters (provenance-sensitive mineral ratios, mineral chemistry and grain morphology). The application of heavy mineral analysis as a non-biostratigraphic correlation tool has two limitations. The first is that valid correlations cannot be made in sequences with uniform provenance and sediment transport history, but this is a problem inherent with all provenance-based methods. The other is that the technique can be applied only to coarse clastic lithologies and is not suitable for fine-grained sediments or carbonates. North Sea Generic
$ ?6 > Hallsworth, C. R.
Morton, A. C.
Claoue Long, J.
Fanning, C. M. 2000s Carboniferous sand provenance in the Pennine Basin, UK; constraints from heavy mineral and detrital zircon age data 147-185 Sedimentary Geology 137 3-4 absolute-age; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; dates-; detrital-sedimentation; England-; Europe-; Great-Britain; heavy-minerals; nesosilicates-; orthosilicates-; Paleozoic-; Pennine-Basin; Pennines-; provenance-; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; silicates-; U-Th-Pb; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; zircon-; Sedimentary-petrology; Geochronology
Mineralogy The integration of heavy mineral analysis and detrital zircon age dating has enabled high-resolution differentiation and characterisation of Carboniferous sandstone provenance in the Pennine Basin of the UK. Heavy mineral data have identified a number of distinct mineralogical groups with different provenance histories and source-area compositions. Single-grain zircon dating on each mineralogical type has placed constraints on the geochronology of the various source terrains. This combination of mineralogical and isotopic data has led to the identification of four distinct source terrains and sediment transport pathways. During the Namurian, the majority of sediment was supplied from the north via the "Pennine delta". The source region comprised a high-grade metasedimentary terrain with granitic intrusions. Zircon age data indicate that this lay within the part of Laurentia-Baltica affected by the Caledonian orogeny. Small amounts of sediment were shed northwards from the Wales-Brabant High, on the southern margin of the basin. Most of this was recycled from the Old Red Sandstone but some of it came directly from late Proterozoic igneous basement. Supply via the Pennine delta declined markedly in the Westphalian, with most of the Westphalian A and B being fed from the west. The western source mainly comprised pre-existing sediment, with variable contributions from ultramafic rocks. The precise location of this source remains conjectural: it is unlikely to be within the British Isles given the size and scale of the Westphalian fluvial systems, but the zircon age spectrum cannot be reconciled with derivation from the Appalachians-Newfoundland-Labrador area. Supply from the uplifting Variscan massif to the south became important in late Westphalian B times and continued into Westphalian D. Zircon age data indicate sourcing from Late Carboniferous granites and Cadomian and Icartian basement. UK
Carboniferous ?i Felder, W.M.
Engelen, F.G.H. 1989$ Metaalertsen in de bodem van Limburg 371-376 Grondboor & Hamer 43 Natural resources Netherlands Generic f? @ Abbink, O.A.
van Konijnenburg - van Cittert, J.H.A.
Visscher, H. 2006 New stratigraphic insights in the Late Jurassic of the Southeren Central North Sea Graben and Terschelling Basin (Dutch Central Graben) and related exploration potential 221-238" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 85 3 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Jurassic < h06)-1101775360/Abbink et al (2006).pdf h? S Abbink, O.A.
van Konijnenburg - van Cittert, J.H.A.
Van der Zwan, C.J.
Visscher, H. 2004 A sporomorph ecogroup model for the Northwest European Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous II: Application to an exploration well from the Dutch North Sea 81-92" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 83 2
Palaeontology Netherlands Jurassic; Cretaceous 8 )X )-1000920064/Abbink et al (2004).pdf)? Reijers, T. J. A. 1985h Devonian basin-fill histories of the Spanish Cantabrian Mountains and the Belgian Ardennes; a comparison 41-62 Geologie en Mijnbouw 64 1? basins-; Belgium-; Cantabrian-Mountains; carbonate-platforms; correlation-; Devonian-; Europe-; geodynamics-; Iberian-Peninsula; paleoclimatology-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; plate-tectonics; reefs-; sedimentary-basins; sedimentation-; Southern-Europe; Spain-; stratigraphy-; subsidence-; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy Palaeogeography Belgium; Spain Devonian
? Sissingh, W. 2004U Palaeozoic and Mesozoic igneous activity in the Netherlands; a tectonomagmatic review 113-134" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 83 2 absolute-age; dates-; Europe-; igneous-rocks; intrusions-; K-Ar; lithostratigraphy-; magmatism-; Mesozoic-; Netherlands-; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; plate-tectonics; tectonics-; volcanism-; Western-Europe; Igneous-and-metamorphic-petrology; Structural-geology Magmatism To date, igneous rocks, either intrusive or extrusive, have been encountered in the Palaeozoic-Mesozoic sedimentary series of the Netherlands in some 65 exploration and production wells. Following 17 new isotopic K/Ar age determinations of the recovered rock material (amounting to a total of 28 isotopic ages from 21 different wells), analysis of the stratigraphic distribution of the penetrated igneous rock bodies showed that the timing of their emplacement was importantly controlled by orogenic phases involving intra-plate wrench and rift tectonics. Magmatism coincided with the Acadian (Late Devonian), Sudetian (early Late Carboniferous), Saalian (Early Permian), Early Kimmerian (late Late Triassic), Mid-Kimmerian (Late Jurassic), Late Kimmerian (earliest Cretaceous) and Austrian (latest Early Cretaceous) tectonic phases. This synchroneity presumably reflects (broadly) coeval structural reorganizations of respectively the Baltica/Fennoscandinavia-Laurentia/Greenland, Laurussia-Gondwana, African-Eurasia and Greenland/Rockall-Eurasia plate assemblies. Through their concomitant changes of the intra-plate tectonic stress regime, inter-plate motions induced intra-plate tectonism and magmatism. These plate-tectonics related events determined the tectonomagmatic history of the Dutch realm by inducing the formation of localized centres, as well as isolated spot occurrences, of igneous activity. Some of these centres were active at (about) the same time. At a number of centres igneous activity re-occurred after a long period of time. Netherlands Generic 4 }h X-3547159040/Sissingh (2004).pdf ? Beaumont, C. 1978V The evolution of sedimentary basins on a viscoelastic lithosphere; theory and examples 471-4975 Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 55 2 basins-; crust-; environment-; evolution-; Heaviside-Green-functions; isostasy-; lithosphere-; models-; processes-; sedimentation-; viscoelasticity-; Solid-earth-geophysics Structural Geology Generic Generic? Beaumont, C. 1981 Foreland basins 291-3295 Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 65 2 Alberta-; basins-; Bassin-Alberta; Canada-; coalification-; compaction-; crust-; flexure-; foreland-basins; isostasy-; lithosphere-; metamorphism-; models-; orogeny-; Saskatchewan-; subsidence-; tectonophysics-; thermal-metamorphism; Western-Canada; Solid-earth-geophysics Structural Geology Generic Generic v? Brodkom, F. 1997 The control of Waulsortian mudmounds (Dinantian) on the geometry of Variscan folds and shear zones in calcareous-shaley series; a comparison between Belgium, Brittany and southern Ireland 23-25 Aardkundige Mededelingen 82 Ardennes-; Belgium-; biogenic-structures; bioherms-; Brittany-; calcareous-composition; Carboniferous-; correlation-; deformation-; Dinantian-; Europe-; faults-; folds-; France-; mud-mounds; Paleozoic-; sedimentary-structures; shear-zones; tectonics-; Waulsortian-facies; Western-Europe; Structural-geology Structural Geology Belgium; UK; Ireland
Carboniferous ? Burgess, P. M.
Moresi, L. N. 1999 Modelling rates and distribution of subsidence due to dynamic topography over subducting slabs; is it possible to identify dynamic topography from ancient strata? 305-314 Basin Research 11 4o back-arc-basins; backstripping-; basins-; continental-margin; Cretaceous-; dynamics-; extension-tectonics; flexure-; lithosphere-; loading-; mantle-; Mesozoic-; models-; North-America; oceanic-lithosphere; orogeny-; prediction-; rates-; slabs-; subduction-; subsidence-; tectonic-wedges; tectonics-; topography-; Upper-Cretaceous; Western-Interior; Structural-geology Structural Geology Generic Generic @ T #1999)-0542870016/Burgess & Moresi (1999).pdfi? ] Cloetingh, S.A. P. L.
Ziegler, P. A.
Beekman, F.
Andriessen, P. A. M.
Hardebol, N.
Dèzes, P. 2005 Intraplate deformation and 3D rheological structure of the Rhine rift system and adjacent areas of the northern Alpine Foreland 758-778' International Journal of Earth Sciences 94 4 Alps-; Central-Europe; continental-lithosphere; cross-sections; crust-; deformation-; Europe-; forelands-; intraplate-processes; lithosphere-; Prealps-; rheology-; tectonics-; tectonophysics-; three-dimensional-models; Upper-Rhine-Graben; Solid-earth-geophysics Structural Geology Western Europe Generic?< 0 Bridges, P. H.
Gutteridges, P.
Pickard, N. A. H. 1995; The environmental setting of Early Carboniferous mud-mounds 171-1900 Carbonate mud-mounds: their origin and evolution 238 Monty, C.L.V.
Bosence, D.W.J.
Bridges, P. H.
Pratt, B.R. -H Special Publication of the International Association of SedimentologistsY algae-; Belgium-; biogenic-structures; bioherms-; Bryozoa-; carbonate-rocks; Carboniferous-; communities-; diagenesis-; Dinantian-; Europe-; evolution-; Invertebrata-; microfossils-; mud-mounds; nucleation-; Paleozoic-; Plantae-; Porifera-; reefs-; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentary-structures; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Sedimentary-petrology Carbonate sedimentology Generic
Carboniferous ? D Corfield, S. M.
Gawthorpe, R. L.
Gage, M.
Fraser, A. J.
Besly, B. M. 1996A Inversion tectonics of the Variscan foreland of the British Isles 17-32" Journal of the Geological Society 153 Carboniferous-; Europe-; faults-; folds-; forelands-; Great-Britain; Hercynian-Orogeny; inversion-tectonics; Ireland-; lineaments-; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; tectonics-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Structural-geology Structural Geology UK
Carboniferous?
Coward, M. P. 1990? The Precambrian, Caledonian and Variscan framework to NW Europe 1-34M Proceedings of Tectonic events responsible for Britain's oil and gas reserves 55 Hardman, R.F.P.
Brooks, J. London' Geological Society Special Publications Caledonian-Orogeny; Europe-; Great-Britain; Hercynian-Orogeny; Paleozoic-; petroleum-; possibilities-; Precambrian-; Scotland-; structural-geology; tectonics-; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Structural-geology Structural Geology Western Europe
Palaeozoic a ? o
Coward, M. P. 1993 The effect of late Caledonian and Variscan continental escape tectonics on basement structure, Paleozoic basin kinematics and subsequent Mesozoic basin development in NW Europe 1095-1108H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference 4 Parker, J.R. London The Geological SocietyV accretion-; basement-; basins-; block-structures; Caledonian-Orogeny; displacements-; Europe-; extension-tectonics; faults-; Hercynian-Orogeny; island-arcs; kinematics-; Mesozoic-; North-Atlantic-Craton; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; pull-apart-basins; shear-; shear-zones; strike-slip-faults; systems-; tectonics-; Western-Europe; Structural-geology Structural Geology Western Europe
Palaeozoic , 2 027146/Coward (1993).pdfK
? DeCelles, P.G.
Giles, K.A. 1996 Foreland basin systems 105-123 Basin Research 8 2 accommodation-zones; back-bulge-depozone; basins-; crustal-thinning; deformation-; depositional-environment; faults-; flexure-; fold-and-thrust-belts; fore-arc-basins; forebulge-depozone; foredeep-depozone; foreland-basins; geometry-; loading-; orogenic-belts; orogeny-; sedimentary-basins; slabs-; subduction-; subsidence-; syntectonic-processes; tectonics-; thrust-faults; topography-; uplifts-; wedge-top-depozone; Structural-geology Structural Geology Generic Generic D ( s (1996)-3478888960/DeCelles & Giles (1996).pdf b?- Collinson, J.D. 1988U Controls on Namurian sedimentation in the Central Province basins of northern England 85-101Y Sedimentation in a synorogenic basin complex; the Upper Carboniferous of Northwest Europe - Besly, B. M.
Kelling, G. Glasgow Blackie" active-faults; basins-; bathymetry-; Carboniferous-; Central-Province; clastic-rocks; climatic-controls; controls-; currents-; Dinantian-; discharge-; energy-; England-; Europe-; extension-tectonics; faults-; Great-Britain; interpretation-; mudstone-; Namurian-; northern-England; Paleozoic-; salinity-; sandstone-; sedimentary-basins; sedimentary-petrology; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; structural-controls; subsidence-; tectonics-; turbidite-; turbidity-currents; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Sedimentary-petrology Palaeogeography UK
Carboniferous y?. Collinson, J.D. 2005E Dinantian and Namurian depositional systems in the southern North Sea 35-56X Carboniferous hydrocarbon geology - The southern North Sea and surrounding onshore areas 70 Collinson, J.D.
Evans, D.
Holliday, D.
Jones, N. -3 Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional Publication Palaeogeography Southern North Sea
CarboniferousF?/ M Collinson, J. D.
Holdsworth, B. K.
Jones, C. M.
Martinsen Ole, J.
Read, W. A. 1992 The Millstone Grit (Namurian) of the southern Pennines viewed in the light of eustatically controlled sequence stratigraphy by W. A. Read; discussion and reply 173-180 Geological Journal 27 2 Carboniferous-; England-; Europe-; eustacy-; Great-Britain; Millstone-Grit; Namurian-; northern-England; Paleozoic-; Pennines-; Rough-Rock; sequence-stratigraphy; stratigraphy-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy Stratigraphy UK
Carboniferous . ?0 o / Davies, S.
Hampson, G.
Flint, S. S.
Elliott, T. 1999y Continental-scale sequence stratigraphy of the Namurian, Upper Carboniferous and its applications to reservoir prediction 757-770H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 5th Conference 5 Fleet, A.J.
Boldy, S.A.R. London The Geological SocietyK basin-analysis; basins-; Canada-; Carboniferous-; chronostratigraphy-; correlation-; Europe-; Namurian-; North-America; Paleozoic-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; reservoir-rocks; sedimentary-basins; sequence-stratigraphy; terrestrial-environment; United-States; Upper-Carboniferous; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Petroleum Geology The search for Upper Carboniferous reservoirs can be aided by the development of a chronostratigraphic framework combining detailed sedimentological information with a template using the diagnostic ammonoid-bearing marine bands from onshore analogues derived from European, American and Canadian basins. Analysing Namurian successions constrains key sand-prone intervals, which include the upper Kinderscoutian, lower Marsdenian and top Yeadonian, from a number of depositional settings. A controversial issue for the Upper Carboniferous is the relative importance of high frequency and high magnitude glacio-eustatic sea-level fluctuations as a driving mechanism in the development of basin fill over the controls exerted through the prevailing tectonic regime, climate and sediment supply. The recognition and characterization of time-equivalent sea-level rises and, with greater significance for hydrocarbon exploration, sea-level falls, from a number of European basins attests to their influence. Candidate reservoirs can be constrained at various temporal resolutions and may also be restricted geographically. Significant candidate reservoirs include multistorey fluvial incised valley fills and deepwater sand-rich successions. The most productive onshore reservoirs are coarse-grained/conglomeratic fluvial intervals located in the base of incised valleys where a significant proportion of the subsequent valley fill is fine-grained estuarine sediments. There is potential for large hydrocarbon reservoirs within sand-rich deep water successions but their occurrence in tectonically complex or deeply buried areas has thus far precluded their exploitation. A chronostratigraphic framework established for the UK and Ireland can be applied to European basins and, in a more limited sense, to North America, where marine horizons can be matched. The application of this framework to the subsurface lies in the recognition of key candidate reservoirs and their likely occurrence, both geographically and temporally. Europe
Carboniferous =? ( Duin, Ed
Rijkers, Richard
Remmelts, Gijs 19958 Deep seismic reflections in the Netherlands; an overview 191-197 Geologie en Mijnbouw 74 3p basins-; Belgium-; Brabant-Massif; discontinuities-; Europe-; faults-; geophysical-methods; geophysical-profiles; geophysical-surveys; mapping-; Mesozoic-; Mohorovicic-discontinuity; Netherlands-; reflection-methods; Roer-Valley-Graben; sedimentary-basins; seismic-methods; seismic-profiles; shear-; surveys-; Western-Europe; Solid-earth-geophysics; Applied-geophysics
Geophysics Netherlands
PalaeozoicW? Dvorak, Jaroslav 1973d Die Quer-Gliederung des Rheinischen Schiefergebirges und die Tektogenese des Siegener Antiklinoriums 133-152/ Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie 143 2V anticlinoria-; Central-Europe; environmental-analysis; Europe-; evolution-; faults-; folds-; geologic-; geosynclines-; Germany-; Hercynian-; lithofacies-; maps-; Paleozoic-; Rhenish-Schiefergebirge; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; Siegen-Anticlinorium; structural-geology; structure-; tectonics-; transverse-; Variscan-; Structural-geology Structural Geology Germany
Palaeozoic ? Franke, W.
Bortfeld, R. K.
Brix, M.
Drozdzewski, G.
Duerbaum, H. J.
Giese, P.
Janoth, W.
Joedicke, H.
Reichert, C.
Scherp, A.
Schmoll, J.
Thomas, R.
Thuenker, M.
Weber, K.
Wiesner, M. G.
Wong, H. K. 1990n Crustal structure of the Rhenish Massif; results of deep seismic reflection lines DEKORP 2-North and 2-North-Q 523-566 Geologische Rundschau 79 3j Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; Cretaceous-; crust-; data-acquisition; data-processing; deep-seismic-sounding; DEKORP-; Devonian-; Europe-; extension-tectonics; faults-; geophysical-methods; Germany-; Hesse-Germany; listric-faults; lower-crust; Mesozoic-; Mohorovicic-discontinuity; Munsterland-; North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany; Paleozoic-; reflection-methods; Rhenish-Schiefergebirge; Rhenohercynian-; Rhine-Westphalian-Basin; sea-level-changes; seismic-migration; structural-geology; tectonics-; tectonometamorphism-; thrust-faults; transgression-; upper-crust; Vibroseis-; Solid-earth-geophysics; Applied-geophysics Structural Geology Germany
Palaeozoic ? Franke, Wolfgang 2000w The mid-European segment of the Variscides; tectonostratigraphic units, terrane boundaries and plate tectonic evolution 35-61E Orogenic Processes: Quantification and Modelling in the Variscan Belt 179) Franke, W.
Haak, V.
Oncken, O.
Tanner, D. London& Geological Society Special Publication Armorican-Massif; Bohemian-Massif; Central-Europe; Europe-; faults-; France-; Germany-; granites-; Hercynian-Orogeny; igneous-rocks; metamorphism-; Moldanubian-; orogenic-belts; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; Permian-; plate-collision; plate-convergence; plate-tectonics; plutonic-rocks; strike-slip-faults; tectonostratigraphic-units; terranes-; Thuringian-; Thuringian-Massif; Variscides-; Western-Europe; Solid-earth-geophysics Structural Geology~ The mid-European segment of the Variscides is a tectonic collage consisting of (from north to south): Avalonia, a Silurian-early Devonian magmatic arc, members of the Armorican Terrane Assemblage (ATA: Franconia, Saxo-Thuringia, Bohemia) and Moldanubia (another member of the ATA or part of N Gondwana?). The evolution on the northern flank of the Variscides is complex. Narrowing of the Rheic Ocean between Avalonia and the ATA occurred during the late Ordovician through early Emsian, and was accompanied by formation of an oceanic island arc. By the early Emsian, the passive margin of Avalonia, the island arc and some northern part of the ATA were closely juxtaposed, but there is no tectonometamorphic evidence of collision. Renewed extension in late Emsian time created the narrow Rheno-Hercynian Ocean whose trace is preserved in South Cornwall and at the southern margins of the Rhenish Massif and Harz Mts. Opening of this "successor ocean" to the Rheic left Armorican fragments stranded on the northern shore. These were later carried at the base of thrust sheets over the Avalonian foreland. Closure of the Rheno-Hercynian Ocean in earliest Carboniferous time was followed by deformation of the foreland sequences during the late lower Carboniferous to Westphalian. Closure of narrow oceanic realms on both sides of Bohemia occurred during the mid- and late Devonian by bilateral subduction under the Bohemian microplate. In both these belts (Saxo-Thuringian, Moldanubian), continental lithosphere was subducted to asthenospheric depths, and later partially obducted. Collisional deformation and metamorphism were active from the late Devonian to the late lower Carboniferous in a regime of dextral transpression. The orthogonal component of intra-continental shortening produced an anti-parallel pair of lithospheric mantle slabs which probably joined under the zone of structural parting and became detached. This allowed the ascent of asthenospheric material, with important thermal and rheological consequences. The strike slip displacements were probably in the order of hundreds of kilometres, since they have excised significant palaeogeographic elements. Europe
Palaeozoic ? Le Gall, B. 1992^ The deep structure of the Ardennes Variscan thrust belt from structural and ECORS seismic data 531-546 Journal of Structural Geology 14 5 accretionary-wedges; Ardennes-France; basins-; Belgium-; compression-; crust-; crustal-shortening; decollement-; deformation-; Dinant-Thrust; displacements-; ductile-deformation; ECORS-; Europe-; extension-; faults-; folds-; France-; geophysical-profiles; mechanics-; Midi-Thrust; Namur-Belgium; nappes-; northwestern-France; Rocroi-France; seismic-profiles; tectonophysics-; thrust-faults; Western-Europe; Solid-earth-geophysics Structural Geology Belgium
Palaeozoick
? * Giese, U.
Katzung, G.
Walter, R.
Weber, J. 1997h The Caledonian deformation of the Brabant Massif and the early Palaeozoic in Northeast Germany: compared 637-652 Geological Magazine 134 5a bedding-; Belgium-; boreholes-; Brabant-Massif; Caledonian-Orogeny; Central-Europe; clay-minerals; cleavage-; deformation-; Europe-; faunal-studies; fold-and-thrust-belts; folds-; geochronology-; Germany-; illite-; kinematics-; low-grade-metamorphism; lower-Paleozoic; macerals-; Mecklenburg-Western-Pomerania-Germany; metamorphism-; orientation-; paleomagnetism-; Paleozoic-; planar-bedding-structures; Rugen-Island; Russian-Platform; sedimentary-structures; sheet-silicates; silicates-; strain-; structural-analysis; structural-geology; tectonics-; vitrinite-; Western-Europe; X-ray-data; Structural-geology Structural Geology Western Europe
Palaeozoic < , 997)-1996514361/Giese et al. (1997).pdf S? > Hance, L.
Dejonghe, L.
Ghysel, P.
Laloux, M.
Mansy Jean, Louis 1999x Influence of heterogeneous lithostructural layering on orogenic deformation in the Variscan Front zone (eastern Belgium) 161-177 Tectonophysics 309 1-4D allochthons-; anticlines-; Ardennes-; Belgium-; deformation-; eastern-Belgium; Europe-; faults-; folds-; forelands-; Hercynian-Orogeny; heterogeneity-; imbricate-tectonics; layered-materials; orogeny-; structural-analysis; tectonic-wedges; tectonics-; thrust-faults; Variscides-; Western-Europe; windows-; Structural-geology Structural Geology The ramp-flat thrust model and other classical models based on Rocky Mountains or Appalachians structures allow a better understanding of fault and fold interaction in a sequence dominated by competent rocks, in which, in most cases, thrusts propagate forward in-sequence. This pattern, however, fails to explain the deformation history of rock successions with low proportions of competent rocks. In such lithologies, out-of-sequence faults are more common features. The Variscan Front Zone in eastern Belgium serves as a case study for this non-classical deformation model. Cross-sections are well-constrained by surface data covering a large area. The Devono-Carboniferous sequence, resting unconformably on Caledonian basement, has shortened drastically, and the tectonic history can best be explained by a composite structural model. Continuous and discontinuous deformations took place in successive steps. A large anticline developed first. It evolved subsequently into either break-thrust or translated fault-propagation folds. Out-of-sequence thrusting by the Theux-Tunnel fault formed the Vesdre Nappe. The latter is the northern part of the Ardenne Allochthon. The main discrepancies with the ramp-flat thrust model are emphasized. Particularly, the Vesdre Nappe, which is the highest thrust sheet, is not the youngest event of deformation. Common elements of the Variscan Front Zone between northern France and western Germany are discussed. The Theux-Tunnel fault has the same kinematics significance as the Midi-Aachen fault. The footwall of the Vesdre Nappe is the eastward prolongation of the Brabant foreland. The complex structure of the Theux Window reflects imbrications under the allochthon and can be compared with other wedges and thrust sheets. Belgium
Palaeozoic m?
Helsen, S. 1995y Burial history of Palaeozoic strata in Belgium as revealed by conodont colour alteration data and thickness distributions 738-747 Geologische Rundschau 84 4| Belgium-; Brabant-Massif; burial-; Campine-; Carboniferous-; color-alteration-index; Conodonta-; deposition-; Devonian-; Dinant-Basin; Europe-; microfossils-; Namur-Basin; Namur-Belgium; P-T-conditions; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; provenance-; reconstruction-; Rocroi-Massif; sedimentation-; thermal-history; thickness-; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Sedimentary-petrology Burial history Belgium
Palaeozoic?
Henk, Andreas 1999 Did the Variscides collapse or were they torn apart?; a quantitative evaluation of the driving forces for postconvergent extension in central Europe 774-792 Tectonics 18 5 basins-; Central-Europe; crust-; data-processing; digital-simulation; Europe-; extension-tectonics; geodynamics-; geophysical-methods; geophysical-profiles; geophysical-surveys; Hercynian-Orogeny; lower-crust; magmatism-; mantle-; models-; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; plate-collision; plate-convergence; plate-tectonics; reflection-methods; sedimentary-basins; seismic-methods; seismic-profiles; surveys-; tectonics-; upper-mantle; upper-Paleozoic; Solid-earth-geophysics; Applied-geophysics Structural Geology Central Europe
Palaeozoic ? Leeder, M. R.
McMahon, A. H. 1988C Upper Carboniferous (Silesian) basin subsidence in northern Britain 43-52Y Sedimentation in a synorogenic basin complex; the Upper Carboniferous of Northwest Europe - Besly, B. M.
Kelling, G. Glasgow Blackie basalts-; basins-; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; England-; equations-; Europe-; evolution-; extension-tectonics; faults-; fluviodeltaic-sedimentation; flysch-; Great-Britain; igneous-rocks; intrusions-; northern-Great-Britain; Paleozoic-; plutons-; sedimentary-basins; sedimentary-rocks; Silesian-; structural-geology; subsidence-; tectonics-; thrust-faults; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; volcanic-rocks; Western-Europe; Structural-geology Structural Geology UK
Carboniferous
t ? * De Lugt, I. R.
van Wees, J. D.
Wong, T. E. 2003p The tectonic evolution of the southern Dutch North Sea during the Palaeogene; basin inversion in distinct pulses 141-159 Tectonophysics 373 Atlantic-Ocean; basin-analysis; basin-inversion; basins-; Broad-Fourteens-Basin; Cenozoic-; compression-; Cretaceous-; deformation-; Dongen-Formation; Eocene-; Europe-; eustacy-; extension-; faults-; geophysical-methods; geophysical-profiles; geophysical-surveys; Hercynian-Orogeny; inversion-tectonics; Landen-Formation; Laramide-Orogeny; Mesozoic-; Miocene-; Neogene-; Netherlands-; normal-faults; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; orogeny-; paleobathymetry-; Paleogene-; Pyrenean-Orogeny; reactivation-; reconstruction-; Rupel-Formation; sedimentary-basins; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; seismic-methods; seismic-profiles; stress-fields; subsidence-; surveys-; systems-; tectonics-; Tertiary-; well-logs; Western-Europe; Structural-geology; Applied-geophysics Structural Geologys In this paper, we discuss the response of a sedimentary basin to compressional reactivation of extensional faults in distinct pulses. The inversion of the Broad Fourteens Basin in the southern Dutch North Sea is used as a case study. The first pulse of inversion occurred during the Late Mesozoic as a result of the sub-Hercynean phase. A second pulse occurred during the Mid-Palaeocene Laramide phase. A final inversion pulse occurred around the Eocene-Oligocene boundary coinciding with the Pyrenean tectonic event. We reconstructed the stratigraphic and structural development of the area during the Palaeogene in detail. Basic data are two 2D-seismic surveys, supported by 74 geophysical wireline logs, on which newly constructed depth and thickness maps are based. The reconstruction is aided by a quantitative subsidence analysis. Cessation of compression resulted in relaxation and tensional reactivation of faults caused differential subsidence. Inheritance of geological structures is a key element in the tectonic activity in the Broad Fourteens Basin during the Palaeogene; tectonic movement during the Palaeogene was always accommodated by reactivation of Palaeozoic-Mesozoic faults. The intensity of inversion in the southern North Sea Basin during the Pyrenean phase appears much larger than previously noticed. Moreover, the area affected by the inversion is much wider than during previous phases. Minor differences in the direction of the local stress field between the tectonic phases and by the deposition of a thick sedimentary succession during the periods of tectonic quiescence between the inversion phases can account for this. Netherlands
Palaeogene ? ? Marton, Emo
Mansy Jean, Louis
Averbuch, Olivier
Csontos, Laszlo 2000i The Variscan Belt of northern France-southern Belgium; geodynamic implications of new palaeomagnetic data 57-80 Tectonophysics 324 1-2 allochthons-; Ardennes-; Ardennes-France; autochthons-; Belgium-; Boulonnais-; Brabant-Massif; Carboniferous-; demagnetization-; Devonian-; Dinantian-; Europe-; France-; geodynamics-; Givet-France; Hainaut-Belgium; Hercynian-Orogeny; magnetic-declination; magnetization-; northern-France; orogenic-belts; orogeny-; paleolatitude-; paleomagnetism-; Paleozoic-; Pas-de-Calais-France; remagnetization-; remanent-magnetization; southern-Belgium; tectonics-; Tournai-Belgium; Variscides-; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy; Structural-geology Structural Geology~ Palaeomagnetic investigations were carried out in Devonian-early Carboniferous rocks of the Variscan foreland chain of Northern France-Southern Belgium in order to reveal the origin of its arcuate shape. The Brabant Parautochthon was sampled in the Boulonnais (near Calais) and near Tournai, while the Ardenne Allochthon was sampled near Maubeuge and in the Givet area. All the sampled localities yielded characteristic remanent magnetization as a result of stepwise demagnetization and component analysis. Fold or tilt tests were possible for three localities, with negative results indicating pervasive remagnetization. The tectonic position was sub-horizontal at two localities, while the tilt was monoclinal for the rest. Therefore, the acquisition time of the magnetic signals was estimated by comparing the palaeolatitude computed from each magnetic component to the palaeolatitudes of Variscan Europe calculated after Van der Voo (1993). Three components showing: A, a southern B, a near-Equatorial, and C, a northern palaeolatitude are recognized from our data. Since a pre-Variscan age of component A (observed only in Boulonnais, at 10 sites) is not supported by data, it is assigned to an early phase of deformation. Component B (16 sites) was acquired during the peak of the Variscan tectonics (late Westphalian), while component C (five sites) originated during Permian times. Regardless of the palaeolatitudes, declinations fall between 190 and 210 degrees , thus being conformable with the declinations expected for Variscan Europe. The declinations show no correlation with the arcuate shape of the belt, neither are they different in the Paraauthochthon and in the Allochthon, nor in the different components. Arc formation by moulding of the Allochthon on the Brabant Parautochthon is, therefore, not supported by these data, since this mechanism requires substantial (opposed) rotations on both wings of the arc. The available palaeomagnetic data are conformable with a pre-formed arc, simply docking to the Brabant obstacle of similar shape. Variable offsets along a main thrust make possible a third model, which slightly unfolds the former passive arc. Western Europe
Palaeozoic 8 1
t)-3388078593/Marton et al (2000).pdf? ) Oncken, O.
von Winterfeld, C.
Dittmar, U. 1999y Accretion of a rifted passive margin; the late Paleozoic Rhenohercynian fold and thrust belt (middle European Variscides) 75-91 Tectonics 18 1w accretion-; Central-Europe; Europe-; fold-and-thrust-belts; geometry-; geophysical-methods; Germany-; kinematics-; lithofacies-; models-; Paleozoic-; passive-margins; plate-collision; plate-tectonics; reflection-methods; Rhenish-Schiefergebirge; Rhenohercynian-Belt; rifting-; seismic-methods; tectonic-wedges; tectonics-; upper-Paleozoic; Variscides-; Solid-earth-geophysics Structural Geology Europe
Carboniferous ? o Oudmayer, B. C.
de Jager, J. 1993= Fault reactivation and oblique-slip in the southern North Sea 1281-1290H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference 4 Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Atlantic-Ocean; basin-inversion; basins-; Carboniferous-; Cenozoic-; Cimmerian-; Cleaver-Bank-High; extension-faults; faults-; geophysical-methods; geophysical-profiles; geophysical-surveys; Jurassic-; Mesozoic-; Neogene-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; oblique-slip-faults; Paleozoic-; plate-tectonics; Pliocene-; reactivation-; reflection-methods; rifting-; sedimentary-basins; seismic-methods; seismic-profiles; southern-North-Sea; surveys-; Tertiary-; Upper-Carboniferous; Westphalian-; Structural-geology; Applied-geophysics Structural Geology Southern North Sea Generic
? Pearson, Mi.J.
Russell, M.A. 2000~ Subsidence and erosion in the Pennine Carboniferous basin, England; lithological and thermal constraints on maturity modelling 471-482" Journal of the Geological Society 157 Part 2 basins-; boreholes-; burial-; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; coal-; England-; Europe-; geochemical-indicators; geochemistry-; Great-Britain; heat-flow; hydrocarbons-; macerals-; organic-compounds; paleotemperature-; Paleozoic-; Pennines-; reflectance-; sedimentary-basins; sedimentary-rocks; shale-; steranes-; subsidence-; thermal-history; thermal-maturity; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; vitrinite-; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Stratigraphy; Sedimentary-petrology Burial history Forward modelling of maturity against vitrinite reflectance and chemical data for a number of onshore boreholes was used to test a range of subsidence and thermal histories for the Pennine Carboniferous Basin. The preferred models suggest maximum palaeotemperatures were reached during late Cretaceous or possibly early Tertiary burial, consistent with the outcome of previous apatite fission-track studies. Models in which maximum palaeotemperature was attained in the late Carboniferous are considered less likely: rapid burial under a normal heat flow requires an unrealistic thickness of missing late Westphalian strata, whilst high regional heat flow is incompatible with the observed vitrinite reflectance gradients. The lithologies assumed for missing strata have a significant influence on the range of estimates of eroded thicknesses. Preferred estimates of Cenozoic erosion range from around 1.6 km in Mesozoic basinal areas to around 2.8 km within areas of present Carboniferous outcrop. UK
Carboniferous D Hl (2000)-4227022593/Pearson & Russell (2000).pdf ? Pharaoh, T. C. 1999l Palaeozoic terranes and their lithospheric boundaries within the Trans-European suture zone (TESZ); a review 17-41 Tectonophysics 314 1-3 accretion-; Avalon-Zone; Baltica-; Bohemian-Massif; Central-Europe; continental-crust; crust-; delamination-; Dobruja-Basin; Europe-; EUROPROBE-; lineaments-; lithosphere-; mantle-; Moesian-Platform; Moldanubian-; Moravo-Silesian-Terrane; Paleozoic-; polyphase-processes; review-; Rhenohercynian-; Romania-; Romanian-Dobruja; Saxothuringian-; Southern-Europe; suture-zones; tectonics-; terranes-; Trans-European-suture-zone; upper-mantle; Variscides-; Structural-geology Structural GeologyG The Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) is a broad and complex zone of terrane accretion separating ancient lithosphere of the Baltic Shield and East European Craton (EEC) from the younger lithosphere of western and southern Europe. There is debate about the number of terranes involved, and their origins. The most significant terrane boundaries, originally oceanic sutures, are poorly exposed, and are defined using faunal provinciality. Prominent geophysical lineaments may represent sub-terrane boundaries within composite terranes. The Avalonia Composite Terrane was amalgamated to Baltica in latest Ordovician time. The provenance of the Malopolska and Moravo-Silesian terranes, whose Neoproterozoic basement is suspect with respect to Baltica, but with which they nonetheless share faunal affinities, is still debated. The extent of the Variscide Rhenohercynian Zone defines the southern limit of the early Palaeozoic-accreted terranes. Terranes within the Bohemian Massif exhibit HP metamorphism recording subduction-driven collision prior to incorporation in the TESZ collage, itself associated with a HP event. In Romania, the Saxothuringian Zone (and Rheic Suture) are directly juxtaposed with the EEC, and the crustal structure of the TESZ has been much modified by post-Palaeozoic tectonism. Deep seismic reflection data, where available, show that the oceanic sutures are frequently associated with inclined reflectivity zones (IRZ) in the lithospheric mantle, here inferred to mark relict subduction zones. Interpreting the age of subduction is complicated by offset of originally coplanar mantle and crustal segments of the IRZ, resulting from early orogenic lithospheric delamination at the Moho interface and/or post-orogenic "reordering" processes. The mantle IRZ appear to indicate a N-directed polarity for early Palaeozoic subduction, apparently incompatible with the geological evidence, which indicates subduction of the Tornquist Sea beneath Avalonia, and a large amount of underthrusting of Avalonia by Baltica. Possible explanations for these apparently incompatible observations are evaluated. Europe
Palaeozoic 0 &x56610049/Pharaoh (1999).pdf ? Plesch, A.
Oncken, O. 1999 Orogenic wedge growth during collision; constraints on mechanics of a fossil wedge from its kinematic record (Rhenohercynian FTB, Central Europe) 117-139 Tectonophysics 309 1-4" boundary-conditions; Central-Europe; crust-; deformation-; Europe-; fold-and-thrust-belts; Germany-; kinematics-; mechanics-; metamorphism-; orogeny-; plate-collision; plate-tectonics; Rhenohercynian-; tectonic-wedges; tectonics-; tectonostratigraphic-units; Variscides-; Structural-geology Structural Geology The kinematic evolution of the Rhenohercynian fold-and-thrust belt of, the Central-European Variscides can be reconstructed from incremental strain and palaeostress data, synkinematic metamorphism, geochronology, synorogenic sediments, and the geometry of shortening. This data set allows to infer the mechanical development with respect to the Mohr-Coloumb theory of critically tapered orogenic wedges. Growth of the Rhenohercynian orogenic wedge was kinematically partitioned into a broad orogen-normal moving and a narrow obliquely moving domain. The ratio of the final widths of these domains varies from 1.6 to 2.3. This low ratio indicates strong basal coupling. Growth averages are 14 km/Ma of shortening and a strain rate of 6X10 (super -16) s (super -1) . The mode of mass transfer from lower to upper plate, which controlled the accretion geometry and the particle paths, evolved in the long term from dominantly basal to frontal accretion. This evolution was accompanied by a decrease in taper from precollisional 18 degrees -28 degrees to final 5 degrees -8 degrees . 4-6 accretionary subsystems assemble the wedge. Each is characterised by a sequence of basal to frontal accretion, both rooting in a common detachment. The development of the subsystems is supported by the observation of stepwise migration of a foreland-bulge ponding flysch subbasins. These features imply shorter termed (ca. 2 Ma) cyclic mass transfer above a high friction detachment with episodes of basal accretion followed by episodes of a quickly forward-propagating thrust front. Transfer of the basal detachment from ductile mid-crustal to brittle conditions via a crustal ramp and particle flow across the ramp provoked large-scale adjustment of wedge geometry. Internal wedge thickening is spatially and chronologically related to the formation of the ramp and was supported by surficial erosion of ca. 3 kbar for keeping a critical taper. Three growth stages of the wedge can be reconstructed. The high taper of the precollisional stage plots in the tectonically erosive field in a taper-stability diagram. Then taper decreases to 10 degrees after emplacement of a flysch nappe stack. During the final stage of contraction an eastern and a western branch develop with geometries fluctuating around a critically stable state. The two branches link with differences in large-scale wedge architecture, bulk contraction, and detachment geometry, the latter being controlled by the former basin geometry. Europe
Carboniferous I?P Leckie, G.G.
Chew, K.J. 19915 The discovered hydrocarbon reserves of western Europe 1-23@ Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons 1
Spencer, A.M. BerlinJ Special Publication of the European Association of Petroleum Geoscientists Petroleum Geology Western Europe Generic < D d 91)-2131269890/Leckie & Chew (1991).tif $?Q L Klinkby, L.
Kristensen, L.
Nielsen, E.B.
Zinck-Jørgensen, K.
Stemmerik, L. 2005o Mapping and characterization of thin chalk reservoirs using data integration: the Kraka Field, Danish North Sea 113-124 Petroleum Geoscience 11 Petroleum Geology Denmark
Cretaceous < 5 05)-2589670656/Klinkby et al. (2005).pdf ?R Klett, T.R.
Gautier, D.L. 2005- Reserve growth in oil fields of the North Sea 179-190 Petroleum Geoscience 11 Petroleum Geology North Sea Generic DOI: 10.1144/1354-079304-620 @ + 4h2005)-3428832000/Klett & Gautier (2005).pdf V?S Aase, N.E.
Walderhaug, O. 2005 The effect of hydrocarbons on quartz cementation: diagenesis in the Upper Jurassic sandstones of the Miller Field, North Sea, revisited 215-223 Petroleum Geoscience 11 3J Miller Field, diagenesis, porosity,hydrocarbon effect, microquartz coating
Diagenesis UK North Sea Jurassic D g (2005)-3929049856/Aase & Walderhaug (2005).pdf?T H Toublanc, A.
Renaud, S.
Sylte, J.E.
Clausen, C.K.
Eiben, T.
Nådland, G. 2005T Ekofisk Field: fracture permeability evaluation and implementation in the flow model 321-330 Petroleum Geoscience 11 Petroleum Geology Norway
Cretaceous @ ( ?005)-0191274240/Toublanc et al. (2005).pdf
?U 5 Fichler, C,
Henriksen, S.
Rueslaatten, H.
Hovland, M. 2005o North Sea Quaternary morphology from seismic and magnetic data: indications for gas hydrates during glaciation? 331-337 Petroleum Geoscience 11 Petroleum Geology North Sea
Quaternary < A a005)-1181316096/Fichler et al (2005).pdf?X Ribbert, K.-H. 1998v Die devonische Carbonatfazies und die Honseler Fazies im Bereich der Krefelder Aschenaufwölbung und ihrer Randgebiete 109-1398 Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen 37 Carbonate sedimentology Germany Devonian ?Y " Neumann-Mahlkau, P.
Ribbert, K.-H. 1998? Die Konglomerate der Givet-Stufe östlich des Brabanter Massivs 393-4218 Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen 37 Clastic sedimentology Germany Devonianf? ! $ Pysklywec, R. N.
Mitrovica, Jerry X. 2000t Mantle dynamics and the formation of large-scale intra-cratonic basins; modeling results and geological case studies 25 Africa-; basins-; continental-margin; continents-; convection-; dynamics-; epeirogeny-; intracratonic-basins; Karroo-Basin; lower-Mesozoic; mantle-; mantle-plumes; Mesozoic-; models-; numerical-models; Paleozoic-; Parana-Basin; plate-tectonics; simulation-; slabs-; South-Africa; South-America; Southern-Africa; subduction-; subsidence-; uplifts-; upper-Paleozoic; Solid-earth-geophysics Structural Geology Generic Generic 3? Drozdzewski, G. 1985/ Tiefentectonik der Ibbenbürener Karbon-Scholle 189-216C Beiträge zur Tiefentectonik westdeutscher Steinkohlenlagerstätten -- Drozdzewski, G.
Engel, H.
Wolf, R.
Wrede, V. Krefeld Geol. L.-Amt Nordrh.-Westf. Structural Geology Germany
Carboniferous ? Thiadens, A. A. 1963! The Palaeozoic of the Netherlands 28` Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie Delft KNGMG Carboniferous-; coal-; Europe-; historical-geology; Netherlands-; organic-residues; Paleozoic-; Permian-; sedimentary-rocks; Western-Europe; Economic-geology-of-energy-sources GeologyB The oldest Paleozoic rocks known to occur in the Netherlands are subsurface lower Carboniferous Visean marine deposits. Upper Carboniferous deposits, including Westphalian coal measures, are more widely developed, and Permian deposits (Rotliegendes and Zechstein) have been encountered in many borings. Intrusive rocks, probably post-Paleozoic, have also been found in some of the borings. The subsurface sections at various localities are described, and data on thickness variations, volatile content, and the nature of the surface of the Carboniferous deposits are summarized. Netherlands
Palaeozoic ?
Riding, R. 1974 Model of the Hercynian foldbelt 125-135# Earth and Planetary Science Letters 24 1[ Allegheny-Group; Carboniferous-; continental-drift; Devonian-; Europe-; extent-; fold-belts; Hercynian-; Mauritanian-; mechanism-; Middle-Pennsylvanian; models-; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; Pangaea-; Pennsylvanian-; plate-tectonics; reconstruction-; structural-geology; structure-; tectonics-; tectonophysics-; upper-Paleozoic; west-; Structural-geology Structural Geology Europe
Carboniferous 0 0
98145589/Riding (1974).pdf t ? . Rijkers, R.
Duin, E.
Dusar, M.
Langenaeker, V. 1993B Crustal structure of the London-Brabant Massif, southern North Sea 569-574 Geological Magazine 130 5 Anglo-Brabant-Massif; Atlantic-Ocean; Belgium-; Brabant-Massif; Broad-Fourteens-Basin; Caledonian-Orogeny; crust-; deep-seismic-sounding; England-; Europe-; European-Atlantic; Great-Britain; Hercynian-Orogeny; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; southeastern-England; southern-North-Sea; United-Kingdom; West-Netherlands-Basin; Western-Europe; Structural-geology; Applied-geophysics Structural Geology Southern North Sea Generic ? Abbink, O.A. 1998D Palynological investigations in the Jurassic of the North Sea region 192 Utrecht Utrecht University
Palaeontology NL North Sea Jurassico? % Rijkers, Richard H. B.
Duin, Ed J. T. 1994b Crustal observations beneath the southern North Sea and their tectonic and geological implications 215-224 Tectonophysics 240 1-4Y Atlantic-Ocean; basins-; Belgium-; Brabant-Massif; Broad-Fourteens-Basin; crust-; deep-seismic-sounding; Europe-; extension-; lower-crust; Mesozoic-; Mohorovicic-discontinuity; Netherlands-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; seismic-stratigraphy; tectonic-elements; tectonics-; thickness-; West-Netherlands-Basin; Western-Europe; Solid-earth-geophysics Structural Geology In 1991, a deep seismic reflection line, MPNI-9101, was acquired in the southern North Sea from the Mesozoic Broad Fourteens Basin, across the West Netherlands Basin onto the London-Brabant Massif (LBM). The resultant section shows a strongly reflective lower crust beneath the area of Mesozoic basin development. This lower crustal reflectivity continues to be strong beneath the LBM. The travel time to the base of the reflective zone increases from approximately 11.0 s beneath the Mesozoic basins to 12.5 s beneath the LBM, suggesting a southward thickening of the crust (Rijkers et al., 1993). Based on these travel times and information from deep wells and refraction surveys, Moho depth is estimated to increase from about 31 km beneath the Mesozoic basins to about 38 km beneath the LBM. This difference in depth to the Moho can partly be explained by coaxial stretching of the crust beneath the Mesozoic basins. In comparison with the Mesozoic basins, the crust beneath the LBM was thickened during the Caledonian and Variscan orogenies. Southern North Sea Generic ? Schroot, B. M.
de Haan, H. B. 2003| An improved regional structural model of the Upper Carboniferous of the Cleaver Bank High based on 3D seismic interpretation 23-37: New Insights into Structural Interpretation and Modelling. 212 Nieuwland, D.A. London' Geological Society Special Publications\ Atlantic-Ocean; basins-; Caledonian-Orogeny; Carboniferous-; Cleaver-Bank-High; compression-; deformation-; extrusion-tectonics; facies-; faults-; folds-; geophysical-methods; geophysical-surveys; Hercynian-Orogeny; Mesozoic-; models-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; orogeny-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; Permian-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; plate-tectonics; reflection-methods; Rotliegendes-; sedimentary-rocks; seismic-methods; seismic-stratigraphy; shear-zones; surveys-; systems-; three-dimensional-methods; Upper-Carboniferous; well-logging; Westphalian-; Structural-geology; Applied-geophysics
Geophysics The use of 4500 km (super 2) of amalgamated 3D seismic surveys allowed for an improved intra-Carboniferous seismic interpretation of the Dutch Cleaver Bank High, which is part of the Southern North Sea Carboniferous Basin. The observations of faults that were active during the Late Carboniferous are reviewed in the context of what is described in literature about the regional structural framework of the basin. The high quality seismic data show at least three distinct fault trends, namely east-west, NE-SW and NW-SE, active before Rotliegend times. All of these trends are inherited from older existing zones of weakness, and furthermore, all three trends have been reactivated again during the Mesozoic or Cenozoic to some extent. The interpretation of major controlling east-west shear zones that have been reactivated in different senses throughout geological history is the result of careful examination of the data. The dominance of such systems is not obvious on simple fault maps. Their role in the regional plate tectonics fits the model of escape tectonics of the North Sea-Baltic plate. The distinction of different styles of Late Carboniferous normal fault systems results in a better understanding of the different tectonic phases during the period from Westphalian D to Autunian. NL North Sea
Carboniferous D H
hn (2003)-1410524168/Schroot & de Haan (2003).pdfy? ! Sclater, J. G.
Christie, P. A. F. 1980k Continental stretching; an explanation of the post-Mid-Cretaceous subsidence of the central North Sea basin 3711-3739 Journal of Geophysical Research 85 B7d Atlantic-Ocean; basins-; Cenozoic-; compaction-; continental-crust; Cretaceous-; crust-; extension-; grabens-; heat-flow; lithosphere-; Mesozoic-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; paleogeography-; petroleum-; porosity-; sedimentary-basins; sedimentary-rocks; subsidence-; tectonophysics-; tension-; Tertiary-; thickness-; Upper-Cretaceous; Solid-earth-geophysics Structural Geology Central North Sea
Cretaceous? Besly, B. M.
Fielding, C.R. 1989Z Palaeosols in Westphalian coal-bearing and red-bed sequences, central and northern England 303-3302 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 70 4 Amsterdam Clastic sedimentology UK
Carboniferous D
^g (1989)-3455299891/Besley & Fielding (1989).pdf ?
Bridge, J. S. 1984> Large-scale facies sequences in alluvial overbank environments 583-588! Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 54 Clastic sedimentology Generic Generic ( ? Bridge, J.S. 1993i The interaction between channel geometry, water flow, sediment transport and deposition in braided rivers 13-72 Braided Rivers 75 Best, J.L.
Bristow, C.S. London& Geological Society Special Publication Clastic sedimentology Generic GenericS?
< Freudenberg, U.
Lou, S.
Schlüter, R.
Schütz, K.
Thomas, K. 1996S Main factors controlling coalbed methane distribution in the Ruhr District, Germany 165-179 Coalbed Methane and Coal Geology 109 Gayer, R.
Harris, I. London& Geological Society Special Publication Petroleum Geology Germany
Carboniferous =? Bridge, J. S.
Mackey, S.D. 19938 A theoretical study of fluvial sandstone body dimensions 213-236- Geological modeling of hydrocarbon reservoirs 15 Flint, S.S.
Bryant, I.D. -B International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication Clastic sedimentology Generic GenericN? Sintubin, M. 1999{ Arcuate fold and cleavage patterns in the southeastern part of the Anglo-Brabant fold belt (Belgium); tectonic implications 81-97 Tectonophysics 309 1-4/ Acadian-Phase; Anglo-Brabant-Massif; arcuate-structures; Belgium-; Brabant-Massif; Caledonian-Orogeny; Caledonides-; Europe-; EUROPROBE-; field-studies; fold-belts; folds-; kinematics-; metamorphism-; orogeny-; outcrops-; Paleozoic-; regional-metamorphism; tectonics-; Western-Europe; Structural-geology Structural Geology) The Brabant Massif (Belgium) is situated at the southeastern extremity of the Anglo-Brabant Fold Belt, the predominantly concealed eastern branch of the British-Belgian Caledonides. In contrast to the other parts of this Caledonian slate belt, the deformation history in the Brabant Massif has to date never been constrained properly. In this paper a synthesis is presented of the structural observations in the limited outcrop area of the Brabant Massif, in particular with respect to cleavage and fold trajectories and mutual cleavage-fold relationships. Arcuate fold and cleavage patterns, as well as the presence of cleavage-transected folds are demonstrated, similar to the other parts of the belt. Moreover, the arcuate trajectories are considered to reflect the trace of the Caledonian deformation front, once obscured by the Variscan Ardenne Allochthon. Combined with interpretations of the aeromagnetic and Bouguer anomaly maps, an overall kinematic model is proposed for the Acadian deformation event in the Brabant Massif. With the proposed model, calling upon processes of indentation by promontories and lateral escape of lithostructural domains, as well as on the control exerted by rigid granitoid basement blocks, the strong similarities with the other parts of the British-Belgian Caledonides become apparent. By defining an overall shortening direction and proposing a trace for the Caledonian deformation front in this southeastern extremity of the Anglo-Brabant Fold Belt, an integrated tectonic image is obtained for the entire British-Belgian Caledonides. Belgium
Palaeozoic 4 h }h0733342470/Sintubin (1999).PDF L ?`
Neal, J.E. 1996R A summary of Paleogene sequence stratigraphy in northwest Europe and the North Sea 15-426 Correlation of the Early Paleogene in Northwest Europe 101+ Knox, R. W. O'B.
Corfield, R.M.
Dunay, R.E. London& Geological Society Special Publication Stratigraphy Northwest Europe
Palaeogene ?b
Quitzow, H.W. 1966J Geologische und bergbauliche Übersicht des rheinischen Braunkohlenreviers 22 Krefeld* Geologischen Landesamt Nordrhein-Westfalen Geology Germany Cenozoic ?c Goulty, N.R. 2001^ Polygonal fault networks in fine-grained sediments - an alternative to the syneresis mechanism 69-73 First Break 19 2 Structural Geology Generic Generic 0 =D x90059828/Goulty (2001).pdf ?d
Michelsen, O. 1994p Stratigraphic correlation of the Danish onshore and offshore Tertiary successions based on sequence stratigraphy 145-161- Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 41 Stratigraphy Denmark Cenozoic ?e Dusar, M.
Houlleberghs, E. 1981S De steenkool verkenningsboring van Neerglabbeek (Boring 146 van het Kempens bekken) Unknown Annalen der Mijnen van België 11 Stratigraphy Belgium
Carboniferous ?f
Sun Fan, L.
Maes, E. 1990 Well Molenbeersel 4 Brussel Geologische Dienst België Stratigraphy Belgium Mesozoic ?g Gulinck, M. 1965< Aperçu Général sur les dépôts Éocènes de la Belgique 222-227. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 7 Geology Belgium
Palaeogene >? Stampfli, G.M.
Borel, G.D. 2002 A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrons 17-33# Earth and Planetary Science Letters 196 1-2 Alpine-Orogeny; Alps-; buoyancy-; Cimmerian-Orogeny; continental-drift; crust-; data-processing; digital-simulation; Europe-; geodynamics-; Hercynian-Orogeny; IGCP-; isochrons-; kinematics-; Mediterranean-region; Mesozoic-; models-; oceanic-crust; orogeny-; paleo-oceanography; Paleozoic-; plate-boundaries; plate-tectonics; sea-floor-spreading; slabs-; Tethys-; Solid-earth-geophysics Structural Geology We developed a plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic (Ordovician to Cretaceous) integrating dynamic plate boundaries, plate buoyancy, ocean spreading rates and major tectonic and magmatic events. Plates were constructed through time by adding/removing oceanic material, symbolized by synthetic isochrons, to major continents and terranes. Driving forces like slab pull and slab buoyancy were used to constrain the evolution of paleo-oceanic domains. This approach offers good control of sea-floor spreading and plate kinematics. This new method represents a distinct departure from classical continental drift reconstructions, which are not constrained, due to the lack of plate boundaries. This model allows a more comprehensive analysis of the development of the Tethyan realm in space and time. In particular, the relationship between the Variscan and the Cimmerian cycles in the Mediterranean-Alpine realm is clearly illustrated by numerous maps. For the Alpine cycle, the relationship between the Alpides senso stricto and the Tethysides is also explicable in terms of plate tectonic development of the Alpine Tethys-Atlantic domain versus the NeoTethys domain. Generic Generic D (2002)-1073074689/Stampfli & Borel (2002).pdf ?8 # Schroot, B.M.
Schüttenhelm, R.T.E. 20037 Expressions of shallow gas in the Netherlands North Sea 91-105" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 82 1 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Cenozoic P
& lenhelm (2003)-0846054151/Schroot & Schuttenhelm (2003).pdf ?9 Coulter, G.R.
Purvio, S.B. 19832 Successful stimulation practices. Offshore Holland 1211-1218 Journal of Petroleum Technology 34 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic S
? [ Van Grootel, G.
Verniers, J.
Geerkens, B.
Laduron, D.
Verhaeren, M.
Hertogen, J.
De Vos, W. 1997j Timing of magmatism, foreland basin development, metamorphism and inversion in the Anglo-Brabant fold belt 607-616 Geological Magazine 134 5 Acadian-Phase; Anglia-Basin; Anglo-Brabant-Belt; basin-inversion; Belgium-; biostratigraphy-; Brabant-Massif; Chitinozoa-; clay-minerals; deformation-; Devonian-; Dinant-Basin; Eifelian-; Europe-; EUROPROBE-; forelands-; illite-; illite-crystallinity; magmas-; magmatism-; metamorphism-; microfossils-; Middle-Devonian; Namur-Belgium; Ordovician-; Paleozoic-; palynomorphs-; sheet-silicates; silicates-; stratigraphy-; structural-geology; subduction-; subsidence-; uplifts-; Upper-Ordovician; Western-Europe; Structural-geology; Stratigraphy Structural Geology Belgium
Palaeozoic H Ral. (1997)-3926498617/Van Grootel et al. (1997).pdf ? Coleman, J.M.
Prior, D.B. 1982 Deltaic environments 139-178# Sandstone Depositional Environments - Scholle, P.A.
Spearing, D. Tulsa- American Association of Petroleum Geologists Clastic sedimentology Generic Generic ? David, F. 1990Q Sedimentologie und Beckenanalyse im Westfal C und D des nordwestdeutschen Beckens -Y Deutsche Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft für Erdöl, Erdgas und Kohle e.V., DGMK-Bericht 384-3 Clastic sedimentology Germany
Carboniferous ?
5 Den Hartog Jager, D.G.
Boekelman, W.
Mijnlieff, H.F. 1993; Regional geology of the Carboniferous in the NE Netherlands - - 24929 Assen' Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij (NAM) Geology - Netherlands
Carboniferous5 ? o C Hampson, G.J.
Davies, S.J.
Elliott, T.
Flint, S.S.
Stollhofen, H. 1999 Incised valley fill sandstone bodies in Upper Carboniferous fluvio-deltaic strata: recognition and reservoir characterization of Southern North Sea analogues 771-788H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 5th Conference - Fleet, A.J.
Boldy, S.A.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology North Sea
Carboniferous ?
' Hampson, G.J.
Stollhofen, H.
Flint, S. 1999y A sequence stratigraphic model for the Lower Coal Measures (Upper Carboniferous) of the Ruhr district, north-west Germany
1199-1231 Sedimentology 46 Stratigraphy Germany
Carboniferous6? = Hedemann, H.-A.
Schuster, A.
Stancu-Kristoff, G.
Lösch, J. 1984m Die Verbreitung der Kohlenflöze des Oberkarbons in Nordwest-deutschland und ihre stratigraphische Einstufung 39-888 Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen 32 Palaeogeography Germany
Carboniferous c
? Y Jones, N.S.
Glover, B.W. 2005 Fluvial sandbody architecture, cyclicity and sequence stratigraphical setting – implications for hydrocarbon reservoirs: the Westphalian C and D of the Osnabrϋck and Ibbenbϋren area, northwest Germany 57-74X Carboniferous hydrocarbon geology - The southern North Sea and surrounding onshore areas 77 Collinson, J.D.
Evans, D.J.
Holliday, D.W.
Jones, N.S. -3 Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional Publication Petroleum Geology Germany
Carboniferous @ =
l`(2005)-0792392706/Jones & Glover (2005).pdf ]?
Kraus, M.J.
Aslan, A. 1999G Palaeosol sequences in floodplain environments: a hierarchical approach 303-321A Palaeoweathering, Palaeosurfaces and Related Continental Deposits 27 Thiry, M.
Simon-Coicon, R. -A International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication Clastic sedimentology Generic Generic ? " Lunt, I.A.
Bridge, J.S.
Tye, R.S. 2004B A quantitative, three-dimensional model of gravelly braided rivers 377-414
Sedimentology 51 Clastic sedimentology Generic Generic -? C Menning, M.
Weyer, D.
Drozdzewski, G.
van Amerom, H.W.J.
Wendt, I. 2000 A Carboniferous Time Scale 2000: discussion and use of geological parameters as time indicators from Central and Western Europe 3-44! Geologisches Jahrbuch Hannover A 156 Stratigraphy Europe Genericd ? Quirk, D.G.
Aitken, J.F. 1997O The structure of the Westphalian in the northern part of the southern North Sea 143-152= Petroleum Geology of the Southern North Sea: Future Potential 123# Ziegler, K.
Turner, P.
Daines, S.R. London& Geological Society Special Publication Structural Geology Southern North Sea
Carboniferous? Van Wees, J. D.
Stephenson, R. A.
Ziegler, P. A.
Bayer, U.
McCann, T.
Dadlez, R.
Gaupp, R.
Narkiewicz, M.
Bitzer, F.
Scheck, M. 2000; On the origin of the Southern Permian Basin, Central Europe 43-59 Marine and Petroleum Geology 17 1 Broad-Fourteens-Basin; Central-Europe; depositional-environment; Europe-; extension-tectonics; faults-; intracontinental-basins; Mohorovicic-discontinuity; Northeastern-German-Plain; Northwestern-German-Plain; Paleozoic-; Permian-; plate-tectonics; Polish-Lowland; rifting-; Rotliegendes-; southern-Permian-Basin; subsidence-; tectonics-; thickness-; Upper-Permian; wrench-faults; Zechstein-; Structural-geology Structural Geology Central Europe Permian @ h000)-3500662016/Van Wees et al. (2000).pdf Z? Vercoutere, C.
van den Haute, P. 1993f Post-Palaeozoic cooling and uplift of the Brabant Massif as revealed by apatite fission track analysis 639-646 Geological Magazine 130 5e apatite-; Belgium-; Brabant-Massif; Caledonian-Orogeny; Carboniferous-; Cimmerian-Orogeny; cooling-; Dinant-Basin; Europe-; fission-track-dating; geochronology-; Hercynian-Orogeny; igneous-rocks; Jurassic-; Mesozoic-; Namur-Belgium; Paleozoic-; phosphates-; sedimentary-rocks; uplifts-; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Geochronology; Structural-geology Structural Geology Belgium Mesozoic /?
De Vos, W. 1997j Influence of the granitic batholith of Flanders on Acadian and later deformation (Brabant Massif, Belgium) 49-52 Aardkundige Mededelingen 8P Acadian-; Alpine-Orogeny; batholiths-; Belgium-; Brabant-Massif; Cambrian-; deformation-; Europe-; Flanders-Batholith; granites-; gravity-anomalies; Hercynian-Orogeny; igneous-rocks; intrusions-; magmas-; Middle-Cambrian; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; plate-tectonics; plutonic-rocks; subduction-; tectonics-; Western-Europe; Structural-geology Structural Geology Belgium Generic >? ) Waters, C. N.
Glover, B. W.
Powell, J. H. 1994i Structural synthesis of S Staffordshire, UK; implications for the Variscan evolution of the Pennine Basin 697-713" Journal of the Geological Society 151 Part 4) basement-; Carboniferous-; deformation-; England-; Europe-; faults-; Great-Britain; Hercynian-Orogeny; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; Pennine-Basin; reverse-faults; Staffordshire-England; Stephanian-; strike-slip-faults; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Structural-geology Structural Geology UK
Carboniferous ? Weber, Klaus 1984j Variscan events; early Palaeozoic continental rift metamorphism and the late Palaeozoic crustal shortening 3-22/ Variscan Tectonics of the North Atlantic Region 14 Hutton, D.H.W. London' Geological Society Special PublicationsD absolute-age; alkaline-earth-metals; basement-; Caledonian-Orogeny; Central-Europe; continental-rift; crustal-shortening; dates-; Europe-; geochronology-; geodynamics-; Germany-; Hercynian-Orogeny; isotopes-; lithosphere-; lower-Paleozoic; metals-; metamorphic-rocks; metamorphism-; Moldanubian-; nappes-; Paleozoic-; plate-tectonics; processes-; Rb-Sr; Rhenish-Schiefergebirge; Rhenohercynian-; rifting-; Saxothuringian-; Sr-87-Sr-86; stable-isotopes; stratigraphic-boundary; strontium-; structural-geology; tectonics-; upper-Paleozoic; zoning-; Structural-geology; Geochronology Structural Geology Europe
Palaeozoicw? - Wilcox, Ronald E.
Harding, T. P.
Seely, D. R. 1973 Basic Wrench Tectonics 74-965 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 57 1 En-echelon; experimental-studies; faults-; folds-; models-; patterns-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; possibilities-; systems-; traps-; wrench-; Structural-geology Structural Geology Generic Generic :?N
Verbeek, J.W. 1986 Calcareous nannoplanktan at the Cretaceous Tertiary boundary in the region near Maastricht in the province of Limburg (The Netherlands) 357-365E Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen 89
Palaeontology Netherlands Cretaceous; Palaeogene
? o Williams, G. D. 19939 Structural models for the evolution of the North Sea area 1083-1093H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference 4 Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Structural Geology North Sea Generic 4 | l8-1206228490/Williams (1993).pdf o? Wrede, V. 1987_ Der Einfluss des Brabanter Massivs auf die Tektonik des Aachener-Erkelenzer Steinkohlengebietes 177-192/ Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie 1987 3v Aachen-Erkelenz-District; Belgium-; Brabant-Massif; Central-Europe; coal-; coal-fields; cratons-; displacements-; economic-geology; Europe-; evolution-; faults-; Germany-; Hercynian-Orogeny; North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany; organic-residues; orogeny-; overthrust-faults; Rhine-Westphalian-Basin; sedimentary-rocks; tectonics-; West-Germany; Western-Europe; Structural-geology Structural Geology Germany
Carboniferous k
? Ziegler, P.A.
Cloetingh, S. 20048 Dynamic processes controlling evolution of rifted basins 1-50 Earth-Science Reviews 64 1-2 basins-; bibliography-; crust-; dynamics-; extension-; lithosphere-; magmatism-; plate-tectonics; review-; rheology-; rifting-; shear-; strain-; stress-; subsidence-; Solid-earth-geophysics Structural Geology The extension of the lithosphere, controlling the development of rifted basins, is driven by a combination of plate-boundary forces, frictional forces exerted on the base of the lithosphere by the convecting asthenosphere and deviatoric tensional stresses developing over upwelling branches of the asthenospheric convection system. Although mantle plumes are not a primary driving force of rifting, they play an important secondary role by weakening the lithosphere and by controlling the level of rift-related volcanic activity. A distinction between "active" and "passive" rifting is only conditionally justified. The extension of the lithosphere, depending on its rate and magnitude, and the potential temperature of the asthenosphere, can cause by adiabatic decompression partial melting of the lower lithosphere and upper asthenosphere. In rift systems, the level and timing of volcanic activity is highly variable. The lack of volcanic activity implies "passive" rifting. An initial "passive" rifting stage can be followed by a more "active" one during which magmatism plays an increasingly important role. Magmatic destabilization of the Moho may account for the frequently observed discrepancy between upper and lower crustal extension factors. Combined with evidence for thermal thinning of the mantle-lithosphere, this suggest that the volume of the lithosphere is not necessarily preserved during rifting as advocated by conventional stretching models. The structural style of rifts is controlled by the rheological structure of the lithosphere, the availability of crustal discontinuities that can be tensionally reactivated, the mode (orthogonal or oblique) and amount of extension, and the lithological composition of pre- and syn-rift sediments. Simple-shear extension prevails in rifts that subparallel the structural grain of the basement. Pure-shear extension is typical for rifts cross-cutting the basement grain. Pre-existing crustal and mantle-lithospheric discontinuities contribute to the localization of rift systems. The duration of the rifting stage of extensional basins is highly variable. Stress field changes can cause abrupt termination of rifting. In major rift systems, progressive strain concentration on the zone of future crustal separation entails abandonment of lateral rifts. Depending on constraints on lateral block movements, crustal separation can be achieved after as little as 9 My and as much as 280 My of rifting activity. Syn-rift basin subsidence is controlled by isostatic adjustment of the crust to mechanical stretching of the lithosphere, its magmatic inflation and thermal attenuation of the mantle-lithosphere. Post-rift basin subsidence is governed by thermal reequilibration of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system. Deep-seated thermal anomalies related to syn-rift pull-up of the asthenosphere-lithosphere boundary have decayed after 60 My by about 65% and after 180 My by about 95%. The magnitude of post-rift subsidence is a function of the rift-induced thermal anomaly and crustal density changes, the potential temperature of the asthenosphere and initial water depths. Intraplate stresses can have an overprinting effect on post-rift subsidence. Stretching factors derived from post-rift subsidence analyses must be corrected for such effects. Generic Generic H , ngh (2004)-0251564545/Ziegler & Cloetingh (2004).pdf q? L Ziegler, P. A.
Schumacher, M. E.
Dèzes, P.
van Wees, J. D.
Cloetingh, Sierd 2006[ Post-Variscan evolution of the lithosphere in the area of the European Cenozoic rift system 97-112# Geological Society, London, Memoirs 32 Carboniferous-; Cenozoic-; crustal-thinning; DEKORP-; depth-; ECRIS-; Europe-; faults-; Hercynian-Orogeny; lithosphere-; Mohorovicic-discontinuity; orogeny-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; Permian-; plate-tectonics; Rhine-Valley; rifting-; subsidence-; Solid-earth-geophysics Structural Geology6 The European Cenozoic Rift System (ECRIS) transects Variscan basement, Permo-Carboniferous troughs and Late Permian to Mesozoic series, deposited in thermal sag basins, which are exposed on rift-related arches. We have analysed processes governing the transformation of the orogenically destabilized Variscan lithosphere into end-Cretaceous stabilized cratonic lithosphere, prior to its renewed Cenozoic rift-related destabilization. In the ECRIS area, crustal and lithospheric thicknesses at present are in the range of 24-35 km and 60-120 km, respectively. The Variscan orogen was characterized at the time of its end-Westphalian consolidation by 45-60 km deep crustal roots, marking major sutures. During the Stephanian-Early Permian wrench-induced collapse of the Variscan orogen, subducted lithospheric slabs were detached, causing upwelling of the asthenosphere, thermal thinning and/or partial delamination of the lithospheric mantle, and regional uplift. By mid-Permian times, the crust was thinned to 28-35 km owing to its regional erosional unroofing, localized mechanical stretching and the interaction of mantle-derived melts with its basal parts. By mid-Permian times, when the temperature of the asthenosphere returned to ambient levels, thermal subsidence of the lithosphere commenced, controlling development of a system of Late Permian and Mesozoic intracratonic basins. These experienced repeated minor subsidence accelerations, related to the build-up of far-field stresses, which did not involve renewed lithospheric destabilization. Modelling of observed subsidence curves indicates that during the mid-Permian lithospheric thicknesses ranged in the ECRIS area between 40 and 80 km, but had increased by the end of the Cretaceous to 100-120 km. Cenozoic rifting and mantle-plume activity caused renewed lithospheric thinning. Western Europe Cenozoic < @ 06)-3920882688/Ziegler et al. (2006).pdfv? S Dreesen, Roland
Bossiroy, Dominique
Dusar, Michiel
Flores Romeo, M.
Verkaeren, Paul 1995 Overview of the influence of syn-sedimentary tectonics and palaeo-fluvial systems on coal seam and sand body characteristics in the Westphalian C strata, Campine Basin, Belgium 215-232 European Coal Geology 82 1 Whateley, M.K.G
Spears, D.A. London' Geological Society Special Publications Belgium-; Campine-Basin; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; coal-; coal-exploration; coal-seams; correlation-; depositional-environment; Europe-; fluvial-environment; lithologic-controls; organic-residues; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; sequence-stratigraphy; structural-controls; synsedimentary-processes; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Structural Geology Belgium
Carboniferous @ = 1995)-2519314745/Dreesen et al. (1995).pdf @? Kosters, M.
Donselaar, M. E. 2003 Syn-sedimentary faulting and the formation of localized reservoir sands; Carboniferous examples from the Campine Basin, Belgium and the Dutch offshore 309-319 Petroleum Geoscience 9 4 Atlantic-Ocean; Belgium-; Caister-Sandstone; Campine-Basin; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; cores-; depositional-environment; Europe-; faults-; fluvial-environment; geophysical-methods; geophysical-profiles; geophysical-surveys; lacustrine-sedimentation; lithofacies-; Netherlands-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; offshore-; Paleozoic-; petroleum-engineering; reservoir-properties; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; seismic-methods; seismic-profiles; structural-controls; surveys-; syn-sedimentary-faults; synsedimentary-processes; tectonics-; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources
Geophysics The Westphalian B in the Campine Basin in Belgium contains a low net-to-gross succession of fluvial channel and crevasse sandbodies embedded in lacustrine and floodplain claystone and siltstone. Study and correlation of closely spaced boreholes reveal a localized 15-25 m thick succession of stacked fluvial channel sandbodies in this overall low net-to-gross setting. This concentration of sandbodies is interpreted as the fill of a tectonically induced palaeo-valley based on the orientation of syn-sedimentary faults and the palaeogeographical setting of the Campine Basin, far away from the Westphalian Sea. The depositional model was used to interpret stacks of fluvial sandstone of the Caister Sandstone (Westphalian B) in the Dutch offshore and may guide finding economic reservoirs in the overall low net-to-gross labyrinth-type fluvial architecture in this area and in comparable structural settings. Netherlands; Belgium
Carboniferous H x '\r (2003)-0761281026/Kosters & Donselaar (2003).pdf ?
Frikken, H.W. 1998c Drenthe Carboniferous study: New concepts, analogues, geometry data and thoughts on the way forward - - - Assen NAM Petroleum Geology - Netherlands
Carboniferous ? Van Hulten, F.F.N.
Poty, E. 2008d Geological factors controlling Early Carboniferous Carbonate Platform development in the Netherlands 175-196 Geological Journal 43 Geology Netherlands
Carboniferous D $ W(2008)-1040349968/Van Hulten & Poty (2008).pdf ? ! 4 Pagnier, H. J. M.
Pestman, P.J.
van Tongeren, P.C.H. 1987* Recent coal exploration in the Netherlands 151-162F Proceedings of the 13th Annual Underground Coal Gasification Symposium - - Laramie, Wyoming - History Netherlands
Carboniferous 3? Bloxham, T.W.
Thomas, R.L. 1969 Palaeontological and geochemical facies in the Gastrioceras subcrenatum marine-band and associated rocks from North Crop of the South Wales Coalfield 239-2815 Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 124 Geochemistry UK
Carboniferous
? Spears, D.A. 1964[ The major element geochemistry of the Mansfield marine band in the Westphalian of Yorkshire 1679-1696 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 28 Geochemistry UK
Carboniferous 0 b 4864400128/Spears (1964).pdf ?
Bongaerts, H. 1996B Mineraal-systematiek van het Emma-Hendrik-steenkoolveld (Limburg). 97-105 Grondboor & Hamer 50
Mineralogy Netherlands
Carboniferous ? J Van der Zwan, C.J.
Laar, J.G.M. van der
Pagnier, H.J.M.
Amerom, H.W.J. van 1993{ Palynological, ecological and climatological synthesis of the upper carboniferous of the well De Lutte-6 (East Netherlands) 167-186k Comptes Rendus Douzième Congrès International de la Stratigraphie et Géologie du Carbonifère et Permien 12
Palaeontology Netherlands
Carboniferous7?m Bouckaert, Joseph 1967! Namurian transgression in Belgium 145-150. Annales de la Société Géologique de Pologne 37 1, Ammonoidea-; Belgium-; Carboniferous-; Cephalopoda-; changes-of-level; Europe-; Goniatites-; Goniatitida-; Goniatitidae-; Invertebrata-; Mollusca-; Namurian-; northeast-; Paleozoic-; sea-level-changes; stratigraphy-; Tetrabranchiata-; transgression-; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy PalaeogeographyK The Namurian (Carboniferous) marine transgression in Belgium was from the northeast and extended as far as the Condroz overthrust. It has been traced by the distribution and correlation of goniatites. The boundary with Visean is unconformable and pockets of Namurian shale have been found filling cavities in the Visean limestones. Belgium
Carboniferous ?
? j David, F. 1987e Sandkörper in fluviatilen Sandsteinen des Unteren Westfal D (Oberkarbon) am Piesberg bei Osnabrϋck. 51-58 Facies 17 1 Clastic sedimentology Germany
Carboniferous ,
'
52074296/David (1987).pdf]? Drozdzewski, G. 2005` Zur sedimentären Entwicklung des Subvariscikums im Namurium und Westfalium Nordwestdeutschlands 151-203O Stratigraphie von Deutschland V - Das Oberkarbon (Pennsylvanium) in Deutschland 254 Wrede, V. Frankfurt a. M. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg Clastic sedimentology Germany
Carboniferous\ ? " Jankowski, B.
David, F.
Selter, V. 1993c Facies complexes of the Upper Carboniferous in north-west Germany and their structural implications 139-158( Rhenohercynian and Subvariscan Foldbelts& Gayer, R.A.
Greiling, R.O.
Vogel, A.K. Wiesbaden International Monograph Series Clastic sedimentology Germany
Carboniferous@ ? Hartley, A. 1993f Silesian sedimentation in south-west Britain: sedimentary responses to the developing variscan orogeny 159-196( Rhenohercynian and Subvariscan Foldbelts -% Gayer R.A.
Greiling, R.O.
Vogel, A.K. Wiesbaden International Monograph Series Palaeogeography UK
Carboniferous?
Pagnier, H. J. M. 1988 Vertical and lateral sedimentary trends in six recently drilled wells through Upper Westphalian A to Upper Westphalian C-strata in the Netherlands - - - Heerlen RGD Clastic sedimentology - Netherlands
Carboniferous ? Paproth, E. 19887 The Variscan front north of the Ardenne-Rhenish massifs 279-296/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 110 Structural Geology Netherlands; Belgium; Germany
Carboniferous1? Wrede, V. 1993U Some aspects of interactivity between folding and thrusting in the Ruhr Carboniferous 241-268( Rhenohercynian and Subvariscan Foldbelts% Gayer R.A.
Greiling, R.O.
Vogel, A.K. Wiesbaden International Monograph Series Structural Geology Germany
Carboniferous? Aplin, A.C.
Macquaker, J.H.S. 1993O C-S-Fe geochemistry of some modern and ancient anoxic marine muds and mudstones 89-100\ Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Physical Sciences and Engineering 344 anaerobic-environment; burial-diagenesis; carbon-; case-studies; chemical-ratios; clastic-rocks; clastic-sediments; diagenesis-; early-diagenesis; geochemistry-; iron-; kerogen-; marine-environment; metals-; models-; mud-; mudstone-; organic-compounds; pyrite-; rates-; reduction-; sedimentary-rocks; sediments-; sulfates-; sulfides-; sulfur-; Sedimentary-petrology; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry Generic Generic 8 \ 3)-3247045120/Aplin et al (1993).pdf I? 2 Vorlicek, T. P.
Kahn, M. D.
Kasuya, Y.
Helz, G. R. 2004c Capture of molybdenum in pyrite-forming sediments: Role of ligand-induced reduction by polysulfides 547-556 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68 3 anaerobic-environment; anions-; chemical-fractionation; chemical-reactions; experimental-studies; geochemistry-; ions-; iron-sulfides; ligands-; marine-environment; metals-; metasomatism-; mineral-water-interface; molybdates-; molybdenum-; polysulfides-; pyrite-; pyritization-; reagents-; reduction-; sample-preparation; sediments-; spectra-; sulfides-; sulfur-; thiomolybdates-; transformations-; X-ray-spectra; General-geochemistry; Mineralogy-of-non-silicates Geochemistryo Capture of Mo by FeS (sub 2) is an important sink for marine Mo. X-ray spectroscopy has shown that Mo forms Mo-Fe-S cuboidal clusters on pyrite. Reduction of Mo (super VI) must occur to stabilize these structures. Sulfide alone is a poor reductant for Mo, producing instead a series of Mo (super VI) thioanions (MoO (sub x) S (sub 4-x) (super 2-) , x = 0-3). In solutions that contain both H (sub 2) S and S (super 0) -donors (i.e. polysulfides; dissolved S (sub 8) ), Mo is transformed to Mo (super IV) or Mo (super V) (sub 2) polysulfide/sulfide anions. This intramolecular reduction requires no external reducing agent. Remarkably, an oxidizing agent (S (super 0) donor), rather than a reducing agent, stabilizes the reducible Mo (super VI) complex. Thiomolybdates and their reduction products do not precipitate spontaneously; solutions supersaturated by 10 (super 9) with respect to molybdenite, MoS (sub 2) , produce no precipitate in 40 days. In 10-minute exposures, pyrite can scavenge MoOS (sub 3) (super 2-) and MoS (sub 4) (super 2-) weakly at mildly alkaline pH but can scavenge an unidentified product of the S (super 0) -induced reduction of MoOS (sub 3) (super 2-) very strongly. On the basis of these observations, a reaction pathway for Mo capture by pyrite is proposed. Conditions that favor Mo capture by this pathway also favor pyrite growth. Ascribing Mo capture simply to low redox potential is too simplistic and neglects the likely role of oxidizing S (super 0) -donors. The aqueous speciation of Mo in anoxic environments will be a function of the activity of zero-valent sulfur as well as the activity of H (sub 2) S(aq). Generic Generic @
,2004)-2966640440/Vorlicek et al. (2004).pdf *? ' Gluyas, Jon
Jolley, Liz
Primmer Tim, J. 1997e Element mobility during diagenesis; sulphate cementation of Rotliegend sandstones, southern North Sea 1001-1011 Marine and Petroleum Geology 14 7-8 Amethyst-Field; anhydrite-; Atlantic-Ocean; barite-; burial-; cementation-; clastic-rocks; diagenesis-; grain-size; isotope-ratios; isotopes-; migration-of-elements; natural-gas; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; O-18-O-16; oil-and-gas-fields; oxygen-; Paleozoic-; permeability-; Permian-; petroleum-; porosity-; production-; reservoir-rocks; Rotliegendes-; S-34-S-32; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; stable-isotopes; sulfates-; sulfur-; thermal-history; Upper-Permian; Zechstein-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry Southern North Sea
Rotliegend
? Sah, R.H.
Brown, P.H. 19964 Boron determination - a review of analytical methods 285-304 Microchemical Journal 56 Geochemistry Generic Generic P 5 )`ent-techniques-2260521216/Borium-measurement-techniques.pdf ? 1 Środoń, J.
Clauer, N.
Banaś, M.
Wójtowicz, A. 2006l K-Ar evidence for a Mesozoic thermal event superimposed on burial diagenesis of the Upper Silesia coal basin 669-690
Clay Minerals 41 2 absolute-age; bentonite-; burial-diagenesis; Central-Europe; clastic-rocks; clay-mineralogy; clay-minerals; dates-; diagenesis-; Europe-; illite-; illitization-; K-Ar; Katowice-Poland; Mesozoic-; metamorphism-; Poland-; sedimentary-rocks; sheet-silicates; silicates-; smectite-; thermal-metamorphism; Upper-Silesian-coal-basin; vitrinite-reflectance; Sedimentary-petrology; Geochronology Burial historyR K-Ar dating of mixed-layer illite-smectite from clay fractions extracted from pyroclastic horizons was used to address the controversy about the age and mechanism of the thermal alteration of Carboniferous rocks from the Upper Silesia Coal Basin (USCB). The clay fractions were also investigated by X-ray diffraction in order to select for dating samples possibly rich in illite-smectite, and to evaluate the K-Ar dates for possible contamination by K-bearing pre-diagenetic minerals, of pyroclastic or epiclastic origin. The K-Ar dates document intense Variscian tectonic burial illitization produced by thrusting (approximately 290 Ma) in the SW of the basin, and the lack of intense burial illitization in the NE, which is consistent with sedimentological models of the basin. The burial illitization in its final phase (<30%S in illite-smectite) involved incorporation of measurable amounts of ammonium cation in the illite structure (substitution for K). Advanced illitization in the NE of the basin is much younger than its tectonic inversion (uplift and erosion started in Permian), and the corresponding K-Ar dates have to be interpreted as the result of a Mesozoic thermal event, which produced widespread pervasive illitization at shallow depth. This event was dated at 175 Ma, but it may have started earlier and could have lasted longer. This conclusion is consistent with widespread evidence of a major Mesozoic thermal event all over Central Europe, produced by rifting and lithospheric thinning during the opening of the Tethys and Atlantic oceans. This study demonstrates that smectite illitization histories may be very complex, and that the nature of the illitization mechanism results in mixed K-Ar dates encompassing pro-longed or multiple illitization histories. Dating of several grain-size fractions may help to unravel such histories. When a calibration using data from Neogene sedimentary basins is applied, vitrinite reflectance and %S in I-S indicate similar palaeotemperatures of tectonic burial diagenesis in the USCB, but they produce very different estimates of the temperature of the thermal event. Poland Mesozoic @ ` w006)-3630909446/Środoń et al. (2006).pdf ?: ) Bless, M. J. M.
Bouckaert, J.
Paproth, E. 1983 Recent exploration in pre-Permian rocks around the Brabant Massif in Belgium, the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany 51-62 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 allochthons-; Belgium-; bibliography-; block-structures; Brabant-Massif; Caledonian-Orogeny; Central-Europe; cratons-; economic-geology; energy-sources; Europe-; exploration-; faults-; Germany-; Hercynian-Orogeny; kinematics-; Netherlands-; overthrust-faults; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; structural-geology; tectonics-; uplifts-; West-Germany; Western-Europe; Structural-geology; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Petroleum Geology Netherlands; Belgium; Germany
Palaeozoic 8 ͘ :3)-2707937025/Bless et al (1983).pdf ? % 1 Pearce, T. J.
Martin, J.H.
Cooper, D.
Wray, D. S. 2010o Chemostratigraphy of Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) sequences from the Southern North Sea (United Kingdom) 1-24 Geochemistry UK
Carboniferous 4 hx 2971101702/Pearce et al. (-).pdf{
?
Spears, D. A. 20064 Clay mineralogy of onshore UK Carboniferous mudrocks 395-416
Clay Minerals 41 14 bentonite-; burial-diagenesis; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; clay-mineralogy; clay-minerals; claystone-; diagenesis-; Europe-; kaolinite-; mineral-composition; mudstone-; paleosols-; Paleozoic-; sedimentary-rocks; sheet-silicates; silicates-; tonstein-; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Sedimentary-petrology
Mineralogy The Carboniferous in Britain is diverse, and this is reflected in the clay mineral assemblages. Several factors affecting the assemblages are identified including climate, rates of weathering and erosion, source rocks in the hinterland, preservation of paleosols, whether the source rocks are nearby or distant, sorting during transportation, the presence of altered volcanic ash-falls in the depositional environment and the extent of burial diagenesis. There are temporal and geographic variations in the clay mineral assemblages in the mudrocks as a result of these controls. There are also clay-rich rocks that differ from the normal mudrocks, and a knowledge of the clay mineralogy of these is a necessary prerequisite to a full understanding of their origins. Mudrocks falling in this category, and described below, include bauxitic clays, flint clays, fragmental clay rocks, tonsteins and K-bentonites and various paleosols. UK
Carboniferous 0 D 168100880/Spears (2006).pdf
? ! Scheck-Wenderoth, M.
Lamarche, J. 2005q Crustal memory and basin evolution in the Central European Basin System—new insights from a 3D structural model 143-165 Tectonophysics 397 Structural Geology Western Europe Generic X & Lamarche (2005)-1378878248/Scheck-Wenderoth & Lamarche (2005).pdfZ? P Techer, Isabelle
Rousset, Davy
Clauer, Norbert
Lancelot, Joel
Boisson Jean, Yves 2006 Chemical and isotopic characterization of water-rock interactions in shales induced by the intrusion of a basaltic dike; a natural analogue for radioactive waste disposal 203-222 Applied Geochemistry 21 2w absolute-age; alkaline-earth-metals; basalts-; bedrock-; characterization-; clastic-rocks; clay-minerals; dates-; dikes-; environmental-analysis; Europe-; France-; geochemistry-; glasses-; ground-water; hazardous-waste; heat-flux; Herault-France; igneous-rocks; intrusions-; isotope-ratios; isotopes-; Jurassic-; K-Ar; lithostratigraphy-; Lower-Jurassic; Mesozoic-; metals-; mineral-composition; movement-; natural-analogs; palagonite-; Perthus-Pass; petrography-; pollution-; precipitation-; radioactive-isotopes; radioactive-waste; sedimentary-rocks; SEM-data; shale-; sheet-silicates; silicates-; Sr-87-Sr-86; stable-isotopes; stratigraphic-units; strontium-; textures-; thermal-circulation; Toarcian-; tracers-; upper-Liassic; volcanic-rocks; waste-disposal; water-pollution; water-rock-interaction; Western-Europe; X-ray-diffraction-data; Isotope-geochemistry; Environmental-geology Geochemistry~ Disposal of nuclear waste in deep geological formations is expected to induce thermal fluxes for hundreds of years with maximum temperature reaching about 100-150 degrees C in the nearfield argillaceous environment. The long-term behavior of clays subjected to such thermal gradients needs to be perfectly understood in safety assessment considerations. In this respect, a Toarcian argillaceous unit thermally disturbed by the intrusion of a 1.1-m wide basaltic dike at the Perthus pass (Herault, France), was studied in detail as a natural analogue. The thermal imprint induced by the dike was evaluated by a mineralogical, chemical and K-Ar study of the <2 mu m clay fraction of shale samples collected at increasing distance from the basalt. The data suggest that the mineral composition of the shales was not significantly disturbed when the temperature was below 100-150 degrees C. Closer to the dike at 150-300 degrees C, changes such as progressive dissolution of chlorite and kaolinite, increased content of the mixed layers illite-smectite with more illite layers, complete decalcification and subsequent increased content of quartz, were found. At the eastern contact with the dike, the mineral and chemical compositions of both the shales and the basalt suggest water-rock interactions subsequent to the intrusion with precipitation of palagonite and renewed but discrete deposition of carbonate. A pencil cleavage developed in the shales during the dike emplacement probably favored water circulation along the contact. Strontium isotopic data suggest that the fluids of probable meteoric origin, reacted with Bathonian and Bajocian limestones before entering the underlying Toarcian shales. By analogy with deep geological radioactive waste repositories, the results report discrete mineralogical variations of the clays when subjected to temperatures of 100-150 degrees C that are expected in deep storage conditions. Beyond 150 degrees C, significant mineralogical changes may alter the physical and chemical properties of the shales, especially of the clay fraction. Also, the development of structural discontinuities in the so-called thermally disturbed zone might be of importance as these discontinuities might become zones for preferential fluid circulation. Finally, the study emphasizes the use of Rb-Sr and K-Ar isotopic systems as tracers of local circulating fluids related to low-grade thermal imprints. Generic Generic <
8006)-1979720976/Techer et al. (2006).pdf? 3 Berger, G.
Lacharpagne, J.C.
Velde, B.
Beaufort, D. 1997p Kinetic constraints on illitization reactions and the effects of organic diagenesis in sandstone-shale sequences 23-35 Applied Geochemistry 12 Geochemistry Generic Generic < , G997)-2088100870/Berger et al. (1997).pdfA? V Lanson, Bruno
Beaufort, Daniel
Berger, Gilles
Baradat, Julien
Lacharpagne Jean, Claude 1996 Illitization of diagenetic kaolinite-to-dickite conversion series: late-stage diagenesis of the Lower Permian Rotliegend Sandstone reservoir, offshore of the Netherlands 501-518 Journal of Sedimentary Research 66 3 Atlantic-Ocean; Broad-Fourteens-Basin; clastic-rocks; clay-minerals; diagenesis-; dickite-; Europe-; illitization-; kaolinite-; late-diagenesis; Lower-Permian; Netherlands-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; offshore-; Paleozoic-; Permian-; petroleum-; reservoir-rocks; Rotliegendes-; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; sheet-silicates; silicates-; southern-North-Sea; transformations-; Western-Europe; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Sedimentary-petrology
Mineralogy Netherlands
Rotliegend 8 y b8)-0732146432/Lanson et al (1996).pdf? * Kennedy, M.J.
Pevear, D.R.
Hill Ronald, J. 20028 Mineral surface control of organic carbon in black shale 657-660 Science 295 5555 black-shale; carbon-; clastic-rocks; clay-mineralogy; clay-minerals; Cretaceous-; geochemistry-; lithofacies-; lithostratigraphy-; Mesozoic-; mineral-composition; North-America; organic-carbon; organic-compounds; petroleum-; petroleum-accumulation; Pierre-Shale; resources-; sedimentary-rocks; sheet-silicates; silicates-; total-organic-carbon; United-States; Upper-Cretaceous; Western-Interior; Western-Interior-Seaway; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry We show that 85% of variation in total organic carbon can be explained by mineral surface area in a black shale deposit from two locations in the late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, United States. This relation suggests that, as in modern marine sediments, adsorption of carbon compounds onto clay mineral surfaces played a fundamental role in the burial and preservation of organic carbon. Our data also provide evidence for organic matter within the smectite interlayer. This association implies that organic carbon sequestration in a representative oil-prone black shale facies may be more closely related to patterns of continental weathering and clay mineralogy than to ocean water chemistry or marine productivity. Generic Generic 8 L m-0718286592/Kennedy et al 2002.pdf #
? K Kennedy, Martin
Droser, Mary
Mayer Lawrence, M.
Pevear, David
Mrofka, David 2006C Late Precambrian oxygenation; inception of the clay mineral factory 1446-1449 Science 311 5766
alkaline-earth-metals; Australasia-; Australia-; chemical-weathering; clastic-rocks; clay-mineralogy; geochemistry-; isotope-ratios; isotopes-; life-origin; marine-environment; metals-; Neoproterozoic-; North-America; organic-compounds; oxygen-; paleoecology-; paleosols-; passive-margins; pedogenesis-; Precambrian-; Proterozoic-; Russian-Platform; secular-variations; sedimentary-rocks; Sr-87-Sr-86; stable-isotopes; strontium-; terrestrial-environment; upper-Precambrian; weathering-; Stratigraphy; Isotope-geochemistry Geochemistry# An enigmatic stepwise increase in oxygen in the late Precambrian is widely considered a prerequisite for the expansion of animal life. Accumulation of oxygen requires organic matter burial in sediments, which is largely controlled by the sheltering or preservational effects of detrital clay minerals in modern marine continental margin depocenters. Here, we show mineralogical and geochemical evidence for an increase in clay mineral deposition in the Neoproterozoic that immediately predated the first metazoans. Today most clay minerals originate in biologically active soils, so initial expansion of a primitive land biota would greatly enhance production of pedogenic clay minerals (the "clay mineral factory"), leading to increased marine burial of organic carbon via mineral surface preservation. Generic Precambrian 8 06-3503372032/Kennedy et al 2006.pdf ? Fralick, P. W.
Kronberg, B. I. 1997> Geochemical discrimination of clastic sedimentary rock sources 111-124 Sedimentary Geology 113 1-2: Archean-; calc-alkalic-composition; Canada-; Canadian-Shield; chemical-ratios; clastic-rocks; controls-; geochemistry-; graphic-methods; igneous-rocks; North-America; Precambrian-; provenance-; sedimentary-rocks; Superior-Province; trace-elements; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry Factors controlling the geochemistry of a clastic sedimentary rock can include: (1) composition of source terrain, (2) chemical weathering, (3) hydraulic sorting, (4) diagenesis, (5) metamorphism, and (6) hydrothermal alteration. A linear solution inferring source terrain composition from geochemistry of the sediment is impossible in this multivariate system as several unknowns will commonly be present. The use of graphical analysis of element pairs circumvents the problem. Chemically immobile elements will maintain invariant ratios during rock mass change caused by either addition or depletion of mobile elements. This results in chemically immobile element scattergrams exhibiting linear trends along radians extending from the origin, if the major mineral phases of the immobile elements have behaved in a hydrodynamically similar manner. As chemically mobile element plots will produce a scatter of points, this relationship can be used to test chemical immobility and similarity in hydrodynamic sorting history. The constraint on analysis is that the source area must be compositionally uniform or the sediment well mixed prior to delivery to the basin. A second technique, using SiO (sub 2) plots, has also been developed to investigate element mobility and hydrodynamic behaviour of the mineral phases containing the elements. SiO (sub 2) -immobile element plots result in a linear arrangement of points extending towards either 0% or 100% SiO (sub 2) . The 0 intercept position occurs for elements with major mineral phases concentrated in sand; the 100 intercept for those concentrated in clays. Plotting chemically mobile elements produces different patterns, and this can be used to gain information on alteration and sorting history. Elemental ratios for chemically immobile elements with similar hydrodynamic behaviour will be the same as those for the weighted average composition of the source material. This provides a powerful tool for deducing source terrain from sediment geochemistry. Techniques outlined above were tested on Archaean metasandstones from Superior Province, Canada. Immobile element ratio diagrams for Nb-Al-Ti and Zr-Al-Ti indicate that a calc-alkaline extrusive-intrusive suite lying to the north of the study area was the source, and not five other volcanic suites in the region. This conclusion agrees with previous clast lithology studies and accentuates the applicability of the geochemical techniques. Generic Generic H ^rg (1997)-4108769300/Fralick & Kronberg (1997).pdf U? Follows, B.
Tyson, R. V. 1998 Organic facies of the Asbian (Early Carboniferous) Queensferry Beds, lower Oil Shale Group, South Queensferry, Scotland, and a brief comparison with other Carboniferous North Atlantic oil shale deposits 821-844 Organic Geochemistry 29 4 Albert-Formation; algae-; alginite-; aliphatic-hydrocarbons; alkanes-; amorphous-materials; anaerobic-environment; Arctic-region; aromatic-hydrocarbons; Asbian-; Atlantic-Ocean; biomarkers-; Botryococcus-; carbon-; Carboniferous-; Chlorophyta-; clastic-rocks; depositional-environment; Dinantian-; East-Greenland; Europe-; exinite-; faults-; fusinite-; geochemistry-; Great-Britain; Greenland-; hopanes-; hopanoids-; hydrocarbons-; inertinite-; kerogen-; lacustrine-environment; lineaments-; lithostratigraphy-; Lothian-region-Scotland; macerals-; microfossils-; Midland-Valley; mudstone-; North-Atlantic; oil-shale; Oil-Shale-Group; organic-compounds; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; palynomorphs-; phytane-; phytoclasts-; Plantae-; pristane-; Queensferry-Beds; reconstruction-; Scotland-; sedimentary-rocks; semifusinite-; shale-; South-Queensferry-Scotland; steranes-; subsidence-; sulfur-; tectonics-; total-organic-carbon; triterpanes-; United-Kingdom; vitrinite-; Western-Europe; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Organic geochemistry UK
Carboniferous @ @ |1998)-3935089926/Follows & Tyson (1998).pdf ? Luan, G.
Steffan, E.M.
Weber, R. 1998; Optimizing Well Capacity in a Tight Carboniferous Reservoir - SPE Paper 39912 - Petroleum Geology Germany
Carboniferous ? Dietzel, H.J.
Koeler, M. 1998d Stimulation of a Low Permeability Natural Fractured Reservoir in the North-West German Carboniferous 83-95 SPE Paper 39913 - Petroleum Geology Germany
Carboniferousy? Dahlgren, S.
Corfu, F. 2001w Northward sediment transport from the Late Carboniferous Variscan mountains; zircon evidence from the Oslo Rift, Norway 29-36" Journal of the Geological Society 158 absolute-age; Asker-Group; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; compression-tectonics; dates-; Europe-; Hercynian-Orogeny; monazite-; nesosilicates-; Norway-; orogeny-; orthosilicates-; Oslo-Graben; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; phosphates-; provenance-; sandstone-; Scandinavia-; sediment-transport; sedimentary-rocks; silicates-; Silurian-; tectonics-; U-Pb; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; zircon-; Stratigraphy; Geochronology
Mineralogy Proto-rift, late Carboniferous fluvial and deltaic sandstones from the Asker Group are locally preserved in the upper Palaeozoic Oslo Rift. High-precision U-Pb ages of single detrital zircon grains from a Moscovian (late Westphalian to early Stephanian) sandstone and overlying tuffaceous sediments, that predated initial basaltic volcanism, have been used to study the provenance of the detritus and to evaluate the tectonic significance of the deposits. We find late Neoproterozoic (of Avalonian affinity), Cambro-Ordovician and early Carboniferous detrital zircons requiring that one of the source regions was located along, or south of, the axis between southern England and northeastern Germany and implying sediment transport from the south, probably as a consequence of uplift during the Asturic compressional phase of the Variscan Orogeny. Other age groups reflect typical Baltic sources, possibly from the Ringkobing-Fyn High. Detrital zircons (and monazite) from underlying Silurian sandstone (Wenlock-Ludlow) yield Svecofennian to Sveconorwegian as well as late Ordovician ages but lack late Neopoterozoic (Avalonian) ages. It is thus unlikely that the bulk of the Carboniferous detritus could have been derived by recycling of preexisting Silurian sandstones. These data imply that the rivers feeding the Asker Group originated in the Variscan mountains and entered the Oslo proto-rift from the south, possibly via the Horn Graben or along the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone. Norway
Carboniferous @
'2001)-1218176518/Dahlgren & Corfu (2001).pdf
?
Land, L.S. 19955 The role of saline formation water in crustal cycling 137-145 Aquatic Geochemistry 1 29 albitization-; alkali-metals; alkaline-earth-metals; basins-; boron-; brines-; bromine-; calcium-; carbon-dioxide; chemical-composition; chemical-properties; chloride-ion; chlorides-; chlorine-; connate-waters; crust-; detection-; diagenesis-; dissolved-materials; enrichment-; geochemical-cycle; halides-; halite-; halogens-; isotope-ratios; isotopes-; lithium-; melting-; metals-; metamorphism-; metasomatism-; pore-water; saline-composition; sedimentary-basins; sodium-; Sr-87-Sr-86; stable-isotopes; strontium-; sulfur-; water-rock-interaction; General-geochemistry Geochemistry Generic Generic , , y5941510/Land (1995).pdf !? / Adams, L.K.
Macquaker, J. H. S.
Marshall, J. D. 2006B Iron(III)-reduction in a low-organic-carbon brackish-marine system 919-925 Journal of Sedimentary Research 76 5-6 brackish-water-environment; carbon-; carbonates-; chemical-reactions; clastic-rocks; coal-; diagenesis-; early-diagenesis; England-; Europe-; ferric-iron; fresh-water-environment; geochemical-indicators; geochemistry-; Great-Britain; iron-; Ketton-; marine-environment; metals-; mudstone-; organic-carbon; reduction-; Rutland-Formation; sedimentary-rocks; siderite-; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistryg Siderite rhizocretions are generally considered to be an indicator of fresh-water conditions. The presence of siderite rhizocretions with a marine delta (super 18) O isotope signature in the Rutland Formation, Ketton, U.K. seems to contradict this belief. Commonly, in marine settings pyrite is more prevalent than siderite because of the high concentrations of sulfate in seawater. The Rutland Formation is a fine-grained mixed carbonate-clastic succession with interbedded coals that was deposited in marginal marine conditions. Analysis of siderite revealed that it was chemically zoned, predated pyrite, and has an average delta (super 18) O signature of +0.44 per mil. This siderite is interpreted as having precipitated during early diagenesis from brackish to marine porewaters containing low concentrations of bioavailable organic matter. Despite the porewaters being dominantly marine, under conditions of restricted organic-matter quality and/or quantity Fe(III)-reducing bacteria can outcompete sulfate-reducing bacteria for the organic substrate, resulting in the precipitation of siderite at the expense of pyrite. Generic Generic 8
@ 1)-3820023046/Adams et al. (2006).pdf ? Berner, R.A. 1977@ Sulfate reduction and the rate of deposition of marine sediments 492-498# Earth and Planetary Science Letters 37 Geochemistry Generic Generic , 718598/Berner (1977).pdf ? Bellingham, P.
White, N. 2000E A general inverse method for modelling extensional sedimentary basins 219-226 Basin Research 12 Structural Geology Generic Generic H #te (2000)-1381722624/Bellingham & White (2000).pdf ? * Sternbeck, J.
Sohlenius, G.
Hallberg, R.O. 2000s Sedimentary trace elements as proxies to depositional changes induced by a Holocene fresh-brackish water transition 325-345 Aquatic Geochemistry 6 3 arsenic-; Atlantic-Ocean; Baltic-Sea; brackish-water-environment; cadmium-; Cenozoic-; copper-; depositional-environment; ecology-; Eh-; geochemistry-; Gotland-Deep; Holocene-; manganese-; metals-; metasomatism-; molybdenum-; nearshore-environment; nickel-; North-Atlantic; pore-water; pyritization-; Quaternary-; residence-time; saline-composition; sediment-water-interface; sediments-; solubility-; trace-elements; Quaternary-geology; General-geochemistry Geochemistry Generic
Quaternary @
2000)-3638301446/Sternbeck et al. (2000).pdf ? , Gayer, R. A.
Rose, M.
Dehmer, J.
Shao, L. Y. 1999 Impact of sulphur and trace element geochemistry on the utilization of a marine-influenced coal; case study from the South Wales Variscan foreland basin 151-174% International Journal of Coal Geology 40 2-3 Amman-Rider-Seam; arsenic-; bituminous-coal; Bute-Seam; Carboniferous-; coal-; copper-; Europe-; Great-Britain; Hercynian-Orogeny; lead-; Llanilid-Mine; metals-; nickel-; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; petrography-; sedimentary-rocks; South-Wales; sulfur-; trace-elements; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; utilization-; Wales-; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry Incremental channel samples through two high volatile A bituminous coal seams, the Amman Rider and Bute seams, below and above the Vanderbeckei Marine Band at the Westphalian A/B boundary, have been analysed using proximate, petrographic, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) techniques. The results show that both coals are vitrinite-rich and indicate a similar history of palaeomire development, with a period of falling water tables towards the middle plies of each seam. Mean sulphur contents in the coal with the marine roof, the Amman Rider seam (4.19 wt.%) are almost 4 times higher than in the coal with a non-marine roof, the Bute seam (1.09 wt.%), implying that high sulphur contents are derived from sea water sulphate. In both coals, sulphur is predominantly in the form of pyritic sulphur. Both syngenetic, framboidal and euhedral crystals, and epigenetic vein and cleat-fill pyrite are present. Relatively constant levels of organic sulphur at around 2% have been recorded in the Amman Rider seam. Sulphur levels in the basal and top plies of each seam are at least twice that of the ply with the lowest sulphur content in the seam, reflecting the stages in palaeomire development most strongly influenced by sulphate-containing waters. Thorium/Uranium ratios are below 2.9 in the coal with a marine roof, the Amman Rider seam, indicating an enrichment of U from sea water, most marked at the top and bottom of the seam. The seam without a marine roof shows Th/U ratios between 2.5 and 4.9, indicating mild marine enrichment of U. The concentrations of environmentally significant trace elements (ESEs) are correlated with either the ash or sulphur contents, or both. The correlation between S and Pb, As, Cu, Ni in the coal with a marine roof implies an origin of these ESEs from sea water and their mode of occurrence in sulphide minerals. Most ESEs in this coal are present at levels at least twice that of the global average in coals, the exceptions being Pb and Zn which have concentrations less than half the global average. By contrast, the coal without a marine roof and with lower sulphur contents has most ESEs present at concentrations less than a third of the global average, the exceptions being Ni and Cu. Diagenetic hydrothermal activity is documented in the middle ply of the coal with a marine roof. This hydrothermal system redistributed the sulphur, Pb and As in this ply. The principal utilization of bituminous coals in the South Wales coalfield is as feed coals in power station boilers. The resultant concentration of most ESEs in the solid residues from power plant coal combustion theoretically can be alleviated by careful blending of feed coals with low and high ESE contents. UK
Carboniferous 8 p t-2881508608/Gayer et al (1999).pdf ? Derer, C.E. 2003{ Tectono-sedimentary evolution of the northern Upper Rhine Graben (Germany), with special regard to the early syn-rift stage 103 Bonn* Rheinischen Friendrich Wilhelms University Palaeogeography Germany Cenozoic ,
455808/Derer (2003).pdf ?V Ribbert, K.-H. 1998B Wenig bekannte Bohrungen im Umfeld der Krefelder Aschenaufwölbung 49-548 Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen 37 Geology Germany
Palaeozoic?W Ribbert, K.-H. 1998h Die grobklastische und karbonatische Sedimentation im tiefen Oberdevon am Nordrand des Velberter Sattels 381-3918 Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen 37 Clastic sedimentology Germany Devonian?O Bryant, I.D.
Livera, S.E. 1991 Identification of unswept oil volumes in a mature field by using integrated data analysis: Ness Formation, Brent field, UK North Sea 75-88@ Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons 1
Spencer, A.M. BerlinJ Special Publication of the European Association of Petroleum Geoscientists Petroleum Geology UK North Sea Jurassic @ (1991)-3238386690/Bryant & Livera (1991).tif?4 Franke, Wolfgang
Engel, Wolfgang 1988M Tectonic settings of synorogenic sedimentation in the Variscan Belt of Europe 8-17Y Sedimentation in a synorogenic basin complex; the Upper Carboniferous of Northwest Europe - Besly, B. M.
Kelling, G. Glasgow Blackie basins-; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; Devonian-; environment-; Europe-; faults-; flysch-; Hercynian-Orogeny; Namurian-; nappes-; northwestern-Europe; Paleozoic-; reconstruction-; Rhenohercynian-Zone; sedimentary-basins; sedimentary-petrology; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; structural-controls; subsidence-; thrust-faults; turbidite-; Upper-Carboniferous; Variscides-; Sedimentary-petrology Structural Geology Europe
Palaeozoic l ?5 I Geluk, Mark
de Haan, Harald
Schroot, Barthold
Wolters, Ben
Nio Swie, Djin 2002] The Permo-Carboniferous gas play, Cleaver Bank high area, southern North Sea, the Netherlands 877-894& Carboniferous and Permian of the World 19( Hills, L.V.
Henderson, C.M.
Bamber, E.W. -/ Memoir Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists{ Atlantic-Ocean; Bashkirian-; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; claystone-; Cleaver-Bank; coal-; controls-; correlation-; cyclostratigraphy-; Europe-; folds-; geophysical-methods; geophysical-profiles; geophysical-surveys; high-resolution-methods; history-; Kazanian-; mapping-; maturity-; Maurits-Formation; Mississippian-; Moscovian-; Namurian-; natural-gas; Netherlands-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; offshore-; oil-wells; paleorelief-; Paleozoic-; Permian-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; reservoir-rocks; Rotliegendes-; sedimentary-rocks; seismic-methods; seismic-profiles; seismic-stratigraphy; sequence-stratigraphy; Serpukhovian-; source-rocks; southern-North-Sea; surveys-; tectonics-; three-dimensional-models; unconformities-; Upper-Carboniferous; Upper-Mississippian; Upper-Permian; well-logs; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Stratigraphy Petroleum GeologyW The Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO -- National Geological Survey, carried out an assessment of the Permo-Carboniferous gas play in the NW offshore area of the Netherlands. For this study, 3D seismic data have been integrated with computerised high-resolution cyclostratigraphic analysis of the Carboniferous and overlying Permian succession in wells. The gas play has been explored in both the Dutch and the UK part of the Southern North Sea. This study established a new approach to this play. Source rocks are formed by Westphalian (Bashkirian) coal-measures of low maturity and highly mature Namurian (Serpukhovian) marine hot-shales. Clastic reservoir rocks are present in several confined intervals: Namurian, Westphalian A-B, Westphalian C-D (Moscovian) and the basal Upper Rotliegend (Kazanian). The occurrence of Carboniferous sandstones is controlled by climatic variations. The distribution of the basal Upper Rotliegend sandstones is related to the paleotopography, which was controlled by the greater resistance of cemented Carboniferous sandstones in contrast to softer coal-bearing claystones. The lows were filled with aeolian sands, whereas on the ridges little or no sands were preserved. The prediction is complicated by the fact that up to five regional unconformities amalgamate into one single unconformity in the study area. The structural configuration of the Carboniferous deposits constitutes a major exploration risk. The structural style exists of the Carboniferous differs of that of the overlying succession, and includes wrench tectonics and large-scale folding. Increasing the exploration success can be achieved by the integration of detailed 3D mapping of the intra-Carboniferous succession, high-resolution stratigraphic correlations of the Carboniferous and the understanding of the palaeotopography of the pre-Permian surface. Netherlands Carboniferous; Permian@D? Roscher, M.
Schneider, J.W. 2005i An annotated correlation chart for continental late Pennsylvanian and Permian basins and the marine scale The Nonmarine Permian Lucas, S.G.
Zeigler, K.E.9 New Mexico Museum of Natural Histroy and Science Bulletin Stratigraphy Generic Carboniferous; Permian H
( r (2005)-2880176646/Roscher & Schneider (2005).pdf :? Sinclair, H. D. 1997\ Tectonostratigraphic model for underfilled peripheral foreland basins; an Alpine perspective 324-346& Geological Society of America Bulletin 109 3j Alpine-Orogeny; Alps-; basins-; carbonate-rocks; Cenozoic-; Central-Europe; chronostratigraphy-; cratons-; cross-sections; deep-water-environment; Eocene-; Europe-; faults-; foreland-basins; France-; French-Alps; hemipelagic-environment; lithostratigraphy-; marine-environment; Oligocene-; orogeny-; Paleocene-; Paleogene-; paleogeography-; sedimentary-basins; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; sedimentation-rates; siliciclastics-; structural-controls; Swiss-Alps; Switzerland-; tectonostratigraphic-units; Tertiary-; thrust-faults; turbidite-; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy; Sedimentary-petrology; Structural-geology Structural Geology
Advances in the development of quantitative models of foreland basin stratigraphy have outpaced the observational data used to constrain the input parameters in such models. Underfilled peripheral foreland basins comprise a broad threefold subdivision of depositional realms that translates into three stratigraphic units which are commonly superimposed during basin migration; these units are here termed the "underfilled trinity." The three units of the trinity reflect (1) carbonate deposition on the cratonic margin of the basin (the lower unit), (2) hemipelagic mud sedimentation offshore from the cratonic margin of the basin (the middle unit), and (3) deep water turbiditic siliciclastic sedimentation toward the orogenic margin of the basin (the upper unit). Theoretical predictions of how such a complex basin fill initiates and evolves through time are not currently available; hence this study reviews the stratigraphy of underfilled peripheral foreland basins and provides a unique data set comprising rates of thrust advance and basin fill migration for the Tertiary foreland basin of the European Alps. The Paleocene to Oligocene Alpine foreland basin of France and Switzerland comprises a well-developed underfilled trinity that is preserved within the outer deformed margins of the Alpine orogen. Structural restorations of the basin indicate a decrease in the amount of basin shortening from eastern Switzerland (68%) to eastern France (48%), to southeastern France (35%). Structurally restored chronostratigraphic diagrams allow rates of basin migration to be calculated from around the Alpine arc. Paleogeographic restorations of the Nummulitic Limestone (lower unit) illustrate a radial pattern of coastal onlap on to the European craton. Time-averaged rates for northwestward coastal onlap of the underfilled Alpine basin across Switzerland were between 8.5 and 12.9 mm/yr. Time-equivalent westward to southwestward coastal onlap rates in France were between 4.9 and 8.0 mm/yr. The direction of migration of the cratonic coastline of the basin was parallel to the time-equivalent thrust motions, and oblique to the Africa-Europe plate motion vector. By comparing rates of thrust propagation into the orogenic margin of the basin to rates of coastal onlap of the cratonic margin of the basin, it is possible to suggest that the Alpine foreland basin of central Switzerland migrated with an approximately steady state geometry for at least 210 km northwestward over the European craton. The westward and southward decrease in the basin migration rate around the Alpine arc was associated with an increase in the degree of syndepositional normal faulting on the European plate; this is thought to relate to the opening of the Rhine-Bresse-Rhone graben system. Central Europe Cenozoic @ J Gerling, P.
Geluk, M.C.
Kockel, F.
Lokhorst, A.
Lott, G.K.
Nicholson, R.A. 1999z NW European Gas Atlas - new implications for the Carboniferous gas plays in the western part of the Southern Permian Basin 799-808H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 5th Conference Fleet, A.J.
Boldy, S.A.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology North Sea
Carboniferous @ M ,(1999)-1971605248/Gerling et al. (1999).pdf ?, Wrede, V. 2005O Stratigraphie von Deutschland V - Das Oberkarbon (Pennsylvanium) in Deutschland 477 254 Senckenberg Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Stratigraphy Germany
Carboniferous ?/ Verniers, J.
Pharaoh, T. C.
Andre, L.
Debacker, T. N.
De Vos, W.
Everaerts, M.
Herbosch, A.
Samuelsson, J.
Sintubin, M.
Vecoli, M. 2002 The Cambrian to mid Devonian basin development and deformation history of Eastern Avalonia, east of the Midlands Microcraton; new data and a review 47-93) Palaeozoic Amalgamation of Central Europe 201+ Winchester, J.A.
Pharaoh, T.C.
Verniers, J. London& Geological Society Special Publication Anglo-Brabant-Belt; Ardennes-; Avalonia-; Baltica-; basins-; Belgium-; biota-; Brabant-Massif; Caledonian-Orogeny; Caledonides-; Cambrian-; Central-Europe; Condroz-Inlier; deformation-; Devonian-; Europe-; fossils-; Gondwana-; gravity-anomalies; Great-Britain; igneous-rocks; Invertebrata-; Lake-District; lithostratigraphy-; magmatism-; metamorphism-; Midlands-Microcraton; models-; paleoclimatology-; paleogeography-; paleomagnetism-; Paleozoic-; plate-tectonics; Pomerania-; Precambrian-; Rhenohercynian-; rifting-; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; subduction-; tectonic-units; tectonostratigraphic-units; United-Kingdom; Wales-; Welsh-Basin; Western-Europe; Structural-geology; Stratigraphy Structural Geology A review is given of recently published and new data on Avalonia east of the Midlands Microcraton. The three megasequences from Cambrian to mid Devonian described in Wales and Welsh Borderland are also present east of the Midlands Microcraton (Brabant Massif, Condroz, Ardennes, Remscheid and Ebbe inliers, Krefeld high). The three megasequences are caused by a tectonic driving mechanism and are explained by three different geodynamic contexts: an earlier phase with extensional basins or rifting and rather thick sequences, when Avalonia was still attached to Gondwana; a second phase with a shelf basin with moderately thin sequences when Avalonia was a separate continent and a later phase with a shelf or foreland basin development and thick sequences. Deformation of the megasequences 1 and 2 or 1 to 3 varies between areas. In Wales and the Lake District the Acadian phase is long-lived and active from early to mid Devonian. In the Ardennes inliers a deformation is active between the late Ordovician and the Silurian (Ardennian Phase), with a similar intensity as the core of the Brabant Massif, when present erosion levels are compared. The Brabant Massif is partly deformed by the long-lived Brabantian Phase from late Silurian till early mid Devonian. Both the Ardennes inliers and the Brabant Massif are not classic orogenic belts, only slate belts where no more than the epizone is reached at present erosion levels. Areas supposedly close to the microcraton or basement are nearly undeformed (SW Brabant Massif and central Condroz). A model of anticlockwise rotation of Avalonia of about 55 degrees from Caradoc to Emsian is proposed to explain the deposition setting of megasequence 3 and the subsequent Acadian and Brabantian deformation. Immediately after the Avalonian microcontinent touched Baltica in Caradoc times it created a short-lived subduction magmatic event from The Wash to the Brabant Massif and soon after the magmatism ended a foreland basin developed. Possibly during and after that development a long-lived and slow compressional event occurred, leading to the deformation of the Anglo-Brabant Deformation Belt. In the early Devonian, contemporaneous with the shortening of the Anglo-Brabant Deformation Belt, extension occurred in the Rheno-Hercynian Zone, possibly caused by the same slow rotation of Avalonia. More evidence emerges that Avalonia east of the Midlands Microcraton comprises not one but probably two terranes: the remnant of the palaeocontinent Avalonia, and what is called the palaeocontinent Far Eastern Avalonia; the latter is only occasionally observed in the few deep boreholes into the Heligoland-Pomerania Deformation Belt, in southern Denmark, NE Germany and NW Poland, with scant available indirect data in between indicating only Proterozoic basement and no Caledonian deformation. For Far Eastern Avalonia a similar palaeogeographical history is postulated as Avalonia, with rifting from Gondwana in Arenig or earlier times, collision with Baltica before the mid-Ashgill and deformation between the late Ordovician and latest Silurian. The Avalonia concept might need to be expanded to an "Avalonian Terrane Assemblage" with cratonic cores and small short-lived oceans as in the Armorican Terrane Assemblage. Western Europe
Palaeozoic +?- Amler, M.R.W.
Stoppel, D. 2006> Stratigraphie von Deutschland VI - Unterkarbon (Mississippium) 590@ Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 41 Amler, M.R.W.
Stoppel, D. Hannover Schr.-R. Dt.Ges. Geowiss. Stratigraphy Germany
Carboniferous 1?0 1 Tait, J. A.
Bachtadse, V.
Franke, W.
Soffel, H.C. 1997b Geodynamic evolution of the European Variscan fold belt; palaeomagnetic and geological constraints 585-598 Geologische Rundschau 86 3- Armorican-Massif; Avalonia-; Central-Europe; controls-; Devonian-; Europe-; fold-belts; France-; geodynamics-; global-; Hercynian-Orogeny; microplates-; Ordovician-; orogeny-; paleogeography-; paleomagnetism-; Paleozoic-; plate-tectonics; Silurian-; Variscides-; Western-Europe; Solid-earth-geophysics Structural Geology Europe
Palaeozoic?1 M Banka, D.
Pharaoh, T. C.
Williamson, J. P.
Lee, M. K.
Thybo, H.
Wybraniec, S. 2002W Potential field imaging of Palaeozoic orogenic structure in Northern and Central Europe 23-45 Tectonophysics 360 1-4 Amsterdam Armorican-Massif; Avalonia-; Baltic-Shield; Bruno-Silesia; Central-Europe; crust-; Europe-; France-; geophysical-methods; geophysical-profiles; geophysical-surveys; gravity-methods; lithosphere-; Lysogory-Terrane; magnetic-methods; Malopolska-Terrane; orogenic-belts; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; potential-field; Russian-Platform; surveys-; suture-zones; tectonics-; terranes-; Trans-European-suture-zone; Western-Europe; Solid-earth-geophysics; Applied-geophysics
Geophysics The Trans-European suture zone (TESZ) is the most fundamental lithospheric boundary in Europe, separating the ancient crust of the Fennoscandian Shield-East European Craton from the younger crust of Central Europe, and extending deep into the mantle. Geophysical potential field images provide an overview of the entire Paleozoic orogenic system of Northern and Central Europe for the first time. The TESZ is largely concealed by sedimentary basins of Permian-Cenozoic age; geological observations are largely restricted to local basement highs and deep boreholes, and the coverage of deep seismic surveys is widely spaced, despite experiments recently acquired within the EUROPROBE program. By contrast, the potential field data offer a relatively detailed coverage of standardized observations throughout the TESZ. While some features of the images may be sourced in the near surface, particularly in the gravity image, much of their content reflects the structure of the underlying Palaeozoic basement. At the scale presented, the images highlight the most fundamental features of the crustal structure of the TESZ. These include the strong contrast between the highly magnetic crust of the East European Craton and the less magnetic Paleozoic-accreted terranes of Central Europe; the lateral continuity of terranes and their internal structure, particularly where arc-magmatic complexes are involved; and the location and geometry of the terrane boundaries (oceanic sutures and strike-slip zones) that separate them. Europe
Palaeozoic < 8)-1438800435/Bailey et al. (1998).pdf
?2 . Krawczyk, C. M.
Eilts, F.
Lassen, A.
Thybo, H. 2002 Seismic evidence of Caledonian deformed crust and uppermost mantle structures in the northern part of the Trans-European suture zone, SW Baltic Sea 215-244 Tectonophysics 360 1-4T Atlantic-Ocean; Avalonia-; Baltic-Sea; Baltica-; Caledonian-Orogeny; crust-; DEKORP-; faults-; geophysical-methods; geophysical-profiles; geophysical-surveys; lithosphere-; mantle-; marine-methods; Mohorovicic-discontinuity; normal-faults; North-Atlantic; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; plate-collision; plate-tectonics; Precambrian-; prestack-migration; reflection-methods; seismic-methods; seismic-migration; seismic-profiles; shear-zones; streamers-; surveys-; suture-zones; Sveconorwegian-Orogeny; tectonic-elements; Trans-European-suture-zone; upper-mantle; Solid-earth-geophysics; Applied-geophysics
Geophysics Collisional structures from the closure of the Tornquist Ocean and subsequent amalgamation of Avalonia and Baltica during the Caledonian Orogeny in the northern part of the Trans-European suture zone (TESZ) in the SW Baltic Sea are investigated. A grid of marine reflection seismic lines was gathered in 1996 during the DEKORP-BASIN '96 campaign, shooting with an airgun array of 52 l total volume and recording with a digital streamer of up to 2.1 km length. The detailed reflection seismic analysis is mainly based on post-stack migrated sections of this survey, but one profile has also been processed by a pre-stack depth migration algorithm. The data provides well-constrained images of upper crustal reflectivity and lower crustal/uppermost mantle reflections. In the area of the Caledonian suture, a reflection pattern is observed with opposing dips in the upper crust and the uppermost mantle. Detailed analysis of dipping reflections in the upper crust provides evidence for two different sets of reflections, which are separated by the O-horizon, the main decollement of the Caledonian deformation complex. S-dipping reflections beneath the sub-Permian discontinuity and above the O-horizon are interpreted as Caledonian thrust structures. Beneath the O-horizon, SW-dipping reflections in the upper crust are interpreted as ductile shear zones and crustal deformation features that evolved during the Sveconorwegian Orogeny. The Caledonian deformation complex is subdivided into (1) S-dipping foreland thrusts in the north, (2) the S-dipping suture itself that shows increased reflectivity, and (3) apparently NE-dipping downfaulted sedimentary horizons south of the Avalonia-Baltica Suture, which may have been reactivated during Mesozoic normal faulting. The reflection Moho at 28-35 km depth appears to truncate a N-dipping mantle structure, which may represent remnant structures from Tornquist Ocean closure or late-collisional compressional shear planes in the upper mantle. A contour map of these mantle reflections indicates a consistent northward dip, which is steepest where there is strong bending of the Caledonian deformation front. The thin-skinned character of the Caledonian deformation complex and the fact that N-dipping mantle reflections do not truncate the Moho indicate that the Baltica crust was not mechanically involved in the Caledonian collision and, therefore, escaped deformation in this area. Northern Europe
Palaeozoic k
?7 % Hampson, G.J.
Elliott, T.
Flint, S.S. 1996 Critical application of high resolution sequence stratigraphic concepts to the Rough Rock Group (Upper Carboniferous) of northern England 221-246C High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy: Innovations and Applications 104 1 Howell, J.A.
Aitken, J.F.. London' Geological Society Special Publications Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; coal-; correlation-; deltaic-environment; England-; Europe-; fluvial-environment; Great-Britain; high-resolution-methods; Namurian-; northern-England; paleogeography-; paleosols-; Paleozoic-; Pennines-; Rough-Rock-Group; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-rocks; sequence-stratigraphy; shale-; siliciclastics-; structural-controls; synsedimentary-processes; transgression-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy Stratigraphy UK
Carboniferous @
8(1996)-2068273721/Hampson et al. (1996).pdf ?8 . Hance, Luc
Poty, Eddy
Devuyst, Francois Xavier 2001w Stratigraphie sequentielle du Dinantien type (Belgique) et correlation avec le Nord de la France (Boulonnais, Avesnois) 411-426. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 172 4 Avesnes-France; Belgium-; biostratigraphy-; Boulonnais-; Carboniferous-; chronostratigraphy-; Conodonta-; correlation-; depositional-environment; Dinant-Basin; Dinantian-; Europe-; Foraminifera-; France-; Invertebrata-; lithofacies-; lithostratigraphy-; microfossils-; Namur-Belgium; paleoenvironment-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; Pas-de-Calais-France; Protista-; sequence-stratigraphy; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy Stratigraphy The relative influences of local tectonics and global eustasy in the architecture of the sedimentary units of the Namur-Dinant Basin (southern Belgium) are determined. Nine third-order sequences are recognised. During the Lower Tournaisian (Hastarian and lower Ivorian) a homoclinal ramp extended from southern Belgium through southern England (Mendips) and into southern Ireland. From the upper Ivorian to the lower Visean rapid facies changes occurred due to progradation and increasing prominence of Waulsortian mudmounds. Progradation gradually produced a situation in which inner shelf facies covered the Namur (NSA), Condroz (CSA) and southern Avesnes (ASA) sedimentation areas, whereas outer shelf facies were restricted to the Dinant sedimentation area (DSA). During the middle and late Visean a broad shelf was established from western Germany to southern Ireland. Because the shelf built up mainly by aggradation, parasequences can be followed over a large area. An early phase of Variscan shortening is perceptible during the Livian. The stratigraphic gap between the first Namurian sediments (E2 Goniatite Zone) and the underlying Visean varies from place to place, but is more important in the north. Belgium
Carboniferous p ?4 Herbig, H.-G 2005| Die internationale Mississippium-Pennsylvanium-Grenze – Entwicklung des Konzeptes, Definition und Anwendung in Deutschland 3-12O Stratigraphie von Deutschland V - Das Oberkarbon (Pennsylvanium) in Deutschland 254 254 Wrede, V. Frankfurt a. M. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg Stratigraphy Germany
Carboniferous?5 U Neves, R.
Gueinn, K. J.
Clayton, G.
Ioannides, N. S.
Neville, R. S. W.
Kruszewska, K. 1973Z Palynological Correlations within the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland and Northern England 24-53' Transactions Royal Society of Edinburgh 69 2 biostratigraphy-; Carboniferous-; Dinantian-; England-; Europe-; Great-Britain; microfossils-; miospores-; new-taxa; Paleozoic-; palynomorphs-; Scotland-; stratigraphy-; taxonomy-; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy
Palaeontology Description and distribution of miospore species and zones in Dinantian series with marked variations in facies; two new genera, 15 new species. UK
Carboniferous ( ?6 G Clayton, G.
Colthurst, J. R. J.
Higgs, K.
Jones, G. L. L.
Keegan, J. B. 19778 Tournaisian miospores and conodonts from County Kilkenny 99-106, Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Ireland 2( assemblages-; biostratigraphy-; Carboniferous-; Conodonta-; correlation-; Devonian-; Dinantian-; Europe-; Ireland-; Kilkenny-; Lower-Limestone-Shale; microfossils-; miospores-; Mississippian-; Old-Red-Sandstone; Paleozoic-; palynomorphs-; stratigraphy-; Tournaisian-; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy
Palaeontology Ireland
Carboniferous?7 & Owens, B.
Gueinn, K. J.
Cameron, I. B. 1977z A Tournaisian miospore assemblage from the Altagoan Formation (Upper Calciferous Sandstone), Draperstown, Northern Ireland 313-324 Pollen et Spores 19 2 Altagoan-Formation; Altagoan-River; biostratigraphy-; Carboniferous-; Dinantian-; Europe-; microfossils-; miospores-; Northern-Ireland; paleobotany-; Paleozoic-; palynomorphs-; Tournaisian-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Calciferous-Sandstone; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy
Palaeontology Ireland
Carboniferous ?; / Hoffmann, N.
Lindert, W.
Weyer, D.
Illers, K.H. 1975= Zum Unterkarbon-Vorkommen auf den Inseln Ruegen und Hiddensee 851-873+ Zeitschrift für Geologische Wissenschaften 3 7 biostratigraphy-; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; Culm-; Dinantian-; East-Germany; Europe-; Germany-; Hiddensee-Island; Kohlenkalk-; lithostratigraphy-; Mecklenburg-Western-Pomerania-Germany; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; Rugen-Island; stratigraphy-; Stratigraphy Palaeogeography Germany
Carboniferous ?=
Gursky, H. 2006. Paläogeographie, Paloozeanographie und Fazies 51-68> Stratigraphie von Deutschland VI - Unterkarbon (Mississippium) 41 Amler, M.R.W.
Stoppel, D. Hannover Schr. R. Dt. Ges. Geowiss. Palaeogeography Germany
Carboniferous?> ! Johnson, G. A. L.
Tarling, D. H. 1985A Continental convergence and closing seas during the Carboniferous 163-168R Compte Rendu Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifère 4 - 163-168 - accretion-; biogeography-; Carboniferous-; continental-drift; Devonian-; Gondwana-; Laurasia-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; plate-collision; plate-convergence; plate-tectonics; stratigraphy-; Stratigraphy; Structural-geology Structural Geology 4 Generic
Carboniferous ?? Chadwick, R.A.
Evans, D.J. 2005D A seismic atlas of southern Britain - images of subsurface structure 193 7 Keyworth0 British Geological Survey Occasional Publication
Geophysics UK GenericO?@
Franke, W. 1989A Tectonostratigraphic units in the Variscan Belt of Central Europe 67-901 Terranes in the Circum-Atlantic Paleozoic orogens 230 Dallmeyer, R.D. Boulder Geological Society of America6 basins-; Bohemian-Massif; Central-Europe; continental-crust; correlation-; crust-; Europe-; evolution-; faults-; Gondwana-; Hercynian-Orogeny; IGCP-; low-pressure; metamorphism-; nappes-; oceanic-crust; orogeny-; paleolatitude-; Pan-African-Orogeny; plate-collision; plate-convergence; Precambrian-; pressure-; Proterozoic-; Rhenohercynian-Basin; rifting-; Saxothuringian-Zone; sedimentary-basins; structural-geology; subduction-; tectonics-; tectonostratigraphic-units; thermal-history; three-dimensional-models; thrust-faults; upper-Precambrian; Structural-geology Structural Geology Central Europe
Palaeozoic k?A Amler, M.R.W.
Herbig, H.-G 2006{ Ostrand der Kohlenkalk-Plattform und Übergang in das Kulm-Becken im westlichsten Deutschland zwischen Aachen und Wuppertal 441-477> Stratigraphie von Deutschland VI - Unterkarbon (Mississippium) 41 Amler, M.R.W.
Stoppel, D. Hannover Schr.-R. Dt.Ges. Geowiss. Stratigraphy Germany
Carboniferous ?B ; Buchholz, P.
Obert, C.
Trapp, E.
Wachendorf, H.
Zellmer, H. 2006 Westharz 387-413> Stratigraphie von Deutschland VI - Unterkarbon (Mississippium) 41 Amler, M.R.W.
Stoppel, D. Hannover Schr. R. Dt. Ges. Geowiss. Stratigraphy Germany
Carboniferous .?A , Ramsbottom, W. H. C.
Ridd, M. F.
Read, W. A. 1979b Rates of transgression and regression in the Carboniferous of NW Europe; with discussion and reply 147-154" Journal of the Geological Society 136, Rates of marine transgression and regression Carboniferous-; cyclic-processes; deposition-; Europe-; Namurian-; northwestern-Europe; Paleozoic-; regression-; sea-level-changes; sedimentation-; stratigraphy-; synthems-; transgression-; Upper-Carboniferous; Westphalian-C; Stratigraphy Palaeogeography Western Europe
Carboniferous ?B Smith, N. T. 1999j Variscan inversion within the Cheshire Basin, England; Carboniferous evolution north of the Variscan Front 211-225 Tectonophysics 309 1-4 Carboniferous-; Cheshire-Basin; Cheshire-England; England-; Europe-; faults-; forelands-; geophysical-methods; geophysical-profiles; geophysical-surveys; Great-Britain; Hercynian-Orogeny; inversion-tectonics; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; reflection-methods; sedimentary-rocks; seismic-methods; seismic-profiles; seismic-stratigraphy; sequence-stratigraphy; structural-analysis; surveys-; tectonics-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Variscides-; Western-Europe; Structural-geology; Applied-geophysics Structural GeologyA A comprehensive seismic reflection and borehole database over the whole of the Cheshire Basin has allowed examination of the Carboniferous succession beneath a thick Permo-Triassic cover. Construction of a seismic sequence stratigraphy involving the recognition of unconformity-bounded packages has allowed the examination of the control by tectonics of sedimentation within the pre-Permo-Triassic of the Cheshire Basin. The Carboniferous has been divided into two unconformity-bound megasequences, i.e. Dinantian MS10.0 and Namurian-Westphalian MS20.0. These are deformed by a hitherto unknown series of Variscan structures. Interpretation of these structures has allowed assessment of the Variscan Orogeny in this area of the Variscan foreland. Considerable Variscan inversion in the area exists 100-150 km north of the Variscan Fold-Thrust Front and is suggested to illustrate the effects of predominantly E-W directed compression, especially to the north of the northern apex of the adjacent Midlands Microcraton. Compression occurred during TWO Late Carboniferous pulses of thrusting. UK
Carboniferous ?G Kornpihl, K. 2005F Tectono-sedimentary Evolution of the NE German Variscan Foreland Basin 123 Bonn University of Bonn Geology Germany
Carboniferous 4 l` Ĩ0696848134/Kormpihl (2005).pdf ?H Langenaeker, V. 2000y The Campine Basin. Stratigraphy, structural geology, coalification and hydrocarbon potential for the Devonian to Jurassic 142 Leuven Leuven University Geology Belgium4 Devonian; Carboniferous; Permian; Triassic; Jurassic 8 ?| -0304936448/Langenaeker (2000).pdf P ?I Wrede, V.
Ribbert, K.H. 2005Y Das Oberkarbon (Silesium) am Nordrand des rechtsrheinischen Schiefergebirges (Ruhrkarbon) 225-254O Stratigraphie von Deutschland V - Das Oberkarbon (Pennsylvanium) in Deutschland 254 Wrede, V. Frankfurt a. M. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg Geology Germany
Carboniferous
?J ) Van Buggenum, J.M.
den Hartog Jager, D.G. 2007 Silesian 43-62 Geology of the Netherlands -' Wong, Th.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
de Jager, J. Amsterdam. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Geology Netherlands
Carboniferous ` 4
-en Hartog Jager (2007)-3114152192/Van Buggenum & den Hartog Jager (2007).pdf
;?K P Ziegler, P.A.
Schumacher, M. E.
Dèzes, P.
van Wees, J. D.
Cloetingh, S.A. P. L. 2004j Post-Variscan evolution of the lithosphere in the Rhine Graben area; constraints from subsidence modelling 289-3173 Permo-Carboniferous Magmatism and Rifting in Europe 223P Wilson, M.
Neumann, E.R.
Davies, G.R.
Timmerman, M.J.
Heeremans, M.
Larsen, B.T. London& Geological Society Special Publication+ Bohemian-Massif; Carboniferous-; Cenozoic-; Central-Europe; crust-; Europe-; France-; Franconian-Platform; geophysical-methods; geophysical-profiles; geophysical-surveys; Hercynian-Orogeny; lithosphere-; Lorraine-; Moldanubian-; Nancy-Pirmasens-Trough; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; Paris-Basin; reflection-methods; Rhenohercynian-; rift-zones; Saxothuringian-; seismic-methods; seismic-profiles; Southern-Permian-Basin; Stephanian-; subsidence-; surveys-; suture-zones; Upper-Carboniferous; Upper-Rhine-Graben; Variscides-; Western-Europe; Solid-earth-geophysics Structural GeologyB In the area of the Cenozoic Rhine rift system, crustal and lithospheric thicknesses range between 24 and 35 km, and 60 and 120 km, respectively. This rift system transects the deeply truncated Variscan Orogen and superimposed Permo-Carboniferous wrench-induced troughs, and Late Permian and Mesozoic thermal sag basins. At the time of its Westphalian consolidation, the Variscan Orogen was probably characterized by 45-60 km deep-crustal roots that were that were associated with its Rheno-Hercynian-Saxo-Thuringian, Saxo-Thuringian-Bohemian and Bohemian-Moldanubian sutures, all of which are transected by the Cenozoic Rhine rift system. During the Stephanian-Early Permian wrench-induced disruption of the Variscan Orogen, subducted lithospheric slabs were detached causing upwelling of hot mantle material. During the resulting thermal surge, partial delamination and/or thermal thinning of the continental mantle-lithosphere induced regional uplift. At the same time the Variscan orogenic roots were destroyed and crystal thicknesses reduced to 28-35 km in response to the combined effects of mantle-derived melts interacting with the lower crust, regional erosional unroofing of the crust and, on a more local scale, by its mechanical stretching. Towards the end of the Early Permian, the potential temperature of the asthenosphere returned to ambient levels. With this, regional, long-term thermal subsidence of the lithosphere commenced, controlling the development of a new system of Late Permian and Mesozoic thermal sag basins. However, the evolution of these basins was repeatedly overprinted by minor short-term subsidence accelerations that reflect the build-up of far-field stresses related to rifting in the Tethyan and Atlantic domains. Comparison of observed and modelled subsidence curves suggests that in the area of the Rhine rift system the lithosphere had equilibrated with the asthenosphere at the end of the Cretaceous at depths of 100-120 km, before it became thermally destabilized again by Cenozoic rifting and plume-related magmatism. Modelled subsidence curves indicate that by the end of Early Permian times the thermal thickness of the remnant mantle-lithosphere ranged between 10 and 50 km in areas that were later incorporated into Mesozoic thermal sag basins; this corresponds to mid-Permian thermal lithosphere thicknesses of 40-80 km. Germany Generic ?L Bard, J. P. 1997 Demembrement ante-mesozoique de la chaine varisque d'Europe occidentale et d'Afrique du Nord; role essentiel des grands decrochements transpressifs dextres accompagnant la rotation-translation horaire de l'Afrique durant le Stephanien 693-7043 Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Serie II 324 9Y Africa-; African-Plate; Carboniferous-; displacements-; Europe-; faults-; Gondwana-; lateral-faults; movement-; North-Africa; Paleozoic-; plate-rotation; plate-tectonics; preferred-orientation; right-lateral-faults; Stephanian-; strike-slip-faults; tectonics-; transpression-; Upper-Carboniferous; Variscides-; Western-Europe; Structural-geology Structural Geology In western Europe and North-Africa, the continental Stephanian is a period of major dextral transpressive faulting associated with the large clockwise rotation-translation of Africa (Gondwana) towards North America. This is the first reason why this belt has been strongly fragmented in numerous exotic segments before new redistributions during the circum-mediterranean Alpine orogenic processes. It is attempted to rebuild the "puzzle" just before and after the Stephanian. Western Europe
Palaeozoic?M Drozdzewski, G. 1992 Zur Faziesentwicklung im Oberkarbon des Ruhrbeckens, abgeleitet aus Mächtigkeitskarten und lithostratigraphischen Gesamtprofilen 41-48$ Zeitschrift der Angewandten Geologie 38 Clastic sedimentology Germany
Carboniferous ?N ! Glennie, K. 2007: Early exploration in the Southern Permian Basin Atlas area -
Geo-Pomerania - Szczecin - Petroleum Geology Western Europe Generic)?O 7 Hollmann, G.
Klug, B.
Schmitz, J.
Stahl, E.
Wellens, M. 1997W Schneeren-Husum - zur Geologie einer Erdgaslagerstätte im Nordwestdeutschen Oberkarbon 33-34E Niedersächsische Akademie der Geowissenschaften, Veröffentlichungen 13 Petroleum Geology Germany
Carboniferous9?P 8 O'Mara, P.T.
Merryweather, M.
Stockwell, M.
Bowler, M.M. 2003/ The Trent gas field, block 43-24a, UK North Sea 835-849B United Kingdom Oil and Gas Fields, Commemorative Millennium Volume 20 Gluyas, J.
Hichens, H.M. London Geological Society Memoir Atlantic-Ocean; clastic-rocks; Europe-; geophysical-methods; natural-gas; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; oil-and-gas-fields; permeability-; petroleum-; petroleum-engineering; petroleum-exploration; porosity-; production-; reserves-; reservoir-properties; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; seismic-methods; structural-traps; traps-; Trent-Field; Trent-Sandstone; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Petroleum GeologyG The Trent gas field lies within the UKCS Southern Gas Basin (Block 43/24a) located 120 km off the Yorkshire coast in average water depths of 160 ft. The accumulation is contained within a NW-SE trending Base Permian closure, which straddles blocks 43/24, 43/23 and 43/25. The Carboniferous subcrop beneath the Base Permian unconformity varies in age from Westphalian A in the east to Namurian in the west. Although the Base Permian closure covers an area of 75 km (super 2) the producible reserves are only located in the central core area of 43/24a. The main reservoir horizon is the Trent Sandstone of Marsdenian age, equivalent to the Chatsworth Grit Sandstone, UK onshore. Additional reservoir zones are within the lowermost Westphalian A. The field has been developed through the application of fracture stimulation of deviated wells. UK
Carboniferous L?Q ) Kombrink, H.
Bridge, J. S.
Stouthamer, E. 2007W The alluvial architecture of the Coevorden Field (Upper Carboniferous), the Netherlands 3-14" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 86 1 alluvial-architecture; bars-; Carboniferous-; channels-; clastic-rocks; Coevorden-Field; cores-; correlation-; depositional-environment; dimensions-; Ems-Low; Europe-; Gronau-fault-zone; mudstone-; Netherlands-; oil-and-gas-fields; paleoclimatology-; paleocurrents-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; planar-bedding-structures; reconstruction-; sand-bodies; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentary-structures; tectonics-; thickness-; Tubbergen-Formation; Upper-Carboniferous; well-logs; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Stratigraphy Clastic sedimentology4 A detailed reconstruction of the alluvial architecture of the Coevorden gas Field (Tubbergen Formation, Upper Carboniferous), which is located in the northeastern part of the Netherlands, is presented. This reconstruction is based on well logs, cross-sections and paleogeographic maps. Sedimentological analysis of a 93 m long core allowed to refine the interpretation of the depositional environment. Accurate width determinations are necessary to correctly correlate fluvial sandbodies and reconstruct alluvial architecture. Without using sedimentological information, sandbody width is likely to be overestimated. A method developed by Bridge and Type (2000) was used to calculate the width of one sandstone body from cross-set thicknesses. On the basis of this calculation and the paleogeographic reconstructions, it may be stated that on average the width of the channel belts we studied in the Coevorden field does not exceed 4 km. Moreover, our paleogeographic reconstructions, which point to a northwestern direction of paleoflow, are in accordance with earlier observations from the study area. The Tubbergen Formation and time-equivalent sediments in Germany are reviewed briefly to put the Coevorden Field in a regional context. The thickness of the Tubbergen Formation is approximately 450 m in our study area. In the adjacent German area, time-equivalent sedimentary sequences reach higher thicknesses. This may be attributed to tectonic movements along the Gronau Fault zone and the coming into existence of the Ems Low, of which the Coevorden Field is the westernmost part. Netherlands
Carboniferous @ 1p007)-1618976006/Kombrink et al. (2007).pdf ?S H Jureczka, J. 1995t Useful accompanying minerals occurring in Carboniferous rocks of Poland. Coalbed methane. Upper Silesian Coal Basin. 177-178" The Carboniferous system in Poland 149 Zdanowski, A.
Żakowa, H. -) Prace Państowego Instytuto Geologicznego
Mineralogy Poland
Carboniferous k ?T H
Zdanowski, A. 1995G Useful accompanying minerals occurring in Carboniferous rocks of Poland 176-177" The Carboniferous system in Poland 148 Zdanowski, A.
Żakowa, H. -* Prace Państwowego Instytuto Geologicznego Natural resources Poland
Carboniferous ?U
Grotek, I. 2005 Alteration of the coalification degree of the organic matter dispersed in the Carboniferous sediments along border of the East-European Craton in Poland 5-80- Biuletyn Państwowego Instytuto Geologicznego 413 Geochemistry Poland
Carboniferous?V X $ Poprawa, P.
Grotek, I.
Żywiecki, M. 2005 Impact of the Permian magmatic activity on the thermal maturation of the Carboniferous sediments on the outer Variscan Orogen (SW Poland) 253-2601 Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne Special Papers 26 Magmatism Poland
Palaeozoic?W B Pearce, T. J.
Wray, D.
Ratcliffe, K.
Wright, D. K.
Moscariello, A. 2005S Chemostratigraphy of the Upper Carboniferous Schooner Formation, southern North Sea 147-164X Carboniferous hydrocarbon geology - The southern North Sea and surrounding onshore areas 7= Collinson, John D.
Evans, David J.
Holliday, D.W.
Jones, N.S. -3 Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional Publication Geochemistry UK North Sea
Carboniferous < t 5)-3927691270/Pearce et al. (2005).pdf ?X Cocks, L. R. M.
Fortey, R. A. 1982D Faunal evidence for oceanic separations in the Palaeozoic of Britain 465-478" Journal of the Geological Society 139 4 Arthropoda-; biogeography-; Brachiopoda-; continental-drift; Europe-; faunal-list; Iapetus-; Invertebrata-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; stratigraphy-; sutures-; Trilobita-; Trilobitomorpha-; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy
Palaeontology UK
Palaeozoic ?Y h Lipiec, Michal
Matyja, Hanna 1998 Architektura depozycyjna basenu dolnokarbonskiego na obszarze pomorskim (Lower Carboniferous depositional structure of the sedimentary basin in Pomerania) 101-112* Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 165 basin-analysis; basins-; biostratigraphy-; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; deposition-; Dinantian-; Europe-; lithofacies-; lithostratigraphy-; Paleozoic-; Poland-; Polish-Lowland; Pomerania-; sedimentary-basins; Sedimentary-petrology Palaeogeography Poland
Carboniferous ?Z
3 Frank, Friedhelm
Zinkernagel, Ulf
Füchtbauer, Hans 1992G Zur Liefergebietsfrage der Sandsteine des Nordwestdeutschen Oberkarbons 167 - 0171-2187 - DGMK Berichte 384-8 Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; clastic-rocks; detritus-; Europe-; fission-tracks; Germany-; Lower-Saxony-Germany; mineral-composition; molasse-; nesosilicates-; North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany; Northwestern-German-Plain; northwestern-Germany; orthosilicates-; Paleozoic-; provenance-; Rhine-Westphalian-Basin; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; silicates-; stratigraphic-columns; textures-; Upper-Carboniferous; zircon-; Sedimentary-petrology
Mineralogy - Germany
Carboniferous?b ) Hoth, P.
Lindert, W.
Hoth, K.A.
Weyer, D. 2005 Das Oberkarbon des zentralen Bereiches der Mitteleuropäischen Senke in Norddeutschland (Südwest-Mecklenburg, Nordwest-Brandenburg, Altmark) 335-354O Stratigraphie von Deutschland V - Das Oberkarbon (Pennsylvanium) in Deutschland 254 Wrede, V. Frankfurt a. M. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg Palaeogeography Germany
Carboniferous ? Wrede, V. 2000s Struktureller Bau und Mächtigkeit des „Flözleeren“ (Namur A-C) im Raum Hasslinghausen (südliches Ruhrkarbon) 171-1853 Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 151 Structural Geology Germany
Carboniferous< ?c h Waksmundzka, M.I. 1998; Depositional architecture of the Carboniferous Lublin basin 89-100* Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 165 Clastic sedimentology Poland
Carboniferousi?d Roscher, M.
Schneider, J.W. 2006 Permo-Carboniferous climate; Early Pennsylvanian to Late Permian climate development of Central Europe in a regional and global context 95-1364 Non-marine Permian biostratigraphy and biochronology 265( Lucas, S.G.
Cassinis, G.
Schneider, J.W. London& Geological Society Special Publicationz ancient-ice-ages; arid-environment; basins-; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; Europe-; glacial-geology; glaciation-; lithostratigraphy-; paleo-oceanography; paleoclimatology-; paleocurrents-; paleoenvironment-; paleogeography-; paleosalinity-; Paleozoic-; Pangaea-; Pennsylvanian-; Permian-; seasonal-variations; terrestrial-environment; topography-; wind-transport; Stratigraphy ClimateV A well-justified stratigraphical correlation of continental successions and new palaeogeographic reconstruction of Pangaea reveal new insights into the northern Pangaean climate development influenced by palaeogeography, palaeotopography, glacio-eustatic sealevel changes and ocean currents. The overall Permo-Carboniferous aridization trend was interrupted by five wet phases. These are linked to the Gondwana icecap. The aridization and weakening of wet phases over time were not only caused by the drift of northern Pangaea to the arid climatic belt, but also by the successive closure of the Rheic Ocean, which caused the expansion of arid/semi-arid environments in the Lower/Middle Permian. The end of the Gondwana glaciation rearranged ocean circulation, leading to a cold, coast-parallel ocean current west of northern Pangaea, blocking moisture coming with westerly winds. The maximum of aridity was reached during the Roadian/Wordian. The Trans-Pangaean Mountain Belt was non-existent. Its single diachronous parts never exceeded an average elevation of 2000 m. The maximum elevation shifted during time from east to west. The Hercynian orogen never acted as an orographic east-west barrier, and the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone was widely displaced, causing four seasons (dry summer/winter, wet spring/autumn) at the equator and a strong monsoon system. Central Europe Carboniferous; Permian H pL er (2006)-0212096774/Roscher & Schneider (2006).pdf ?f * Poty, E.
Hance, L.
Lees, Al.
Hennebert, M. 2001, Dinantian lithostratigraphic units (Belgium) 69-93 Geologica Belgica 4 1-22 Anthozoa-; Belgium-; biostratigraphy-; carbonate-platforms; Carboniferous-; Coelenterata-; Conodonta-; Dinant-Basin; Dinantian-; Europe-; Foraminifera-; Invertebrata-; lithostratigraphy-; microfossils-; Namur-Basin; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; Protista-; Rugosa-; Western-Europe; Zoantharia-; Stratigraphy Stratigraphy Six paleogeographic sedimentation areas (s.a.) are recognized in the Namur-Dinant Basin: (1) the Hainaut s.a., (2) the Namur s.a., (3) the Condroz s.a., (4) the Dinant s.a., (5) the Vise-Maastricht s.a., and (6) the southern Avesnois s.a. (only in northern France). Together with the sea-level variations (third-order sequences), local controls influenced the nature of the sedimentary deposits, so the lithostratigraphic successions in each sedimentation area are distinctive. The depositional setting was that of a carbonate platform which evolved from a ramp in the early Tournaisian to a rimmed shelf during the early Visean and then to a regionally extensive shelf during the middle and late Visean. Before the Livian, open marine facies were developed to the south, but from the Livian onwards open marine facies were restricted to the north while evaporites developed in the south. This inversion of the normal pattern was probably related to an early phase of Variscan shortening. Dinantian biostratigraphy is mainly based upon foraminifera, rugose corals and conodonts. Fifty formations (including members), 3 groups and 2 informal lithostratigraphic units are briefly described. Belgium
Carboniferous 8 (L )-2666087992/Poty et al. (2001).pdf ?g Poty, E. 1997j Devonian and Carboniferous tectonics in the eastern and southeastern parts of the Brabant Massif (Belgium) 143-144 Aardkundige Mededelingen 8 Belgium-; Brabant-Massif; Carboniferous-; Devonian-; Dinantian-; Europe-; Midi-Eifel-Fault; Namur-Belgium; Paleozoic-; tectonics-; Western-Europe; Structural-geology Structural Geology Belgium Devonian; Carboniferous ?i Krull, P. 2005 Paläogeographischer Rahmen 3-12O Stratigraphie von Deutschland V - Das Oberkarbon (Pennsylvanium) in Deutschland 254 Wrede, V. Frankfurt a. M. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg Palaeogeography Germany
Carboniferous , o281998/Krull (2005).pdf ?j
Selter, V. 1990f Sedimentologie und Klimaentwicklung im Westfal C/D und Stefan des nordwestdeutschen Oberkarbon-Beckens 310 - 384-4 - DGMK Bericht Clastic sedimentology Germany
Carboniferous?k ~ Bless, M. J. M.
Bouckaert, J.
Conil, R.
Groessens, E.
Kasig, W.
Paproth, E.
Poty, E.
van Steenwinkel, M.
Streel, M.
Walter, R. 1980g Pre-Permian depositional environments around the Brabant Massif in Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany 1-81 Sedimentary Geology 27 1 Belgium-; Cambrian-; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; controls-; cyclic-processes; Devonian-; Europe-; evolution-; geologic-maps; Germany-; maps-; marine-environment; Netherlands-; Ordovician-; orogeny-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; provenance-; reefs-; sedimentation-; Silurian-; stratigraphy-; structural-controls; structural-geology; tectonics-; uplifts-; West-Germany; Western-Europe; Sedimentary-petrology Palaeogeography Netherlands; Belgium; Germany
Palaeozoic < H D80)-4244539699/Bless et al. (1980).pdf ?l
g Fuechtbauer, H.
Jankowski, B.
David, E.
David, F.
Frank, F.
Kraft, T.
Sedat, B.
Selter, V.
Strehlau, K. 1991. Sedimentologie des nordwestdeutchen Oberkarbon 75-116 468 0937-9762 -N Berichte Deutsche Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft fuer Erdoel, Erdgas and Kohle~ braided-streams; carbonates-; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; clastic-rocks; clasts-; coal-seams; cyclic-processes; diagenesis-; Europe-; eustacy-; framework-silicates; Germany-; macerals-; molasse-; Paleozoic-; porosity-; quartz-; red-beds; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; siderite-; silica-minerals; silicates-; soils-; spores-; streams-; Upper-Carboniferous; Sedimentary-petrology Clastic sedimentology Germany
Carboniferous ?n N Williamson, J.P.
Pharaoh, T.C.
Banka, D.
Thyboc, H.
Laigle, M.
Lee, M.K. 2002l Potential field modelling of the Baltica–Avalonia (Thor–Tornquist) suture beneath the southern North Sea 47-60 Tectonophysics 360
Geophysics Southern North Sea
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h2002)-1023293185/Williamson et al (2002).pdf
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Chevalier, E. 2007 After the collapse of stromatoporid–coral reefs — the Famennian and Dinantian reefs of Belgium: much more than Waulsortian mounds 163-188I Palaeozoic Reefs and Bioaccumulations: Climatic and Evolutionary Controls 275J Álvaro, J. J.
Aretz, M.
Boulvain, F.
Munnecke, A.
Vachard, D.
Vennin, E. London& Geological Society Special Publication Carbonate sedimentology Belgium Devonian; Carboniferous D h r (2007)-3895971590/Aretz & Chevalier (2007).pdf
?p Dusar, M. 2006 Namurian 163-175 Geologica Belgica 9 Dejonghe, L. Stratigraphy Belgium
Carboniferous $ D 994/Namurian.pdf ?r Dusar, M. 2006
Chokierian 177-187Q Current status of chronostratigraphic units named from Belgium and adjacent areas 9/1-2 Dejonghe, L. Brussels Geologica Belgica Stratigraphy Belgium
Carboniferous , q2999686/Dusar (2006).pdf ?z Poty, E. 1991F Tectonique de blocs dans le prolongement oriental de Massif de Brabant 265-275/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 114 Structural Geology Belgium
Carboniferous
?s 0 Spears, D. A.
Kanaris, S.R.
Riley, N.
Krause, P. 1999L Namurian bentonites in the Pennine Basin, UK; origin and magmatic affinities 385-401
Sedimentology 46 2+ affinities-; alteration-; bentonite-; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; clay-mineralogy; clay-minerals; diagenesis-; England-; Europe-; geochemistry-; Great-Britain; igneous-rocks; illite-; kaolinite-; lithogeochemistry-; metals-; mixed-layer-minerals; Namurian-; Paleozoic-; Pennine-Basin; Pennines-; pyroclastics-; rare-earths; sedimentary-rocks; sheet-silicates; silicates-; smectite-; tonstein-; trace-elements; tuff-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; volcanic-rocks; Western-Europe; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Sedimentary-petrology
Mineralogy UK
Carboniferous 4 I$ites in the Pennine Basin UK%3B origin and magmatic affinities-2792753408/Namurian bentonites in the Pennine Basin UK%3B origin and magmatic affinities.pdf ?t George, T.N.
Johnson, George Anthony Lobjoit
Mitchell, Murray
Prentice, John Edward
Ramsbottom, William Hubert Craven
Sevastopulo, George Demetrius
Wilson, Robert Bryden 19765 A correlation of Dinantian rocks in the British Isles 87 7 London& Special Publication Geological Society biostratigraphy-; Carboniferous-; Dinantian-; Europe-; Invertebrata-; Paleozoic-; stratigraphy-; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy Stratigraphy UK
Carboniferous ?u
o Ramsbottom, W. H. C.
Calver, M. A.
Eagar, R. M. C.
Hodson, F.
Holliday, D. W.
Stubblefield, C. J.
Wilson, R. B. 19784 A correlation of Silesian rocks in the British Isles 81 - 10 -! Special Report Geological Society Carboniferous-; correlation-; Europe-; Great-Britain; lithostratigraphy-; Namurian-; nomenclature-; Paleozoic-; Silesian-; stratigraphy-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Stratigraphy Stratigraphy - UK
Carboniferous ?v Cameron, T.D.J. 19934 Carboniferous and Devonian of the Southern North Sea 1-933 Lithostratigraphic nomenclature of the UK North Sea 5 Knox, R. W. O. B.
Cordey, W.G.
Nottingham British Geological Survey Stratigraphy UK
Palaeozoic?w Besly, B. M. 2005U Late Carboniferous redbeds of the UK southern North Sea, viewed in a regional context 225-226X Carboniferous hydrocarbon geology - The southern North Sea and surrounding onshore areas 7= Collinson, John D.
Evans, David J.
Holliday, D.W.
Jones, N.S. -3 Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional Publication Clastic sedimentology UK
Carboniferous
?x % Verweij, H. 2006I Nitrogen in natural gas accumulations in onshore and offshore Netherlands 25% TNO Built Environment and Geosciences Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic 0
439504128/Verweij (2006).pdf ?z 0 Holloway, S.
Jones, N.S.
Creedy, D.P.
Garner, K. 2005f Can new technologies be used to exploit the coal resources in the Yorkshire-Nottinghamshire Coalfield? 195-208X Carboniferous hydrocarbon geology - The southern North Sea and surrounding onshore areas 7= Collinson, John D.
Evans, David J.
Holliday, D.W.
Jones, N.S. -3 Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional Publication Natural resources UK
CarboniferousJ?{ Bruce, Duncan
Stemmerik, Lars 2003
Carboniferous 83-89M The Millennium Atlas: Petroleum Geology of the Central and Northern North Sea+ Evans, D.
Colin, G.
Armour, A.
Bathurst, P. London Geological Society/ Atlantic-Ocean; basin-analysis; basins-; biostratigraphy-; Buchan-Field; Buchan-Formation; Carboniferous-; chemical-composition; Claymore-Field; correlation-; Denmark-; depositional-environment; Europe-; faults-; Firth-Coal-Formation; Flora-Sandstone; geochemistry-; grabens-; Great-Britain; Highlander-Field; lithostratigraphy-; microfossils-; Millstone-Grit-Formation; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; Norway-; offshore-; oil-and-gas-fields; paleoenvironment-; Paleozoic-; palynomorphs-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; reservoir-rocks; Scandinavia-; Scremerston-Formation; sedimentary-basins; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; source-rocks; stratigraphic-units; systems-; Tayport-Formation; United-Kingdom; well-logging; Western-Europe; Yoredale-Formation; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; Stratigraphy Petroleum Geology North Sea
Carboniferous ,?| \ Muchez, P.
Viaene, W.
Bouckaert, J.
Conil, R.
Dusar, M.
Poty, E.
Soille, P.
Vandenberghe, N. 1991 The occurrence of a microbial buildup at Poederlee (Campine Basin, Belgium); biostratigraphy, sedimentology, early diagenesis and significance for early Warnantian paleogeography 329-339/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 113 2 Anthozoa-; Belgium-; biogenic-structures; bioherms-; biostratigraphy-; boundstone-; Campine-; carbonate-rocks; Carboniferous-; Coelenterata-; diagenesis-; Dinantian-; early-diagenesis; Europe-; grainstone-; Invertebrata-; lower-Warnantian; packstone-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; Poederlee-Belgium; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentary-structures; Visean-; Warnantian-; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy Carbonate sedimentology Belgium
Carboniferous <
d
$les-0387173632/Muchezetal1990Annales.pdf?} / Bless, M. J. M.
Boonen, P.
Dusar, M.
Soille, P. 1981e Microfossils and depositional environment of late Dinantian carbonates at Heibaart (northern Belgium) 135-165/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 104 Arthropoda-; Belgium-; biostratigraphy-; carbonate-rocks; Carboniferous-; Crustacea-; Dinantian-; environment-; Europe-; Foraminifera-; grainstone-; Heibaart-; Invertebrata-; lagoonal-environment; lagoonal-sedimentation; limestone-; Mandibulata-; microcrystalline-limestone; microfossils-; new-taxa; Ostracoda-; paleontology-; Paleozoic-; Protista-; sedimentary-petrology; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; stratigraphy-; wackestone-; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy Carbonate sedimentology Belgium
Carboniferous1?~ 6 Muchez, P.
Conil, R.
Viaene, W.
Bouckaert, J.
Poty, E. 1987m Sedimentology and biostratigraphy of the Visean carbonates of the Heibaart (DzH1) borehole (Northern Belgium) 199-208/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 110 Carbonate sedimentology Belgium
Carboniferous @ I
#nales-2333141760/Muchezet al.1987Annales.pdf ? Cebulak, S. 1988 Zarys geologii podłoża karbonu 31-34( Karbon Lubelskiego Zagłębia Węglowego 122 Dembowski, Z.
Porzycki, J. - Prace Instytutu Geologicznego Clastic sedimentology Poland
Carboniferous t ? Krzywiec, P. 2007f Tectonics of the Lublin area (SE Poland) – new views based on results of seismic data interpretation 1-18- Biuletyn Państwowego Instytuto Geologicznego 422
Geophysics Poland Generic? ? X Paszkowski, M.
Szulczewski, M. 1995R Late Paleozoic carbonate platforms in Polish part of the Moravia-Małopolska shelf - Evolution of the Polish-Moravian carbonate platform in the Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous: Holy Cross Mts., Kraków Upland, Moravian Karst, Guide to Excursion - Szulczewski, M.
Dvorak, J. KrakówA XIII International Congress on Carboniferous-Permian Stratigraphy Carbonate sedimentology Poland Devonian; Carboniferous ? Skompski, S. 1996 Stratigraphic position and facies significance of the limestone bands in the subsurface Carboniferous succession of the Lublin Upland 171-268 Acta Geologica Polonica 46 Stratigraphy Poland
Carboniferous ? X Unrug, R.
Dembowski, Z. 1971@ Rozwój diastroficzno-sedymentacyjny basenu morawsko-śląskiego 119-168 Towarzystwa Geologicznego 41 Geology Poland Generic ?
Wagner, R. 2007 Stratigraphic table of Poland - - Warsaw Polish Geological Institute Stratigraphy Poland Generic P ? X Waksmundzka, M.I. 2005n Ewolucja facjalna i analiza sekwencji w paralicznych utworach karbonu z płn.-zach. i centralnej Lubelszczyzny - Warsaw Polish Geological Institute Clastic sedimentology Poland
Carboniferous ? Waksmundzka, M.I. 20070 Karbon. Litologia, stratygrafia i sedymentologia 124-1306 Profile Głębokich Otworów Wiertniczych Państwowego 118
Pacześna, J. Busówno Instytutu Geologicznego Geology Poland
Carboniferous ? Waksmundzka, M.I. 2007M Karbon. Wyniki badań litologicznych, sedymentologicznych i stratygraficznych 114-1196 Profile Głębokich Otworów Wiertniczych Państwowego 119 Waksmundzka, M.I. Lublin Instytutu Geologicznego Geology Poland
CarboniferousW? Zdanowski, A.
Żakowa, H. 1995" The Carboniferous system in Poland 215 148 -* Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego Geology Poland
Carboniferous
!? & Szulczewski, M.
Belka, Z.
Skompski, S. 1996 The drowning of a carbonate platform; an example from the Devonian-Carboniferous of the southwestern Holy Cross Mountains, Poland 21-49 Sedimentary Geology 106 1-2 carbonate-platforms; carbonate-rocks; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; clastic-rocks; coastal-environment; depositional-environment; Devonian-; Dinantian-; Europe-; Famennian-; Frasnian-; Galezice-; intertidal-environment; limestone-; lithostratigraphy-; Paleozoic-; Poland-; sedimentary-rocks; shale-; shallow-water-environment; stratigraphic-boundary; Swiety-Krzyz-Mountains; Tournaisian-; unconformities-; Upper-Devonian; Visean-; Sedimentary-petrology; Stratigraphy Carbonate sedimentology!
The broad Middle Devonian carbonate platform of the Holy Cross Mountains was fragmented during the Frasnian and afterwards submerged as isolated blocks and transformed into a topographic depression. The section exposed in the Ostrowka quarry illustrates a well-documented drowning of the last small fragment (seamount) of this carbonate platform which submerged during Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous times. The recognized facies succession reflects a progressive, stepwise lowering of the sediment surface through time from a peritidal, lagoonal environment to a deep-water, anoxic basin. The Frasnian shallow-water carbonate platform is represented by lagoonal facies with peritidal sediments. Small-scale deepening-upward cycles punctuated with emersion surfaces are a feature of this stage. They resulted from a combination and continuous balance between carbonate production, subsidence and low-order, eustatic sea-level fluctuations. The carbonate platform aggraded at rates around 100-125 m/Ma. The shallow-water peritidal carbonates are separated from the post-platform deposits by an unconformity surface developed during subaerial exposure. The flooding of the faulted block of Galezice in the pre-late marginifera time and the subsequent initial drowning resulted primarily from a rapid sea-level rise. Small dimension of the seamount and its cemented upper surface were the most important factors that facilitated the sediment removal and thus suppressed the sediment accumulation. A condensed section was deposited on the top of the seamount. Its stratigraphic succession and rare cephalopod storm beds account for a model of redistribution of sediment over the swell, disintegrated by small-scale faulting. During drowning, the seamount traversed down through the photic zone at an average rate not higher than 20-25 m/Ma. Transformation of the swell into a basin accelerated in the late Tournaisian anchoralis Zone. It is manifested by an increase of deposition rate and by a lithology of alternating limestones and clays, with participation of fine-grained calciturbidites. The associated tephra deposits and syndepositional ferruginous hydrothermal mineralization were the result of extensional tectonics on the facies evolution. The drowning was completed in the Visean with deposition of black siliceous shales in the starved basin. The "death" of the Devonian carbonate platform in the Galezice area illustrates well the famed "paradox of drowned platforms" as the subsidence rate was much slower during the drowning than during the phase of the platform aggradation. Poland Devonian; Carboniferous D > u (1996)-0248616454/Szulczewski et al. (1996).pdf( ? Narkiewicz, Marek 2002p Przedpole orogenu waryscyjskiego w polLudniowej Polsce; etapy tektonicznego rozwoju basenow w dewonie i karbonie 1216J I sesja Robocza Projektu Celowego; Zamawianego Paleozoiczna akrecja Polski 50 12 Nawrocki, J. Warsaw Wydawnictwa Geologiczne basins-; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; Devonian-; Europe-; foreland-basins; forelands-; Hercynian-Orogeny; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; Poland-; sedimentary-basins; southern-Poland; tectonics-; Structural-geology Palaeogeography Poland
Carboniferous? ; Belka, Zdzislaw
Skompski, Stanislaw
Sobon Podgorska, Janina 1996 Reconstruction of a lost carbonate platform on the shelf of Fennosarmatia; evidence from Visean polymictic debrites, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland 315-329. Recent Advances in Lower Carboniferous Geology 1074 Strogen, Peter
Somerville, Ian D.
Jones, Gareth L. London' Geological Society Special Publications breccia-; carbonate-platforms; carbonate-rocks; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; clastic-rocks; clasts-; detritus-; Devonian-; Dinantian-; Europe-; eustacy-; Famennian-; Fennosarmatia-; Frasnian-; marine-environment; Nida-Platform; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; Poland-; provenance-; reconstruction-; regression-; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-rocks; shelf-environment; Swiety-Krzyz-Mountains; tectonics-; Tournaisian-; transgression-; uplifts-; Upper-Devonian; Visean-; Stratigraphy Carbonate sedimentology Poland
Carboniferoush ?
Kraft, Thomas 1992e Faziesentwicklung vom floezleeren zum floezfuehrenden Oberkarbon (Namur B-C) im suedlichen Ruhrgebiet 146X Deutsche Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft für Erdöl, Erdgas und Kohle e.V., DGMK-Bericht 384 HamburgE Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Mineraloelwissenschaft und Kohlechemie e V boreholes-; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; coal-seams; concentration-; deltaic-environment; deposition-; environment-; Europe-; fluvial-environment; fossils-; Germany-; interpretation-; lithofacies-; lithostratigraphy-; marine-environment; Namurian-; North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; pit-sections; Rhenish-Schiefergebirge; Ruhr-; sedimentary-structures; sedimentation-; sorting-; staining-; Upper-Carboniferous; well-logging; Stratigraphy; Sedimentary-petrology Clastic sedimentology Germany
Carboniferous -a? Kroner, U.
Mansy, J. L.
Mazur, S.
Aleksandrowski, P.
Hann, H.P.
Huckriede, H.
Lacquement, F.
Lamarche, J.
Ledru, P.
Pharaoh, T.C.
Zedler, H.
Zeh, A.
Zulauf, G. 2008 Varsican Tectonics 599-664 The Geology of Central Europe 1
McCann, T. London The Geological Society Structural Geology Europe Devonian; Carboniferous , x793665/Kroner (2008).PDF ? Timmerman, M.J. 2004{ Timing, geodynamic setting and character of Permo-Carboniferous magmatism in the foreland of the Variscan Orogen, NW Europe 41-743 Permo-Carboniferous Magmatism and Rifting in Europe 223Q Wilson, M.
Neumann, E.-R.
Davies, S.J.
Timmerman, M.J.
Heeremans, M.
Larsen, B.T. London* The Geological Society Special Publication Magmatism Western Europe Carboniferous; Permian ? De Jager, J. 2007 Geological development 5-26 Geology of the Netherlands' Wong, T. E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
Jager, J. de Amsterdam. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Structural Geology Netherlands Generic 0 D
p33021184/De Jager (2007).pdf ?
Michelsen, O. 1971` Lower Carboniferous foraminiferal faunas of the boring Ørslev No. 1, island of Falster, Denmark 86 98 - Danm. Geol. Und. (II)
Palaeontology Denmark
Carboniferous ?
Bertelsen, F. 1972\ A Lower Carboniferous microflora from the Ørslev No. 1 borehole, island of Falster, Denmark 78 99 - Danm. Geol. Und. (II)
Palaeontology Denmark
Carboniferous ? / Morton, A. C.
Hallsworth, C. R.
Moscariello, A. 2005 Interplay between northern and southern sediment sources during Westphalian deposition in the Silverpit Basin, southern North Sea 135-146X Carboniferous hydrocarbon geology - The southern North Sea and surrounding onshore areas 78 Collinson, J. D.
Evans, D. J.
Holliday, D.W.
Jones, N.S. -3 Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional Publication
Mineralogy UK North Sea
CarboniferousG? Besly, B. M. 1988\ Palaeogeographic implications of Late Westphalian to Early Permian red-beds, central England 200-221Y Sedimentation in a synorogenic basin complex: the Upper Carboniferous of Northwest Europe Besly, B. M.
Kelling, G. Glasgow Blackie Palaeogeography UK Carboniferous; Permian ? & Pagnier, H. J. M.
Van Tongeren, P.C.H. 1996 Lithostratigraphy and sedimentology of the Upper Carboniferous of borehole “De Lutte-6” (East Twente, the Netherlands) and evalution of the Tubbergen Formation in the eastern and southern parts of the Netherlands 3-30% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 55 Clastic sedimentology Netherlands
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Matyja, H. 2006 Stratygrafia i rozwój facjalny osadów dewonu i karbonu w basenie pomorskim i w zachodniej części basenu bałtyckiego a paleogeografia północnej części TESZ w późnym paleozoiku 79-122* Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 186 Palaeogeography Poland Devonian; Carboniferous ?
Matyja, H. 2008U Pomerania Basin (NW) Poland) and its sedimentary evolution during Mississipian times. 123-150 Geological Journal 43 2-3 Palaeogeography Poland
Carboniferous , W` 4383873/Matyja (2008).pdf ? Konon, A. 2006G Buckle folding in the Kielce Unit, Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland 375-405 Acta Geologica Polonica 56 Structural Geology Poland Generice? h Narkiewicz, M. 2005] Devonian and Carboniferous carbonate complex in the Southern Part of the Upper Silesian Block 1-46* Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 182 Carbonate sedimentology Poland Devonian; CarboniferousA? 2 Żelaźniewicz, A.
Marheine, D.
Oberc-Dziedzic, T. 2003 A Late Tournaisian synmetamorphic folding and thrusting event in the eastern Variscan foreland: 40Ar-39Ar evidence from the phyllites of the Wolsztyn-Leszno High, western Poland 185-194' International Journal of Earth Sciences 92 Structural Geology Poland
Carboniferous*?: Couper, R.A.
Hughes, N.F. 1963N Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous palynology of the Netherlands and adjacent areas 105-108` Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie 2 21
Palaeontology Netherlands Jurassic; Cretaceous )? h Kotas, A. 1995= Moravian-Silesian-Cracovian region. Upper Silesian Coal basin 124-136* Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 148 Geology Poland
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Dembowski, Z. 1988] Paleogeografia karbonu Lubelskiego Zagłębia Węglowego na tle paleogeografii karbonu Polski 18-26* Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 122 Palaeogeography Poland
Carboniferous ? Drozdzewski, G.
Wrede, V. 1994A Faltung und Bruchtektonik - Analyse der Tektonik im Subvariscikum 7-1878 Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen 38 Structural Geology Germany
Carboniferous ? Stoppel, D.
Amler, M.R.W. 20063 Zur Abgrenzung und Untergliederung des Unterkarbons 15-26> Stratigraphie von Deutschland VI - Unterkarbon (Mississippium) 41 Amler, M.R.W.
Stoppel, D. Hannover Schr.-R. Dt. Ges. Geowiss Stratigraphy Germany
Carboniferous'? M Krooss, B.M.
Friberg, L.
Gensterblum, Y.
Hollenstein, J.
Prinz, D.
Littke, R. 2005a Investigation of the pyrolytic liberation of molecular nitrogen from Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks 1023-1038' International Journal of Earth Sciences 94 Geochemistry Generic
Palaeozoic +? + Mingram, B.
Hoth, P.
Lüders, V.
Harlov, D. 2005 The significance of fixed ammonium in Palaeozoic sediments for the generation of nitrogen-rich natural gases in the North German Basin 1010-1022( International Journal of Earth Sciences 94 Geochemistry Germany
Palaeozoic e? O Kombrink, H.
Leever, K. A.
Van Wees, J. D.
Van Bergen, F.
David, P.
Wong, T. E. 2008 Late Carboniferous foreland basin formation and Early Carboniferous stretching in Northwestern Europe - Inferences from quantitative subsidence analyses in the Netherlands 377-395 Basin Research 20 Structural Geology Netherlands
Carboniferous @ U2008)-3934005254/Kombrink et al. (2008).pdf ? Conway, A.M.
Valvatne, C. 2003- The Boulton Field, Block 44-21a, UK North Sea 671-680B United Kingdom Oil and Gas Fields, Commemorative Millennium Volume 20 Gluyas, J.
Hichens, H.M. London Geological Society Memoir Petroleum Geology UK
Carboniferous D @ W (2003)-1279857152/Conway & Valvatne (2003).pdf ? o Maynard, J.R.
Dunay, R.E. 1999P Reservoirs of the Dinantian (Lower Carboniferous) play of the Southern North Sea 729-745H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 5th Conference - Fleet, A.J.
Boldy, S.A.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Southern North Sea
Carboniferous @ " <1999)-0042379008/Maynard & Dunray (1999).pdf9? Grayson, R.F.
Oldham, L. 1987m A new structural framework for the Northern British Dinantian as a basis for oil, gas and mineral exploration 33-59 European Dinantian Environments# Miller, J.
Adams, A.E.
Wright, V.P.
Chichester John Wiley & Sons Petroleum Geology UK
Carboniferous ? Trewin, N.H. 1968D Potassium bentonites in the Namurian of Staffordshire and Derbyshire 73-91/ Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 37
Mineralogy UK
Carboniferous?
Spears, D. A. 2005= A review of chlorine and bromine in some United Kingdom coals 257-265% International Journal of Coal Geology 64 3-4L anions-; brines-; bromine-; calcite-; carbonates-; chlorine-; coal-; diagenesis-; Europe-; halogens-; ion-exchange; low-temperature; moisture-; Paleozoic-; Permian-; pore-water; sedimentary-rocks; temperature-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Permian; Western-Europe; Zechstein-; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Petrology-of-coal Geochemistry In the UK there is a longstanding interest in the Cl content of coals because of the adverse effects associated with high-Cl coals during combustion. An average Cl content of a representative suite of coal samples is 0.44 wt.%, but the range is from near zero to over 1%. Several lines of evidence show that in the high-Cl coals the Cl is associated with the coal moisture and that other sources, such as the silicate minerals, are negligible. Although the Cl is moisture associated there is anion exchange with the organic matter, which means that Cl is less than 100% water- soluble unless the Cl is exchanged with other anion species. This occurs if carbonates are present and calcite in particular. The Cl and Br are closely related and the location within the coal is thought to be common to both. These two elements differ from nearly all other trace elements in UK coals in that they are not present in significant concentrations in the mineral matter or bound within the organic matter. Whereas there is a good understanding of the geochemical behaviour of these other elements this is not the case for Cl and Br in the coal moisture. Chlorine and Br are thought to be conservative elements in the diagenetic evolution of the porewaters, in which an original marine depositional imprint could have been preserved. In some areas the porewaters may have fully evolved pre-Permian, whereas in other areas the diagenetic evolution could be much longer. UK Generic
? & Spears, D. A.
Martinez Tarazona, M. R. 1993_ Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of a power station feed-coal, Eggborough, England 1-20% International Journal of Coal Geology 22 1I chemical-composition; clay-minerals; coal-; Eggborough-England; England-; Europe-; Great-Britain; kaolinite-; major-elements; mineral-composition; organic-residues; samples-; sedimentary-rocks; sheet-silicates; silicates-; trace-elements; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Yorkshire-England; Petrology-of-coal; General-geochemistry Geochemistry Chemical and mineralogical analyses are presented for a power station feed-coal in the Yorkshire Coalfield, U.K. The mineralogy of the whole coal consists of quartz, kaolinite, illite, mixed-layer clay, chlorite, pyrite and carbonates. Pyrite, carbonates and some of the kaolinite are diagenetic. In separated, low-density fractions of the coal both pyrite and kaolinite are concentrated relative to the detrital minerals. Compared with the high density fractions the detrital clay mineralogy of these low density fractions contains less chlorite, and the mixed-layer clay to illite ratio is higher, which is consistent with a grain size control during sedimentation. The major element analyses are comparable with mudrocks in the stratigraphic sequence, but there is evidence of Na (sub 2) O enrichment related to connate brines and the Fe (sub 2) O (sub 3) content shows significant enrichment, particularly in the ashes of the low density fractions. The dissolution of oxhydroxide grain coatings associated with detrital sediment in the coal, and also in the adjacent strata, are probable sources of the iron in the diagenetic pyrite. There is evidence of iron mobility in the sedimentary sequence and introduction into the coal itself during diagenesis. Within the coal, trace elements are also enriched (on an ash basis) relative to the mudrocks and their origin is also probably very similar to that of iron. A noteworthy feature of the trace element enrichment is that the enrichment factors for a number of elements are comparable with those determined for marine black shales in the sequence. This suggests a common origin for the elements during the diagenetic processes. Analysis of the coal density fractions, after correcting for detrital mineralogy, suggests Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn and possibly Mn are associated with pyrite and V, Sr, Ba, Zr, and Nb are either directly or indirectly associated with organic components. Possibly Zr and Nb originate from dispersed volcanic ash. UK
Carboniferous T (Tarazona (1993)-1135588608/Spears & Martinez-Tarazona (1993).pdf U? Gill, Susan
Yemane, Keddy 1999e Illitization in a Paleozoic, peat-forming environment as evidence for biogenic potassium accumulation 327-334# Earth and Planetary Science Letters 170 3 alkali-metals; authigenesis-; biogenic-processes; Carboniferous-; clay-mineralogy; coal-; geochemistry-; illitization-; Lykens-Valley; metals-; organic-compounds; Paleosols-; Paleozoic-; pedogenesis-; Pennsylvania-; Pennsylvanian-; potassium-; Pottsville-Group; Pottsville-Pennsylvania; Schuylkill-County-Pennsylvania; Schuylkill-Formation; sedimentary-rocks; SEM-data; spectra-; United-States; X-ray-fluorescence-spectra; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Sedimentary-petrology
Mineralogyo Potassium enrichment is common in surface horizons of many paleosols and has been attributed to the formation of authigenic illite from smectites during burial diagenesis. In such cases, the presence of primary smectite is key to the illitization process, which then results in potassium enrichment as a byproduct. Potassium enrichment in paleosols where no primary smectite was present, however, requires a different process of accumulation. A Lower Pennsylvanian, tropical Ultisol from the Southern Anthracite Field in Pennsylvania is enriched in potassium in the surface horizon and formed in an environment unfavorable for smectite accumulation. Kaolinite dominates clay mineral fractions of soils that form in such highly weathering environments. In the absence of primary smectite to scavenge potassium during illitization, there should be no potassium enrichment during burial diagenesis. However, in Lykens Valley paleosol, the pattern of potassium concentration, organic matter distribution and authigenic illite growth suggests that organic matter may have provided an important source of potassium for illite formation. Illitization of kaolinite in the organic-rich surface horizon is complete but, illite coexists with kaolinite in the B horizon. Within the paleosol matrix, illitization is more complete in areas of high organic concentration where organic fragments often have illite haloes with illite whorls growing from their edges. We propose that the potassium enrichment both in the soil profile and in the overlying coal is the result of the luxury uptake of potassium by peat-forming plants (nutrient intake at rates exceeding metabolic requirements). Further, potassium immobilized by adsorption on the peat provided interlayer cations for illite authigenesis to begin. If, as we suggest, luxury nutrient uptake during peat formation sequestered sufficient potassium to promote later illite formation, the pattern and extent of illitization within the paleosol profile reflects early biogenic nutrient accumulation. Thus, illite, in some paleosols, may represent fossil evidence for a biological process; the luxury uptake of potassium. Generic
Carboniferous < ;99)-4106408960/Gill & Yemane (1999).pdf O? Lokhorst, A. (ed.) 1998 The Northwest European Gasatlas Haarlem/ Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO CD-ROM Geochemistry
90-72869-60-5 Western Europe Generic @
r(1997)-2840936960/Lokhorst et al. (1997).doc? 1 Van Bergen, Frank
Pagnier, Henk
Krzystolik, Pawel 2006] Field experiment of enhanced coalbed methane-CO (sub 2) in the Upper Silesian Basin of Poland 201-224 Environmental Geosciences 13 3 adsorption-; aliphatic-hydrocarbons; alkanes-; carbon-dioxide; Carboniferous-; Carpathians-; Central-Europe; clastic-rocks; claystone-; coal-seams; economics-; enhanced-recovery; Europe-; experimental-studies; feasibility-studies; fluid-injection; hydrocarbons-; injection-; Kaniow-Poland; Katowice-Poland; methane-; organic-compounds; Paleozoic-; permeability-; Poland-; Polish-Carpathians; pollution-; reservoir-properties; reservoir-rocks; rock-mechanics; sedimentary-rocks; storage-coefficient; stratigraphy-; underground-installations; underground-storage; Upper-Silesian-coal-basin; waste-management; Environmental-geology; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Petroleum Geology Poland
Carboniferous ? H Busch, A.
Krooss, B. M.
Gensterblum, Y.
van Bergen, F.
Pagnier, H. J. M. 2003 High-pressure adsorption of methane, carbon dioxide and their mixtures on coals with a special focus on the preferential sorption behaviour 671-674" Journal of Geochemical Exploration 78 2003 adsorption-; aliphatic-hydrocarbons; alkanes-; applications-; carbon-dioxide; Central-Europe; coal-; coalbed-methane; Europe-; experimental-studies; gas-storage; gases-; geochemistry-; high-pressure; hydrocarbons-; Illinois-; interlaboratory-comparison; laboratory-studies; methane-; natural-gas; North-Dakota; organic-compounds; petroleum-; Poland-; pressure-; sedimentary-rocks; Silesian-coal-basin; sorption-; United-States; volatiles-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; General-geochemistry Geochemistry During recent years, extensive studies have been undertaken at RWTH Aachen to assess the gas adsorption capacities of coals of different rank with respect to CH (sub 4) , CO (sub 2) and their mixtures [e.g. Int. J. Coal Geol. 51 (2002) 69; Proceedings JCOAL Workshop: Present Status and Perspective of CO (sub 2) Sequestration in Coal Seams, Tokyo, Japan, (5 September 2002) 23-38]. Excess sorption isotherms of carbon dioxide recorded at 40, 60 and 80 degrees C on dry and moisture-equilibrated Carboniferous coals from the Netherlands exhibited distinct minima and even negative values in the 8-12 MPa interval. These anomalies are indicative of a strong volumetric effect. Evaluation of the experimental results in terms of absolute sorption assuming a range of different densities for the adsorbed phase could not eliminate the observed anomalies. In consequence, substantial swelling (up to 20%) of the (powdered) coal samples must be invoked to account for the observed phenomena. This interpretation is supported by the results of field tests in Alberta, Canada [Proceedings JCOAL Workshop: Present Status and Perspective of CO (sub 2) Sequestration in Coal Seams, Tokyo, Japan, (5 September 2002) 59-66], which resulted in a significant reduction in coal-seam permeability upon CO (sub 2) injection. The latest research focuses on the preferential sorption behaviour of CO (sub 2) and CH (sub 4) of coals from the Silesian coal basin. Experiments are conducted at pressures up to 250 bar (25 MPa) at a temperature of 45 degrees C using the volumetric method. These measurements provide fundamental information for enhanced coalbed methane recovery (ECBM) and storage of CO (sub 2) in deep unminable coal seams proposed as a potential means of the reduction of anthropogenic CO (sub 2) emissions (RECOPOL-project: http://www.nitg.tno.nl/recopol/). Preferential adsorption experiments on dry and moisture-equilibrated coals of different rank under identical conditions showed that adsorption is a function of coal type, moisture content and pressure. While at pressures above 50 bar, CO (sub 2) was always adsorbed preferentially to methane, preferential sorption of methane was observed in some instances at lower pressures. The unexpected phenomenon of preferential CH (sub 4) adsorption on natural coals is presently an issue for further investigation. In the context of a round robin project initiated by the US Department of Energy, CO (sub 2) excess sorption isotherms have been determined on five US premium coals at 22 degrees C in the dry state. Diversities of the excess sorption behaviour of these coals under different rank can be observed. Generally, excess sorption isotherms of lignite and subbituminous coals (0.25-0.46% VRr) exhibited a monotonous increase over the entire experimental pressure range (up to approximately 50 bar), while higher mature coals tended to approach a saturation level corresponding to a Langmuir isotherm. Generic Generic ? Gaupp, R.
Schoener, R. 2005^ Contrasting red bed diagenesis: the southern and northern margin of the Central European Basin 897-916' International Journal of Earth Sciences 94
Diagenesis Western Europe Generic @ T2005)-3127489025/Gaupp & Schoener (2005).pdfx ? Paproth, E.
Conil, R.
Bless, M.J.M.
Boonen, P.
Carpentier, N.
Coen, M.
Delcambre, B.
Deprijck, Ch.
Deuzon, S.
Dreesen, R.
Groessens, E.
Hance, L.
Hennebert, M.
Hibo, D.
Hahn, G & R.
Hislaire, O.
Kasig, W.
Laloux, M.
Lauwers, A.
Lees, A.
Lys, M.
Op de Beeck, K.
Overlau, P.
Pirlet, H.
Poty, E.
Ramsbottom, W.
Streel, M.
Swennen, R.
Thorez, J.
Vanguestaine, M.
Van Steenwinkel, M.
Vieslet, J-L., 1983N Bio- and lithostratigraphic subdivisions of the Dinantian in Belgium, a review 185-239/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 106 Stratigraphy Belgium
Carboniferous&? Grabowska, J.M. 1996f Stratigraphy of the Bisnik rock-shelter sediments on the background of the others caves in Polish Jura 107-109* Karst Waters Institute Special Publication 26 Bisnik-Cave; Bisnik-Hill; caves-; Cenozoic-; Central-Europe; climate-change; color-; Cracow-Czestochowa-Jura; Eemian-; Europe-; geomorphology-; grain-size; karst-; lithofacies-; paleoclimatology-; Pleistocene-; Poland-; Quaternary-; stratigraphy-; upper-Pleistocene; Vistulian-; weathering-; Quaternary-geology Stratigraphy Poland
Quaternary M? 3 Lauritzen Stein, Erik
Hercman, Helena
Glazek, Jerzy 1996Q Preliminary comparison between Norwegian and Polish speleothem growth frequencies 81-83* Karst Waters Institute Special Publication 2? absolute-age; carbon-dioxide; Carpathians-; Cenozoic-; Central-Europe; climate-; dates-; Europe-; glaciation-; growth-rates; Holocene-; Jura-Mountains; karst-; Norway-; Poland-; Quaternary-; Scandinavia-; solution-features; speleothems-; Swiety-Krzyz-Mountains; Tatra-Mountains; Th-U; Western-Europe; Quaternary-geology Carbonate sedimentology Norway; Poland Cenozoic ? Hercman, Helena
Walanus, A. 1996> Randomisation as a methods of frequency histogram construction 56-58* Karst Waters Institute Special Publication 2$ absolute-age; Carpathians-; Cenozoic-; Central-Europe; Europe-; frequency-; histograms-; Holocene-; karst-; paleoclimatology-; paleoenvironment-; Quaternary-; solution-features; speleothems-; statistical-analysis; stochastic-processes; Tatra-Mountains; Th-U; Quaternary-geology; Geochronology Carbonate sedimentology Generic Cenozoic ? ) Hercman, Helena
Starnawska, Ewa
Zink, Ewa 1996R Detritic contamination as an indicator of the breaks in the speleothems deposition 51-55* Karst Waters Institute Special Publication 2 absolute-age; Bez-Nazwy-Cave; calcite-; carbonates-; Carpathians-; caves-; Cenozoic-; Central-Europe; chemical-composition; Cracow-Wielun-Upland; crystal-growth; crystals-; dates-; deposition-; detritus-; electron-probe-data; Europe-; geochemistry-; karst-; lithofacies-; major-elements; microfacies-; Mietusia-Cave; Mietusia-Valley; petrography-; Pleistocene-; Poland-; Quaternary-; solution-features; speleothems-; Tatra-Mountains; Th-U; trace-elements; Quaternary-geology Carbonate sedimentology Generic Cenozoic? % Hercman, Helena
Lauritzen Stein, Erik 1996f Comparison of speleothem dating by the TL, ESR, (super 14) C and (super 230) Th/ (super 234) U methods 47-50* Karst Waters Institute Special Publication 2 absolute-age; C-14; carbon-; caves-; Cenozoic-; Holocene-; isotopes-; karst-; paleoclimatology-; Quaternary-; radioactive-isotopes; relative-age; solution-features; speleothems-; Th-U; thermoluminescence-; Geochronology; Quaternary-geology Carbonate sedimentology Generic Cenozoic ? A Gradzinski, Michal
Gorny, Andrzej
Pazdur, Anna
Pazdur, Mieczyslaw 1996I Origin of black coloured laminae in speleothems from Cracow-Wielun Upland 46* Karst Waters Institute Special Publication 2 absolute-age; archaeology-; C-14; carbon-; caves-; Cenozoic-; Central-Europe; charcoal-; color-; Cracow-Wielun-Upland; dates-; Europe-; fluorescence-; genesis-; Holocene-; isotopes-; karst-; lamellae-; lower-Pleistocene; Pleistocene-; Poland-; Quaternary-; radioactive-isotopes; SEM-data; solution-features; spectra-; speleothems-; stalagmites-; ultraviolet-spectra; Quaternary-geology Clastic sedimentology Poland Cenozoic}? Paproth, E.
Dusar, M.
Bless, M.J.M.
Bouckaert, J.
Delmer, A.
Fairon-Demaret, M.
Houlleberghs, E.
Laloux, M.
Pierart, P.
Somers, Y.
Streel, M.
Thorez, J.
Tricot, J. 1983M Bio- and lithostratigraphic subdivisions of the Silesian in Belgium, a review 241-283/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 106 Stratigraphy Belgium
CarboniferousA? * Rouchy, J.M.
Groessens, E.
Laumondais, A. 1984 Sédimentologie de la formation anhydritique viséenne du sondage de Saint Ghislain (Hainaut, Belgique). Implications paléogéographiques et structurales. 105-145+ Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie 93
Evaporites Belgium
Carboniferous? ? Dreesen, R.
Bouckaert, J.
Dusar, M.
Soille, P.
Vandenberghe, N. 1987 Subsurface structural analysis of the late-Dinantian carbonate shelf at the northern flank of the Brabant Massif (Campine Basin, N-Belgium) 1-37v Mémoires Explicatives des Cartes Géologiques et Minières de Belgique (Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Belgium) 21 Structural Geology Belgium
Carboniferous )? 2 Paproth, E.
Dusar, M.
Verkaeren, P.
Bless, M.J.M. 1996t Stratigraphy and cyclic nature of Lower Westphalian deposits in the boreholes KB174 and KB206 in the Belgian Campine 169-189/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 117 Stratigraphy Belgium
Carboniferous
? Donato, J.A.
Megson, J 1990Z A buried granite batholith beneath the East Midlands Shelf of the Southern North Sea Basin 133-140! Journal of the Geological Society 147 Magmatism UK
Palaeozoic @ (1990)-3058100993/Donato & Megson (1990).pdf ? ( Donato, J.A.
Martindale, W.
Tully, M.C. 1983- Buried granites within the Mid North Sea High 825-837" Journal of the Geological Society 140 Magmatism UK
Palaeozoic < GP 3)-0407382273/Donato et al. (1983).pdf k? # Olaussen, S.
Larsen, B.T.
Steel, R. 1994] The Upper Carboniferous – Permian Oslo Rift: basin fill in relation to tectonic development 175-197' Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoirs 17% Embry, A.F.
Beauchamp, B.
Glass, D.J. Calgary/ Memoir Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Palaeogeography Norway Carboniferous; Permian $ ? ) Bergström, J.
Bless, M.J.M.
Paproth, E. 1985r The marine Knabberud limestone in the Oslo Graben: possible implications for the model of Silesian palaeogeography 181-1943 Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 136 Palaeogeography Norway
Carboniferous, ? Hartkopf-Fröder, C. 20053 Palynostratigrafie des Pennsylvanium in Deutschland 133-160O Stratigraphie von Deutschland V - Das Oberkarbon (Pennsylvanium) in Deutschland 254 Wrede, V. Frankfurt a. M. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg Stratigraphy Germany
Carboniferous ? Hoogteijling, P.J. 1948# Radioactiviteit en bodemgesteldheid 93 Thesis Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit Geochemistry Netherlands Generic:? ! De Magnée, I 1952I Observation sur la radioactivite des horizons marins du Westphalien Belge 429-434r Compte Rendu, Troisième Congrès pour l’Avancement des Études de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère - Heerlen Ernest van Aelst Geochemistry Belgium
Carboniferous ? Wignall, P. B. 1994 Black shales 127 Oxford Oxford University Press Geochemistry Generic Generics?
Herngreen, G.W.F. 2001 Palynologisch onderzoek project PetroPlay – Analyse van ‘black-shale’ monsters uit de boringen Beesel-72, Geverik-1, Hengevelde-1, Joppe-1, Kemperkoul-1, Ruurlo-1, F11-01 en L05-04 - NITG-TNO report - 01-074-B Utrecht1 Netherlands Institute of Applied Geosciences NITG
Palaeontology Netherlands
Palaeozoic ?
! Van Amerom, H. W. J.
Glerum, J.J. 1984k Rapport betreffende de stratigrafische interpretatie van diepboring Kemperkoul-1 op grond van de makroflora - Internal report - 2003 - Rijks Geologische Dienst Stratigraphy Netherlands
Carboniferous ?
Meessen, J.P.M.Th. 1985c Rapport betreffende het onderzoek naar microfossielen van een drietal trajecten van boring Ruurlo 1 - - 2085 - Rijks Geologische Dienst
Palaeontology - Netherlands
Carboniferous ? Tourtelot, H.A. 1979- Black shale – its deposition and diagenesis 313-321 Clays and Clay Minerals 27 Geochemistry Generic Generic ? $ Stow, D.A.V.
Huc, A.-Y.
Bertrand, P. 20014 Depositional processes of black shales in deep water 491-498 Marine and Petroleum Geology 18 Clastic sedimentology Generic Generic ? Berner, R.A.
Raiswell, R. 1984F C-S method for distinguishing freshwater from marine sedimentary rocks 365-368 Geology 12 Geochemistry Generic Generic D G
(1984)-1274630656/Berner & Raiswell (1984).pdf ?
Swaine, D. J. 1990 Trace elements in coal 278 - London Butterworth Geochemistry Generic Generic ? Taylor, S.R.
McLennan, S.M. 19854 The continental crust: its composition and evolution 312 Oxford Blackwell Geochemistry Generic Generic ? Tissot, B.P.
Welte, D.H. 1984" Petroleum formation and occurrence 699 Berlin Springer-Verlag Petroleum Geology Generic Generic ? Adams, J.A.
Weaver, C.E. 1958g Thorium-uranium ratios as indicators of sedimentary processes: example of concept of geochemical facies 387-4305 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 42 Geochemistry Generic Generic?# Ramsbottom, W. H. C. 1969 The Namurian of Britain 219-232R Compte Rendu Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifère 1 Carboniferous-; England-; Europe-; Great-Britain; Namurian-; Paleozoic-; Pennsylvanian-; regional-; stratigraphy-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy GeologyJ Carboniferous, lithostratigraphy, goniatite-pectinoid faunas, correlation. UK
Carboniferous ?$ ! Q Pagnier, H. J. M.
Van den Belt, F.J.G.
Mijnlieff, H.F.
Van Bergen, F.
Verbeek, J. 2002 An overview of the Carboniferous structural and sedimentary evolution of the Southern North Sea with a discussion of hydrocarbon fields and play concepts in the Dutch sector -Z Hydrocarbon resources of the Carboniferous, Southern North Sea & surrounding onshore areas - - Sheffield Yorkshire Geological Society Petroleum Geology 13-15 September Netherlands
Carboniferous ?
Rabitz, A. 19665 Die marinen Horizonte des flözführenden Ruhrkarbons 243-2968 Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen 13
Palaeontology Germany
Carboniferous ? ^ Cameron, T.D.J.
Crosby, A.
Balson, P.S.
Jeffery, D.H.
Lott, G.K.
Bulat, J.
Harrison, D.J. 1992N The geology of the southern North Sea. United Kingdom offshore regional report 152 London& HMSO for the British Geological Survey Stratigraphy UK Genericq? Cameron, N.
Ziegler, T. 1997^ Probing the lower limits of a fairway: further pre-Permian potential in the southern North Sea 123-141> Petroleum Geology of the Southern North Sea: Future Potential 123# Ziegler, K.
Turner, P.
Daines, S.R. London& Geological Society Special Publication Petroleum Geology Southern North Sea
Palaeozoic ?
Chapple, W.M. 1978/ Mechanics of thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts 1189-1198- Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 89 Structural Geology Generic Generic 0 P [@149193730/Chapple (1978).pdf ?
Gurnis, M. 1992Q Rapid continental subsidence following the initiation and evolution of subduction 1556-1558 Science 255 Structural Geology Generic Generic N? Kearey, P.
Brooks, M.
Hill, I. 2002* An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration 262 - - Blackwell Science 3
Geophysics Generic Generic - ? McKenzie, D. 19785 Some remarks on the development of sedimentary basins 25-32# Earth and Planetary Science Letters 40 1 Structural Geology Generic Generic 0 s<43070773/McKenzie (1978).pdf ? $ Mooney, W.D.
Laske, G.
Masters, T.G. 1998. Crust 5.1: a global crustal model at 5° x 5° 727-747 Journal of Geophysical Research 103 Structural Geology Generic Generic ? 8 Richwien, J.
Schuster, A.
Teichmüller, R.
Wolburg, J. 19636 Überblick über das Profil der Bohrung Münsterland 1 9-188 Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen 11 Stratigraphy Germany
Carboniferous z? : Scheck, M.
Thybo, H.
Lassen, A.
Abramovitz, T.
Laigle, M. 2002_ Basement structure in the southern North Sea, offshore Denmark, based on seismic interpretation 311-326* Palaeozoic Amalgamation of Central Europe 201+ Winchester, J.A.
Pharaoh, T.C.
Verniers, J. London* The Geological Society Special Publication
Geophysics DK North Sea Generic ? * Smith, N.J.P.
Kirby, G.A.
Pharaoh, T.C. 2005I Structure and evolution of the south-west Pennine Basin and adjacent area -
Nottingham British Geological Survey Structural Geology UK
Carboniferous ? Süss, M.P. 1996 Sedimentologie und Tektonik des Ruhr-Beckens: Sequenzstratigraphische Interpretation und Modellierung eines Vorlandbeckens der Varisciden 147 Bonn5 Dissertation Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Stratigraphy Germany
Carboniferous ? Turcotte, D. L.
Schubert, G. 2002 Geodynamics - Cambridge Cambridge University Press Structural Geology Generic Generic ? Van Wees, J.-D.
Beekman, F. 2000 Lithosphere rheology during intraplate basin extension and inversion; inferences from automated modeling of four basins in Western Europe 219-242 Tectonophysics 320 Structural Geology Western Europe Generic
? Watts, A.B.
Burov, E.B. 2003Y Lithospheric strength and its relationship to the elastic and seismogenic layer thickness 113-131# Earth and Planetary Science Letters 213 1-2 Structural Geology Generic Generic < X 003)-0581867832/Watts & Burov (2003).pdf ? Willett, S. D. 1999P Orogeny and orography: The effects of erosion on the structure of mountain belts 28957-28981 Journal of Geophysical Research 104 Structural Geology Generic Generic
? White, N. 1994] An inverse method for determining lithospheric strain rate variation on geological timescales 351-371# Earth and Planetary Science Letters 122 3-4 Structural Geology Generic Generic ,
|8755896/White (1994).pdf ? - Ziegler, P.A.
Cloetingh, S.
Van Wees, J.-D. 1995Y Dynamics of intra-plate compressional deformation: the Alpine foreland and other examples 7-59 Tectonophysics 252 Structural Geology Central Europe Generic < @95)-0212856064/Ziegler et al. (1995).pdf? * Van Adrichem Boogaert, H.A.
Kouwe, W.F.P. 1993h Stratigraphic nomenclature of The Netherlands, revision and update by RGD and NOGEPA, Section A, General 1-40& Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 50 Stratigraphy Netherlands Generic ? Wanless, H.R.
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Palaeozoic ?? Wright, V.P. 1999] Assessing flood duration gradients and fine-scale environmental change on ancient floodplains 279-287) Floodplains: Interdisciplinary Approaches 163 Marriott, S.B.
Alexander, J. London' Geological Society Special Publication Clastic sedimentology Generic Generic ?
4 Van Amerom, H. W. J.
Meessen, J.P.M.Th.
Glerum, J.J. 19852 Rapport over mariene niveaus in diepboring Joppe-1 16
RGD report - 2091 Heerlen Rijks Geologische Dienst Stratigraphy Netherlands
Carboniferous ?
' Van Amerom, H. W. J.
Meessen, J.P.M.Th. 19857 Rapport over mariene niveaus in diepboring Hengevelde-1 16
RGD report - 2094 Heerlen Rijks Geologische Dienst Stratigraphy Netherlands
Carboniferous Ʉ? ( Van Waterschoot van der Gracht, W.A.J.M. 19188 Eindverslag der Rijksopsporing van Delfstoffen 1903-1916 664 -
'S-Gravenhage Martinus Nijhoff Geology Netherlands Generic
? Geluk, M.C.
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de Vos, W. 2007 Pre-Silesian 27-42 Geology of the Netherlands' Wong, Th.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
De Jager, J. Amsterdam. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Geology Netherlands
Palaeozoic 8 P 7)-2745108992/Geluk et al (2007).pdfQ? Kimpe, W.F.M.
Bless, M. J. M.
Bouckaert, J.
Conil, R.
Groessens, E.
Meessen, J.P.M.Th.
Poty, E.
Streel, M.
Thorez, J.
Vanguestaine, M. 1978O Paleozoic deposits east of the Brabant Massif in Belgium and in The Netherlands 37-103% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 30 Geology Netherlands; Belgium
Palaeozoic ? Falcon, N.L.
Kent, P.E. 1960> Geological results of petroleum exploration in Britain 1945-57 56 2 -* Memoir of the geological Society of London Petroleum Geology UK Generic ? Evans, D.J.
Kirby, G.A. 1999y The architecture of concealed Dinantian carbonate sequences over the Central Lancashire and Holme highs, northern England 297-312/ Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 52 Carbonate sedimentology UK
Carboniferous
? M Duin, E. J. T.
Doornenbal, J. C.
Rijkers, R. H. B.
Verbeek, J. W.
Wong, T. E. 2006W Subsurface structure of the Netherlands; results of recent onshore and offshore mapping 245-276" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 85 4 Altena-Group; Atlantic-Ocean; Carboniferous-; cartography-; Cenozoic-; Chalk-Group; Cretaceous-; cross-sections; depth-; Europe-; faults-; Jurassic-; Mesozoic-; Netherlands-; Niedersachsen-Group; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; North-Sea-Supergroup; offshore-; onshore-; Paleozoic-; Permian-; Rijnland-Group; Roer-Valley-Graben; Schieland-Group; Scruff-Group; tectonics-; Terschelling-Basin; thickness-; Upper-Permian; Western-Europe; Zechstein-; Structural-geology Structural Geology This paper presents depth maps for eight key horizons and seven thickness maps covering the onshore and offshore areas for the Late Permian to recent sedimentary section of the Netherlands. These maps, prepared in the context of a TNO regional mapping project, are supported by nine regional structural cross sections and a table summarizing the timing of tectonic activity from Carboniferous to recent. These new regional maps enable the delineation of various structural elements but also reveal the development of these elements through time with improved detail. Since the latest Carboniferous the tectonic setting of the Netherlands changed repeatedly. During successive tectonic phases several pre-existing structural elements were reactivated and new elements appeared. The various identified regional structural elements are grouped into six tectonically active periods: Late Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Late Jurassic, Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. This study demonstrates that many structural elements and fault systems were repeatedly reactivated and that a clear distinction exists between long-lived elements, such as the Roer Valley Graben, and short-lived structural elements, such as the Terschelling Basin. Netherlands Generic 8 6)-0986549505/Duin et al (2006).pdf ?! , Lawrence, S. R.
Coster, P. W.
Ireland, R. J. 1987} Structural development and petroleum potential of the northern flanks of the Craven Basin (Carboniferous), North-West England 225-233% Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe - Brooks, J.
Glennie, K. London Graham & Trotman anticlines-; block-structures; Bowland-Basin; Bowland-Shales; Carboniferous-; economic-geology; England-; Europe-; evolution-; faults-; flexure-; folds-; genesis-; geophysical-methods; geophysical-surveys; Great-Britain; Lancaster-Fells; maturity-; migration-; monoclines-; northwestern-England; Paleozoic-; Pendle-Grits; Pendleside-Limestone; petroleum-; reactivation-; reservoir-rocks; rifting-; seismic-methods; shear-; source-rocks; structural-geology; subsidence-; surveys-; synclines-; tectonics-; tectonostratigraphy-; traps-; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Worston-Shales; wrench-faults; Structural-geology; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Structural Geology UK
Carboniferous -?"
Calver, M. A. 1969 Westphalian of Britain 233-254S Compte Rendu Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifère 1 Carboniferous-; England-; Europe-; Great-Britain; Paleozoic-; Pennsylvanian-; regional-; stratigraphy-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Stratigraphy Stratigraphy Carboniferous, cyclothems, regressive series, nonmarine pelecypod assemblage zones, faunal facies of marine bands, geographic distribution, correlation with floral zonation. UK
Carboniferous*?% 1 Fraser, A. J.
Nash, D.F.
Steele, R.P.
Ebdon, C.C. 1990I A regional assessment of the intra-Carboniferous play of northern England 417-440 Classic Petroleum Provinces 55
Brooks, J. London' Geological Society Special Publications Petroleum Geology UK
Carboniferous ?&
Rayner, D. H. 1953? The lower Carboniferous rocks in the north of England; a review 231-315/ Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 28 Carboniferous-; Dinantian-; England-; Europe-; Great-Britain; historical-geology; north-; North-England; Paleozoic-; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy StratigraphyY Discusses problems in the stratigraphy and correlation of the lower Carboniferous deposits in the region north of the Lancashire and Yorkshire coal fields, England, on the basis of data published since 1924, and summarizes the depositional and geologic history of the region during the lower Carboniferous. An extensive bibliography is appended. UK
Carboniferous_?' Kent, P. E. 1966K The structure of the concealed Carboniferous rocks of north-eastern England 323-352/ Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 35 Part 3 Carboniferous-; Carboniferous-rocks; Carboniferous-structures; England-; Europe-; faults-; folds-and-faults; geophysical-surveys; Great-Britain; Hercynian-; Northeastern-; Orogenies-; Paleozoic-; patterns-; structural-geology; surveys-; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Structural-geology Structural GeologyX Although the structures beneath the Permian unconformity in northeastern England are generally similar to the visible outcrops of the Pennines, new geophysical evidence reveals certain marked contrasts in the intensity of the folds and faults. From the middle coal measures horizon, structural complexity decreases progressively eastward. New troughs or gulfs have been discovered. The structural lines which bounded these basins in the later lower and early upper Carboniferous continue on to the shelf, but are not there associated with differential intra-Carboniferous (early Hercynian) movement on a significant scale. The later Hercynian folding did not produce large displacements east of the Carboniferous outcrops. Seismic surveys beneath the Fenland show the relief of the lower Carboniferous to be comparable with that of the overlying Permian. Within the concealed Carboniferous rocks, the vertical amplitude of movements associated with the early Hercynian disturbances is several times greater than that due to the late Hercynian phase. Both disturbances appear to be more epeirogenic than orogenic. UK
Carboniferous ?( Phillips, J. 1836R Illustrations of the geology of Yorkshire. Part 2, The Mountain Limestone District unknown - London John Murray Geology UK
Carboniferous?) Johnson, G. A. L. 1967C Basement control of Carboniferous sedimentation in northern England 175-194/ Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 36 Part 2 Carboniferous-; England-; Europe-; Great-Britain; North-; Paleozoic-; sedimentary-petrology; sedimentation-; structural-controls; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Sedimentary-petrology Palaeogeography Geophysical evidence has provided an explanation for the disposition of massif and basinal structural regions in northern England. The massifs are underlain by granite masses of Caledonian age or older which have exerted a strong positive tectonic control since their emplacement in Devonian or earlier times. These positive structural regions formed gradually dwindling islands and uplands during Carboniferous times at least until the late Visean and in some cases considerably later. Structural basins and troughs surrounded the island areas and here great thicknesses of sediments were deposited. Deposition began in Tournaisian times and in some regions was a continuation of Old Red Sandstone sedimentation. Subsidence, forming basins of deposition and causing the initial Carboniferous marine transgression, is shown to be of tectonic origin. Early basin formation and later, and more widespread, epeirogenic subsidence are linked to isostatic uplift of the Caledonian mountain ranges following the mantle flow theory. UK
Carboniferous ?* Muchez, P.
Langenaeker, V. 1993v Middle Devonian to Dinantian sedimentation in the Campine Basin (northern Belgium); its relation to Variscan tectonism 171-181; Tectonic controls and signatures in sedimentary successions 20 Frostick, L.E.
Steel, R.J. -H Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists Belgium-; Brabant-Massif; Campine-; Carboniferous-; coastal-environment; compression-tectonics; Devonian-; Dinant-Synclinorium; Dinantian-; Dublin-Ireland; England-; Europe-; evolution-; extension-faults; extension-tectonics; faults-; Great-Britain; growth-faults; half-grabens; Hercynian-Orogeny; Ireland-; lithofacies-; marine-environment; Middle-Devonian; Namur-Synclinorium; northern-Belgium; northern-England; northern-Wales; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; plate-collision; plate-tectonics; sedimentation-; shallow-water-environment; siliciclastics-; South-Brittany-Massif; structural-controls; structural-geology; subtidal-environment; tectonics-; thickness-; thin-sections; United-Kingdom; variations-; Wales-; Western-Europe; Sedimentary-petrology; Structural-geology Palaeogeography Belgium Devonian; Carboniferous ?+ Besly, B.M. 1998
Carboniferous 104-136F Petroleum Geology of the North Sea: Basic Concepts and Recent Advances
Glennie, K.W. Oxford Blackwell Petroleum Geology North Sea
Carboniferous ?, Geluk, M.C. 2007 Permian 63-84 Geology of the Netherlands' Wong, Th.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
de Jager, J. Amsterdam( Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences and Arts Geology Netherlands Permian , 60224/Geluk (2007).pdf ?- Veld, H. 19957 Organic petrology of the Westphalian of the Netherlands 191 Utrecht Utrecht University Organic geochemistry Netherlands
Carboniferous x ?. Gutteridge, P. 1995U Late Dinantian (Brigantian) carbonate mud-mounds of the Derbyshire carbonate platform 289-3070 Carbonate mud-mounds: their origin and evolution 238 Monty, C.L.V.
Bosence, D.W.J.
Bridges, P. H.
Pratt, B.R. -H Special publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists Carbonate sedimentology UK
Carboniferous
?/
TotalE&PUK 2007R A regional review of the Dinantian carbonate play: Southern North Sea & onshore UK 64 UK-REG-0278.FH Total E&P UK UK DBERR Geology UK; UK North Sea
Carboniferous 8 t 87)-1473885446/TotalE&PUK (2007).pdf ?4 Vandenbroucke, M.
Largeau, C. 2007' Kerogen origin, evolution and structure 719-833 Organic Geochemistry 38 Organic geochemistry Kerogen, commonly defined as the insoluble macromolecular organic matter (OM) dispersed in sedimentary rocks, is by far the most abundant form of OM on Earth. This fossil material is of prime importance as the source of oil and natural gas; moreover, kerogen can provide essential information on major topics such as past environments, climates and biota. This review reports the main advances in kerogen studies since the comprehensive synthesis edited by Durand [Durand, B. (Ed.), Kerogen, Insoluble Organic Matter from Sedimentary Rocks. Editions Technip, Paris, 1980.]. It is organized into eight sections. The first two are concerned with the successive definitions of kerogen and the definition used here, the different techniques used for kerogen isolation without loss or degradation and basic kerogen analysis. The third and fourth focus on sedimentary OM sources and preservation processes in relation to depositional environment, including sedimentation conditions favourable for kerogen accumulation, and extrapolation to past geological time. Great strides have been made in the latter topics over the last 25 years, owing to a combination of classical studies in organic geochemistry and studies in other domains such as biogeochemistry, oceanography, hydrology and soil science, along with the development of powerful analytical tools. The next two sections deal with the different kerogen classifications by type and kerogen evolution and maturation upon burial in sediments. Structural modelling of coal and kerogen, based on physical and/or chemical structural analysis, is described in the following section. Although, only statistical, the models thus derived provide a synthetic view of the main structural resemblances and differences among various samples in relation to source, maturity or physicochemical properties. Finally, the last section explores some of the advances in kerogen understanding expected for the near future. The review includes a list containing about 500 references. Generic Generic P Д prgeau (2007)-2636840192/Vandenbroucke & Largeau (2007).pdf ?5 Huc, A.Y. 1988I Aspects of depositional processes of organic matter in sedimentary basins 263-272 Organic Geochemistry 13 Clastic sedimentology Generic Generic ( " ٨480/Huc (1988).pdf ?6 Nowak, G.J. 2007n Comparative studies of organic matter petrography of the late palaeozoic black shales from Southwestern Poland 568-587% International Journal of Coal Geology 71 Organic geochemistry Poland
Palaeozoic , ^
w591808/Nowak (2007).pdf
?7 6 Lev, S. M.
McLennan, S. M.
Meyers, W. J.
Hanson, G. N. 1998N A petrographic approach for evaluating trace-element mobility in a black shale 970-980 Journal of Sedimentary Research 68 5| black-shale; clastic-rocks; diagenesis-; Europe-; geochemistry-; Great-Britain; lithogeochemistry-; Llandeilian-; Llanvirnian-; metals-; Middle-Ordovician; mobility-; Ordovician-; Paleozoic-; petrography-; rare-earths; sedimentary-rocks; southwestern-Wales; trace-elements; United-Kingdom; Wales-; Western-Europe; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry At the time of deposition, black shales record geochemical information related to the provenance and conditions of deposition for that rock. These initial geochemical conditions are susceptible to alteration and overprinting by the aggressive processes of black-shale diagenesis. In this study, we evaluate a sequence of Ordovician black shales from the southern Welsh Basin for the presence of such a diagenetic overprint. Through use of cathodoluminescence, backscattered electron imaging, reflected-light microscopy, fission tracks, and microprobe elemental mapping, we can discern textural relationships with in the Welsh black shales. The relationships observed constrain a paragenetic sequence and overall diagenetic history including the early diagenetic formation of pyrite, apatite (rare earth element (REE)-rich) and carbonate and later formation of diagenetic monazite (REE-, U-rich) and late-stage carbonate. The chemical reactions necessary to produce this mineral sequence require postdepositional redistribution of REE (including changing cerium anomalies (Ce/Ce*)) and uranium. As a result, REE, U, and their associated isotopic systems (Sm-Nd and U-Pb) can reflect a diagenetic overprint rather than the source area and depositional conditions. The paragenetic sequence described in this study records several postdepositional changes in the whole-rock mineralogy. Among these changes are the formation of REE-rich apatite and REE- and U-rich monazite. The formation of these phases requires that REE and U are being redistributed on at least a mineral scale and that the initial depositional and provenance information recorded by the whole rock has been disturbed. Therefore, the approach used in this study to carefully characterize the paragenetic sequence from the Llandeilo-Caradoc black shales should be considered necessary in order to fully evaluate the usefulness of trace-element proxies susceptible to diagenetic redistribution. Generic Generic 4 -1909733888/Lev et al (1998).pdf ?: > Crusius, John
Calvert, Stephen E.
Pedersen, Thomas
Sage, David 1996t Rhenium and molybdenum enrichments in sediments as indicators of oxic, suboxic and sulfidic conditions of deposition 65-78# Earth and Planetary Science Letters 145 1-4 aerobic-environment; anaerobic-environment; authigenic-minerals; Black-Sea; British-Columbia; Canada-; cores-; East-Mediterranean; East-Pacific; Eh-; enrichment-; geochemistry-; Japan-Sea; marine-environment; marine-sediments; Mediterranean-Sea; metals-; molybdenum-; North-Pacific; Northwest-Pacific; Pacific-Ocean; rhenium-; Saanich-Inlet; sea-water; sediment-water-interface; sediments-; sulfides-; trace-elements; trace-metals; West-Pacific; Western-Canada; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Oceanography Geochemistry The trace elements Re and Mo both behave conservatively in seawater yet are strongly enriched in reducing sediments. Their potential for authigenic enrichment above crustal concentrations is greater than for many other elements, due to the high ratio of [metal] (sub sw) / [metal] (sub crust) . We present sedimentary Re and Mo data from box- and multi-cores spanning a range of redox conditions, from well-oxygenated sites to locations with substantial sulfide concentrations. At the oxic sites, Re and Mo, as expected, accumulate at concentrations close to their crustal abundances. Re shows substantial enrichment in suboxic (absence of O (sub 2) and H (sub 2) S) sediments of the Sea of Japan, in sediments within the oxygen minimum of the Pakistan margin, as well as in sediments underlying the sulfide-bearing waters of the Black Sea and Saanich Inlet. Re enrichment occurs in these cores just below the depths of Fe and U reduction. Only in the sediments underlying the sulfidic waters of the Black Sea and Saanich Inlet is there substantial authigenic Mo accumulation. Absence of Re and Mo enrichments in sediment trap samples from the sulfide-bearing basins suggests that the addition of both metals occurs at or below the sediment-water interface. The Re and Mo concentration profiles are modeled to hindcast the removal depth of Re and Mo in the sediments which, along with the Re/Mo ratio, determine whether oxic, suboxic or sulfidic conditions were present in the water column or in the sediments in the past. Using this approach, historical redox conditions can be inferred even in environments such as continental margins where a substantial lithogenic component can obscure authigenic enrichments of other metals. Generic Generic < / \96)-4134798081/Crusius et al (1996).pdf ?< Kelling, G.
Collinson, John D. 1992 Silesian 239-273 The Geology of England and Wales Duff, P.M.D.
Smith, A.J. London The Geological Society Geology UK
Carboniferous ?= . Ramsbottom, W. H. C.
Rhys, G. H.
Smith, E. G. 1962H Boreholes in the Carboniferous rocks of the Ashover district, Derbyshire 75-1682 Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain 19 Stratigraphy UK
Carboniferous ?> Amin, M. A. 1979O Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Namurian Sediments in the Pennine Basin, England ? Sheffield Sheffield University Geochemistry UK
Carboniferous ?? Arthur, M.A.
Sageman, Bradley B. 1994Q Marine Black Shales: Depositional mechanisms and environments of ancient deposits 499-551, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science 22 Geochemistry Generic Generic D (1994)-2418538498/Arthur & Sageman (1994).pdf ?@ Calvert, S. E.
Pedersen, T. F. 1993_ Geochemistry of recent oxic and anoxic marine sediments; implications for the geological record 67-88 Marine Geology 113 1-2O aerobic-environment; anaerobic-environment; bibliography-; Cenozoic-; geochemical-indicators; geochemistry-; Holocene-; lithogeochemistry-; marine-environment; marine-sediments; metals-; minor-elements; Quaternary-; sediments-; trace-elements; trace-metals; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Oceanography; Quaternary-geology Geochemistry[ The distributions of certain minor and trace elements in marine sediments should potentially provide forensic tools for determining the redox conditions of the bottom waters at the time of deposition. The ability to identify such conditions in the geological past is important because (1) current models of the conditions of formation of organic-rich rocks require re-examination, (2) a method to determine whether the areal extent of anoxic waters expanded or retracted in response to palaeoceanographic changes is required, and (3) the effects of such environmental changes on the geochemical balance of these elements in the ocean need to be understood. Recent research has suggested that some minor and trace elements are precipitated where free dissolved sulphide is present (Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn) without undergoing a valency change, whereas others undergo a change in valency and are either more efficiently adsorbed onto solid surfaces under oxic (I) or anoxic (V) conditions or are precipitated under anoxic conditions (Cr, Mn, Mo, Re, U, V). Hence, the enrichment of these minor and trace elements relative to their crustal abundances indicates that the host sediments accumulated under anoxic conditions, although not necessarily under anoxic bottom waters. Examination of the chemical composition of the sediments of anoxic basins, continental margin sediments and oxidized deep-sea sediments shows that I and Mn enrichments are reliable indicators of bottom water oxygenation, whereas enrichments of the remaining elements reflect either bottom water anoxia or element uptake by subsurface anoxic sediments below a relatively thin surficial oxic veneer. Hence, the absence of metal enrichment in these cases can be taken as firm evidence that the bottom waters of a basin of sedimentation were not anoxic. These behaviours may be used to propose, for example, that the Holocene sapropel in the Black Sea accumulated under oxic bottom waters, whereas the modern facies reflects its formation under the prevailing intensely anoxic conditions, and that the Panama Basin bottom waters were not anoxic during the Last Glacial Maximum when the rate of accumulation of organic carbon increased. Likewise, the enrichment of Mn as a mixed carbonate phase in some ancient black shales strongly suggests that they formed under oxic bottom waters rather than anoxic conditions as is commonly assumed. Generic
Quaternary D _( }$ (1993)-1848791298/Calvert & Pedersen (1993).pdf ?] T Michelsen, O.
Thomsen, E.
Danielsen, M.
Heilmann-Clausen, C.
Jordt, H.
Laursen, G.V. 19987 Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy in the eastern North Sea 91-118> Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins 609 De Graciansky, P.-C.
Hardenbol, J.
Jacquin, T.
Vail, P.R.3 Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication Stratigraphy Eastern North Sea Cenozoic ?^ / Demoulin, A.
Lenotre, N.
Moxhet, J.
Pissart, A. 1992U Les regions neotectoniques de la Belgique definies par la comparaison de nivellements 99-111/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 115 1 Structural Geology Belgium Cenozoic 6?_ > Ahrendt, H.
Köthe, A.
Lietzow, A.
Marheine, D.
Ritzkowski, S. 1995t Lithostratigraphie, Biostratigraphie und radiometrische Datierung des Unter-Eozäns von Helmstedt (SE-Niedersachsen) 450-4573 Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 146 Stratigraphy Germany
Palaeogene ?b
Burgess, I.C. 1982p The stratigraphical distribution of Westphalian volcanic rocks in the area east and south of Nottingham, England 29-44/ Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 44 Stratigraphy UK
Carboniferous ?c
Francis, E.H. 19706 Review of Carboniferous volcanism in England and Wales 41-56 Journal of Earth Sciences 8 Magmatism UK
Carboniferous#?f
Bouroz, A. 1963B Presence d'un niveau kaolinique dans le namurien marin de Picardie 281-286+ Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord 83 Part 4 Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; Europe-; France-; General-description; Namurian-; Paleozoic-; petrology-; Picardy-; sedimentary-rocks; tonstein-; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Igneous-and-metamorphic-petrology
Mineralogyu A tonstein, 15 mm in thickness, occurs in the marine Paleozoic rocks in the Lesboeufs borehole, south of the Great Midi fault on the Somme river in northern France. The tonstein is whitish gray, soft, and gives a white streak. Its contact with the underlying shale is sharp. The contact with the overlying shale is less distinct, with occasional interlayered thin bands of tonstein and shale and isolated bits of kaolinite suggesting a mixing of the materials being deposited. Only two of the various theories proposed for tonstein origin are considered plausible for this occurrence: as a wash from the altered surface of a quartz diorite, or as a transported sediment from an ash deposit. The latter possibility is preferred as the Lesboeufs tonstein exhibits characteristics suggestive of tuffaceous deposition, and it is doubtful that so thin a bed would result from water sorting. Belgium
Carboniferous *?i B Degens, Egon T.
Williams, Eugene Griffin
Keith, Mackenzie Lawrence 1957G Geochemical criteria for differentiating marine from fresh-water shales 2427-24555 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 41 11 analyses-; Appalachian-coal-basin; clastic-rocks; clay-minerals; clay-mineral-and-trace-element; clay-mineral-and-trace-element-ratios; elements-; geochemical-differentiation; geochemical-investigations; marine-and-fresh-water-indicators; marine-and-fresh-water-shales; marine-vs.-fresh-water; marine-vs.-fresh-water-indicators; marine-vs.-fresh-water-shales; Pennsylvania-; petrology-; sedimentary-rocks; shale-; sheet-silicates; silicates-; Trace-; trace-elements-and-clay-minerals; United-States; Igneous-and-metamorphic-petrology Geochemistry Generic Generic ?k " Algeo, Thomas J.
Lyons, Timothy W. 2006 Mo-total organic carbon covariation in modern anoxic marine environments; implications for analysis of paleoredox and paleohydrographic conditions PA1016 Paleoceanography 21 Africa-; anaerobic-environment; Atlantic-Ocean; Black-Sea; British-Columbia; Canada-; carbon-; Cariaco-Basin; Caribbean-Sea; chemostratigraphy-; covariance-analysis; East-Mediterranean; Eh-; Europe-; Framvaren-Fjord; geochemical-indicators; geochemistry-; hydrochemistry-; marine-environment; marine-sediments; Mediterranean-Sea; metals-; modern-; molybdenum-; Namibia-; North-Atlantic; North-Pacific; Norway-; organic-carbon; organic-compounds; Pacific-Ocean; paleo-oceanography; paleocirculation-; Saanich-Inlet; Scandinavia-; sea-water; sediments-; shelf-environment; South-Atlantic; Southeast-Atlantic; Southern-Africa; Southern-Norway; statistical-analysis; total-organic-carbon; Western-Canada; Western-Europe; Oceanography; General-geochemistry Geochemistry Generic Generic < 7`
006)-3694178070/Algeo & Lyons (2006).pdf,?l Q Colpaert, A.
Pickard, N.
Mienert, J.
Henriksen, L.B.
Rafaelsen, B.
Andreassen, K. 2007| 3D seismic analysis of an Upper Palaeozoic carbonate succession of the Eastern Finnmark Platform area, Norwegian Barents Sea 79-98 Sedimentary Geology 197
Geophysics Norway
Palaeozoic < 3 .07)-3722624006/Colpaert et al (2007).pdf?m - Gawthorpe, R. L.
Gutteridge, P.
Leeder, M. R. 1989O Late Devonian and Dinantian basin evolution in northern England and North Wales 1-23V The role of tectonics in Devonian and Carboniferous sedimentation in the British Isles 6* Arthurton, R.S.
Gutteridge, P.
Nolan, S.C. -3 Occasional Publication Yorkshire Geological SocietyH basins-; Carboniferous-; controls-; Devonian-; Dinantian-; England-; Europe-; extension-tectonics; Great-Britain; northern-Wales; Paleozoic-; sedimentary-basins; sedimentation-; structural-controls; structural-geology; tectonics-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Devonian; Wales-; Western-Europe; Structural-geology; Sedimentary-petrology Structural Geology UK Devonian; Carboniferous @ ,P Zl989)-3353864198/Gawthorpe et al (1989).pdf ?n Gutteridge, P. 1989P Controls on carbonate sedimentation in a Brigantian intrashelf basin, Derbyshire 171-187V The role of tectonics in Devonian and Carboniferous sedimentation in the British Isles 6* Arthurton, R.S.
Gutteridge, P.
Nolan, S.C. -3 Occasional Publication Yorkshire Geological Society- basins-; Brigantian-; carbonate-sediments; controls-; Derbyshire-England; England-; Europe-; Great-Britain; lithofacies-; sedimentary-basins; sedimentary-petrology; sedimentation-; sediments-; Station-Quarry-Beds; structural-controls; subsidence-; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Sedimentary-petrology Palaeogeography UK
Carboniferous 4
El (2800410118/Gutteridge (1989).pdf?o Pickard, Neil A. H. 1996S Evidence for microbial influence on the development of Lower Carboniferous buildups 65-82. Recent Advances in Lower Carboniferous Geology 107( Strogen, P.
Somerville, I.D.
Jones, G.L. London* The Geological Society Special Publicationz algae-; bacteria-; biogenic-structures; bioherms-; carbonate-rocks; Carboniferous-; Dinantian-; factors-; fungi-; limestone-; micrite-; microfossils-; microorganisms-; mud-mounds; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; Plantae-; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentary-structures; sedimentation-; sedimentation-rates; stromatolites-; tectonics-; thallophytes-; thrombolites-; Sedimentary-petrology Carbonate sedimentology Generic
Carboniferous 0 %l C06120966/Pickard (1996).pdf
?p Gutteridge, Peter 1991G Aspects of Dinantian sedimentation in the Edale Basin, North Derbyshire 245-269 Geological Journal 26 3! Carboniferous-; Derbyshire-England; Dinantian-; Edale-Basin; England-; Europe-; Great-Britain; Holme-Platform; marine-installations; marine-platforms; marine-sedimentation; Paleozoic-; processes-; sedimentary-petrology; sedimentation-; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Sedimentary-petrology Palaeogeography UK
Carboniferous 8 #` H1)-1441795078/Gutteridge (1991).pdf i?q Gawthorpe, R. L.
Gutteridge, P. 1990k Geometry and evolution of platform-margin bioclastic shoals, late Dinantian (Mississippian), Derbyshire, UK 39-544 Carbonate platforms; facies, sequences and evolution 9> Tucker, M.E.
Wilson, J.L.
Crevello, P.D.
Sarg, J.R.
Read, J.F. OxfordH Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists Asbian-; Brigantian-; carbonate-platforms; Carboniferous-; clastic-rocks; cyclic-processes; depositional-environment; Derbyshire-England; Dinantian-; England-; Europe-; Great-Britain; marine-environment; Mississippian-; Paleozoic-; reefs-; sandstone-; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-petrology; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; shelf-environment; transgression-; United-Kingdom; upper-Dinantian; Western-Europe; Sedimentary-petrology Carbonate sedimentology Serial UK
Carboniferous L T pidge (1990)-0201116934/Gawthorpe & Gutteridge (1990).pdf
a?r - Elvebakk, Geir
Hunt, David W.
Stemmerik, Lars 2002 From isolated buildups to buildup mosaics; 3D seismic sheds new light on upper Carboniferous-Permian fault controlled carbonate buildups, Norwegian Barents Sea 7-17 Sedimentary Geology 152 1-2= Arctic-Ocean; Barents-Sea; carbonate-platforms; carbonate-rocks; Carboniferous-; depositional-environment; Loppa-High; marine-environment; mosaics-; Norwegian-Sea; Paleozoic-; Permian-; sedimentary-rocks; structural-controls; submarine-environment; synsedimentary-processes; Upper-Carboniferous; Sedimentary-petrology
Geophysics Carbonate buildups are a common feature of many ancient carbonate platforms, and were especially abundant during the Palaeozoic. Our present understanding of buildup distribution, and the ability to better predict their location, is however hampered by the fact that maps of buildups rarely show evidence of widespread spatial organisation and indeed their distribution often appears chaotic. A previously unrecognized pattern of buildup distribution has been revealed by three-dimensional (3D) seismic data recently acquired from the Loppa High, Norwegian Barents Sea. Here, syn-rift Carboniferous-Permian buildups are not isolated but are instead linked into a mosaic of laterally extensive ridges. The buildups' location is controlled by the intersection of three trends of syndepositional faults. Systematic organisation of buildup height, width, density and external form across the study area appears to have been controlled by changes in accommodation space driven by differential subsidence. The buildups were remarkably long-lived and developed over an interval of 35 Ma. Despite this longevity, buildup location remained relatively static and true to the underlying pattern of basement faults, indicating that their progradation was likely restricted by a combination of factors including limited highstand production, their depositional relief <420 m, steep flanks and/or differential subsidence. Study of the buildups' internal seismic geometries, and analogy to well-exposed onshore buildups, indicates that they are composite features, developed through the repeated recolonization of antecedent bathymetric seafloor highs following hiatuses related to both subaerial exposure and drowning. The picture of interconnected buildup mosaics described for the first time here provides important new insights as to the spatial and internal organisation of carbonate buildups and has potentially far-reaching implications for the interpretation of buildups in areas where good 3D control is poor or unavailable. Norway Carboniferous; Permian @ 2002)-4161564176/Elvebakk et al. (2002).pdf
?s Korn, D. 2008_ Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) calciturbidites in the northern Rhenish Mountains (Germany) 151-173 Geological Journal 43 Carbonate sedimentology Germany
Carboniferous ,
q, l`9610240/Korn (2008).pdf ?v < Tribovillard, Nicholas
Ramdani, Abdelkader
Trentesaux, Alain 2005z Controls on organic accumulation in Upper Jurassic shales of northwestern Europe as inferred from trace-metal geochemistry 145-164U The deposition of organic-carbon-rich sediments; models, mechanisms, and consequences 82
Harris, N. B. Tulsa3 Special Publication Society for Sedimentary Geology anaerobic-environment; Boulonnais-; chemical-composition; clastic-rocks; Cleveland-Basin; England-; Europe-; France-; geochemistry-; Great-Britain; Jurassic-; Kimmeridge-Clay; lithostratigraphy-; marine-environment; Mesozoic-; organic-compounds; paleoecology-; paleoenvironment-; Pas-de-Calais-France; productivity-; sedimentary-rocks; shale-; trace-metals; United-Kingdom; Upper-Jurassic; Western-Europe; Yorkshire-England; Sedimentary-petrology; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry
In the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of the Wessex-Weald Basin, five organic-matter-rich intervals (ORIs), dated from Kimmeridgian-Tithonian times, can be correlated from distal depositional environments in Dorset and Yorkshire (UK) to the proximal environments in Boulonnais, northern France. The ORIs are superimposed on a meter-scale cyclic distribution of organic matter (OM), referred to as primary cyclicity, which is commonly interpreted to result from Milankovitch climate forcing. The present work addresses the distribution of redox-sensitive and/or sulfide-forming trace metals and selected major elements (Si, Al, and Fe) in Kimmeridge Clay shales from the Cleveland Basin (Yorkshire) and the Boulonnais cliffs with two objectives: (1) to determine whether the ORIs formed in similar paleoenvironments, and (2) to identify the mechanism(s) of OM accumulation. High-resolution geochemical data from primary cycles in the Yorkshire boreholes (Marton and Ebberstone boreholes) were studied and the results are then applied with lower-resolution sampling at the ORI scale in the Flixton borehole and Boulonnais cliff. Good correlations are found between total organic carbon (TOC) vs. Cu/Al and Ni/Al, but relationships between TOC and Mo/Al, V/Al and U/Al are more complex. Cu and Ni enrichment is interpreted to have resulted from passive accumulation with OM in an oxygen-deficient basinal setting, which prevented the subsequent loss of Cu and Ni from the sediment. Mo and V were significantly enriched only in sediments where considerable amounts of OM (TOC>7%) accumulated, the result of strongly reducing conditions and OM burial. At the scale of the Flixton ORIs, the samples with the highest Mo and V concentrations also show relative Fe enrichment, suggesting pyrite formation in the water column (combination of euxinic conditions and presumably low sedimentation rates). Samples from all ORIs were slightly enriched in Si relative to Al, interpreted as reflecting decreased sediment flux during transgressive and early-highstand systems tracts. The data show that in some ORIs, OM accumulation proceeded while productivity was not particularly high and sediments were not experiencing strong anoxia. In other ORIs, OM accumulation was accompanied by widespread anoxia and possibly euxinic conditions in distal settings. Though somewhat different from each other, all of the ORIs developed during episodes of reduced terrigenous supply (transgressive episodes). The common feature linking these contrasted episodes of enhanced OM storage (ORIs) must be the conjunction of productivity coupled with a decrease in the dilution effect by the land-derived supply, in a depositional environment prone to water stratification and, therefore, favorable to OM preservation and accumulation. Western Europe Jurassic ?w Tyson, R. V. 2005P The "productivity versus preservation" controversy; cause, flaws, and resolution 17-33U The deposition of organic-carbon-rich sediments; models, mechanisms, and consequences 82
Harris, N. B. Tulsa3 Special Publication Society for Sedimentary GeologyK anaerobic-environment; Black-Sea; dilution-; East-Mediterranean; marine-environment; Mediterranean-Sea; models-; modern-analogs; organic-compounds; oxygen-; paleoecology-; paleoenvironment-; petroleum-; preservation-; productivity-; sedimentary-rocks; source-rocks; total-organic-carbon; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources GeochemistryG
There has been an active debate about the factors controlling the origin of organic-rich marine sediments since at least the 1920s. Most of this debate has focused on the relative roles of elevated primary productivity and enhanced preservation related to dysoxia-anoxia. In theoretical and empirical terms it is absolutely clear that the total organic carbon content (TOC) of thermally immature sediments is always a function of three, not two, main factors: organic-matter input, organic-matter preservation, and dilution by mineralic sediment components, any of which may be the dominant factor in different situations. These factors are interrelated strongly and may be obscured by variations in sediment granulometry. While modern sediment data indicating a limited oxygen effect are not generally disputed, the conclusions drawn are often flawed and inapplicable to many ancient rocks. The effect of dysoxic to anoxic conditions on organic-matter preservation is clear only at slow sedimentation rates; it is therefore well expressed in ancient basinal facies but expressed poorly in the modern rapidly deposited shelf and slope facies where oceanographers have predominantly studied it. Organic-matter preservation is controlled strongly by the duration of exposure to oxygen; this can be modified by changes in organic-matter input, sedimentation rate, or bottom-water oxygenation. An oxygen effect alone is unlikely to result in more than a three-to six-fold difference in TOC; the effect is nonlinear, and enhanced preservation mostly occurs below 1.0-0.5 ml/lO (sub 2) . Minor differences in generally low oxygen values are never likely to be expressed in significant differences in TOC or HI. Very high TOC values (>10%) are unusual, and in ancient sediments commonly reflect a combination of higher preservation (dysoxia-anoxia) and low dilution. Geological models of source-rock deposition have remained little changed during the debate about productivity versus preservation, but the limitations of traditional modern analogues have been exposed. Studies of modern oxygen-minimum zones (OMZ) demonstrate that modern dysoxic-suboxic slope waters do not typically result in the accumulation of very well preserved (oil-prone) organic matter, as was once assumed. The Black Sea is too extreme and unusual to be used as an actualistic analogue for most "black shales": the geological euxinic-basin model essentially refers to very large stratified basins, characterized by episodic to quasi-continuous bottom-water anoxia, and the slow deposition of laminated and relatively organic-rich and oil-prone basinal sediments. Generic Genericl?y ! Mathes-Schmidt, Margret Elisabeth 2000 Mikrofazies, Sedimentationsgeschehen und palaeogeographische Entwicklung im Verlauf des oberen Viseums im Untergrund der Niederrheinischen Bucht und des Campine-Beckens 245u Fakultät für Bergbau, Hüttenwesen und Geowissenschaften der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen Doktorin der Naturwissenschaften Aachen RWTH w borehole-sections; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; Conodonta-; Dinantian-; Europe-; foraminifera-; Germany-; Lower-Rhine-Graben; marine-environment; marine-sedimentation; microfacies-; microfossils-; Netherlands-; North-Rhine-Westphalia-Germany; Paleozoic-; reconstruction-; sedimentation-; shallow-water-environment; shelf-environment; Visean-; Western-Europe; Areal-geology Carbonate sedimentology 15 november 2000 Netherlands; Belgium; Germany
Carboniferous @
t "gret-0373164034/Mathes-Schmidt_Margret.pdf ?{
Mundy, D.J.C. 1994u Microbialite-sponge-bryozoan-coral framestones in Lower Carboniferous (Late Visean) buildups of Northern England (UK) 713-7293 Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 17 Carbonate sedimentology UK
CarboniferousL ?| , Eder, F.W.
Engel, W.
Franke, W.
Sadler, P.M. 1983s Devonian and Carboniferous limestone-turbidites of the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge and their tectonic significance 93-124 Intracontinental Fold Belts - Martin, H.
Eder, F.W. Berlin Springer Clastic sedimentology Germany Devonian; Carboniferous?} - Stemmerik, Lars
Elvebakk, Geir
Worsley, David 1999 Upper Palaeozoic carbonate reservoirs on the Norwegian arctic shelf; delineation of reservoir models with application to the Loppa High 173-187 Petroleum Geoscience 5 2c Arctic-Ocean; Arctic-region; Barents-Sea; carbonaceous-composition; Carboniferous-; continental-shelf; diagenesis-; Europe-; lithofacies-; Loppa-high; models-; Norway-; Paleozoic-; permeability-; Permian-; petrography-; petroleum-engineering; reservoir-properties; Scandinavia-; upper-Paleozoic; Western-Europe; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Petroleum Geology' The reservoir potential of the Upper Palaeozoic carbonates in the Barents Sea area is primarily controlled by early diagenetic processes. Upper Bashkirian to Asselian shallow platform carbonates deposited in warm, arid to semi-arid climates were dominated by aragonitic organisms and mineralogically unstable aragonite and high-Mg calcite cements and mud. A reservoir model for these carbonates involves extensive dolomitization and dissolution of metastable carbonate during repeated subaerial exposure. The reservoir model is confirmed by drilling and is accordingly regarded as low risk. Artinskian and Upper Permian shallow water carbonates deposited in a cold temperate climate were dominated by calcitic organisms and silica sponges, and associated with calcite cements and mud and chert. A reservoir model for these carbonates involves either preservation of primary porosity in carbonate build-ups or extensive dissolution of build-up marine cement during prolonged subaerial exposure. This model is not confirmed by drilling and is regarded as high risk. Norway Carboniferous; Permian ? Dorsman, L. 19458 The marine fauna of the Carboniferous in the Netherlands 1-101% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst C-IV-3-3 Brachiopoda-; Carboniferous-; Carboniferous-faunal-zones; correlation-; Europe-; Invertebrata-; marine-fauna; Mollusca-; Netherlands-; Netherlands-Europe; paleontology-; Paleozoic-; west-; Western-Europe; Invertebrate-paleontology
PalaeontologyT Describes the upper Carboniferous marine fauna, mostly brachiopods and mollusks (including new species), of the Netherlands, discusses the zonal occurrence of the various species, and correlates the upper Carboniferous marine fossiliferous zones of England, Belgium, western Germany, and the Netherlands. Includes an extensive bibliography. Netherlands
CarboniferousI? Visser, W.A. 1987: The state service for the exploration of mineral resources 39-50; Seventy-five years of geology and mining in the Netherlands -- Visser, W.A.
Zonneveld, J.I.S.
van Loon, A.J. The Hague> Royal Geological and Mining Society of The Netherlands (KNGMG) History Netherlands Generic ? Jongmans, W.J. 19444 Geologisch onderzoekingen in Zuid- en Midden-Limburg 277-288M Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap 14
Kruizinga, P.
's Gravenhage Mouton & Co History Netherlands Generic S
? Z Rafaelsen, B.
Elvebakk, Geir
Andreassen, K.
Stemmerik, Lars
Colpaert, A.
Samuelsberg, T.J. 2008 From detached to attached carbonate buildup complexes - 3D seismic data from the upper Palaeozoic, Finnmark Platform, southwestern Barents Sea 17-32 Sedimentary Geology 206
Geophysics Norway Carboniferous; Permian @ v
|(2008)-1535921408/Rafaelsen et al (2008).pdf ? % Gradstein, F.M.
Ogg, J.G.
Smith, A.G. 2004 A Geologic Time Scale 2004 589 Cambridge Cambridge University Press Stratigraphy Generic Generic ? Beijer, H.
Fermont, W. J. J. 1987u The Geological Bureau for the mining district, the Geological Foundation and the Geological Survey of the Netherlands 51-62; Seventy-five years of geology and mining in the Netherlands- Visser, W.A.
Zonneveld, J.I.S.
van Loon, A.J. The Hague> Royal Geological and Mining Society of The Netherlands (KNGMG) History Netherlands Generic#?
Peelcommissie 1963 Rapport van de Peelcommissie 133d Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Mijnbouwkundige Serie 5; Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap Stratigraphy - Netherlands
Carboniferous 8 ? Patijn, R. J. H. 1963S De vorming van aardgas ten gevolge van na-inkoling in het noordoosten van Nederland 349-358 Geologie en Mijnbouw 42 11 Belgium-; Brabant-Massif; Carboniferous-; Europe-; Netherlands-; Paleozoic-; regional-; stratigraphy-; tectonics-; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Stratigraphy; Structural-geology Petroleum Geology The Carboniferous in the Netherlands belongs to the external zone of the Carboniferous geosyncline of northwest Europe. The lower coal-bearing Carboniferous (Westphalian A and B) is present throughout the Netherlands in a facies similar to that found in Limburg and the Ruhr. The higher coal-bearing Carboniferous (Westphalian C and D) is less widespread. Variscan folding caused irregular deposition and partial denudation, so that the Westphalian D was probably never deposited in the southern Netherlands. The Brabant massif became an area of denudation at the end of the Westphalian C; major uplift occurred much later, during Kimmeridgian (Jurassic) time. Netherlands
Carboniferous
? ! = Atkinson, Chris D.
Verwest, Bruce
Baker, Graham
O Mara, Peter 2001| Direct gas detection in the Rotliegendes sandstone; a potential new opportunity for exploration in the UK Southern Gas Basin 8@ American Association of Petroleum Geologists 2001 annual meeting Denverf American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists" amplitude-; calibration-; clastic-rocks; detection-; elastic-waves; Europe-; faults-; geophysical-methods; geophysical-surveys; natural-gas; Paleozoic-; Permian-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; prestack-migration; production-; relief-; reserves-; Rotliegendes-; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; seismic-methods; seismic-migration; Southern-gas-basin; structural-traps; surveys-; technology-; three-dimensional-models; traps-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Permian; visualization-; Western-Europe; Zechstein-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Petroleum Geology With discovered reserves to date of 54 TCF of gas and cumulative production since 1967 of 34 TCF the UK Southern Gas Basin (SGB) is regarded as a truly great petroleum province. The main play, the Permian Rotliegendes Sandstone, is considered a mature exploration target, a fact reflected by the general reduction in new discovery reserves size through time as smaller and smaller prospects have become harder and harder to find. In the late 1980's increased use of 3D seismic data temporarily reversed this trend as more structurally subtle Rotliegendes objectives were defined and drilled with success. In the 1990's the increasing use of pre-stack time and depth migrated data, with improved definition of complex structural features and improved spatial positioning, provided a similar step change in exploration success. The future for continued success in the SGB may rely on a potentially more exciting innovation that utilises careful pre-stack amplitude analysis and accurate well calibration to provide a tool to enable direct detection of gas within the Rotliegendes. This technology becomes especially relevant in those areas of the basin where very low relief (<40 meters) but areally extensive base Zechstein closures are known to exist or within fields with undrained, fault sealed, compartments. In these areas a combination of accurate depth mapping of the structure coupled with the overlay of a calibrated amplitude response and 3D visualisation techniques, reveals the presence of several potentially large (up to 600 bcf), low risk, Rotliegendes targets. Successful drilling of these features could lead to a dramatic increase in discovery sizes in the basin and a new lease of life for the Rotliegendes fairway. UK
Rotliegend ? o ) Breunese, J.N.
Mijnlieff, H.
Lutgert, J. 2005f The life cycle of the Netherlands' natural gas exploration: 40 years after Groningen, where are we now 69-75q Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe and Global Perspective; Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference 6 Dore, A.G.
Vining, B.A. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ? o Corona, F.V. 2005Y Fault trap analysis of the Permian Rotliegend gas play, Lauwerszee Trough, NE Netherlands 327-335q Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe and Global Perspective; Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference 6 Dore, A.G.
Vining, B.A. London The Geological Society Structural Geology Netherlands
Rotliegend 5? ! " Dreesen, R.
Paproth, E.
Thorez, J. 1988[ Events documented in Famennian sediments (Ardenne-Rhenish Massif, Late Devonian, NW Europe) 295-308E Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on the Devonian System - - Calgary - Clastic sedimentology Belgium; Germany Devonian ? ! ( Felder, P.J.
Felder, W.M.
Bromley, R.G. 1980( The type area of the Maastrichtian Stage 118-137o The Upper Cretaceous and Danian of N.W. Europe. Guide to excursion A-69. 26th International Geological Congress - Paris Stratigraphy Netherlands
CretaceousN? " Baldschuhn, R.
Best, G.
Kockel, F. 19912 Inversion tectonics in the north-west German basin 149-159@ Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons 1
Spencer, A.M. OxfordJ Special Publication of the European Association of Petroleum Geoscientists Structural Geology Germany Generic D &4 . (1991)-2881284625/Baldschuhn et al. (1991).pdf?! $ Oele, J.A.
Hol, A.C.P.J.
Tiemens, J. 1981b Some Rotliegend gas fields of the K and L blocks, Netherlands offshore (1968-1978): A case history 289-300b Petroleum Geology of the continental Shelf of North-West Europe: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference - Illing, L.V.
Hobson, G.D. London Institute of Petroleum Petroleum Geology NL North Sea
Rotliegend ?" Van Wijhe, D. H. 19875 The structural evolution of the Broad Fourteens Basin 315-323% Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe - Brooks, J.
Glennie, K. London Graham & Trotman Structural Geology Netherlands Mesozoic ?#
Ziegler, P.A. 1987N Compressional intra-plate deformations in the Alpine foreland; an introduction 1-5 Tectonophysics 137 Structural Geology Western Europe Generic ?$ Ziegler, P. A. 1988: Evolution of the Arctic, North Atlantic and western Tethys 198 43 -3 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir Geology Western Europe Generic ?%
Ziegler, P.A. 1990E Tectonic and palaeogeogaphic development of the North Sea Rift system 1-36) Tectonic Evolution of the North Sea Rifts Blundell, D.J.
Gibbs, A.D. Oxforf Oxford Science Publications Geology North Sea Mesozoic ?' ) Betz, D.
Fuhrer, F.
Greiner, G.
Plein, E. 1987# Evolution of the Lower Saxony Basin 127-170 Tectonophysics 137 1-4 Structural Geology Germany Mesozoic 8
^ ,)-4092998451/Betz et al. (1987).pdf ?( ! Frikken, H.W.
Stark, J.B. 1994Z Character and performance of small Rotliegend gas reservoirs, Central Offshore Netherlands 41-50j North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoirs - III, Proceedings of the 3rd North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoirs ConferenceL Aasen, J.O.
Buller, A.T.
Hjelmeland, O.
Holt, R.M.
Kleppe, J.
Torsæter, O. Trondheim Petroleum Geology NL North Sea
Rotliegend[
? , Van Waterschoot van der Gracht, W. A. J. M. 1936I Possibility of oil and gas production from Paleozoic formations in Europe 1476-14935 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 20 11S Europe-; Paleozoic-; petroleum-; possibilities-; Economic-geology-of-energy-sources Petroleum Geology Europe
Palaeozoic ` i
van der Gracht (1936)-2552779777/Van Waterschoot van der Gracht (1936).pdf }? , Van Waterschoot van der Gracht, W. A. J. M. 1935+ Search for Paleozoic oil in western Europe 1824-18255 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 19 12 west-; economic-geology; Europe-; Paleozoic-; petroleum-; petroleum-possibilitis; possibilities-; west-; Economic-geology-of-energy-sources Petroleum Geology Western Europe
Palaeozoic? 5 Tribovillard, N.
Algeo, T.J.
Lyons, T.
Riboulleau, A. 2006C Trace metals as paleoredox and paleoproductivity proxies; an update 12-32 Chemical Geology 232 1-2 actinides-; algae-; anaerobic-environment; authigenesis-; chemical-composition; copper-; covariance-analysis; depositional-environment; diagenesis-; Eh-; geochemistry-; hydrothermal-conditions; lithofacies-; manganese-; metals-; microfossils-; mobilization-; molybdenum-; nickel-; organic-compounds; paleoenvironment-; plankton-; Plantae-; productivity-; reconstruction-; sedimentary-rocks; statistical-analysis; trace-elements; uranium-; vanadium-; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry This paper is a synthesis of the use of selected trace elements as proxies for reconstruction of paleoproductivity and paleoredox conditions. Many of the trace elements considered here show variations in oxidation state and solubility as a function of the redox status of the depositional environment. Redox-sensitive trace metals tend to be more soluble under oxidizing conditions and less soluble under reducing conditions, resulting in authigenic enrichments in oxygen-depleted sedimentary facies. This behavior makes U, V and Mo, and to a lesser extent certain other trace metals such as Cr and Co, useful as paleoredox proxies. Some redox-sensitive elements are delivered to the sediment mainly in association with organic matter (Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd) and they may be retained within the sediment in association with pyrite, after organic matter decay in reducing sediment. This particularity confers to Ni and Cu a good value as proxies for organic C sinking flux (frequently referred to as productivity). Elements with only one oxidation state such as Ba and P are classically used to assess paleoproductivity levels but they suffer from the fact that they are solubilized under reducing conditions and may be lost from oxygen-deprived sediments. The combined used of U, V and Mo enrichments may allow suboxic environments to be distinguished from anoxic-euxinic ones. Specifically, these elements tend to be much more strongly enriched in anoxic-euxinic environments and to exhibit weaker covariation with TOC than in suboxic environments. Generic Generic H ? al. (2006)-1490970630/Tribovillard et al. (2006).pdf
? # Abanda, Peter A.
Hannigan, Robyn E. 2006< Effect of diagenesis on trace element partitioning in shales 42-59 Chemical Geology 230 Albany-County-New-York; biozones-; black-shale; Canada-; carbonates-; chemical-composition; clastic-rocks; correlation-; depositional-environment; diagenesis-; Eastern-Canada; geochemistry-; Graptolithina-; Graptoloidea-; ICP-mass-spectra; leaching-; mass-spectra; metals-; Montreal-and-Jesus-Islands-County-Quebec; Montreal-Quebec; New-York; Ontario-; Ordovician-; organic-compounds; paleoenvironment-; Paleozoic-; partitioning-; Quebec-; Quebec-County-Quebec; rare-earths; reconstruction-; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; sequential-extraction; shale-; silicates-; spectra-; sulfides-; Toronto-Ontario; trace-elements; United-States; Utica-Shale; Uttica-New-York; whole-rock; X-ray-diffraction-data; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry In order to investigate the partitioning of trace elements in mineral phases of black shales and diagenetic remobilization of trace elements within these phases, we isolated major black shale components (sulfide, carbonate, silicate and organic) and analyzed the isolated fractions as well as corresponding whole rock for their trace element composition by DRC ICP-MS. This study focused on black shales of different grades of thermal maturity from the Ordovician Utica Shale Magnafacies of Quebec (USM) (immature: T (sub max) 20-50 degrees C, R (sub o) <0.5), Ontario (mature: T (sub max) 50-140 degrees C, R (sub o) 0.5-0.8), and New York (post mature: T (sub max) >140 degrees C, R (sub o) >1). Analysis of the isolated rock fractions revealed that the carbonate fraction preserves a sea water-like rare earth elements (REE) abundance pattern with enrichment of the heavy rare earth elements (HREE-Dy-Lu) relative to light rare earth (LREE-La-Sm). The sulfide and organic fractions show a slight enrichment in the LREE. Mass balance calculations showed that the organic fraction contains up to about 20% of total trace element content of the whole rock with the sulfide and carbonate fractions each containing less than 10%. The partitioning and fractionation of trace elements between different phases may have important implications for paleoenvironmental reconstructions and provenance studies. Our data suggest that the whole rock signature may be less representative of source area or depositional environment but rather reflects the diagenetic history. This is especially the case in organic rich sediments such as black shales where the organic fraction hosts up to 20% of the trace element content of the whole rock. Generic Generic D 7, )Xn (2006)-4073455361/Abanda & Hannigan (2006).pdf "? * Eusterhues, K.
Heinrichs, H.
Schneider, J. 2005j Geochemical response on redox fluctuations in Holocene lake sediments, Lake Steisslingen, southern Germany 1-22 Chemical Geology 222 1-2 absolute-age; Baden-Wurttemberg-Germany; biogenic-processes; C-14; carbon-; carbonate-sediments; Cenozoic-; Central-Europe; chemical-composition; dates-; diagenesis-; Eh-; Europe-; fluctuations-; geochemistry-; Germany-; Holocene-; ICP-mass-spectra; indicators-; isotopes-; lacustrine-environment; lacustrine-sedimentation; lake-sediments; Lake-Steisslingen; major-elements; mass-balance; mass-spectra; metals-; metasomatism-; North-Atlantic-Oscillation; paleoclimatology-; paleoenvironment-; planar-bedding-structures; pyrite-; pyritization-; Quaternary-; radioactive-isotopes; sedimentary-structures; sedimentation-; sedimentation-rates; sediments-; spectra-; sulfides-; trace-elements; varves-; Sedimentary-petrology; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry( Holocene sediments of Lake Steisslingen record sedimentation under different redox conditions. This is proven by the changing depth of the chemocline and the resulting varying extension of laminated sediments from the deepest part of the lake to shallower water depths. Redox fluctuations are additionally reflected by colour changes between red and green and the quality of the nonglacial varves. Major and trace elements were analysed on bulk sediment samples (period between 8200-6200 and 2650-2000 cal a BP) to test their response to the observed changes in past depositional environments. Mn, Mo, U, Fe and S were found to be redox-sensitive elements in Lake Steisslingen. Fe and S are almost entirely fixed in pyrite, because pyrite formation is limited by Fe availability. A parallel distribution of Mo, U, Fe and S between 8200-7200 cal a BP is interpreted as a signal for syngenetic pyrite formation from anoxic and sulfidic hypolimnetic waters. Since bioproductivity was low this must have been caused by conditions favouring a longterm stable stratification of the lake (i.e. high water level, high summer temperatures, ice cover, wind protection and/or low storm activity). Between 6000-2000 cal a BP frequently changing redox conditions from anoxic to dysoxic are assumed. Mo and U curves are mirror images of the Fe, S and Mn variations. This is interpreted as showing diagenetic pyrite formation from pore waters, which is enhanced during times of high Fe availability under rather oxygenated conditions, i.e. when high input of Fe oxy-hydroxides is possible, but when U and Mo cannot necessarily be fixed in the sediments. Changes from slightly disturbed lamination (dysoxic, restricted mixis) to homogenous sediments (oxic conditions, holomixis) cannot be traced within the geochemical record. The observed redox fluctuations between 6000 and 2000 cal a BP are not correlated to changes in bioproductivity, detrital input or cultural influences and must therefore be of a natural, probably climatic origin. The North Atlantic Oscillation is discussed as a possible cause. Germany
Quaternary D ۜ (2005)-3704461569/Eusterhues et al (2005).pdf
? 4 Tribovillard, N.
Riboulleau, A.
Lyons, T.
Baudin, F. 2004v Enhanced trapping of molybdenum by sulfurized marine organic matter of marine origin in Mesozoic limestones and shales 385-401 Chemical Geology 213 4- Akkuyu-Formation; Asia-; Bancs-Jumeaux-Formation; black-shale; Boulonnais-France; Calcaires-d'-Orbagnoux; carbonate-rocks; chemical-composition; Chesapeake-Bay; clastic-rocks; Commonwealth-of-Independent-States; Cretaceous-; deposition-; Eh-; enrichment-; Europe-; France-; geochemistry-; ICP-mass-spectra; iron-; Jurassic-; Kashpir-Shale; Kimmeridge-Clay; La-Luna-Formation; limestone-; marine-sedimentation; mass-spectra; Mesozoic-; metals-; Middle-East; molybdenum-; organic-compounds; paleoenvironment-; reconstruction-; reduction-; Russian-Federation; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; shale-; South-America; spectra-; sulfides-; sulfur-; Turkey-; United-Kingdom; United-States; Upper-Cretaceous; Upper-Jurassic; Venezuela-; Western-Europe; Sedimentary-petrology; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry There have been many studies devoted to trace metals and their value in assessing the paleoredox conditions of ancient marine deposition. Among them, molybdenum (Mo) is frequently cited as an effective proxy for sediments and sedimentary rocks. Recently, Helz et al. (Helz, G. R., Miller, C. V., Charnock, J. M., Mosselmans, J. L. W., Pattrick, R. A. D., Garner, C. D., Vaughan, D. J., 1996. Mechanisms of molybdenum removal from the sea and its concentration in black shales: EXAFS evidences. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 3631-3642) and Adelson et al. (Adelson, J. M., Helz, G. R., Miller, C. V., 2001. Reconstructing the rise of recent coastal anoxia; molybdenum in Chesapeake Bay sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 65, 237-252.) suggested that Mo does not behave conservatively in the water column when H (sub 2) S reaches a threshold concentration. Above this concentration, a "switch" operates, and Mo is scavenged by forming bonds with metal-rich (notably iron) particles, sulfur-rich organic molecules and pyrite. In this paper, Mo-trapping by sulfur-rich organic matter (OM) in ancient marine deposits is emphasized. The following Mesozoic geological formations were selected for study because of their relatively high concentration of sulfurized OM: the Akkuyu Formation (Turkey), the Calcaires d'Orbagnoux (France) and Kimmeridge Clay (UK) and its time-equivalent in Boulonnais (France), the Kashpir oil shales (Russia), and the La Luna Formation (Venezuela). The sulfur-rich OM is identified by either measured organic-S abundance or kerogen microscope observation. Our results show that Mo is systematically more enriched relative to the other redox-sensitive/sulfide-forming elements studied (U, V, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr), and Mo enrichment is positively correlated with the amount of sulfurized OM but not with pyrite abundance. These results illuminate the role played by sulfurized OM in geologic-scale Mo capture and retention, but they also underline the role played by reactive iron. Significant OM sulfurization is only possible when reactive iron is limited. Nevertheless, pyrite formation, though limited, could act as an initial Mo trap, prior to Mo uptake by OM that is sulfurized after the pyritization step. In future paleoenvironmental reconstructions, attention must be paid to this enhanced Mo enrichment in the presence of sulfurized organic matter. In such cases, the use of Mo could lead to overestimation of the reducing conditions of the depositional environment. Generic Mesozoic D (2004)-2816301318/Tribolivard et al. (2004).pdf g
? 1 Wilde, Pat
Lyons, Timothy W.
Quinby-Hunt, Mary S. 20042 Organic carbon proxies in black shales; molybdenum 167-176 Chemical Geology 206 3-4 Appalachians-; Atlantic-Ocean; Avalonia-; Baltica-; basins-; black-shale; carbon-; carbonates-; Carboniferous-; Cariaco-Basin; Caribbean-Sea; chemical-composition; chemical-ratios; clastic-rocks; geochemistry-; Iowa-; isotopes-; Leg-165; metals-; mineral-composition; molybdenum-; New-York; North-America; North-Atlantic; Ocean-Drilling-Program; ODP-Site-1002; organic-carbon; organic-compounds; paleoecology-; paleoenvironment-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-basins; sedimentary-rocks; source-rocks; sulfur-; total-organic-carbon; United-States; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Sedimentary-petrology Geochemistry Isotopic and elemental proxies are useful for discerning the original compositions of ancient rocks subject to later diagenetic/thermal alteration, low-rank metamorphism, outcrop weathering, etc. Recent work in the Cariaco Basin [Chem. Geol. 195 (2003) 131] has shown a high correlation between total organic carbon (TOC) content and Mo normalized to Al in these modern euxinic sediments: microlaminated, dark olive gray, silty clay (0-11.6 kyr BP), %TOC = 1486*(Mo/Al)+2.8, n = 13, r (super 2) = 0.52, mean rate of deposition=36 cm/kyr; distinctly microlaminated, dark olive gray, clayey mud (11.6-14.5 kyr BP), %TOC = 1622*(Mo/Al)+0.22, n = 15, r (super 2) = 0.89, mean rate of deposition = 79 cm/kyr. Here, we use these relationships to estimate the original TOC contents of ancient black shales with overall characteristics similar to those of the modern Cariaco sediments. These "Group IV" black shales as defined by Quinby-Hunt and Wilde [Econ. Geol. 91 (1996) 4] are characterized by relatively high concentrations of V, Mo and Co but low Mn contents. The Cariaco regressions and those from the Carboniferous of Iowa and the Devonian of New York were used to estimate the "original" TOC contents for Lower Ordovician black shales of the Baltica and Avalonia plates, where C (sub org) values were not taken. For individual samples, the Carboniferous regression produced TOC values approximately double that derived from the regression equation of the Cariaco Basin lower anoxic zone. Such variations among the results from the four regressions suggest that there is no universal proxy for TOC using Mo/Al. These calculated TOC values, however, are consistent with the higher levels of primary production predicted from the paleogeographic settings of these intervals. In general, the Mo proxy for original TOC content, while approximate, works for oxygen-deficient sites of deposition where other proxies for C loss, such as C (sub org) /S (sub py) ratios in normal (oxic) marine shales, do not apply. Estimates of original TOC from Mo content in samples spanning the geologic record, combined with paleogeography and paleoecology, should be useful in estimating pathways of C synthesis and remineralization in ancient oceans and initial hydrocarbon potential of petroleum source rocks. Generic Generic 8
| |4)-3637800193/Wilde et al (2004).pdf ? Canfield, Donald E. 1994C Factors influencing organic carbon preservation in marine sediments 315-329 Chemical Geology 114 3-4x adsorption-; aerobic-environment; anaerobic-environment; biogenic-structures; bioturbation-; carbon-; degradation-; kinetics-; marine-sediments; mixing-; organic-carbon; organic-compounds; organic-materials; oxidation-; oxygen-; polymerization-; sedimentary-structures; sedimentation-; sedimentation-rates; sediments-; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments; Oceanography Organic geochemistry The organic matter that escapes decomposition is buried and preserved in marine sediments, with much debate as to whether the amount depends on bottom-water O (sub 2) concentration. One group argues that decomposition is more efficient with O (sub 2) , and hence, organic carbon will be preferentially oxidized in its presence, and preserved in its absence. Another group argues that the kinetics of organic matter decomposition are similar in the presence and absence of O (sub 2) , and there should be no influence of O (sub 2) on preservation. A compilation of carbon preservation shows that both groups are right, depending on the circumstances of deposition. At high rates of deposition, such as near continental margins, little difference in preservation is found with varying bottom-water O (sub 2) . It is important that most carbon in these sediments decomposes by anaerobic pathways regardless of bottom-water O (sub 2) . Hence, little influence of bottom-water O (sub 2) on preservation would, in fact, be expected. As sedimentation rate drops, sediments deposited under oxygenated bottom water become progressively more aerobic, while euxinic sediments remain anaerobic. Under these circumstances, the relative efficiencies of aerobic and anaerobic decomposition could affect preservation. Indeed, enhanced preservation is observed in low-O (sub 2) and euxinic environments. To explore in detail the factors contributing to this enhanced carbon preservation, aspects of the biochemistries of the aerobic and anaerobic process are reviewed. Other potential influences on preservation are also explored. Finally, a new model for organic carbon decomposition, the "pseudo-G" model, is developed. This model couples the degradation of refractory organic matter to the overall metabolic activity of the sediment, and has consequences for carbon preservation due to the mixing together of labile and refractory organic matter by bioturbation. Generic Generic 0 }$ 20855041/Canfield (1994).pdf5? d Helz, G.R.
Miller, C.V.
Charnock, J.M.
Mosselmans, J.F.W.
Patrick, R.A.D.
Garner, C.D.
Vaughan, D.J. 1996c Mechanisms of molybdenum removal from the sea and its concentration in black shales: EXAFS evidence 3631-3642 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60 Geochemistry Generic Generic 4
: R1635835905/Helz et al (1996).pdf?? ! " Bless, M.J.M.
Winkler Prins, C.F. 1972b Palaeoecology and plaeogeography of the Aegir marine band and its equivalents in north-west Europe 231-239Q Septième Congrès International de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère - Krefeld -
Palaeontology Western Europe
Carboniferous < ? - Clark-Lowes, D.D.
Kuzemko, N.C.J.
Scott, D.A. 1987a Structure and petroleum prospectivity of the Dutch Central Graben and neighbouring platform areas 337-356% Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe Brooks, J.
Glennie, K. London Graham & Trotman Petroleum Geology NL North Sea Generic ? + Menning, M.
German-Stratigraphic-Commission 2002 A Geologic Time Scale 2002 -# Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2002 - German Stratigraphic Commission - - Stratigraphy Generic Generic ? Huerta-Diaz, M. G.
Morse, J. W. 19927 Pyritization of trace metals in anoxic marine sediments 2681-2702 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 56 78 anaerobic-environment; Atchafalaya-Bay; Atlantic-Ocean; Baffin-Bay; geochemistry-; Green-Canyon; Gulf-of-Mexico; Louisiana-; marine-sediments; metasomatism-; Mississippi-Delta; North-Atlantic; Orca-Basin; pyritization-; sediments-; Texas-; trace-metals; United-States; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry Serial Generic Generic H e (1992)-1204428600/Huerta-Diaz & Morse (1992).pdf ? Morse, J. W.
Luther III, G. W. 1999K Chemical influences on trace metal-sulfide interactions in anoxic sediments 3373-3378 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63 19-20 anaerobic-environment; arsenic-; cadmium-; chemical-reactions; copper-; geochemistry-; iron-; lead-; metals-; molybdenum-; pyrite-; reduction-; sediments-; sulfides-; theoretical-studies; thermodynamic-properties; trace-metals; zinc-; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry Generic Generic D T (1999)-4090417720/Morse & Luther-III (1999).pdfl? Klinkhammer, G. P.
Palmer, M. R. 1991, Uranium in the oceans: Where it goes and why 1799-1806 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 55 7 actinides-; distribution-; geochemistry-; marine-sediments; metals-; sea-water; sediment-water-interface; sediments-; uranium-; Geochemistry-of-rocks,-soils,-and-sediments Geochemistry Generic Generic H 4h 8er (1991)-2328625208/Klinkhammer & Palmer (1991).pdf ? Herngreen, G.F.W. 19735 The so-called Kuhfeld Beds in the eastern Netherlands 127-1373 Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie 24 Clastic sedimentology Netherlands
Cretaceous ? Herngreen, G.F.W. 1978M A preliminary dinoflagellate zonation of Aptian-Cenomanian in the Netherlands 273-281 Palinologia 1
Palaeontology Netherlands
Cretaceous ? Herngreen, G.F.W. 1984f Dating Tertiary strata in seven boreholes in the Oldenzaal-Denekamp area (Twente), eastern Netherlands 125-1533 Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie 37 Stratigraphy Netherlands Cenozoic ? Herngreen, G.F.W. 1987d Correlation between Miocene beds of the SE Netherlands and Italy based on dinoflagellate biozonation 31-40= Mededelingen van de Werkgroep Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie 24 Stratigraphy Western Europe Neogene ? Herngreen, G.F.W.
Wong, Th. E. 1989P Revision of the Late Jurassic stratigraphy of the Dutch Central North Sea Graben 73-105 Geologie en Mijnbouw 68 Stratigraphy Netherlands Jurassice? g Herngreen, G.F.W.
Schuurman, H.A.H.M.
Verbeek, J.W.
Brinkhuis, H.
Burnett, J.A.
Felder, W.M.
Kedves, M. 1998[ Biostratigraphy of Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary strata in the Curfs quarry, the Netherlands 3-57F Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO 61 Stratigraphy Netherlands Cretaceous; Palaeogene@ ? 2 Herngreen, G.F.W.
Kerstholt, S.J.
Munsterman, D.K. 2000{ Callovian-Ryazanian (Upper Jurassic) palynostratigraphy of the Central North Sea Graben and Vlieland Basin, the Netherlands 99F Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO 63 Stratigraphy Netherlands Jurassic ? Herngreen, G.F.W.
Boer, K.F. de 1974L Palynology of Rhaetian, Liassic and Dogger strata in the eastern Netherlands 343-368 Geologie en Mijnbouw 53
Palaeontology Netherlands Triassic; Jurassic ? Herngreen, G.F.W.
Boer, K.F. de 1978M Dinoflagellate zonation of Upper Dogger and Lowermost Malm in the Netherlands 283-291 Palinologia 1
Palaeontology Netherlands Jurassic ? H Herngreen, G.F.W.
Boer, K.F. de
Romein, B.J.
Lissenberg, T.
Wijker, N.C. 1983< Middle Callovian beds in the Achterhoek, eastern Netherlands 95-123% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 37 3 Stratigraphy Netherlands Jurassic ? 0 Heinrichs, H.
Schulz-Dobrick, B.
Wedepohl, K. H. 19805 Terrestrial geochemistry of Cd, Bi, Tl, Pb, Zn and Rb 1519-1534 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 44 10+ abundance-; alkali-metals; bismuth-; cadmium-; composition-; crust-; data-; experimental-studies; geochemistry-; igneous-rocks; lead-; metals-; metamorphic-rocks; minerals-; potassium-; rubidium-; sedimentary-rocks; terrestrial-materials; thallium-; trace-elements; trace-metals; zinc-; Geochemistry Geochemistry Generic Generic D 9
: (1980)-0986126648/Heinrichs et al. (1980).pdf ? 5 Ziegler, P. A.
Van Wees, J.-D.
Cloetingh, S. A. P. L. 1998M Mechanical controls on collision-related compressional intraplate deformation 103-129 Tectonophysics 300 Structural Geology Intraplate compressional features, such as inverted extensional basins, upthrust basement blocks and whole lithospheric folds, play an important role in the structural framework of many cratons. Although compressional intraplate deformation can occur in a number of dynamic settings, stresses related to collisional plate coupling appear to be responsible for the development of the most important compressional intraplate structures. These can occur at distances of up to + or -1600 km from a collision front, both in the fore-arc (foreland) and back-arc (hinterland) positions with respect to the subduction system controlling the evolution of the corresponding orogen. Back-arc compression associated with island arcs and Andean-type orogens occurs during periods of increased convergence rates between the subducting and overriding plates. For the build-up of intraplate compressional stresses in fore-arc and foreland domains, four collision-related scenarios are envisaged: (1) during the initiation of a subduction zone along a passive margin or within an oceanic basin; (2) during subduction impediment caused by the arrival of more buoyant crust, such as an oceanic plateau or a microcontinent at a subduction zone; (3) during the initial collision of an orogenic wedge with a passive margin, depending on the lithospheric and crustal configuration of the latter, the presence or absence of a thick passive margin sedimentary prism, and convergence rates and directions; (4) during post-collisional over-thickening and uplift of an orogenic wedge. The build-up of collision-related compressional intraplate stresses is indicative for mechanical coupling between an orogenic wedge and its fore- and/or hinterland. Crustal-scale intraplate deformation reflects mechanical coupling at crustal levels whereas lithosphere-scale deformation indicates mechanical coupling at the level of the mantle-lithosphere, probably in response to collisional lithospheric over-thickening of the orogen, slab detachment and the development of a mantle back-stop. The intensity of collisional coupling between an orogen and its fore- and hinterland is temporally and spatially variable. This can be a function of oblique collision. However, the build-up of high pore fluid pressures in subducted sediments may also account for mechanical decoupling of an orogen and its fore- and/or hinterland. Processes governing mechanical coupling/decoupling of orogens and fore- and hinterlands are still poorly understood and require further research. Localization of collision-related compressional intraplate deformations is controlled by spatial and temporal strength variations of the lithosphere in which the thermal regime, the crustal thickness, the pattern of pre-existing crustal and mantle discontinuities, as well as sedimentary loads and their thermal blanketing effect play an important role. The stratigraphic record of collision-related intraplate compressional deformation can contribute to dating of orogenic activity affecting the respective plate margin. Generic Generic @ P
D1998)-1370532352/Ziegler et al. (1998).pdf ? ( Ziegler, P.A.
Bertotti, S.
Cloetingh, S. 2002y Dynamic processes controlling foreland development - the role of mechanical (de)coupling of orogenic wedges and forelands 17-56. EGU Stephan Mueller Special Publication Series 1 Structural Geology Generic Generic ? Ziegler, P. A. 1989C Evolution of Laurussia - a study in Late Palaeozoic plate tectonics 102 Dordrecht, Boston, London Kluwer Academic Publishers Geology Generic
Palaeozoic ? % Sundvoll, B.
Larsen, B.T.
Wandaas, B. 1992C Early Magmatic phase in the Oslo Rift and its related stress regime 37-54 Tectonophysics 208 Magmatism Norway Carboniferous; Permian @ h 1992)-3933861888/Sundvoll et al. (1992).pdf ? " Kooi, H.
Hettema, M.
Cloetingh, S. 1991h Lithospheric dynamics and the rapid Pliocene-Quaternary subsidence phase in the southern North Sea basin 245-259 Tectonophysics 192 Structural Geology Southern North Sea Cenozoic 4 Dh0590333185/Kooi et al (1991).pdf ? 7 Cope, J.C.W.
Guion, P.D.
Sevastopulo, G.D.
Swan, A.R.H. 1992
Carboniferous 67-86( Atlas of Palaeogeography and Lithofacies
Memoir No. 13& Cope, J.C.W.
Ingham, J.K.
Rawson, P.F. London The Geological Society Geology UK
Carboniferous +
? # Senglaub, Y.
Littke, R.
Brix, M. R. 2006 Numerical modelling of burial and temperature history as an approach for an alternative interpretation of the Bramsche anomaly, Lower Saxony Basin 204-224' International Journal of Earth Sciences 95 Burial history Germany Generic @ H {\(2006)-3484301574/Senglaub et al. (2006).pdfu? , Petmecky, S.
Meier, L.
Reiser, H.
Littke, R. 1999J High thermal maturity in the Lower Saxony Basin; intrusion or deep burial? 317-344 Tectonophysics 304 Burial history The Lower Saxony Basin (LSB) is situated at the southern rim of the Northern Permian Basin, the most important hydrocarbon-bearing province in Europe. In its southern part, areas of high thermal maturation (up to 6% R (sub r) ) occur which were previously explained as being caused by magmatic intrusions of Turonian to Santonian age that affected Carboniferous to Lower Cretaceous rocks. In this area, 2D numerical basin modelling was carried out in order to reconstruct the temperature histories along two parallel, N-S-trending seismic sections. Along these sections, new data about maturity distribution and temperature history were obtained by vitrinite reflectance measurements and apatite fission track analysis. For the areas with highest maturity values, low coalification gradients were established which agree well with earlier published data on wells further towards the west. This new information does not support previous hypotheses on high heat flows from magmatic intrusions, even if lateral heat transport is taken into account. Instead, comparisons with a recently published map of the subsurface structure of the LSB indicate that maturity distribution may be closely related to major tectonic structures. Deep burial of individual structures of the LSB, which are bordered by deep E-W- to ESE-WNW-trending faults is further suggested by (a) rapidly increasing thicknesses of preserved Cretaceous strata towards the south and (b) structural restoration of one of the seismic sections. To achieve a fit between measured and calculated palaeo-temperature and vitrinite reflectance data, deep burial of Carboniferous source rocks during Cretaceous time has to be assumed. Due to an inversion phase in the early and middle Upper Cretaceous, major amounts of sediment were removed and further uplift occurred in Tertiary times. In contrast, the northern part of the LSB experienced maximum burial and temperatures during Tertiary times. Germany Generic @ U| %l1999)-2073572358/Petmecky et al. (1999).pdf -? 7 Senglaub, Y
Brix Manfred, R
Adriasola, A C
Littke, Ralf 2005 New information on the thermal history of the southwestern Lower Saxony Basin, northern Germany, based on fission-track analysis 876-896' International Journal of Earth Sciences 94 Burial history Germany Generic @ 2005)-1370327046/Senglaub et al. (2005).pdf +? Geluk, M.C. 2005[ Stratigraphy and tectonics of Permo-Triassic basins in the Netherland and surrounding areas 171 Utrecht Utrecht University Stratigraphy Western Europe Permian; Triassic ? Herbig, H.-G
Bender, P. 1992n A eustatically driven calciturbidite sequence from the Dinantian II of the Eastern Rheinisches Schiefergebirge 245-262 Facies 27 Carbonate sedimentology Germany
Carboniferous @ D 992) -3495068930/Bender & Herbig (1992) .pdf
? Cohen, K.M
Hijma, M.P. 2008^ Het Rijnmondgebied in het Vroeg-Holoceen: inzichten uit een diepe put bij Blijdorp (Rotterdam) 64-71 Grondboor & Hamer 3-4 Palaeogeography Netherlands
Quaternary < 3008)-3663026690/Cohen & Hijma (2008).pdf ? & Fisher, Q. J.
Cliff, R.A.
Dodson, M.H. 2003O U-Pb systematics of an Upper Carboniferous black shale from South Yorkshire, UK 331-347 Chemical Geology 194 Geochemistry UK
Carboniferous 8 C )-3747020546/Fisher et al (2003).pdfT? 7 Fontaine, J.M.
Guastella, G.
Jouault, P.
de la Vega, P. 1993L F15-A: a Triassic gas field on the easetrn limit of the Dutch Central Graben 583-593H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference - Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Netherlands Triassic @ 1 G993)-3696044105/Fontaine et al. (1993).pdf ? % Kemp, S.J.
Merriman, R.J.
Bouch, J.E. 2005Z Clay mineral reaction progress - the maturity and burial history the Lias Group of England 43-61
Clay Minerals 40 Burial history UK Jurassic 4 L1147132674/Kemp et al (2005).pdf? ! Nelskamp, S.
David, P.
Littke, R. 2008w A comparison of burial, maturity and temperature histories of selected wells from sedimentary basins in The Netherlands 931-953' International Journal of Earth Sciences 97 Burial history Netherlands Generic @ m -2008)-1264973570/Nelskamp et al (2008).pdf ? 2 Peckmann, J.
Gischler, E.
Oschmann, W.
Reitner, J. 2001i An Early Carboniferous seep community and hydrocarbon-derived carbonates from the Harz Mountains, Germany 271-274 Geology 29 Petroleum Geology Germany
Carboniferous @ e(2001)-1201104646/Peckmann et al. (2001).pdf#
? Stribrny, B.
Urban, H.
Weber, H. 1988 The Lower Carboniferous black shale formation, a possible source for noble and base metal deposits in the NE Rhenish Massif, Federal Republic of Germany 129-143 Mineralogy and Petrology 39 Geochemistry Germany
Carboniferous @ } rl(1988)-3184559110/Stribrny et al. (1988).pdf ? Dahlen, F.A. 1990E Critical taper model of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges 55-99, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science 19 Structural Geology Generic Generic 0 7-0925513985/Kershaw et al 2007.pdf ? Mabille, C.
Boulvain, F. 2007 Sedimentology and magnetic susceptibility of the Upper Eifelian-Lower Givetian (Middle Devonian) in SW Belgium: insights into carbonate platform initiation 109-123I Palaeozoic Reefs and Bioaccumulations: Climatic and Evolutionary Controls 275G Alvaro, J.J.
Aretz, M.
Boulvain, F.
Munnecke, A.
Vachard, D.
Vennin, E. London Geological Society Carbonate sedimentology Belgium Devonian @ l h 2007-1965999361/Mabille & Boulvain 2007.pdfV? Poty, E.
Chevalier, E. 20073 Late Frasnian phillipsastreid biostromes in Belgium 143-161I Palaeozoic Reefs and Bioaccumulations: Climatic and Evolutionary Controls 275G Alvaro, J.J.
Aretz, M.
Boulvain, F.
Munnecke, A.
Vachard, D.
Vennin, E. London Geological Society Carbonate sedimentology Belgium Devonian @
{ ƌ 2007-0070316801/Poty & Chevalier 2007.pdf ? & Zapalski, M.K.
Hubert, B.
Mistiaen, B. 2007j Estimation of palaeoenvironmental changes: can analysis of distribution of tabulae in tabulates be a tool? 275-281I Palaeozoic Reefs and Bioaccumulations: Climatic and Evolutionary Controls 275G Alvaro, J.J.
Aretz, M.
Boulvain, F.
Munnecke, A.
Vachard, D.
Vennin, E. London Geological Society
Palaeontology Generic Generic < \007-0674983681/Zapalski et al 2007.pdf ? Tesch, P. 1938" L'origine du sous-sol des Pays-Bas 541-553G Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap 4 Geology Netherlands Generic ,
$
d001542/Tesch (1938).pdf ? Oplustil, S.
Cleal, C. J. 2007K A comparative analysis of some Late Carboniferous basins of Variscan Europe 417-448 Geological Magazine 144 Stratigraphy Europe
Carboniferous D 4 (2007)-2857507585/Oplustil & Cleal (2007).pdf ?
Nickel, E. 2003f Oligozäne Beckendynamik und Sequenzstratigrafie am Südrand des Nordwesteuropäischen Tertiärbeckens 155 Bonn) Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms University Geology Germany
Palaeogene ,
v354560/Nickel (2003).pdf ? Nance, R.D.
Linnemann, U. 20084 The Rheic Ocean: Origin, evolution, and significance 4-12 GSA Today 18 Structural Geology Generic
Palaeozoic D T (2008)-1266121984/Nance & Linnemann (2008).pdf 8? 6 Cross, M.M.
Manning, D.A.C.
Botrell, S.H.
Worden, R.H. 2004 Thermochemical sulphate reduction (TSR): experimental determination of reaction kinetics and implications of the observed reaction rates for petroleum reservoirs 393-404 Organic Geochemistry 34 Geochemistry Generic Generic 8 -3561678849/Cross et al (2004).pdf ? De Jager, J.
Geluk, M.C. 2007 Petroleum geology 241-264 Geology of the Netherlands -' Wong, T. E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
de Jager, J. Amsterdam. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic @
p
h2007)-2644162304/De Jager & Geluk (2007).pdf ?
Abma, R.R. 19546 De chemische samenstelling van het Nederlandse aardgas 449-455 Geologie en Mijnbouw 16 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ? ' Alberts, L.J.H.
Geel, C.R.
Klasen, J.J. 2003v Reservoir characterisation using process-response simulations: the Lower Cretaceous Rijn Field, West Netherlands Basin 313-324" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 82 Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Cretaceous < d3)-3753544704/Alberts et al (2003).pdf ? Ahorner, L. 1994 Fault-plane solutions and source parameters of the 1992 Roermond, the Netherlands, mainshock and its stronger aftershocks from regional seismic data 199-214 Geologie en Mijnbouw 73
Seismicity Netherlands Generic ? Achterberg, A.
Zaanen, J.J. 1972$ Sporen kwik in het Groninger aardgas 9-11 Chemisch Weekblad 68 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ? + Van Adrichem Boogaert, H.A.
Burgers, W.F.J. 19833 The development of the Zechstein in The Netherlands 83-92 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Geology Netherlands Zechstein ` ,l @gaert & Burgers (1983)-2434646784/Van Adrichem Boogaert & Burgers (1983).pdf ? Alblas, L.D. 2001L The petroleum industry in the Netherlands - its settings and possible future 23-32" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 80 1 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic 0 d 76346368/Alblas (2001).pdf ? Van Amerom, H.W.J. 1972C Das karbonische Alter der Tiefbohrung Wanneperveen 1, eine Revision 491-495 Geologie en Mijnbouw 51 Stratigraphy Netherlands
CarboniferousP ? 1 Van Amerom, H.W.J.
Herngreen, G.F.W.
Romein, B.J. 1976 Palaeobotanical and palynological investigation with notes on the microfauna of some core samples from the Lower Cretaceous in the West Netherlands Basin 41-793 Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie 27
Palaeontology Netherlands
Cretaceous, ? @ Van Amerom, H.W.J.
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Carboniferous? " Van Amerom, H.W.J.
Pagnier, H.J.M. 1990{ Palaeoecological studies of the Late Carboniferous plant macrofossils from borehole Kemperkoul-1 (Sittard, The Netherlands) 1-19% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 44
Palaeontology Netherlands
Carboniferous ? Amthor, J.E.
Okkerman, J. 1998b Influence of early Diagenesis on Reservoir Quality of Rotliegende Sandstones, Northern Netherlands 2246-22655 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 82 12
Diagenesis Netherlands
Rotliegend? F Arets, L.A.G.L
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Wijffels, F.C.M. 1962b Het voorkomen van mijngas en de strijd tegen te hoge concentraties bij de staatsmijnen in Limburg. 39-86 Geologie en Mijnbouw 41 Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Carboniferous
? Yan, J. 2002\ Reservoir parameters estimation from well log and core data: a case study from the North Sea 63-69 Petroleum Geoscience 8 1 Petroleum Geology In this paper we present an integrated approach to derive reservoir parameters from core and well-log data in clay–sand mixtures. This method is based on matching core and log data, and the linear and non-linear regressions are then used to build respective relationships between core and log data to determine formation parameters such as porosity, shale volume, clay content, permeability and fluid saturation. This information is then fed into a velocity prediction model to estimate seismic parameters such as elastic moduli, shear wave velocity and anisotropy coefficients. Finally, we test the method on real data from the North Sea and show that reservoir parameters can be accurately predicted. North Sea Generic ( ( 48928/Yan (2002).pdfD? i Van Balen, R.T.
Bergen, G. van
Leeuw, C. de
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Battens, D.J. 1987q Revision of S.J. Dijkstra's Late Cretaceous megaspores and other plant microfossils from Limburg, The Netherlands 1-55% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 41
Palaeontology Netherlands
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K.-H.Bletschert
M. Wagner
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Rotliegend ? Bekendam, R.F. 2000e Subsidence over upwards migrated salt solution cavities in the Hengelo Brine field; a follow-up study -
Geocontrol - -
Subsidence Netherlands Generic ? Von Bender, F.
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Rotliegend C
? Van den Berg, M.W. 1994{ Neotectonics of the Roer Valley rift system. Style and rate of crustal deformation inferred from syn-tectonic sedimentation 143-156 Geologie en Mijnbouw 73G Strike-slip, Rhine, Maas, Ardennes, Rhenisch Shield, Roer Valley Graben Structural Geology Netherlands Cenozoic <
994)-0824564758/van den Berg (1994).pdf , ? \ Van den Berg, M.W.
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Bless, M.J.M. 1973 The history of the Finefrau Nebenbank Marine Band (Lower Westphalian A) in south Limburg (the Netherlands). A case of interaction between paleogeography, paleotectonics and paleoecology 57-1033 Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie 24 Palaeogeography Netherlands
Carboniferous +? Bless, M.J.M.
Streel, M. 1976 The occurrence of reworked miospores in a Westphalian C microflora from South Limburg (The Netherlands) and its bearing on paleogeography 1-393 Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie 27 Palaeogeography Netherlands
Carboniferous
? & Bless, M.J.M.
Loboziak, S.
Streel, M. 1977\ An Upper Westphalian C "Hinterland" microflora from the Haaksbergen-1 Borehole (Netherlands) 135-1403 Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie 28
Palaeontology Netherlands
CarboniferousW? E Bless, M.J.M.
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Paproth, E. 1977 Paleogeography of Upper Westphalian deposits in N.W. -Europe with reference to the Westphalian C north of the mobile Variscan belt 101-1473 Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie 28 Palaeogeography Western Europe
Carboniferous ~? n Bless, M.J.M.
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Geophysics Netherlands; Belgium; Germany
Palaeozoic ?
Bless, M.J.M.
Voogd, N. de 1980' Exploration for coal in the Netherlands 17-32% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 33 Natural resources Netherlands
Carboniferous? Bless, M.J.M.
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Paproth, E.
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Poty, E. 1981 Preliminary report on Lower Tertiary-Upper Cretaceous and Dinantian-Famennian rocks in the boreholes Heugem-1-1a and Kastanjelaan-2 (Maastricht, the Netherlands) 333-415% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 35 Stratigraphy Netherlands Generic ?
Bless, M.J.M. 19813 Delfstoffen in Limburg: Verleden, heden en toekomst 17-33" Miscellanea Geologica Coriovallana - Natural resources Netherlands Generic ?
Bless, M.J.M. 19819 Paleoecologisch onderzoek in het Carboon van Zuid-Limburg 61-68" Miscellanea Geologica Coriovallana -
Palaeontology Netherlands
Carboniferous ?
Bless, M.J.M. 1982| The Famennian and Dinantian in the boreholes Heugem1-1a and Kastanjelaan-2 (Maastricht, the Netherlands): summary of results 56-588 Publikaties van het Natuurhistorisch Genootschap Limburg 32 Stratigraphy Netherlands Devonian; Carboniferous ? ' Bless, M.J.M.
Bouckaert, J.
Paproth, E. 1983M Pre-Permian around the Brabant Massif in Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany 1-179% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 32 Palaeogeography Netherlands; Belgium; Germany
Palaeozoic ? Bless, M.J.M.
Streel, M. 19861 Late Devonian events around the Old Red Continent 1-323/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 109 Palaeogeography Western Europe Devonian &? + Bless, M.J.M.
Felder P.J.
Meessen, J.P.M.T. 1986x Late Cretaceous sea level rise and inversion: their influence on the depositional environment between Aachen and Antwerp 333-355/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 109 Palaeogeography Belgium
Cretaceous ?
Bless, M.J.M. 1987Y Summary of geology and hydrogeology of thermal boreholes (South Limburg, The Netherlands) 97-99/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 110 Geology Netherlands Generic ?
Bless, M.J.M. 1991` Eustatic sea level and depth of a Late Cretaceous epi-continental sea: an example from NW Europe 339-346 Geologie en Mijnbouw 70 4 Palaeogeography Western Europe
Cretaceous ? 3 Bless, M.J.M.
Dusar, M.
Felder, P.J.
Swennen, R. 1993p Lithology and biostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene carbonates in the Molenbeersel borehole (NE Belgium) 239-257 Geologie en Mijnbouw 71 Stratigraphy Belgium Cretaceous; Palaeogene N? i Bless, M.J.M.
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Geophysics North Sea Generic @ 4l ,1991)-3674957108/Blundell et al. (1991).pdf ? 5 Den Boer, E.
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Watts, D. 2000_ Resistivity imaging of shallow salt with magnetotellurics as an aid to prestack depth migration 19-26 First Break 18
Geophysics Netherlands Generic @ 9
000)-1521245748/Den Boer et al. (2000).pdf ? Bongaerts, J.P.M. 19658 Winning en conditionering van het aardgas van Slochteren 269-275 Geologie en Mijnbouw 44 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ? ( Boorder, H. de
Lutgert, J.E.
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Mineralogy Netherlands Triassic ? De Booy, T. 1968O Mineral assemblages in Permo-Carboniferous sediments in the eastern Netherlands 21-24` Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie 25
Mineralogy Netherlands Carboniferous; Permian ? Bor, A.M.W. 1968 Drilling Experience 43-47` Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie 25 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic .? > Borkhataria, R.
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Pipping, J.C.P. 2005s Characterisation of epeiric "Layer-cake" carbonate reservoirs: Upper Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic), The Netherlands 119-146 Journal of Petroleum Geology 28 2 Carbonate sedimentology Netherlands Triassic D ( l (2005)-2525843456/Borkhataria et al (2005).pdf ? Bosch, P.W. 1976< De neolithische vuursteenmijnbouw te Rijckholt-St.-Geertruid 8-10 Staringia History Netherlands
Cretaceous
? Van den Bosch, M. 1984k Lithostratigraphy of the Brinkheurne Formation (Oligocene, Rupelian) in the eastern part of the Netherlands 93-113= Mededelingen van de Werkgroep Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie 21 Stratigraphy Netherlands
Palaeogene1? * Van den Bosch, M.
M.C. Cadee
A.W. Jansen 1975 Lithostratigraphical and biostratigraphical subdivision of Tertiary Deposits (Oligocene-Pliocene) in the Winterswijk & Almelo region (eastern part of the Netherlands) 1-167 Scripta Geologica 29 Stratigraphy Netherlands Cenozoice? Van den Bosch, M.
H. Hager 1984 Lithostratigraphic correlation of Rupelian deposits (Oligocene) in the Boom area (Belgium), the Winterswijk area (The Netherlands) and the Lower Rhine district (F.R.G.) 123-138= Mededelingen van de Werkgroep Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie 21 Stratigraphy Netherlands; Belgium; Germany
Palaeogene?! Van den Bosch, W.J. 1983X The Harlingen Field, the only gas field in the Upper Cretaceous Chalk of The Netherlands 145-156 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Kaaschieter, J.P.H.
Reijers, T. The Hague Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Cretaceous <
983)-4146056448/Van den Bosch (1983).pdf ?" Bredewout, J.W. 1989H The character of the Erkelenz intrusive as derived form geophysical data 445-454 Geologie en Mijnbouw 68 4
Geophysics Germany Generic ?# Breunese, J.N.
F.B. Rispens 1996^ Natural gas in the Netherlands: exploration and development in historic and future perspective 353-364 Geologie en Mijnbouw 74 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ?$ Brinkhuis, H.
Smit, J. 1996a The Geulhemmerberg Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary section (Maastrichtian type area, SE Netherlands) 101-293 Geologie en Mijnbouw 75 Stratigraphy Netherlands Cretaceous; Palaeogene ?% Brounen, F.T.S.
Ploegaert, P. 1996d A tale of the unexpected: Neolithic shaft mines at Valkenburg aan de Geul (Limburg, the Netherlands) 198-223 Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia 25 History Netherlands Generic ?& Brouwer, A. 1963$ Cainozoic history of the Netherlands 117-148` Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie 1 21 Geology Netherlands Cenozoic ?' Brouwer, J. 1977e Depositional environment of the Oligocene Rupel Clay in well Grashoek 1, Peel region, The Netherlands 25-30 Geologie en Mijnbouw 56 Clastic sedimentology Netherlands
Palaeogene ?( Brunstrom, T.W.G.
Walmsley, P.J. 1969% Permian evaporites in North Sea Basin 870-8835 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 53
Evaporites North Sea Zechstein ?) Bungener, M.J.A. 1969 Le champ de gas de Groningen 347-354K Revue de l'Association Francais des Techniques du Pétrole, Nouvelle Série 70 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ?* Burgers, W.F.J.
Mulder, G.G. 1991F Aspects of the Late Jurassic and Cretaceous history of The Netherlands 347-354 Geologie en Mijnbouw 70 Geology Netherlands Jurassic; Cretaceous ?+ Cadee, M.C. 1991I Het Oligoceen en de Oligocene mollusken fauna's van Nederland en omgeving 3-23 Afzettingen 12
Palaeontology Netherlands
Palaeogene?, j Camelbeeck, T.
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Seismicity Netherlands Generic ?- Camelbeeck, T.
Meghraoui, M. 1998| Geological and geophysical evidence for large palaeo-earthquakes with surface faulting in the Roer Graben (northwest Europe) 347-362! Internation Journal of Geophysics 132
Seismicity Netherlands Generic ?. $ Cameron, T.D.J.
J. Bulat
C.S. Mesdag 1993_ High resolution seismic profile through a Late Cenozoic delta complex in the southern North Sea 591-600 Marine and Petroleum Geology 10
Geophysics Southern North Sea Cenozoic @ x1993)-3985077505/Cameron et al. (1993).pdf 9?/ / Casson, N.
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Rebel, H.
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Geophysics Netherlands Zechstein ?1 Cocks, L.R.M.
Torsvik, TH. 2002N Earth geography from 400 to 250 Ma: a palaeomagnetic, faunal and facies review 555-572" Journal of the Geological Society 161 Palaeogeography Generic
Palaeozoic ?2 + Coelewij, P.A.J.
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Kuyk, H. van 1978; Magnesium-salt exploration in the north-eastern Netherlands 487-502 Geologie en Mijnbouw 57 Natural resources Netherlands Zechstein ?3 Collaris, R.N.M. 19896 Kwartszanden en zilverzanden van Sigrano Nederland B.V 261-263 Grondboor & Hamer 43 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Cenozoic ?4 Collette, B.J.
Lagaay, R.A. 1966X A continuous reflection profile along the Netherlands coast from Walcheren to Den Helder 265-268 Geologie en Mijnbouw 45
Geophysics Netherlands
Quaternary ?5 De Coninck, J. 1977] Organic walled microfossils from the Eocene of the Woensdrecht borehole, southern Netherlands 33-643 Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie 28
Palaeontology Netherlands
PalaeogeneN?6 De Coninck, J. 1995 Microfossiles à paroi organique du Bartonien, Priabonien et Rupélien inférieur dans le sondage de Kalloespèces significatives dans les sondages de Woensdrecht, Kallo et Mol 65-1053 Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie 53
Palaeontology Netherlands; Belgium
Palaeogene
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Odell, P.R. 20019 Four decades of Groningen production and pricing policies 137-144" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 80 1 Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Rotliegend D 0 4l (2001)-3013084160/Correlje & Odell (2001).pdf ?; Cox, R. 1963% Production of salt in the Netherlands 97-115` Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie 1 21 Natural resources Netherlands Zechstein ?< De Craen, M
Swennen, R. 1992} Sedimentology and diagenesis of the ankeritized basal Zechstein conglomerate in the Campine Basin (Bree borehole, NE Belgium) 145-160 Geologie en Mijnbouw 71 Clastic sedimentology Belgium Zechstein ?= Crittenden, S. 1982W Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy NE of the Sole Pit area in the UK southern North Sea 191-202 Journal of Petroleum Geology 5 Stratigraphy UK North Sea
Cretaceous ?> Crittenden, S. 1987: The "Albian transgression" in the southern North Sea basin 395-414 Journal of Petroleum Geology 10 4 Palaeogeography North Sea
Cretaceous ??
" De Crook, T.
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Seismicity Netherlands Generic ?@ De Crook, T. 1996o A seismic zoning map confirming to Eurocode 8, and practical earthquake parameter relations for the Netherlands 11-18 Geologie en Mijnbouw 75
Seismicity Netherlands Generic ?A Ten Dam, A. 1944 Die stratigraphische Gliederung des niederländischen Paläozäns und Eozäns nach Foraminiferen (mit Ausnahme von Süd-Limburg) 142" Mededelingen Geologische Stichting serie C-V 3 Stratigraphy Netherlands
Palaeogene ?B Deelder, C. 1977 De "Deepwell Naarden 500". 44-53 De Ingenieur 89 2 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ?C Demathieu, G.R.
Oosterink, H.W. 1983 Die Wirbeltier Ichnofauna aus dem Unterem Muschelkalk von Winterswijk (Die Reptilienfährten aus der Mitteltrias der Niederlände) 52 Staringia 7
Palaeontology Netherlands Triassic ?D Demathieu, G.R.
Oosterink, H.W. 1988Y New discoveries of ichnofossils from the Middle Triassic of Winterswijk (The Netherlands) 3-17 Geologie en Mijnbouw 67
Palaeontology Netherlands Triassic ?E Derumaux, F. 1980V Le Permien évaporitique de Mer du Nord. Relations entre tectonique et sédimentologie 495-510C Centres de Recherches Exploration-Production Elf Aquitaine Bulletin 4
Evaporites North Sea Zechstein ?F Dessens, C.W.M. 19962 The role of oil and gas in the Dutch energy policy 341-344 Geologie en Mijnbouw 74 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic
?G DeVault, B.
Jeremiah, J. 2002\ Tectonostratigraphy of the Nieuwerkerk Formation (Delfland subgroup), West Netherlands Basin 1679-17075 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 86 Stratigraphy Netherlands
Cretaceous H [ ,iah (2002)-1884005376/DeVault & Jeremiah (2002).pdf ?H Diederen, J. 1989 Ondergrondse mergelwinning 173-179 Grondboor & Hamer 43 Natural resources Netherlands
Cretaceous ?I Diedrich, C. 2001u Vertebrate track-bed stratigraphy of the Rõt and basal Lower Muschelkalk (Anisian) of Winterswijk (East Netherlands) 31-40" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 80
Palaeontology Netherlands Triassic 0 ͤ GP78529025/Diedrich (2001).pdf ?J Van Dijk, C. 1968= Steam-drive project in the Schoonebeek Field, The Netherlands 295-302 Journal of Petroleum Technology - Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic@ ?K Z Dirkzwager, J.B.
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Beekman, F. 2000v Geo-mechanical and rheological modelling of upper crustal faults and their near-surface expressions in the Netherlands 67-88 Global and Planetary Change 27 Structural Geology Netherlands Generic ?L Van Doorn, Th.H.M. 1991. De diepe ondergrond van Noord- en Zuid-Holland 98-102 Grondboor & Hamer 45 Geology Netherlands Generic ?M Doornhof, D. 1992> Surface subsidence in The Netherlands: The Groningen gas field 173-188 Geologie en Mijnbouw 71
Subsidence Netherlands Generic3?N , Doppert, J.W.C.
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Meuter, F.J. de 1979 Correlation of the biostratigraphy of marine Neogene deposits, based on benthonic foraminifera, established in Belgium and the Netherlands 1-8% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 31-1 Stratigraphy Netherlands; Belgium Neogene ?O Doppert, J.W.C. 1980S Lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of marine Neogene deposits in the Netherlands 255-311% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 32-16 Stratigraphy Netherlands Neogene ?P Doppert, J.W.C.
Neele, N.G. 1983R Biostratigraphy of marine Paleogene deposits in the Netherlands and adjacent areas 3-79% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 37 Stratigraphy Netherlands
Palaeogene ?Q Dorsman, L. 19547 Geological occurrence of natural gas in the Netherlands 443-448 Geologie en Mijnbouw 16 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ?R
Dozy, J.J. 1978) Heeft nederlandse steenkool een toekomst? 263-267 De Ingenieur 90 Natural resources Netherlands
Carboniferous ?S
Dreier, M. 2003F Thermalsimulation im Erdölfeld Emlichheim - Anwendung und Erfahrungen 22-27 Erdöl Erdgas Kohle 118 12 Petroleum Geology Germany
Cretaceous ?T Dronkers, A.J.
Mrozek, F.J. 1991" Inverted basins of The Netherlands 409-418 First Break 9 Structural Geology Netherlands Mesozoic D #(1991)-3388196609/Dronkers & Mrozek (1991).pdf ?U
Duin, E.J.Th. 1989 De Moho onder Nederland 97-101 Grondboor & Hamer 43
Geophysics Netherlands Generic ?W Dunay, R.E.
Dronkers, A.J. 1983g Stratigraphic correlation of the Vlieland and Delfland units in the Dutch offshore, based on palynology 131-134 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Stratigraphy Netherlands
Cretaceous @ ?H 1983)-3475140864/Dunay & Dronkers (1983).pdf ?Y Van Eck, T.
Davenport, C.A. 1994I Seismotectonics and seismic hazard in the Roer Valley Graben: an overview 95-98 Geologie en Mijnbouw 73
Seismicity Netherlands Cenozoic ?Z Edtinger, F.R. 1973M Erdgas-Exploration und -Produktion in der niederländischen Konzession Bergen 279-282 Erdöl-Erdgas Zeitschrift 89 Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Rotliegend ?[ Engelen, F.G.H. 1989? De kalksteen uit het Boven-Krijt en Onder-Tertiair als delfstof 157-172 Grondboor & Hamer 43 Natural resources Netherlands Cretaceous; Palaeogene ?\ Engelen, F.G.H. 1989 De exploitatie van bruinkool 343-344 Grondboor & Hamer 43 Natural resources Netherlands Cenozoic ?] Engelen, F.G.H. 1989 De exploitatie van steenkool 349-352 Grondboor & Hamer 43 Natural resources Netherlands
Carboniferous ?^ Engelen, F.G.H. 1989 Vuursteenwinning en toepassing 207-210 Grondboor & Hamer 43 Natural resources Netherlands Cenozoic ?_
Van Engen, H. 1975: An interpretation of Groningen subsurface temperature data 177-183 Geologie en Mijnbouw 54 Geothermics Netherlands Generic Y?` z Epting, M.
Walzebuck, J.P.
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Amthor, J. 1993T Regional trends in reservoir quality of the Rotliegend in the Dutch on- and offshore 16215 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 72 Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Rotliegend?a Erren, H.
Bredewout, J.W. 1991| Model calculations on intrusive cooling and related coalification of the Peel-Erkelenz coalfield The Netherlands and Germany 243-252 Geologie en Mijnbouw 70 Petroleum Geology Netherlands; Germany
Carboniferous ?b Felder, W.M. 1973A Kalkstenen in het Boven-Krijt van Zuid-Limburg en hun exploitatie 51-62M Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap 29 Natural resources Netherlands
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Palaeontology Netherlands; Belgium
Cretaceous ?e Felder, P.J.
Bless, M.J.M. 1986% Geologie van Zuid-Limburg en omgeving 163-184 Grondboor & Hamer 40 Geology Netherlands Generic?f Felder, P.J.
Bless, M.J.M. 1989q Biostratigraphy and ecostratigraphy of Late Cretaceous deposits in the Kunrade area South-Limburg, SE Netherlands 31-45/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 112 Stratigraphy Netherlands
Cretaceous ?j Felder, W.M. 1996o Historical overview of lithostratigraphic research on the Upper Cretaceous of southern Limburg, the Netherlands 287-300 Geologie en Mijnbouw 74 History Netherlands
Cretaceous ?k Fermont, W.J.J. 1988 Possible causes of abnormal vitrinite reflectance values in paralic deposits of the Carboniferous in the Achterhoek area, The Netherlands 401-411 Organic Geochemistry 12 Organic geochemistry Netherlands
Carboniferous ?l Fermont, W.J.J.
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Laar, J.G.M. van de
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Carboniferous ?n Fischer, M.M. (editor) 1997 Holocene 142F Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO 59 Geology Netherlands
Quaternary ?o Freudenthal, T. 1964P Paleobotany of the Mesophytic I: Palynology of Lower Triassic rock salt, Hengelo 209-236 Acta Botanica Neerlandica 13
Palaeontology Netherlands Triassic 2?p 4 Friedrich, G.
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Vogtmann
Wiechowski, A. 1987{ Lead-zinc mineralization in Dinantian rocks of boreholes Thermae 2000 and Thermae 2002 Valkenburg a-d Geul, the Netherlands 59-75/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 110
Mineralogy Netherlands
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Franssen, R.C.W.M.
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Rotliegend @ i ,P(2000)-3633017871/Gauthier et all (2000).pdf
?r Gdula, J.E. 1983Z Reservoir geology, structural framework and petrophysical aspects of the De Wijk gas field 191-202 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic , Zl |0041856/Gdula (1983).pdf$ ?s Geertsma, J.
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?w V Geluk, M.C.
Duin, E.J.Th.
Dusar, M.
Rijkers, R.H.B.
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Savin, S.M. 1989s Timing and conditions of Permian Rotliegend sandstone diagenesis, southern North Sea: K-Ar and oxygen isotopic data 195-2155 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 73
Diagenesis Southern North Sea
Rotliegend ? Van der Lely, J. 1951' Water disposal in the Schoonebeek field 224-230 Geologie en Mijnbouw 13 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic
? Letsch, W.J.
Sissingh, W. 1983( Tertiary stratigraphy of The Netherlands 305-318 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Stratigraphy Netherlands Cenozoic H (h ngh (1983)-0980389376/Letsch and Sissingh (1983).pdf ? De Loos, J. M. 1973> In-situ compaction measurements in Groningen observation wells 79` Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie 28
Subsidence Netherlands Generic ? Mallon, A.J.
Swarbrick, R.E. 20024 A compaction trend for non-reservoir North Sea Chalk 517-539 Marine and Petroleum Geology 19
Subsidence North Sea
Cretaceous ? Mann, D. M.
Mackenzie, A. S. 19908 Prediction of pore fluid pressures in sedimentary basins 55-65 Marine and Petroleum Geology 7 Petroleum Geology Generic Generic ? ! Maureau, G.T.F.R.
Wijhe, D.H. van 1979k The prediction of porosity in the Permian (Zechstein 2) carbonate of eastern Netherlands using seismic data 1502-1517
Geophysics 44
Geophysics Netherlands Zechstein
? Mazur, S.
Scheck-Wenderoth, S. 2005 Constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Central European Basin System revealed by seismic reflection profiles from Northern Germany 389-401" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 84 4 Structural Geology Germany Generic T
i yWenderoth (2005)-0276748965/Mazur & Scheck-Wenderoth (2005).pdf !? " McNeil, B.
Shaw, H.F.
Rankin, A.H. 1998 The timing of cementation in the Rotliegend sandstones of the Southern North Sea: A petrological and fluid inclusion study of cements 311-328 Journal of Petroleum Geology 21 3
Diagenesis Southern North Sea
Rotliegend ? Van de Meer, M.
Pagnier, H.J.M. 1996 The sediment petrography of sandstone bodies of borehole ‘De Lutte-6’ (East Twente, the Netherlands) and its regional significance 31-60% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 55 Petrology Netherlands
Carboniferous ? Milius, G.
Vlugt, W.R. van der 1967 De gasuitbarsting van Sleen 2 20-28 KNAG Geografisch Tijdschrift 1 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ? Van Montfrans, H.M. 19831 De diepe ondergrond van 's-Gravenhage en omgeving 5-11% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 37 Geology Netherlands Generic ? Morrison, J. 19724 NAM recovers mercury produced with Dutch natural gas 72-73 Oil and Gas Journal 17 4 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ? 4 Muchez, P.
Marshall, J.D.
Touret, J.L.R.
Viane, W.A. 1994_ Origin and migration of paleofluids in the Upper Viséan of the Campine Basin, northern Belgium 133-145
Sedimentology 41 Hydrogeology Belgium
Carboniferous ? Mulder, A.J. 1950 De zoutpijler van Schoonlo 169-176 Geologie en Mijnbouw 12 Geology Netherlands Zechstein ? Mulder, A.J. 1950, Oil in the Netherlands and Emsland (Germany) 123-136% Journal of the Institute of Petroleum 36 Petroleum Geology Netherlands; Germany Generic ? Muller, J.E. 1945? De Post-Carbonische tektoniek van het Zuid-Limburgse Mijngebied 32" Mededelingen Geologische Stichting serie C-I-1 2 Structural Geology Netherlands Mesozoic ? Murphy, P.J. 19903 Performance of horizontal wells in the Helder Field 792-800 Journal of Petroleum Geology - Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Rotliegend ? Nagtegaal, P.J.C. 1979i Relationship of facies and reservoir quality in Rotliegendes desert sandstones, Southern North Sea region 145-158 Journal of Petroleum Geology 2 2 Clastic sedimentology Southern North Sea
Rotliegend ? A Nalpas, T.
Le Douaran, S.
Brun, J.P.
Unternehr, P.
Richert, J.P. 1995I Inversion of the Broad Fourteens Basin, a small scale model investigation 237-250 Sedimentary Geology 95 Structural Geology Netherlands Cretaceous; Palaeogene Q? < Nalpas, T.
Richert, J.P.
Brun, J.P.
Mulder, T.
Unternehr, P. 1996l Inversion du "Broad Fourteens Basin" ou Graben de La Haye (sud de la Mer du Nord) apport de la sismimique 3D 309-321C Centres de Recherches Exploration-Production Elf Aquitaine Bulletin 20 Structural Geology Netherlands Cretaceous; Palaeogene ?
NAM 1990n Bodemdaling door aardgaswinning. Groningen veld en randvelden. Status rapport 1990. Prognose tot het jaar 2050 41 - 17.527 Assen& Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V.
Subsidence - Netherlands Generic 1?
NAM 1995 Bodemdaling door aardgaswinning. Groningen veld en randvelden in Groningen, Noord Drenthe en het oosten van Friesland. Status rapport 1995 en prognose tot het jaar 2050 26 - 27.600 Assen& Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V.
Subsidence - Netherlands Generic ? NAM&RGD 1980- Stratigraphic nomenclature of The Netherlands 77M Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap 32 Stratigraphy Netherlands Generic? Oosterink, H.W. 1986S Winterswijk, Geologie. Deel II. De Trias-periode (geologie, mineralen en fossielen) 1-20X Wetenschappelijke Mededeling van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging 178 Geology Netherlands Triassic ? Oosterink, H.W. 19905 Problematische sporen in de Winterswijkse Muschelkalk 44-49 Grondboor & Hamer 44
Palaeontology Netherlands Triassic ? Oosterink, H.W. 1993I Geologische verschijnselen in de groeven van de Winterswijkse Muschelkalk 31-34 Grondboor & Hamer 47 Geology Netherlands Triassic ? Pannekoek, A.J. 19514 Outline of the geological history of the Netherlands 201-212 Geologie en Mijnbouw 13 Geology Netherlands Generic ? Pannekoek, A.J. 19525 Anhydriet en gips in Nederland, geologische inleiding 69-80 Geologie en Mijnbouw 14 Geology Netherlands Zechstein ? $ Paproth, E.
Dreessen, R.
Thorez, J. 1986F Famennian paleogeography and event stratigraphy of northwestern Europe 175-186/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 109 Stratigraphy Western Europe Devonian ?
Parrish, J.T. 1982C Upwelling and petroleum source beds with reference to the Paleozoic 750-7745 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 66 Petroleum Geology Generic
Palaeozoic ? Patijn, R.J.H. 1963! Tektonik von Limburg und Umgebung 9-24` Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie 1 Structural Geology Netherlands Generic ? Patijn, R.J.H. 1964P Die Entstehung von Erdgas infolge der Nachinkohlung im Nordosten der Niederlande 2-9 Erdöl Erdgas Kohle 17 Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Carboniferous'? Patijn, R.J.H.
W.F.M. Kimpe 1961 De kaart van het Carboon-oppervlak, de profielen en de kaart van het dekterrein van het Zuid-Limburgse mijngebied en de staatsmijn Beatrix en omgeving -" Mededelingen Geologische Stichting
Serie C, 4 Geology Netherlands
Carboniferous ? Pelletier, W.
Kolstee, H.G. 1986H Winterswijk, Geologie. Deel I. Inleiding tot de geologie van Winterswijk 1-136X Wetenschappelijke Mededeling van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging 175 Geology Netherlands Generic ? Pelletier, W.
Oosterink, H.W. 1995G Een vindplaats van mineralen in Nederland: de Winterswijkse steengroeve 1-5 Grondboor & Hamer 49
Mineralogy Netherlands Triassic ? Pelletier, W.
Oosterink, H.W. 19944 Een nieuw mineraal uit de Winterswijkse steengroeven 85-86 Grondboor & Hamer 48
Mineralogy Netherlands Triassic ? Peryt, T.M. 1975k Significance of stromatolites for environmental interpretations of the Buntsandstein (Lower Triassic) Rocks 143-158 Geologische Rundschau 64
Palaeontology Europe Triassic ? PGK 1993. Synopsis: Petroleum geology of the Netherlands 315-334 Geologie en Mijnbouw 74 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ? Pflanzl, G. 1978m Geologie und Explorationswürdigkeit des unterkarbonischen Kohlenkalkes und des Namurs in Nordwestdeutschland 406-4336 Ergängzungsband Erdöl, Kohle, Erdgas und Petrochemie - Petroleum Geology Germany
Carboniferous ? Platt, J.D. 1993^ Controls on clay mineral distribution and chemistry in the early Permian Rotliegend of Germany 393-416
Clay Minerals 28
Mineralogy Germany
Rotliegend ? Plein, E. 1978/ Rotliegend-Ablagerungen im Norddeutschen Becken -3 Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft - Clastic sedimentology Germany
Rotliegend%? Van der Poel, A.B. 1987 Porosity development in some uplifted carbonates of the southern Permian Basin (Texel-IJsselmeer High, The Netherlands and The Harz Germany) 1-17% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 41 1 Petroleum Geology Netherlands; Germany Zechstein ?
Van der Poel, A.B. 1989z A case study on the hydrocarbon geology of Upper Permian (Zechstein-3) carbonates in licence P6, the Netherlands' offshore 285-296 Geologie en Mijnbouw 68 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Zechstein"? . Pöppelreiter, M.C.
Simone, A.
Hoetz, H.L.J.G. 2004z Reservoir characteristics of intracontinental carbonate ramp deposits - Upper Muschelkalk, Middle Triassic, NE Netherlands 1-16" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 83 1 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Triassic L &x 8 al. (2004)-3196182437/Pöppelreiter et al. (2004).pdf n? Poty, E. 1999 Fammenian and Tournaisian recoveries of shallow water Rugosa following late Frasnian and late Strunian major crises, southern Belgium and surrounding areas, Hunan (South China) and the Omolon region (NE Siberia) 11-261 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 154
Palaeontology Europe; Asia Devonian; Carboniferous ?
Prent, D. 1963' Petroleum production in The Netherlands 73-83` Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie 1 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ? Price, D.G. 1987 OPAC Borehole Geverik 1 1-4@ Memoirs of the Centre for Engineering Geology in the Netherlands 39 Geothermics Netherlands
Carboniferous ? B Price, A.
Hofmann, A.
Dalen, E. van
McKellar, D.
Kaffenberger, G. 20027 Hanze Field in the Dutch North Sea, unique in many ways 15-20 Oil Gas European Magazine - Petroleum Geology NL North Sea
Cretaceous ? Raedts, C.E.P.M. 1971; De opgang en teleurgang van de Limburgse steenkoolindustrie 105-118 Geologie en Mijnbouw 50 Natural resources Netherlands
Carboniferous ? Reimering, W.T.B. 1948A De ontwikkeling van het aardolieveld Schoonebeek na de bevrijding 75-83 De Ingenieur 9 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ? De Ridder, N.A. 1959Y De kwartaire en jongtertiaire tektoniek van Midden-Limburg en zuidoostelijk Noord-Brabant 1-24 Geologie en Mijnbouw 1 Structural Geology Netherlands Cenozoic ? " Van Riessen, E.D.
Vandenberghe, N. 1996` An Early Oligocene oil seepage at the southern rim of the North Sea Basin, near Leuven (Belgium) 301-312 Geologie en Mijnbouw 74 Petroleum Geology Belgium
Palaeogene ?
Rietman, J.H. 1988@ Opmeting van het aardmagneetveld in Nederland, herleid naar 1985 - - TR-109 De Bilt. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut
Geophysics Netherlands Generic ? Riley, N.J. 1993[ Dinantian (Lower Carboniferous) biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy in the British Isles 427-446" Journal of the Geological Society 150 Stratigraphy UK
Carboniferous f? t Robaszynski, F.
Bless, M.J.M.
Felder, P.J.
Foucher, J.C.
Legoux, O.
Manivit, H.
Meessen, J.P.M.T.
Tuuk, L.A. van der 1985^ The Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary in the chalky facies close to the type-Maastrichtian area 1-252C Centres de Recherches Exploration-Production Elf Aquitaine Bulletin 9 Stratigraphy Netherlands
Cretaceous ?
Robert, P. 1989q The thermal setting of the Carboniferous basins in relation to the Variscan orogeny in Central and Western Europe 171-206% International Journal of Coal Geology 13 Geothermics Europe
Carboniferous ?
Roest, J.P.A. 1995" Lichte aardschokken bij gaswinning 118-119 Bodem 5
Subsidence Netherlands Generic c? Romein, B.J. 1963 Present knowledge of the stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian- Maastrichtian) and Lower Tertiary (Danian-Montian) calcareous sediments in southern Limburg 93-104` Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie 1 Stratigraphy Netherlands
Cretaceous ? Ronteltap, B.D. 1973F Betriebliche Erfahrungen mit grossen Clusters im Erdgas-feld Groningen 551-557" Erdol & Kohle, Erdgas, Petrochemie 26 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Genericl ? o Van Rooijen, P.
Klostermann, J.
Doppert, J.W.C.
Rescher, C.K.
Verbeek, J.W.
Sliggers, B.C.
Glasbergen, P. 1984 Stratigraphy and tectonics in the Peel-Venlo area as indicated by Tertiary sediments in the Broekhuizenvorst and Geldern Tl boreholes 1-27% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 38 Geology Netherlands; Germany Cenozoic ? Van Rooijen, P. 1989 Grondwater in Limburg 377-386 Grondboor & Hamer 43 Hydrogeology Netherlands Generic ? Van Rooijen, P. 2000H Arcen - a mineralized groundwater from the Zechstein in Northern Limburg 4-64 Mitteilungen zur Ingenieurgeologie und Hydrogeologie 76 Hydrogeology Netherlands Zechstein ? Rossel, N.C. 1982R Clay mineral diagenesis in Rotliegend aeolian sandstones of the southern North Sea 69-77
Clay Minerals 17
Diagenesis Southern North Sea
Rotliegend ? Van Rossum, B. 1975J Aspects of the geology and appraisal-development of the Groningen Gasfield 254-256 Erdöl-Erdgas Zeitschrift 91 Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Rotliegend
? O Rowley, D.B.
Raymond, A.
Parrish, J.T.
Lottes, A.L.
Scotese, C.R.
Ziegler, A.M. 1985O Carboniferous paleogeographic, phytogeographic and paleoclimatic reconstruction 7-42% International Journal of Coal Geology 5 Geology Generic
Carboniferous ?! - De Ruiter, H.J.
van der Laan, G.
Udink, H.G. 1967? Development of the North Netherlands gas discovery in Groningen 255-264 Geologie en Mijnbouw 46 Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Rotliegend ?" Sax, H.G.J. 1946= De tectoniek van het Carboon in het Zuid-Limburgse Mijngebied 77" Mededelingen Geologische Stichting serie C-I-1 3 Structural Geology Netherlands
Carboniferous ?# Schäfer, J.C. 1974J Thermal recovery in the Schoonebeek oil field. Fifteen years of experience 372-379 Erdöl-Erdgas Zeitschrift 90 Petroleum Geology Germany Generic ?% Schoonbeek, J.B. 19769 Bodemdaling door aardgaswinning in de provincie Groningen 632-640 De Ingenieur 88
Subsidence Netherlands Generic ?&
Schott, W. 1950W Die obere weiße Jura und die tiefste Unterkreide im Deutsch-Holländischen Grenzgebiet 213-270 Geologisches Jahrbuch 65 Geology Netherlands; Germany Jurassic; Cretaceous ?' Schuster, A. 1968* Karbonstratigraphie nach Bohrlochmessungen 439-457 Erdöl-Erdgas Zeitschrift 84 Stratigraphy Germany
Carboniferous ?( Scuermann, H.M.E. 1944a De geologische exploratie van de 8 noordelijke provincien van Nederland in de jaren 1935 tot 1943 449-455M Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap 14 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic?) Seemann, U. 1979 Diagenetically formed interstitial clay minerals as a factor in Rotliegend sandstone reservoir quality in the Dutch sector of the North Sea 55-62 Journal of Petroleum Geology 1 3
Diagenesis NL North Sea
Rotliegend ?* Seemann, U. 1982 Depositional facies, diagenetic clay minerals and reservoir quality of Rotliegend sediments in the southern Permian Basin (North Sea): A review 55-67
Clay Minerals 17
Diagenesis North Sea
Rotliegend ?+ Sesören, A. 1976@ Lineament analysis from ERTS (Landsat) images of the Netherlands 61-67 Geologie en Mijnbouw 55
Geophysics Netherlands Generic ?, De Sitter, L.U. 1949; Eindverslag van het geophysische onderzoek in ZO.-Nederland 372" Mededelingen Geologische Stichting serie C-3
Geophysics Netherlands Generic ?- Smit, J.
Brinkhuis, H. 1996 The Geulhemmerberg Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary section (Maastrichtian type area, SE Netherlands); summary of results and scenario of events 283-293 Geologie en Mijnbouw 75 2 Geology Netherlands Cretaceous; Palaeogene
?. Spain, D.R.
Conrad, C.P. 1997S Quantitative analysis of top-seal capacity offshore Netherlands, southern North Sea 217-226 Geologie en Mijnbouw 76 Petroleum Geology NL North Sea Generic @ D(1997)-3380150401/Spain & Curtis (1997).pdf %?/ Van Staalduinen, C.J.
Van Adrichem Boogaert, H.A.
Bless, M.J.M.
Doppert, J.W.C.
Harsveldt, H.M.
Van Montfrans, H.M.
Oele, E.
Wermuth, R.A.
Zagwijn, W.H. 1979 The geology of the Netherlands 9-49% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 31 Geology Netherlands Generic ?0
Stalder, P.J. 1973q Influence of crystallographic habit and aggregate structure of authigenic clay minerals on sandstone permeability 217-220 Geologie en Mijnbouw 52
Diagenesis Generic Generic ?1
Stewart, C.D. 1990& Horizontal drilling in The Netherlands - Oil and Gas Journal - Petroleum Geology Netherlands Genericb?2 Stheeman, H.A. 1963 Petroleum development in the Netherlands with special reference to the origin, subsurface migration and geological history of the country's oil and gas resources 57-95` Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie 1 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ?3 Stoppel, D. 1982{ Halokinesis as a possible explanation for the paleogeographical differentiation of the Maastricht area during the Dinantian 54-558 Publikaties van het Natuurhistorisch Genootschap Limburg 32 Palaeogeography Netherlands
Carboniferous ?4 ( Streel, M.
Sevastopulo, G.R.
Paproth, E. 1992# The Devonian-Carboniferous boundary 405-708/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 115 Stratigraphy Belgium Devonian; Carboniferous?5 Strohmenger, C.
Strauss, C. 1996 Sedimentology and palynofacies of the Zechstein 2 Carbonate (Upper Permian, Northwest Germany): implications for sequence stratigraphic subdivision 55-77 Sedimentary Geology 102 Carbonate sedimentology Germany Zechstein ?6 Strömbäck, A.C.
Howell, J.A. 2002{ Predicting distribution of remobilized aeolian facies using sub-surface data: the Weissliegend of the UK Southern North Sea 237-249 Petroleum Geoscience 8 3 Clastic sedimentology Aeolian sandstones of the Permian Rotliegend Group comprise the
principal gas reservoirs of the Southern North Sea Basin. The upper portion of the
reservoir interval comprises a unit informally called the ‘Weissliegend’. This unit
comprises mass-flow and in-situ soft-sediment deformed deposits formed when the
Zechstein Sea catastrophically flooded the Rotliegend sand sea. The Weissliegend
typically exhibits poorer reservoir properties than the underlying Rotliegend reservoirs
and its thickness and distribution are notoriously difficult to map.
Hanging vertical sections on a regionally extensive, intra-Rotliegend super-surface
has led to the recognition of a preserved topography at the top of the Rotliegend.
The thickness differences within the unit between the super-surface and the top
Rotliegend (termed here the Upper Aeolian Unit, UAU) represent the original dune
topography modified by flood-related processes, and provide an insight into the
nature and scale of the aeolian bedforms that existed within the basin prior flooding.
The relationship between known Weissliegend distribution and this topography
provides a predictive tool for understanding Weissliegend distribution.
Mapping the preserved topography reveals preserved bedforms up to 85 m high,
with a bedform spacing of 8 to 10 km. The dunes deposited ‘transverse type’ strata
but the scale and spacing of the bedforms are too big compared with modern
transverse dunse. Instead a more complex model is proposed. The Weissliegend has
highly variable thickness (0–26 m) and is commonly thicker within the interdune
hollows.
The model for a preserved topography at the top of the Rotliegend is further
supported by thickness trends in the overlying Zechstein units which increase into
the proposed interdune lows. UK North Sea
Rotliegend H ll (2002)-3041405696/Stromback & Howell (2002).pdf ?7 Stuffken, J. 1958> Een berekeningsmethode voor mijngasafgifte van steenkolenlagen 223-232 Geologie en Mijnbouw 20 Petroleum Geology Generic
Carboniferous "?9 C Sullivan, D.M.
Hazeldine, S.R.
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Fallick, A.E. 1994s Late anhydrite cements mark basin inversion: isotopic and formation water evidence, Rotliegend Sandstone, North Sea 46-54 Marine and Petroleum Geology 11 Geochemistry North Sea
Rotliegend ?: Van der Sijp, J.W.C.M. 1953" Intrusive rocks in the Berkel well 65-66 Geologie en Mijnbouw 15 Magmatism Netherlands
Cretaceous ?;
Taverne, B.G. 2001) The concession Groningen: A lawyer's view 113-119" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 80 1 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic 0
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Subsidence Netherlands
Rotliegend ?= Tesch, P. 1924* De eerste vondst van aardolie in Nederland 183-184 De Mijningenieur 5 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ?> Tesch, P.
Voorthuysen, J.H. 19445 Nog drie intrusies in het Carboon van Oost-Gelderland 56-57 Geologie en Mijnbouw 5 Magmatism Netherlands
Carboniferous?? Thorez, J.
Bless, M.J.M. 1977Z On the possible origin of the Lower Westphalian D Neeroeteren Sandstone (Campine, Belgium) 128-1343 Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie 28 Clastic sedimentology Belgium
Carboniferous ?@ Tomkeieff, S.
Tesch, P. 1931( On a dolerite in the Dutch Carboniferous 231-236 Geological Magazine 68 Magmatism Netherlands
Carboniferous 9?A Van Tongeren, P.C.H. 1996 The Gronau Fault Zone: its tectonic setting and relation to the formation of the Ems Graben and to the Late Carboniferous sedimentation in Twente (the Netherlands) 107-145% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 55 Structural Geology Netherlands
Carboniferous ?B Troost, P.J.P.M. 19818 Schoonebeek Oil field: The RW-2E Steam Injection Project 531-539 Geologie en Mijnbouw 60 Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Cretaceous ?C Udink, H.G. 1968) Reservoir behaviour and field development 35-42` Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie 25 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ?D Ulrich, V.P. 19566 De geophysische opsporing van het olieveld Schoonebeek 21-22 De Ingenieur 68
Geophysics Netherlands
Cretaceous ?E Valk, W. 1943K Sedimentpetrologie van het Perm en de Trias in den ondergrond van Nederland 174 Mededelingen Geologisch Bureau Nederlands Mijngebied 13 Petrology Netherlands Permian; Triassic ?F , Vandenberghe, N.
Poggiagliolmi, E.
Watts, G. 1989L Offset dependent seismic amplitudes from karst limestone in northern Belgium 9-27 First Break 4 5
Geophysics Belgium
Carboniferous H h Д. (1986)-3719640116/Vandenberghe et al. (1986).pdf ?G 5 Vaughan, D.J.
Sweeny, M.
Diedel, G.F.R.
Haranczyk, C. 1989Y The Kupfershiefer: an overview with an appraisal of the different types of mineralisation 1003-1027 Economic Geology 84
Mineralogy Western Europe Zechstein ?H Veld, H.
Fermont, W.J.J. 1990D The effect of a marine transgression on vitrinite reflectance values 151-170% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 45 Organic geochemistry Netherlands
Carboniferous-?I ' Veld, H.
Fermont, W.J.J.
Jegers, L.J.F. 1993 Organic petrological characterization of Westphalian coals from the Netherlands: correlation between Tmax, vitrinite reflectance and hydrogen index 659-675 Organic Geochemistry 20 Organic geochemistry Netherlands
Carboniferous ?J Veldkamp, J. 1951( Geomagnetic anomalies in the Netherlands 218-223 Geologie en Mijnbouw 13
Geophysics Netherlands Generic ?K
Verbeek, J.W. 1979P Preliminary report on the distribution of the Lower Oligocene in the Netherlands 375-376 Geologie en Mijnbouw 58 Geology Netherlands
Palaeogene
?L Geluk, M.C. 2007 Triassic 85-106 Geology of the Netherlands' Wong, Th.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
de Jager, J. Amsterdam( Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences and Arts Geology Netherlands Triassic 0 P312606976/Geluk (2007b).pdf ?M Wong, Th. E. 2007 Jurassic 107-126 Geology of the Netherlands' Wong, Th.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
de Jager, J. Amsterdam( Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences and Arts Geology Netherlands Jurassic (
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t6288/Wong (2007).pdf ?O 4 Verbeek, J.W.
De Leeuw, C.S.
Parker, N.
Wong, Th.E. 2002` Characterisation and correlation of Tertiary seismostratigraphic units in the Roer Valley Graben 159-166" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 81 2 Stratigraphy Netherlands Cenozoic < &l
H02)-3087398053/Verbeek et al. (2002).pdf?P
Verweij, J.M. 1999 Application of fluid flow systems analysis to reconstruct the post Carboniferous hydrogeohistory of the onshore and offshore Netherlands 561-579 Marine and Petroleum Geology 16 Hydrogeology Netherlands Generic
?Q Verweij, H.
Simmelink, H.J. 2002y Geodynamic and hydrodynamic evolution of the Broad Fourteens Basin (The Netherlands) in relation to its petroleum systems 339-359 Marine and Petroleum Geology 19 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Mesozoic H $ 4ink (2002)-0285615361/Verweij & Simmelink (2002).pdf
?R 7 Verweij, J.M.
Simmelink, H.J.
Van Balen, R.T.
David, P. 2003N History of petroleum systems in the southern part of the Broad Fourteens Basin 71-90" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 82 1 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic @ 0(2003)-1661241601/Verweij et al. (2003).pdf
?S # Viejo, G.F.
Laigle, M.
Ranero, C.R. 2002t Pre-Permian sedimentary basins in the North Sea: images from reprocessed and pre-stack depth migrated MONA LISA data 519-526 Marine and Petroleum Geology 19
Geophysics North Sea
Palaeozoic < 0 002)-2387076608/Viejo et al. (2002).pdf ?T
Vinken, R. 1988J The Northwest European Tertiary Basin. Results of the IGCP Project No. 124 508 Geologisches Jahrbuch 100 Geology Western Europe Cenozoic ?U Visscher, H. 1966a Paleobotany of the Mesophytic III Plant fossils from the Upper Bunter of Hengelo, the Netherlands 316-375 Acta Botanica Neerlandica 15
Palaeontology Netherlands Triassic ?V ! Visscher, H.
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Cretaceous D f [ (1996)-4249471488/Den Hartog Jager (1996).pdf |? # Hastings, A.
Murphy, P.
Stewart, L. 1991X A multi-disciplinary approach to reservoir characterization: Helm field, Dutch North Sea 193-202@ Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons 1
Spencer, A.M. BerlinJ Special Publication of the European Association of Petroleum Geoscientists Petroleum Geology NL North Sea
Cretaceous @ 7 9991)-1572703761/Hastings et al. (1991).pdf ?
Schroot, B.M. 19912 Structural development of the Dutch Central Graben 32-35+ The Jurassic in the Southern Central Trough 16 Michelsen, O.
Frandsen, F. -* Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse series B Structural Geology North Sea Jurassic 2? Stheeman, H.A.
Thiadens, A.A. 1969b A history of the exploration for hydrocarbons within the territorial boundaries of the Netherlands 259-2698 The Exploration for Petroleum in Europe and North Africa -
Hepple, P. - The Institute of Petroleum History Netherlands Generic G? & Herngreen, G.F.W.
Smit, R.
Wong, Th.E. 1991M Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Vlieland Basin, The Netherlands 17-19+ The Jurassic in the Southern Central Trough 16 Michelsen, O.
Frandsen, F.* Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse series B Stratigraphy NL North Sea Jurassic; Cretaceous \? & Herngreen, G.F.W.
Smit, R.
Wong, Th.E. 1991A Stratigraphy and tectonics of the Vlieland basin, The Netherlands 175-192@ Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons 1
Spencer, A.M. BerlinJ Special Publication of the European Association of Petroleum Geoscientists Geology NL North Sea Mesozoic @ t
Z1991)-3887994385/Herngreen et al. (1991).pdf ? Baldschuhn, R.
Kockel, F. 19999 Das Osning-Lineament am Sudrand des Niedersachsen Beckens 673-6953 Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 150 4 Structural Geology Germany Generic? + Herngreen, G.F.W.
Kouwe, W.F.P.
Wong, Th.E. 2003 The Jurassic in the Netherlands 217-229% The Jurassic of Denmark and Greenland 1 Ineson,J.R.
Surlyk, F. -3 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin Stratigraphy Netherlands Jurassic ? Herngreen, G.F.W.
Wong, Th.E. 2007
Cretaceous 127-150 Geology of the Netherlands -( Wong, Th.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
De Jager, J. Amsterdam) Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences Geology Netherlands
Cretaceous @
Z yx2007)-1282082816/Herngreen & Wong (2007).pdf? Heybroek, P. 1975B On the structure of the Dutch part of the Central North Sea Graben 339-3517 Petroleum and the continental shelf of northwest Europe Woodland, A.W. London Applied Science Publications Structural Geology NL North Sea Generic 25 0 S
F4829445/Heybroek(1975).pdf (? Hooper, R.J.
Goh, L.S.
Dewey, F. 1995M The inversion history of the northeastern margin of the Broad Fourteens Basin 307-317 Basin Inversion 88 Buchanan, J.G.
Buchanan, P.G. London& Geological Society Special Publication Structural Geology NL North Sea Generic < k 5)-4018563072/Hooper et al. (1995).pdf ? Howell, J.
Mountney, N. 1997 Climatic cyclicity and accommodation space in arid to semi-arid depositional systems: an example from the Rotliegend Group of the UK southern North Sea 63-86= Petroleum Geology of the Southern North Sea: Future Potential 123# Ziegler, K.
Turner, P.
Daines, S.R. London& Geological Society Special Publication Climate UK North Sea
Rotliegend;? Huyghe, P.
Mugnier, J.L. 1995f A comparison of inverted basins of the Southern North Sea and inverted structures of the external Alps 339-353 Basin Inversion 88 Buchanan, J.G.
Buchanan, P.G. London& Geological Society Special Publication Structural Geology Western Europe Generic ? Huyghe, P.
Mugnier, J.L. 1994L Intra-plate stresses and basin inversion: A case from the Southern North Sea 211-226 Peri-Tethyan platforms Roure, F. - Éditions Technip Structural Geology Southern North Sea Generic? Jacqué, M.
Thouvenin, J. 1975; Lower Tertiary tuffs and volcanic activity in the North Sea 455-4657 Petroleum and the continental shelf of northwest Europe 1 Woodland, A.W. London Appl. Sc. Publ. Magmatism North Sea CenozoicF? 7 De Jager, J.
Doyle, M.A.
Grantham, P.J.
Mabillard, J.E. 19961 Hydrocarbon habitat of the West Netherlands Basin 191-210, Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands -/ Rondeel, H.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic @ 1D(1996)-0157881351/De Jager et al. (1996).pdfe? Roos, B.M.
Smits, B.J. 1983K Rotliegend and Main Buntsandstein gas fields in block K/13 - A case history 75-83 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62# Kaaschieter, J.P.H.
Reijers, T.J.A. The HagueY Petroleum Geological Circle of the Royal Geological and Mining Society of the Netherlands Petroleum Geology NL North Sea Rotliegend; Triassic 8 pL)-3313186561/Roos & Smits (1983).pdf? 4 Wong, Th. E.
De Lugt, I. R.
Kuhlmann, G.
Overeem, I. 2007 Tertiary 151-172 Geology of the Netherlands' Wong, Th.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
De Jager, J. Amsterdam( Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences and Arts Geology Netherlands Cenozoic 4 8 3899518720/Wong et al (2007).pdf ? Lokhorst, A.
Wong, Th. E. 2007 Geothermal Energy 341-346 Geology of the Netherlands -' Wong, Th.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
De Jager, J. Amsterdam( Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences and Arts Geothermics Netherlands Generic @
D$ U(2007)-0896672000/Lokhorst & Wong (2007).pdfH? h Van der Meulen, M.J.
Broers, J.W.
Hakstege, A. L.
Pietersen, J.S.
van Heijst, M.W.I.M.
Koopmans, T.P.F. 2007 Surface mineral resources 317-334 Geology of the Netherlands' Wong, Th.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
De Jager, J. Amsterdam( Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences and Arts Geology Netherlands
Quaternary L ? al. (2007)-2011294982/Van der Meulen et al. (2007).pdf ?? 0 Kiersnowski, H.
Paul, J.
Peryt, T.M.
Smith, D.B. 1995N Paleogeography and sedimentary history of the Southern Permian Basin in Europe 119-136 The Permian of Northern Pangea -- Scholle, P.A.
Peryt, T.M.
Ulmer-Scholle, D.S. Berlin Springer-Verlag Palaeogeography Western Europe Permian V? Knaap, W.A.
Coenen, M.J. 1987# Exploration for oil and natural gas 207-242G Seventy-five years of geology and mining in the Netherlands (1912-1987) -- Visser, W.A.
Zonneveld, J.I.S.
van Loon, A.J. The Hague> Royal Geological and Mining Society of The Netherlands (KNGMG) Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ?B F Leveille, G.P.
Knipe, R.
More, C.
Ellis, D.D.
Jones, G.
Allinson, G.J. 1997n Compartmentalization of Rotliegendes gas reservoirs by sealing faults, Jupiter Fields area, southern North Sea 87–104= Petroleum Geology of the Southern North Sea: Future Potential 123& Ziegler, K., Turner, P. & Daines, A.R. London& Geological Society Special Publication Petroleum Geology UK North Sea
Rotliegend m? Kooi, H.
Cloetingh, S.A.P.L. 1989T Intraplate stresses and the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the central North Sea 541-558D Extensional Tectonics and Stratigraphy of the North Atlantic Margins 46 Tankard, A.J.
Balkwill, H.R. -3 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir Structural Geology Central North Sea Cenozoic"?
Kuyl, O.S. 1975B Lithostratigrafie van de Mio-Oligocene afzettingen in Zuid-Limburg 56-63> Toelichting bij de geologische overzichtskaarten van Nederland# Zagwijn, W.H.
Van Staalduinen, C.J. Haarlem Rijks Geologische Dienst Stratigraphy Netherlands Cenozoic ` ? . Latin, D.M.
Dixon, J.E.
Fitton, J.G.
White, N. 1990V Mesozoic magmatic activity in the North Sea Basin: implications for stretching history 207-227> Tectonic events responsible for Britain's oil and gas reserves 55 Hardman, R.F.P.
Brooks, J. London& Geological Society Special Publication Magmatism North Sea Mesozoic? 0 Schroot, B.M.
Klaver, G.T.
Schüttenhelm, R.T.E. 2005f Surface and subsurface expressions of gas seepage to the seabed - examples from the Southern North Sea 499-515 Marine and Petroleum Geology 22 Petroleum Geology Southern North Sea Cenozoic <
h x05)-2710932224/Schroot et al. (2005).pdf ?
Leclerc, B.G. 1995C Technical implications of the Alkmaar peak gas installation project 64-80 Mijnbouwkundige Vereniging - Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ? Leeder, M.R. 1987C Tectonic and palaeogeographic models for Lower Carboniferous Europe 1-20 European Dinantian Environments# Miller, J.
Adams, A.E.
Wright, V.P.
Chichester John Wiley & Sons Geology Western Europe
Carboniferoush ? Lith, J.G.J. 19830 Gas Fields of Bergen concession, The Netherlands 63-74N Petroleum Geology of the Southeastern North Sea and the adjacent onshore areas -# Kaaschieter, J.P.H.
Reijers, T.J.A. -Y Petroleum Geological Circle of the Royal Geological and Mining Society of the Netherlands Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Rotliegend3? Lorenz, V.
Nicholls, I.A. 1976] The Permo-Carboniferous Basin and Range province of Europe. An application of plate tectonics 313-342: The Continental Permian in Central, West, and South Europe - Falke, H. Dordrecht Reidel Structural Geology Europe Carboniferous; Permian ?
Marie, J.P.P. 1975( Rotliegendes Stratigraphy and Diagenesis 205-2117 Petroleum and the continental shelf of northwest Europe Woodland, A.W. London Appl. Sc. Publ. Stratigraphy North Sea
Rotliegend 13 ,
g 193285/Marie (1975).pdf J? Michelsen, O.
Wong, Th.E. 1991` Discussion of Jurassic lithostratigraphy in the Danish, Dutch and Norwegian Central Graben Areas 20-28+ The Jurassic in the Southern Central Trough 16 Michelsen, O.
Frandsen, F. -* Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse series B Stratigraphy Eastern North Sea Jurassic G? Van Montfrans, H.M. 1975W Toelichting bij de ondiepe breukenkaart met diepteligging van de Formatie van Maassluis -> Toelichting bij de geologische overzichtskaarten van Nederland -" Zagwijn W.H.
Van Staalduinen, J.C. Haarlem Rijks Geologische Dienst Structural Geology Netherlands
Quaternary ? Plein, E. 1994 Niederlände 193-206? Regional Petroleum Geology of the World, Part I Europe and Asia - Kulke, H. Berlin-Stuttgart Gebr. Borntraeger Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ? Prins, S. 1980 The Netherlands 36b Atlas of subsurface temperatures in the European Community. Commission of the European communities -
Haenel, R. Hannover Th. Schaefer GmbH Geothermics Netherlands Generic ? Muchez, P.
Viane, W. 1994 Dolomitisation caused by the water circulation near the mixing zone: an example from the Lower Viséan of the Campine Basin (northern Belgium) 155-166) Dolomites: a volume in honour of Dolomieu 20 Purser, B.
Tucker, M.
Zenger, D. -A Special Publication International Association of Sedimentologists
Mineralogy Belgium
Carboniferous ? $ Myres, J.C.
Jones, A.F.
Towart, J.M. 1995L The Markham Field: UK Blocks 49-5a and 49-10b, Netherlands Blocks J3b and J6 303-309 Petroleum Geoscience 1 Petroleum Geology NL North Sea; UK North Sea
Rotliegend ? Pegrum, R.M.
Rees, G.
Naylor, D. 1975
The North Sea 2254 Geology of the North-West European continental shelf 2 - London Graham, Trotman & Dudley Ltd. Geology North Sea Genericj? Purvis, K.
Okkerman, J.A. 1996x Inversion of reservoir quality by early diagenesis: an example from the Triassic Buntsandstein, offshore the Netherlands 179-190, Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands -/ Rondeel, H.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers
Diagenesis NL North Sea Triassic P ? Quirk, D.G. 1997W Sequence stratigraphy of the Westphalian in the northern part of the Southern North Sea 153-168= Petroleum Geology of the Southern North Sea: Future Potential 123# Ziegler, K.
Turner, P.
Daines, S.R. London& Geological Society Special Publication Stratigraphy North Sea
Carboniferous'? Remmelts, G. 19969 Salt tectonics in the southern North Sea, the Netherlands 143-158, Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands -/ Rondeel, H.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers Structural Geology NL North Sea Zechstein ? Remmelts, G.
Duin, E.J.T. 1990< Results of a regional deep seismic survey in The Netherlands 335-343C The Potential of Deep Seismic Profiling for Hydrocarbon Exploration - Pinet, B.
Bois, C. Paris -
Geophysics Netherlands
Palaeozoic9? Remmelts, G. 1995G Fault-related salt tectonics in the southern North Sea, the Netherlands 261-272$ Salt Tectonics: a Global Perspective 65) Jackson, M.P.A.
Roberts, D.G.
Snelson, S. -3 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir Structural Geology NL North Sea ZechsteinZ? Rijkers, R.H.B.
Geluk, M.C. 1996` A tectogenetic mechanism controlling the evolution of the Texel-IJsselmeer High, the Netherlands 265-284, Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands -/ Rondeel, H.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers Structural Geology Netherlands Generic t? Roelofsen, J.W.
De Boer, W.D. 1991V Geology of the Lower Cretaceous Q-1 oil-fields, Broad Fourteens basin, The Netherlands 203-216@ Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons 1
Spencer, A.M. BerlinJ Special Publication of the European Association of Petroleum Geoscientists Petroleum Geology NL North Sea
Cretaceous H
Geological aspects of the Annerveen gas field, the Netherlands 79-72, Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands -/ Rondeel, H.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Rotliegend W? / Veld, H.
Fermont, W.J.J.
Kerp, H.
Visscher, H. 1996I Geothermal history of the Carboniferous in South Limburg, the Netherlands 31-44, Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands -/ Rondeel, H.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers Burial history Netherlands
Carboniferous ?
Gouw, M.J. 2008I Alluvial architecture of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse Delta (the Netherlands) 1487-1516
Sedimentology 55 5 Clastic sedimentology' Ancient fluvial successions often act as hydrocarbon reservoirs. Sub-surface data on the alluvial architecture of fluvial successions are often incomplete and modelling is performed to reconstruct the stratigraphy. However, all alluvial architecture models suffer from the scarcity of field data to test and calibrate them. The purposes of this study were to quantify the alluvial architecture of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta (the Netherlands) and to determine spatio-temporal trends in the architecture. Five north-south orientated cross-sections, perpendicular to the general flow direction, were compiled for the fluvial-dominated part of the delta. These sections were used to calculate the width/thickness ratios of fluvial sandbodies (SBW/SBT) and the proportions of channel-belt deposits (CDP), clastic overbank deposits (ODP) and organic material (OP) in the succession. Furthermore, the connectedness ratio (CR) between channel belts was calculated for each cross-section. Distinct spatial and temporal trends in the alluvial architecture were found. SBW/SBT ratios decrease by a factor of ca 4 in a downstream direction. CDP decreases from ca 0.7 (upstream) to ca 0.3 (downstream). OP increases from less than 0.05 in the upstream part of the delta to more than 0.25 in the downstream delta. ODP is approximately constant (0.4). CR is ca 0.25 upstream, which is approximately two times larger than in the downstream part of the delta. Furthermore, CDP in the downstream Rhine-Meuse delta increases after 3000 cal yr BP. These trends are attributed to variations in available accommodation space, floodplain geometry and channel-belt size. For instance, channel belts tend to narrow in a downstream direction, which reduces SBW/SBT, CDP and CR. Tectonics cause local deviations in the general architectural trends. In addition, the positive correlation between avulsion frequency and the ratio of local to regional aggradation rate probably influenced alluvial architecture in the Rhine-Meuse delta. The Rhine-Meuse data set can be a great resource when developing more sophisticated models for alluvial architecture simulation, which eventually could lead to better characterizations of hydrocarbon reservoirs. To aid such usage of the Rhine-Meuse data set, constraints for relevant parameters are provided at the end of the paper. Netherlands
Quaternary? ! Brueren, J.W.R. 1959V The stratigraphy of the Upper Permian "Zechstein" formation in the Eastern Netherlands 243-274I I giacimenti gassiferi dell' Europa Occidentale. Atti del Convegni Lincei - Milan - Stratigraphy Netherlands Zechstein ? ! 1 Cameron, D.,
van Doorn, D.
Laban, C.
Streif, H.J. 1993' Geology of the southern North Sea basin 14-26@ Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management - New Orleans - Geology Southern North Sea GenericI? 5 Van der Molen, A.S.
Dudok van Heel, H.W.
Wong, Th. E. 2005 The influence of tectonic regime on chalk deposition: examples of the sedimentary development and 3D-seismic stratigraphy of the Chalk Group in the Netherlands offshore area 63-81 Basin Research 17 Structural Geology NL North Sea
Cretaceous H u
ZPl. (2005)-2879613952/Van der Molen et al. (2005).pdf$? Van der Molen, A.S.
Wong, Th. E. 2007 Towards an improved lithostratigraphic subdivision of the Chalk Group in the Netherlands North Sea area; a seismic stratigraphic approach 131-143" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 86 2 Stratigraphy NL North Sea
Cretaceous H
X tng (2007)-2206615205/Van der Molen & Wong (2007).pdf? W Van Wees, J.-D.
Mijnlieff, H.
Lutgert, J.
Breunese, J.
Bos, C.
Rosenkranz, P.
Neele, F. 2008 A Bayesian belief network approach for assessing the impact of exploration prospect interdependency; an application to predict gas discoveries in the Netherlands 1315-13365 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 92 10 Petroleum Geology Prospect interdependencies, if present and positively correlated, result in a higher standard deviation of the portfolio volumetric expectation curve, compared to a portfolio with independent prospects. This wider uncertainty range offers options for companies to increase the expected cumulative net present value (NPV) of the exploration portfolio. To investigate these effects on exploration portfolios, a methodology has been developed for modeling these dependencies spatially and updating them in time as new information is acquired. The methodology integrates Bayesian belief network techniques into a stochastic exploration business process simulator. Applying this methodology to the Netherlands gas portfolio clearly demonstrates an increase in both the range and expected value of NPV of the expected recoverable volume from the exploration portfolio. Proper tuning of the exploration strategy, using an efficient frontier approach, and regular updating of portfolio economic forecasts increase the probability of realizing the upside at minimum risk when compared to independent prospect portfolios. The staged decision strategy and the value of information underlying the gradual increase of expected NPV can also be calculated and visualized through decision tree analysis techniques. Netherlands Generic L ?
Verdier, J.P. 1996U The Rotliegend sedimentation history of the southern North Sea and adjacent countries 45-56, Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands -/ Rondeel, H.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers Clastic sedimentology Southern North Sea
Rotliegend ? Visser, W.A.
Sung, G.C.L. 19580 Oil and natural gas in north-eastern Netherlands 1067-1089 Habitat of oil - Weeks, L.G. Tulsa, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Petroleum Geology Netherlands GenericG? Wassmann, Th.H.
Brouwer, M.S. 1987 The mining of Rock Salt 137-146; Seventy-five years of geology and mining in the Netherlands -- Visser, W.A.
Zonneveld, J.I.S.
van Loon, A.J. The Hague> Royal Geological and Mining Society of The Netherlands (KNGMG) Engineering Geology Netherlands Zechstein ? + Wong, Th.E.
van Doorn, T.H.M.
Schroot, B.M. 1989E Late Jurassic petroleum geology of the Dutch Central North Sea Graben 319-336 Geologische Rundschau 78 Petroleum Geology NL North Sea Jurassic=? , Herngreen, G.F.W.
Lissenberg, T.
Witte, L.J. 1991H Biostratigraphy of Jurassic strata in the Dutch Central North Sea Graben 16+ The Jurassic in the Southern Central Trough 16 Michelsen, O.
Frandsen, F. -* Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse series B Stratigraphy NL North Sea Jurassic ?
Dessens, C.W.M. 1995 Natural gas in the Netherlands 13-18 Mijnbouwkundige Vereniging - Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic A? Yang, C.S.
Baumfalk, Y.A. 1994P Milankovitch Cyclicity in the Upper Rotliegend Group of the Netherlands Offshore 47-61$ Orbital Forcing and Cyclic Sequences 19 De Boer, P.L.
Smith, D.G. -A Special publication International Association of Sedimentologists Climate NL North Sea
Rotliegendt ? Yang, C.S.
Nio, S.D. 1994i Applications of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy to the Upper Rotliegend in the Netherlands offshore 285-316I Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy: recent developments and applications 58 Weimer, P.
Posamentier, H. -3 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir Stratigraphy NL North Sea
Rotliegend?
Yang, C.S.
Kouwe, W.F.P. 1995 Wireline log-cyclicity analysis as a tool for dating and correlating barren strata an example from the upper Rotliegend of the Netherlands 237-2598 Non-biostratigraphical methods of dating and correlation 89 Dunay, R.E.
Hailwood, E.A. London& Geological Society Special Publication Stratigraphy Netherlands
Rotliegend T ? Yang, C.S.
Baumfalk, Y.A. 1997U Application of high-frequency cycle analysis in high-resolution sequence stratigraphy 181-203= Petroleum Geology of the Southern North Sea: Future Potential 123$ Ziegler, K.
Turner, P.
Daines, S.R. London& Geological Society Special Publication Stratigraphy Generic Generic ?
Ziegler, P.A. 1975I North Sea Basin History in the Tectonic Framework of North-Western Europe 131-1497 Petroleum and the continental shelf of northwest Europe Woodland, A.W. London Applied Science Publications Structural Geology North Sea Generic 9 0 @ L0069638/Ziegler (1975).pdf ? Ziegler, P.A.
Louwerens, C.J. 1979 Tectonics of the North Sea 7-22' The Quaternary history of the North Sea, Oele, E.
Schüttenhelm, R.T.E.
Wiggers, A.J. - Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Structural Geology North Sea Generic ? Brennand, T.P. 1975 The Triassic in the North Sea 295-3117 Petroleum and the continental shelf of northwest Europe Woodland, A.W. London Applied Science Publications Geology North Sea Triassic 22 0 @ X73789701/Brennand (1975).pdf ? o ? Bailey, J. B.
Arbin, P.
Daffinoti, O.
Gibson, P.
Ritchie, J. S. 19931 Permo-Carboniferous plays of the Silver Pit Basin 707-715H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference 4 Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Atlantic-Ocean; block-structures; Carboniferous-; deltaic-environment; Europe-; faults-; fluvial-environment; Namurian-; natural-gas; normal-faults; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; Paleozoic-; Permian-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; reservoir-rocks; sedimentation-; Silver-Pit-Basin; source-rocks; southern-North-Sea; systems-; tectonics-; thermal-maturity; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Westphalian-; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Petroleum Geology UK Carboniferous; Permian ? o Moscariello, A. 2005 Exploration potential of the mature southern North Sea basin margins; some unconventional plays based on alluvial and fluvial fan sedimentation models 595-605q Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe and Global Perspective; Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference 6 Dore, A.G.
Vining, B.A. London The Geological Societyq alluvial-fans; Atlantic-Ocean; basin-analysis; basins-; characterization-; continental-margin; continental-margin-sedimentation; depositional-environment; Europe-; geometry-; mineral-composition; models-; natural-gas; Netherlands-; North-Atlantic; North-Sea; offshore-; onshore-; paleochannels-; paleoenvironment-; Paleozoic-; permeability-; Permian-; petrography-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; reservoir-properties; reservoir-rocks; Rotliegendes-; sedimentary-basins; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; stratigraphic-traps; textures-; traps-; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Petroleum Geology Basin margins are characterized by clastic, terrigenous accumulations which occur mostly in two morphologically similar but sedimentologically distinct depositional environments: alluvial and fluvial fans. Their differences in sedimentary processes result in distinct reservoir characters and subsurface modelling challenges. The ability to predict, recognize and discern these deposits in the subsurface is therefore the key for effective exploration and development of hydrocarbons. Sedimentary processes characterizing alluvial fan accumulation determine internal reservoir architecture and, ultimately, distribution of porosity and permeability, which however do not change substantially with the distance from apex to toe. Reservoir characteristics however, change considerably if debris-flow or sheet-flooding processes dominate. This distinction is crucial for prediction of reservoir quality, which in the case of a sheet-flood-dominated alluvial fan, can be several orders of magnitude better (higher lateral connectivity and vertical permeability) than a debris-flow dominated alluvial fan. Sedimentary processes on alluvial fans are controlled primarily by the nature of the bedrock and the colluvial deposits of the drainage basin. It is important therefore to understand the palaeogeography and geology of the original basin margin in order to predict reservoir characteristics of alluvial fan deposits. Fluvial fan depositional environments have river-like characteristics, especially in terms of geomorphic features and sedimentary processes. On average they are much larger in size then alluvial fans and internally more variable. Grain-size, texture and facies are controlled by sedimentary processes, which depend on the distance from source area. Proximal fluvial fan deposits may resemble those of alluvial fan in facies and architecture. However, the lower net:gross, lower lateral connectivity and size of sand bodies in the medial and distal area of fluvial fans, will require different geological concepts and therefore different exploration, appraisal and development approaches than alluvial fan reservoirs. Available data inferred from of the Southern North Sea hydrocarbon province indicate that, repeatedly over the geological history, the continental basin margins were characterized by fluvial depositional systems entering the subsiding sedimentary basins. At present, the industry experience in the Southern North Sea in targeting such reservoirs is very limited. However, successful exploration and production activity, especially in the Permian gas basin in The Netherlands and Britain, indicate that reservoirs genetically associated with fluvial fan development have good and commercially sound reservoir quality. Based on this experience and a large number of modern and ancient analogue studies, alluvial fan and fluvial fan "unconventional" reservoirs may represent a high-potential target for the future exploration, especially considering the occurrence of stratigraphical traps both on the southern and northern margin of the Southern North Sea. Southern North Sea
Palaeozoic? ) Cottençon, A.
Parant, B.
Flacelière, B. 1975& Lower Cretaceous Gas-fields in Holland 403-4127 Petroleum and the continental shelf of northwest Europe Woodland, A.W. London Applied Science Publications Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Cretaceous 30 D 4 70 (1975)-1138201861/Cottencon et al. (1975).pdf w? S Day, G.A.
Cooper, B.A.
Andersen, C.
Burgers, W.F.J.
Rønnevik, H.C.
Schöneich, H. 19810 Regional seismic structure maps of the North Sea 76-84b Petroleum Geology of the continental Shelf of North-West Europe: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference - Illing, L.V.
Hobson, G.D. London Institute of Petroleum Structural Geology North Sea Generic r? & Dixon, J.E.
Fitton, J.G.
Frost, R.T.C. 1981X The tectonic significance for post-Carboniferous igneous activity in the North Sea Basin 65-75b Petroleum Geology of the continental Shelf of North-West Europe: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference - Illing, L.V.
Hobson, G.D. London Institute of Petroleum Structural Geology North Sea Generic W?) & Frost, R.T.C.
Fitch, F.J.
Miller, J.A. 1981E The age and nature of the crystalline basement of the North Sea Basin 43-57b Petroleum Geology of the continental Shelf of North-West Europe: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference - Illing, L.V.
Hobson, G.D. London Institute of Petroleum Geology North Sea
Palaeozoic ?* o = Gaarenstoom, L.
Tromp, R.A.J.
de Jong, M.C.
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Geophysics Generic Generic ?< ! Molloy, F.A.
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Geophysics Generic Generic ?= Perrot, J.
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?Z
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Cretaceous ?` ! Tesch, P. 1928= On the occurrence of igneous rocks in the Dutch Carboniferous 731-732Z Compte Rendu, Premier Congrès pour l'Avancement des Études de Stratigraphie Carbonifère Heerlen - Magmatism Netherlands
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Carboniferous ?c !
Walter, F. 19953 The status of geothermal energy in the Netherlands. 279-281, Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress - - Florence - Geothermics Netherlands Generict ?d ! ( Van Waterschoot van der Gracht, W.A.J.M. 1938w A structural outline of the Variscan front and its foreland from south-central England to eastern Westphalia and Hessen 1485-1565` Comptes Rendus Deuxième Congrès pour l'Avancement des Études de Stratigraphie Carbonifère - - Heerlen - Structural Geology Western Europe
Carboniferous ?e ! Van Wijhe, D.H. 1981@ The Zechstein 2 Carbonate exploration in the Eastern Netherlands 574-586D Proceedings of the International Symposium Central European Permian - - Warszawa - Petroleum Geology Netherlands Zechstein ?f De Wijn, B. 2004L Salt expectations: where one should hope for the best and fear for the worst 38-64& Squeezing salts - an expensive problem Breunese, J.M.
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Evaporites Netherlands Zechstein\ ?h
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Ziegler, P.A. 19814 Evolution of sedimentary basins in North-West Europe 3-39b Petroleum Geology of the continental Shelf of North-West Europe: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference - Illing, L.V.
Hobson, G.D. London Institute of Petroleum Geology Western Europe Generic ?k
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Palaeozoic ?m Van der Berg, M.W. 1996h Fluvial sequences of the Maas: a 10 Ma record of neotectonics and climatic change at various time-scales 181
Wageningen Wageningen University Geology Netherlands Cenozoic $ ?n Borkhataria, R. 2004 Integrated exploration and production-scale reservoir prediction in 'grainy' and 'muddy' epeiric carbonate ramp deposits: the Muschelkalk (Triassic), The Netherlands 163 Tübingen University Tübingen Petroleum Geology Netherlands Triassic ?o Brouwer, G.C.
Coenen, M.J. 1968 Nederland is Aardgasland 301 -
Amersfoort Roelofs van Goor Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ?p 6 Van der Burgh, J.
van Rooyen, P.
van Amerom, H. W. J. 1987; Bruinkool, 20 milioen jaar geschiedenis van een energiebron 46
RGD report Haarlem Rijks Geologische Dienst History Netherlands Cenozoic ?q
Dirven, J. 1995< The Mesozoic of the Achterhoek area, the eastern Netherlands 76 Utrecht Utrecht University Geology Netherlands Mesozoic ?r Fokker, P.A. 1995& The behaviour of salt and salt caverns 143 Delft Technical University Engineering Geology Generic Zechstein ?s
GAPS 1994, Coalbed methane potential of the Netherlands 60 Warmond GAPS Nederland B.V. Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ?t
Glennie, K.W. 1998 Early Permian - Rotliegend 25-626 Introduction to the Petroleum Geology of the North Sea
Glennie, K.W. Oxford Blackwell Scientific Publishing Geology North Sea
Rotliegend ?u
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Glennie, K.W. 1998F Petroleum Geology of the North Sea, Basic concepts and recent advances 636 - Oxford Blackwell Petroleum Geology North Sea Generic ?w
Haenel, R. 1979: Atlas of subsurface temperatures in the European Community Hannover Schäfer Drückerei Geothermics Europe Generic ?x Haenel, R.
Staroste, E. 1988P Atlas of Geothermal Resources in the European Community, Austria and Switserland Publ. Nr. Eur 11026 Luxemburg Geothermics Europe Generic ?y
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Cretaceous -
?z Kuhlmann, G. 2004h High resolution stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental changes in the southern North Sea during the Neogene 205 PhD Utrecht Utrecht University Geology
08-09-2004 Southern North Sea Neogene 4 o 4-1041262849/Kuhlmann (2004).pdf ?{ Lee, M.J. 1984c Diagenesis of the Permian Rotliegendes Sandstone, North Sea: K-Ar, O18-O16, and petrologic evidence 362 Cleveland, Ohio Case Western Reserve University
Diagenesis North Sea
Rotliegend ?|
! Ministerie van Economische Zaken, 19943 Olie en gas in Nederland 1993; opsporing en winning 99 - - Den Haag - Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ?} @ Van Montfrans, H.M.
de Graaff, L.W.S.
Mourik, J.M.
Zagwijn, W.H. 1988: Geologie van Nederland, Deel 2, Delfstoffen en Samenleving 83 Den Haag SDU Uitgeverij Natural resources Netherlands Generic ?~ F De Mulder, E.F.J.
Geluk, M.C.
Ritsema, I.
Westerhoff, W.E.
Wong, Th.E. 2003 De ondergrond van Nederland 379 - Utrecht TNO-NITG Geology Netherlands Generic ?
Nalpas, T. 1996c Inversion des Grabens du sud de la Mer du Nord. Données de sub-surface et modélisation analogique 248 Rennes University of Rennes Structural Geology Southern North Sea Cretaceous; Palaeogene ? Nederlandse Gasunie, N.V. 1980 Basisgegevens aardgassen 185 - - - Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic'? m Novem 2001Z Potential for CO2 sequestration and enhanced Coalbed Methane production in the Netherlands 105 - - - Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ? Pannekoek, A.J. 1956 Geological history of the Netherlands - Explanation to the general geological map of the Netherlands on the scale of 1 : 200 000 154 - Den Haag% Staatsdrukkerij- en Uitgeverijbedrijf Geology Netherlands Generic ? Rebelle, M. 1986t Sédimentologie, géochemie et palynologie de bassin évaporitique du Zechstein à partir de données de sub-surface 261 8 Paris# Laboratoire de Géologie du Muséum
Evaporites North Sea Zechstein ? Staatstoezicht op de Mijnen 1962@ Verslag van de Inspecteur-Generaal der Mijnen over het jaar 1960 175 - Den Haag$ Staatsdrukkerij- en Uitgeversbedrijf History Netherlands Generic ф? Staatstoezicht op de Mijnen 1968@ Verslag van de Inspecteur-Generaal der Mijnen over het jaar 1967 - - Den Haag$ Staatsdrukkerij- en Uitgeversbedrijf History Netherlands Generic ? Staatstoezicht op de Mijnen 19906 Jaarverslag van de Inspecteur-Generaal der Mijnen 1989 192 - Rijswijk - History Netherlands Generic ? Staring, W.C.H. 1869p Geologische kaart van Nederland. 27 bladen, schaal 1:200 000. Uitgevoerd door het Topografisch Bureau van Oorlog Haarlem.
A.C. Kruseman Geology Netherlands Generic ? Staring, W.C.H. 1860 De bodem van Nederland. De zamenstelling en het ontstaan van de gronden van Nederland ten behoeve van het algemeen beschreven. Deel II 480 2 2 Haarlem
A.C. Kruseman Geology Netherlands Cenozoic ? Tesch, P. 1924h Verslag over de onderzoekingen der Rijksopsporingsdienst van Delfstoffen gedurende het tijdvak 1920-1923 29 Den Haag Algemeene Landsdrukkerij History Netherlands Generic ̈́?
Veldkamp, J. 19518 The geomagnetic field of the Netherlands reduced to 1945 30 - 134 De Bilt. Koninklijk Nederlands Metereologisch Instituut
Geophysics Netherlands Generic ? ( Van Waterschoot van der Gracht, W.A.J.M. 1913F Jaarverslag van de Dienst der Rijksopsporing van Delfstoffen over 1912 179 - Amsterdam - History Netherlands Generic ?
Ziegler, P.A. 1982. Geological Atlas of Western and Central Europe 130 -X Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij B.V.; Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company Geology Western Europe Generic ? Zijlstra, J.J.P. 1995; The sedimentology of chalk. Lecture notes in earth sciences 194 54 Berlin Springer-Verlag Carbonate sedimentology Western Europe
Cretaceous ? 0 De Jong, M.G.G.
Nio, S.D.
Smith, D.G.
Bohm, A.R. 2007} Subsurface correlation in the Upper Carboniferous (Westphalian) of the Anglo-Dutch Basin using climate stratigraphic approach 49-59 First Break 25 Stratigraphy Southern North Sea
Carboniferous < 1D 07)-2798827521/De Jong et al. (2007).pdfG
? 4 Stephenson, M.H.
Millward, D.
Leng, M. J.
Vane, C.H. 2008{ Palaeoecological and possible evolutionary effects of early Namurian (Serpukhovian, Carboniferous) glacioeustatic cyclicity 993-1005! Journal of the Geological Society 165
Palaeontology# Early Namurian (Serpukhovian, Carboniferous), sedimentary cycles in the Throckley and Rowlands
Gill boreholes, near Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, consist of fossiliferous limestones overlain by (usually
unfossiliferous) black mudstone, followed by sandstones and often by thin coal seams. Sedimentological and
regional geological evidence suggests that the largest are high-amplitude cycles, probably of glacioeustatic
origin. 13C (bulk organic matter) delineates marine and non-marine conditions because of the large difference
between terrestrial and marine 13C, and indicates that full marine salinity was only intermittent and resulted
from glacioeustatic marine transgression superimposed on a background of inundation by freshwater from
large rivers, which killed off the marine biota. Palynology suggests that plant groups, including ferns and
putative pteridosperms, were affected by changing sea level, and that there is a theoretical possibility of
connection between cyclicity and the first appearance of walchiacean conifer-like monosaccate pollen such as
Potonieisporites. Long-term terrestrial and marine increasing 13C (organic) may reflect the onset of major
glaciation in Gondwana, as there is evidence to suggest that the two are coeval, but no specific mechanism
can be suggested to link the trends UK
Carboniferous H { L l. (2008a)-2657666576/Stephenson et al. (2008a).pdf ? Schwarzer, D.
Littke, R. 2007 Petroleum generation and migration in the ‘Tight Gas’ area of the German Rotliegend natural gas play: a basin modelling study 37-62 Petroleum Geoscience 13 Petroleum Geology The Northwest German Basin is an important hydrocarbon province with considerable reserves of natural gas accumulated at its centre. To unravel the
thermal and maturation history of the Carboniferous source rocks, particularly gas generation and migration, a combined petrological–geochemical and numerical basin modelling study was performed. Generally two main phases of maturation can be assigned to the Triassic–Late Jurassic and latest Cretaceous–Present intervals. Maturity data reflect the latter event and are consistent with a variable heat flow of 60–63 mW m2 during Cretaceous–Tertiary burial which accounts for considerable late gas generation. Vitrinite reflectance data and maturity modelling show the Top pre-Permian strata in the northern part of the basin to be in the gas window at present, with a rather uniform maturity of VRr = 1.5% to 2.0% (at 4600–5100 m). However, the important top coal marker is at different depth levels and reveals a more complex coalification pattern, suggesting a strong structural control on maturation of source rocks. This effect is influenced locally by the high thermal conductivity of large salt bodies in the overburden. A significant delay in gas generation from source rocks at elevated horst blocks can be observed. The generation and migration of pre-Westphalian gas started during Late Carboniferous times, when much of the gas was lost from the basin due to ineffective seals. With ongoing burial, gas migration from Westphalian source rocks started in Early Triassic times within Permian graben areas, but was actually delayed until the Late Cretaceous at highly elevated horst blocks. The gas from early migration phases was replaced almost entirely by successively younger Westphalian gas. Germany
Rotliegend D x (2007)-0779037200/Schwarzer & Littke (2007).pdfW? McCann, T.
Skompski, S.
Poty, E.
Dusar, M.
Vozavora, A.
Schneider J.
Wetzel, A.
Krainer, K.
Kornpihl, K.
Schaefer, A.
Krings, M.
Oplustil, S. 2008
Carboniferous 411-530 The Geology of Central Europe 1: Precambrian and Paleozoic
McCann, T. London The Geological Society Geology Western Europe
Carboniferous ? o Timbrell, G. 1993d Sandstone architecture of the Balder Formation depositional system, UK Quadrant 9 and adjacent areas 107-121H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference 4 Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology UK North Sea
Palaeogene 4
d 03504559882/Timbrell (1993).pdf ?
" Gientka, M.
Malon, A.
Tyminski, M. 20071 Bilans zasobow kopalin i wod podziemnych w Polsce - - - Warsaw - Petroleum Geology Poland Generic
? o B Roberts, A.M.
Yielding, G.
Kusznir, N.J.
Walker, I.
Dorn-Lopez, D. 1993u Mesozoic extension in the North Sea: constraints from flexural backstripping, forward modelling and fault populations 1123-1136H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference 4 Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Structural Geology North Sea Mesozoic @
<(1993)-0111331078/Roberts et al. (1993).pdf
0? Megson, J
Hardman, R. 2001i Exploration for and development of hydrocarbons in the Chalk of the North Sea: a low permeability system 3-12 Petroleum Geoscience 7 1 Petroleum GeologyD It is evident that all or most North Sea Chalk fields have dipping oil–water contacts and that some also have dipping free water levels. Furthermore, there are Chalk fields, such as South Arne (Denmark) and Joanne (UK) with steeply dipping oil–water contacts and a large element of non-structural trapping, while other discoveries, such as the recent Halfdan discovery northwest of the Danish Dan Field, have no element of structural trapping and appear to lie on a Tertiary migration pathway. It is also evident that the presence of North Sea Chalk oil, both as fields and shows, is localized and, generally, confined to areas of early source maturation – although there are exceptions, such as the UK Fife and Flora Chalk oil accumulations, which are distant from a source basin.
We believe that these attributes reflect the same cause, that is the very low lateral and vertical permeability (typically 0.1 to 1 mD air permeability) of the Chalk system. Our hypothesis is that oil enters the Chalk from the Jurassic at a limited number of entry points within the early mature basin and, only if the oil reaches Chalk of relatively high permeabilities, normally the Tor Formation, does the oil migrate significant distances laterally. This oil migration occurs at geological timescales, i.e. kilometres over millions of years and we, therefore, have to consider the configuration of the Chalk – with respect to migration routes and traps – at the time the oil was injected into the Chalk and began to migrate through it, which was normally prior to the North Sea Miocene inversion and later tilting. There is considerable evidence for trapping in Chalk palaeostructural traps; oil migrated into a palaeohigh, segregated vertically and is trapped by the low oil relative permeabilities within the transition zone when the trap later tilts. Another trapping mechanism is the migration trap, as described for the Halfdan discovery in Denmark, where, in an area mature for Chalk exploration, oil has been discovered in continuity with the Dan Field but with a free water level 700 ft lower. This type of trap may contain significant reserves of oil in chalks of 1 mD permeability and, in recent years, it has become possible to exploit chalks of this nature commercially. It is also possible to develop these chalks when no effective natural fracture system exists. North Sea
Cretaceous @
$2001)-2114843136/Megson & Hardman (2001).pdfn? Abramovitz, T.
Thybo, H. 1998q Seismic structure across the Caledonian Deformation Front along MONA LISA profile 1 in the southeastern North Sea 153-176 Tectonophysics 288 1-4{ MONA LISA, seismic data. Caledonian collision, Baltica, Avolonia. crustal structure, lithospheric velocity structure, Moho.
Geophysics D North Sea
Palaeozoic D h . (1998)-0138036501/Abramovitz et al. (1998).pdf? Abramovitz, T.
Thybo, H. 2000| Seismic images of Caledonian, lithosphere-scale collision structures in the southeastern North Sea along MONA LISA profile 2 27-54 Tectonophysics 317 1-2 Baltica, Caledonian orogeny, deep seismic refraction data, Eastern Avolonia, MONA LISA profile 2, North Sea, shear zone, upper mantle
Geophysics Southern North Sea
Palaeozoic D
(2000)-0825164800/Abramovitz & Thybo (2000).pdf&? Andre, L. 1991 The concealed crystalline basement in Belgium and the 'Brabantia' microplate concept: constraints from the Caledonian magmatic and sedimentary rocks 117-139/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique T. 114 Structural Geology Belgium
Palaeozoic ? Bekendam, R.F. 1996M Subsidence over solution cavities in salt in the Twenthe-Rijn Concession Area 138 Rotterdam Delft Technical University
Subsidence Netherlands Generic'? ' Bekendam, R.F.
Oldenziel, C.
Paar, W.A. 2000p Prediction of time-dependent subsidence, tilt and horizontal strain over upwards migrated salt solution cavities 221-227 8th World Salt Symposium 1 Geertman, R.M. Amsterdam Elsevier
Subsidence Netherlands Generic ? Bishoff, F.
Wolburg, J. 1963' Zur Entwicklung des Obermalm im Emsland 445-472 Erdöl-Erdgas Zeitschrift 79 Petroleum Geology Germany Jurassic ?
Blanche, J.B. 1973a The Rotliegendes Sandstone Formation of the United Kingdom sector of the Southern North Sea Basin 85-89 Mining and Metallurgy - Clastic sedimentology UK North Sea
Rotliegend ? Bless, M. J. M.
Bouckaert, J. 1988d Suggestions for a deep seismic investigation North of the Variscan mobile belt in the SE Netherlands 229-241/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 111
Geophysics Netherlands
Palaeozoic ? b Boigk, H.
Grahle, H.G.
Hoffmann, K.
Hollstein, W.
Kuehne, F.
Richter, W.
Schneeloth, H.
Wagner, R. 1960 Zur Geologie des Emslandes 419 Geologisches Jahrbuch 37 Geology Germany Generic ? Bredewout, J.W.
Goulty, N.R. 1986 Some shallow seismic reflections 15-23 First Break 4 12
Geophysics Generic Cenozoic D Wp
p (1986)-3903113012/Bredewout & Goulty (1986).pdf
? l 2 Buurman, P.
Jongmans, A.G.
Kasse, C.
van Lagen, B. 1999 Discussion: Oil seepage or fossil podzol? An Early Oligocene oil seepage at the southern rim of the North Sea Basin, near Leuven (Belgium) by E.D. van Riessen and N. Vandenberghe, Geologie en Mijnbouw 74: 301-312 (1996) 93-98 Geologie en Mijnbouw 77 1 Petroleum Geology Belgium
Palaeogene @
c _((1999)-3536587649/Buurman et al. (1999).pdf ? Buyze, D. 1985! Oplosmijnbouw van magnesiumzouten 54-59 De Ingenieur 97 6 Engineering Geology Generic Generic ? Crittenden, S. 1987o Aptian lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy (Foraminifera) of Block 49 in the southern North Sea (U.K. sector) 11-20 Journal of Micropalaeontology 6 Stratigraphy UK North Sea
Cretaceous ? Demoulin, A. 1987M The distribution of Cretaceous deposits on the Haute Fagnes plateau (Belgium) 147-150 Geologie en Mijnbouw 66 2 Stratigraphy Belgium
Cretaceous ? Demyttenaere, R. 1989> The Post-Paleozoic geological history of north-eastern Belgium 49-81. Proceedings of the Academy of Science, Belgium 51 4 Geology Belgium Mesozoic; Cenozoic ? ' Eggink, J.W.
Riegstra, D.E.
Suzanne, P. 1996S Using 3D seismic to understand the structural evolution of the UK Central North Sea 83-96 Petroleum Geoscience 2 Structural Geology UK North Sea Generic ? % Eigenfeld, R.W.F.
Eigenfeld-Mende, I. 1986l Niederländische permokarbone basische Magmatite als Fortsetzung der spilisierten Effusiva in NW-Deutschland 11-21% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 40 Magmatism Netherlands; Germany Carboniferous; Permian ?
3 Van Eijs, R.M.H.E.
Breunese, J.N.
Pöttgens, J.J.E. 1999N Bodemdaling door zoutwinning in de concessie Barradeel; Waarneming en prognose - NITG-TNO report - - Utrecht NITG-TNO
Subsidence 98-213-A Netherlands Generic ? Faber, F.J. 19609 Geologie van Nederland, part IV. Aanvullende hoofdstukken 607 - Gorinchem Noordduyn & Zn Geology Netherlands Generic ? o
Bain, J.S. 1993I Historical overview of exploration of Tertiairy plays in the UK North Sea 5-13H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference 4 Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology UK North Sea Cenozoic ( 8 2640/Bain (1993).pdf
? Kozur, H. W.
Bachmann, G.H. 2008] Updated correlation of the Germanic Triassic with the Tethyan scale and assigned numeric ages 53-58' Berichte der Geologischen Bundesanstalt 76 Stratigraphy Germany Triassic D ` d\n (2008)-4032323584/Kozur & Bachmann (2008).pdf ? Lervik, K.S. 2006: Triassic lithostratigraphy of the Northern North Sea Basin 93-116 Norwegian Journal of Geology 86 Stratigraphy Northern North Sea Triassic 0 f 50546176/Lervik (2006).pdf Z? [ Petersen, H.I.
Nielsen, L.H.
Bojesen-Koefoed, J.A.
Mathiesen, A.
Kristensen, L.
Dalhoff, F. 2008 Evaluation of the quality, thermal maturity and distribution of potential source rocks in the Danish part of the Norwegian–Danish Basin 273 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 16 Geology Denmark Generic @ jP U|(2008)-3395163648/Petersen et al. (2008).pdf ? Worum, G.
Michon, L. 2005 Implications of continuous structural inversion in the West Netherlands Basin for understanding controls on Palaeogene deformation in NW Europe 73-85! Journal of the Geological Society 162 Structural Geology Western Europe
Palaeogene @ 005)-2919356929/Worum & Michon. (2005).pdf ?Z Ribbert, K.-H. 1998D Devonische Schichtenfolgen im Untergrund der Niederrheinischen Bucht 9-478 Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen 37 Geology Germany Devonian
? o % Knipe, R.J.
Cowan, G.
Balendran, V.S. 1993X The tectonic history of the East Irish Sea Basin with reference to the Morecambe Fields 857-866H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Ireland Generic < ] 993)-0897236230/Knipe et al. (1993).pdf ^? : Krooss, B.
Plessen, B.
Machel, H.G.
Lueders, V.
Littke, R. 20080 Origin and distribution of non-hydrocarbon gases 433-458N Dynamics of Complex Intracontinental Basins: The Central European Basin System -. Littke, R.
Bayer, U.
Gajewski, D.
Nelskamp, S. Berlin Springer Verlag Petroleum Geology Western Europe Generic q?, Burgess, P.M.
Gayer, R.A. 2000 Late Carboniferous tectonic subsidence in South Wales; implications for Variscan basin evolution and tectonic history in SW Britain 93-104" Journal of the Geological Society 157 Part 1 Carboniferous-; Coal-Measures; correlation-; crust-; deformation-; direct-problem; Europe-; flexure-; Great-Britain; Hercynian-Orogeny; lithofacies-; loading-; models-; Namurian-; orogeny-; Paleozoic-; prediction-; reconstruction-; South-Wales; stratigraphy-; subsidence-; synsedimentary-processes; tectonics-; thickness-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Wales-; Western-Europe; Structural-geology; Stratigraphy Structural Geology Detailed stratigraphic data have been used to backstrip seven sections from the Carboniferous South Wales coal basin. Resulting tectonic subsidence curves for the interval 319-305 Ma (Namurian-Westphalian D) are convex-up, indicating increasing subsidence rate with time, with rates between 130 and 250 m Ma (super -1) , suggesting a foreland basin setting. Forward modelling of subsidence due to flexural loading in front of a propagating orogenic wedge shows that an orogenic load migrating in a north-northeasterly direction across SW England between 319 and 305 Ma could have generated the backstripped subsidence patterns. Sensitivity tests show that while many of the forward model parameters are poorly constrained, and the model results non-unique, backstripped subsidence patterns allow reasonable constraint on the different model cases, so that model predictions can be treated as one possibility in a limited range. The predicted load evolution is consistent with current knowledge of tectonic and stratigraphic features of SW England. These results suggest that subsidence in other Late Carboniferous UK basins may also have been influenced by flexure due to a propagating orogenic load. UK
Carboniferous? & Heeremans, M.
Faleide, J.
Larsen, B.T. 2004N Late Carboniferous-Permian of NW Europe: an introduction to a new regional map 75-883 Permo-Carboniferous Magmatism and Rifting in Europe 223Q Wilson, M.
Neumann, E.-R.
Davies, G.R.
Timmerman, M.J.
Heeremans, M.
Larsen, B.T. London& Geological Society Special Publication Magmatism Western Europe Carboniferous; Permian
(2004)-1044274177/Heeremans et al. (2004).pdf
internal-pdf://Heeremans et al. (2004, map)-0842954753/Heeremans et al. (2004, map).pdf ? Blom, F.
Bacon, M. 2009q Application of direct hydrocarbon indicators for exploration in a Permian-Triassic play, offshore the Netherlands 37-44 First Break 27 3 Petroleum Geology Netherlands Permian; Triassic 8 D 4l)-2479704577/Blom & Bacon (2009).pdf ? Glennie, K. 2007= Some geological advances resulting from North Sea exploration 87-97 First Break 25 Petroleum Geology North Sea Generic 0 T ˈ34866177/Glennie (2007).pdf
? " Luchford, J.
Gras, R.
Fakorede. D. 2002u Reducing exploration and production risk by visualization and seismic classification: a case study from the North Sea 677-685 First Break 20
Geophysics North Sea Generic @ ih(2002)-1490745345/Luchford et al. (2002).pdf ? Jones, G.
Knipe, R.J. 1996o Seismic attribute maps; application to structural interpretation and fault seal analysis in the North Sea Basin 449-461 First Break 14
Geophysics North Sea Generic < / 6)-2011167745/Jones & Knipe (1996).pdf
? % Spencer, A.M.
Leckie, G.G.
Chew, K.J. 1996/ North Sea hydrocarbon plays and their resources 345-357 First Break 14 Petroleum Geology North Sea Generic @ w `(1996)-3788274694/Spencer et al. (1996).pdf
?
Trappe, H. 19890 Deep seismic profiling in the North German Basin 173-184 First Break 7
Geophysics Germany Generic 0 8 437766145/Trappe (1989).pdf ? Zhou, S.
Thybo, H. 1997o Seismic attribute maps; application to structural interpretation and fault seal analysis in the North Sea Basin 387-395 First Break 15 Geology North Sea
Palaeozoic 8 \
nX)-2515242241/Zhou & Thybo (1997).pdf ?
Ford, T.D. 1972A Evidence of early stages in the evolution of the Derbyshire karst 73-77+ Transactions Cave Research Group of Britain 14 2 Carbonate sedimentology UK
Carboniferous ? & Smith, K.
Smith, N.J.P.
Holliday, D.W. 1985 The deep structure of Derbyshire 215-225 Geological Journal 20 Structural Geology UK
Carboniferous ? Broadhurst, F.M.
Simpson, I.M. 1973" Bathymetry on a Carboniferous reef 367-381 Lethaia 6 Carbonate sedimentology UK
Carboniferous ? Paproth, E. 1978e Nicht-marine Muscheln als Spiegel der Fazies-Entwicklung im paralischen Kohlengebiet Nordwest-Europas 91-100( Sonderveröff. Geolog. Inst. Univ. Köln 33
Palaeontology Western Europe
Carboniferous 7? & Pagnier, H. J. M.
Van Tongeren, P.C.H. 1996 Upper Carboniferous of borehole 'De Lutte-6' and evaluation of the Tubbergen Formation in the eastern and southeastern parts of the Netherlands 3-30% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 55 Clastic sedimentology Netherlands
Carboniferous ?
Dusar, M. 1990d Interpretatie der boorgatmetingen in de boringen Halen (KB 131) en Geverik-1 (NL Limburg, Gem. Beek) 5 - - Brussel Belgische Geologische Dienst Geology - Netherlands; Belgium
Carboniferous ? Donato, J.A. 1993N A buried batholith and the origin of the Sole Pit Basin, UK Southern North Sea 255-258! Journal of the Geological Society 150 Magmatism UK Generic , 030401/Donato (1993).pdf
? Blair, D.G. 19751 Structural styles in North Sea oil and gas fields 327-3357 Petroleum and the continental shelf of northwest Europe Woodland, A.W. London Applied Science Publications Structural Geology North Sea Generic 24 , ͘1090048/Blair (1975).pdf ?
Mottequin, B. 2004p Paléoécologie et interprétation sédimentologique du «Marbre Noir» de Denée (Viséen Inférieur, Belgique) 3-19 Geologica Belgica 7
Palaeontology Belgium
Carboniferous 4 T -1109543424/Mottequin (2004).pdfj? George, G.T.
Berry, J.K. 1993r A new Lithostratigraphy and depositional model for the Upper Rotliegend of the UK Sector of the Southern North Sea 295-3232 Characterisation of Fluvial and Aeolian Reservoirs 73 North, C.P.
Prosser, D.J. London& Geological Society Special Publication Clastic sedimentology UK North Sea
Rotliegend 0 ? * Glennie, K.W.
Mudd, G.W.
Nagtegaal, P.J.C. 1978 Depositional environment and diagenesis of Permian Rotliegendes sandstones in Leman Bank and Sole Pit areas of the UK southern North Sea 25-34! Journal of the Geological Society 135 Clastic sedimentology UK North Sea
RotliegendF? Glennie, K.W.
Provan, D.M.J. 1990I Lower Permian Rotliegend reservoir of the Southern North Sea gas province 399-416 Classic Petroleum Provinces 50
Brooks, J. London& Geological Society Special Publication Petroleum Geology Southern North Sea
Rotliegend" DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.050.01.25 ?
Hancock, F.R.P.
Mithern, D.P 19877 The geology of the Humbly Grove Oilfield, Hampshire, UK 161-170% Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe Brooks, J.V.R.
Glennie, K.W. London Graham and Trotman Petroleum Geology UK Generic? * Harrisson, R.K.
Jeans, C.V.
Merriman, R.J. 1997n Mesozoic igneous rocks, hydrothermal mineralisation and volcanogenic sediments in Britain and adjacent regions 57-692 Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain 70 Magmatism UK Mesozoic ? Harsveldt, H.M. 19737 The discovery of uranium at Haamstede (The Netherlands) 63-72` Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Geologische Serie 29 Natural resources Netherlands Cenozoic
? H Van Herreweghe, S.
Deckers, S.
DeConinck, F.
Merckx, R.
Gullentops, F. 2003D The paleosol in the Kerkom Sands near Pellenberg (Belgium) revisited 149-159" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 82 2 Clastic sedimentology Belgium
Palaeogene L }< t al. (2003)-3129511077/Van Herreweghe et al. (2003).pdf ? Heybroek, P. 1974/ Explanation to tectonic maps of The Netherlands 43-50 Geologie en Mijnbouw 53 2 Structural Geology Netherlands Generic 0 H
40164614/Heybroek (1974).pdfI? . Hoth, P.
Mingram, B.
Lüders, V.
Müller, E.P. 2002 Neue Indikationen für die Genese und Migration stickstoffreicher Erdgase in Norddeutschland - Analyse von Fluideinschüssen und N-Isotopenvariationen des Permokarbons 566-571 Erdöl Erdgas Kohle 12 Petroleum Geology Germany Carboniferous; Permian ? Petersen, H.I.
Nytoft, H.P. 2007< Are Carboniferous coals from the Danish North Sea oil-prone? 13-163 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 13 Petroleum Geology Denmark
Carboniferous D * (2007)-1160915713/Petersen & Nytoft (2007).pdf ? Kasig, W. 1980F Dinantian carbonates in the Aachen region, Federal Republic of Germany 44-52% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 32-6 Carbonate sedimentology Germany
Carboniferous ? C Van Keer, I.
Ondrak, R.
Muchez, P.
Bayer, U.
Dusar, M.
Viaene, W. 1998i Burial history and thermal evolution of Westphalian coal-bearing strata in the Campine Basin (NE Belgium) 301-310 Geologie en Mijnbouw 76 4 Burial history Belgium
Carboniferous 8 0|)-3968751489/Keer et al. (1998).pdf ? Kelch, H.J.
Paulus, B. 1980a Das Projekt Velpke-Asse-Devon im Rahmen der Suche nach einem präoberkarbonischen Erdgasstockwerk 9-13 Geologisches Jahrbuch 57 Petroleum Geology Germany Devonian ? + Krooss, B.M.
Leythaeuser, D.
Schaefer, R.G. 1992m The quantification of diffusive hydrocarbon losses through caprock of natural gas reservoirs - a reevaluation 405-4065 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 76 Petroleum Geology Generic Generic
? ! Kruijs, E.
Donzé, A. 1993< Revival of the Northeast Netherlands onshore Rotliegend play 1638-1639E International Conference American Association of Petroleum Geologists 77 The Hague
AAPG Bull. Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Rotliegend ? Leeder, M.R. 1982l Upper Paleozoic basins of the British Isles - Caledonide inheritance versus Hercynian plate-margin processes 479-491! Journal of the Geological Society 139 Geology UK
Palaeozoic ? Legrand, R. 1968 Le Massif du Brabant 3-145T Mémoires Toelichtende Verhandelingen voor de Geologische en Mijnkaarten van België 9 Geology Belgium
Palaeozoic ? Meyer, K. 19697 Zur Paleogeographie der Stufen Rhät bis Alb im Emsland 484-505 Erdöl-Erdgas Zeitschrift 85 Palaeogeography Germany Jurassic; Cretaceous ? Michelsen, O.
Clausen, O.R. 2002f Detailed stratigraphic subdivision and regional correlation of the southern Danish Triassic succession 563-587 Marine and Petroleum Geology 19 Stratigraphy Denmark Triassic ? Muchez, P.
Viaene, W.
Dusar, M. 1992z Diagenetic control on secondary porosity in flood plain deposits: an example of the Lower Triassic of northeastern Belgium 285-298 Sedimentary Geology 78
Diagenesis Belgium Triassic? Muchez, P.
Heijlen, W. 2003 Origin and migration of fluids during the evolution of sedimentary basins and the origin of Zn-Pb deposits in Western and Central Europe 553-557" Journal of Geochemical Exploration 78-79 Hydrogeology Europe Generic ?
Muchez, P. 2004 Clay mineralogy and Kübler index of upper Famennian sediments from the Refrath 1 Borehole (Bergisch Gladbach-Paffrath Syncline; Ardennes-Rhenisch Massif, Germany) 33-41& Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 251
Mineralogy Germany Devonian ?
Plein, E. 1995_ Stratigraphie von Deutschland I: Norddeutsches Rotliegendbecken. Rotliegend-Monographie Teil II 193 183 Senckenberg Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Stratigraphy Germany
Rotliegend ? Rawson, P.F.
Riley, L.A. 1982c Latest Jurassic-Early Cretaceous events and the "late Cimmerian unconformity" in the North Sea area 2628-26485 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 66 Geology North Sea Jurassic; Cretaceous ? % Schipper, R. 1999< Construction of a 3D geological model of the Wassenaar field 114) MSc. Thesis Technical University of Delft Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Cretaceous k? H Schröder, L.
Lösch, J.
Schöneich, H.
Stancu-Kristoff, G.
Tafel, W.-D. 1991* Oil and Gas in the north-west German basin 139-148@ Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons 1
Spencer, A.M. BerlinJ Special Publication of the European Association of Petroleum Geoscientists Petroleum Geology Germany Generic ? Scotese, C.R.
Langford, R.P. 1995, Pangea and the Paleogeography of the Permian 3-19 The Permian of Northern Pangea 2. Scholle, P.A.,
Peryt, T.M.
Ulmer-Scholle, D.S. Berlin Springer-Verlag Palaeogeography Generic Permian? 8 Sørensen, J.C.
Gregersen, U.
Breiner, M.
Michelsen, O. 1997o High-frequency sequence stratigraphy of Upper Cenozoic deposits in the central and southeastern North Sea areas 99-123 Marine and Petroleum Geology 14 Stratigraphy North Sea Cenozoic P ? Taylor, J.C.M. 1981N Zechstein Facies and Petroleum Prospects in the Central and Northern North Sea 176-185b Petroleum Geology of the continental Shelf of North-West Europe: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference Illing, L.V.
Hobson, G.D. London Institute of Petroleum Petroleum Geology North Sea Zechstein? Tucker, M.E. 1991 Sequence stratigraphy of carbonate-evaporite basins: models and application to the Upper Permian (Zechstein) of northeast England and adjoining North Sea 1019-1036! Journal of the Geological Society 148 Stratigraphy UK Zechstein ? Vandenberghe, N. 1982k Carboniferous north of the Brabant Massif in the area of Heibaart, Tunhout and Meer; seismics and boreholes 24-268 Publikaties van het Natuurhistorisch Genootschap Limburg 32 Geology Belgium
Carboniferous ? Vandenberghe, N. 1984s The subsurface geology of the Meer Area in Northern Belgium, and its significance for the occurence of hydrocarbons 55-66 Journal of Petroleum Geology 7 Petroleum Geology Belgium Generic ?
De Vos, W. 1998e A short history of the pre-Variscan Brabant Massif, Belgium, from geological and geophysical evidence 122-124J Schriften des Staatlichen Museums für Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden 9 Geology Belgium
Palaeozoic ? Wassmann, Th.H. 1980) Mining subsidence in the East Netherlands 463-475% Fifth International Symposium on Salt 1
Subsidence Netherlands Generic Ʉ? % Wink, A.J.M. 1999B 3D Geological modelling and flow simulation of the Wassenaar field 118) MSc. Thesis Technical University of Delft Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Cretaceous*? Peace, G.R.
Besly, B.M. 1997 End-Carboniferous fold–thrust structures, Oxfordshire, UK: implications for the structural evolution of the late Variscan foreland of south-central England 225-237! Journal of the Geological Society 154 Structural Geology UK
Carboniferous < hx997)-3561180161/Peace & Besly (1997).pdf
? ! Dusar, M.
Lagrou, D. 2008 Paleokarst-enhanced reservoir for geothermics and gas storage in Carboniferous limestone (Campine Basin, NW European Carboniferous Basin) 43-51 Karst from Recent to Reservoirs 14C Sasowsky, I.D.
Feazel, C.T.
Mylroie, J.E.
Palmer, A.N.
Palmer, M.V.
Rapid City+ Karst Waters Institute Special Publication Carbonate sedimentology Belgium
Carboniferous @ $(2008)-0134936592/Dusar & Lagrou (2008).pdf ? Worum, G. 2004o Modelling of fault reactivation potential and quantification of inversion tectonics in the southern Netherlands 152 Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit Structural Geology Netherlands Generic ? N Drozdzewski, G.
Henscheid, S.
Hoth, P.
Juch, D.
Littke, R.
Vieth, A.
Wrede, V. 2009? The Pre-Permian of NW-Germany - Structure and coalification map 159-1723 Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 160 2 Structural Geology Germany
Carboniferous L # Derschriften-1077865728/09-05-11_Bildunterschriften.doc
? Van der Molen, A.S. 2004x Sedimentary development, seismic stratigraphy and burial compaction of the Chalk Group in the Netherlands North Sea area 175 Utrecht Utrecht Univeristy Geology Netherlands
Cretaceous <
X004)-2662594817/Van der Molen (2004).pdf
? De Lugt, I. R. 2007y Stratigraphical and structural setting of the Palaeogene siliciclastic sediments in the Dutch part of the North Sea Basin 112 Utrecht Utrecht University Geology Netherlands
Palaeogene 0
520067584/De Lugt (2007).pdfn? ! Miller, J.
Grayson, R.F. 19828 The regional context of Waulsortian facies in N. England 17-33P Symposium on the Environmental Setting and Distribution of the Waulsorian Facies -% Bolton, K.
Lane, H. R.
Lemone, D. V. El PasoA The El Paso Geological Society and University of Texas at El Paso Carbonate sedimentology UK
Carboniferous ? Hess, J.C.
Lippolt, H.J. 1986 40Ar-39Ar ages of tonstein and tuff sanidines: new calibration points for the improvement of the Upper Carboniferous time scale 143-154 Chemical Geology 59 Stratigraphy Western Europe
Carboniferous <
( 86)-1658073140/Hess & Lippolt (1986).pdf
?
Japsen, P. 1999n Overpressured Cenozoic shale mapped from velocity anomalies relative to a baseline for marine shale, North Sea 321-336 Petroleum Geoscience 5 4
Geophysics' A study of interval velocities from almost a thousand wells reveals basinwide differences in physical properties of the Cenozoic deposits of the North Sea Basin. These differences relate primarily to the sediments below the mid-Miocene unconformity as testified by a subdivision of a subset of these wells. Velocity–depth anomalies are mapped relative to a constrained, normal velocity–depth trend derived for marine Jurassic shale: tt =465 · e-z/2435+180, where tt is transit time in µs m-1, and z is depth in metres below sea bed. The upper Cenozoic deposits are close to normal compaction, whereas anomalies for the lower Cenozoic sediments outline a zone of undercompaction in the Central North Sea that corresponds to the overpressure in the Upper Cretaceous–Danian Chalk. The overpressure results from a balance between the load of the upper Cenozoic deposits, and the draining determined by the thickness and sealing quality of the lower Cenozoic sediments. The shale trend may be more widely applicable to marine shale dominated by smectite/illite. This suggestion is based on the observed correspondence between velocity anomalies and pressure data, and due to the match between trends for marine shale of different ages in the North Sea and in the US Gulf Coast area over a significant velocity range. North Sea Cenozoic 0 826872832/Japsen (1999).pdf b? . Vaughan, A
Hansen, T.
Cardon, H.
Radcliffe, N. 1999Q Litho-flow facies prediction in an alluvial fan/fluvial system, Central North Sea 409-419 Petroleum Geoscience 5 4 Clastic sedimentologyi An existing generic facies scheme consisting of a channel, sheetflood and floodplain facies was available from the cored wells. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of various wireline and core data indicated that each generic facies exhibits wide variations and significant petrophysical overlap with other facies. This scheme cannot therefore reliably be applied using wireline data, negating its application in uncored intervals through discriminant analysis. Due to the large variation in porosity and permeability of each facies, the existing scheme does not permit adequate determination of the probable reservoir performance of the sediments.
In order to address these problems a new ‘litho-flow’ facies scheme has been constructed which can clearly be identified from wireline data thereby enabling it to be reliably extended beyond cored intervals. Each facies in the scheme exhibits a discrete range in porosity and permeability by which the probable flow characteristics of the sediments can be assessed and has successfully been used by reservoir engineers as input to a probabilistic reservoir modelling package. Finally, the predicted facies are valid in terms of the environment of deposition, assisting geologists in the correlation of units between wells for the establishment of a depositional model. The new facies scheme was formulated from a careful selection and processing of data to achieve the above. This included core descriptions, core porosity and permeability measurements, mineral volume analysis and porosity estimation from wireline data, permeability predictions and electrofacies from cluster analysis. Central North Sea Generic @
/1999)-2661986048/Vaughan et al. (1999).pdf ? Vejbæk, O.V.
Kristensen, L. 2000 Downflank hydrocarbon potential identified using seismic inversion and geostatistics: Upper Maastrichtian reservoir unit, Dan Field, Danish Central Graben 1-13 Petroleum Geoscience 6 1
Geophysicsu Porosities considerably higher than anticipated from porosity/depth trend models are encountered in a Maastrichtian reservoir unit on the western flank of the Dan Field. Because there is a good correlation between seismic impedance and well log porosity, inverted seismic data are used to infer that highly porous zones are widely distributed. The distribution of these high porosity zones is predicted using geostatistical methods based on the inverted seismic data. These predictions contradict the general assumption that porosity deteriorates with depth in the study area. Annealing cosimulation is applied using inversion-derived seismic impedances as soft data and well log porosities as hard data. The sensitivity of the porosity characterization to hydrocarbon in-place estimates is investigated through the calculation of water saturations using height above free water level and simulated porosity as input parameters. Multiple realizations show that calculated hydrocarbon in-place estimates are more sensitive to the location of the free water level than to uncertainties related to the geostatistical reservoir characterization. Denmark
Cretaceous H
/ &len (2000)-4280403200/Vejbaek & Kristensen (2000).pdf? $ Garrett, S.W.
Atherton, T.
Hurst, A. 2000L Lower Cretaceous deep-water sandstone reservoirs of the UK Central North Sea 231-240 Petroleum Geoscience 6 3 Petroleum Geology The Lower Cretaceous deep-water depositional system of the Central North Sea is emerging as a significant economic target. It contains a broad range of sedimentary facies and architecture. Thick sands were deposited by high-density sediment gravity flows. Unusual banded and mixed slurried facies represent the products of processes transitional between turbidity currents and debris flows. Shale-prone units show evidence of debris flows and post-depositional down-slope movement. Geometrical architectural elements include narrow linear incised channels, broad linear sand-rich fairways, prograding sand lobes and laterally extensive sheets. Models for exploration and production are refined by core magnetic measurements, automated quantitative petrography, detailed structural analyses and biostratigraphical zonations. Key remaining challenges are refining depositional models to aid prediction of lateral facies variations, understanding trap mechanisms and geometry and improving images of sandstone units on seismic data. UK North Sea
Cretaceous < K i00)-0824575488/Garrett et al (2000).pdf R? p Porter, J.R.
Knipe, R.J.
Fisher, Q.J.
Farmer, A.B.
Allin, N.S.
Jones, L.S.
Palfrey, A.J.
Garrett, S.W.
Lewis, G. 20002 Deformation processes in the Britannia Field, UKCS 241-254 Petroleum Geoscience 6 3 Structural Geology> The intensity and distribution of deformation within cores recovered from 24 Britannia Field wells has been quantified and used to assess the sub-seismic deformation present. Structural logging has been amalgamated with microstructural and petrophysical analysis of fault rocks and the results used to construct models of the fluid flow behaviour of fault zones and to evaluate the correlations between core-scale structures and the larger-scale seismically mapped fault arrays. Deformation within Britannia is controlled primarily by (1) early sediment disruption, dewatering, detachment and folding in semi-lithified sediments and (2) more long-lived clustered arrays of small faults developed within fault damage zones. Fault population analysis illustrates that seismic-based mapping alone does not provide a good platform for accurately predicting the number of sub-seismic faults present. Analysis of the effect of deformation features on fluid communication highlights the importance of small-scale faults in enhancing communication in complex and initially separate sand bodies. UK North Sea Generic < C 000)-2442732806/Porter et al. (2000).pdf(? / Rose,P.T.S.
Manighetti,A.A.
Regan,K.J.
Smith,T. 2000 Sand body geometry, constrained and predicted during a horizontal drilling campaign in a Lower Cretaceous turbidite sand system, Captain Field, UKCS Block 13/22a 255-263 Petroleum Geoscience 6 3 Clastic sedimentology The Captain Field is a large viscous oil accumulation located in the Western Moray Firth, UK Block 13/22a which is being developed by long horizontal wells. The reservoir sand body geometry was defined in the appraisal phase by 20 vertical wells. Seismic attributes were not used because of the poor seismic signal to noise ratio in the reservoir interval. As the development drilling campaign has unfolded, the appraisal sand body geometry model has been significantly refined using a wealth of data from the horizontal wells.
During development drilling it has proved cheap to sidetrack horizontal well sections without a requirement to isolate the abandoned hole. This has resulted in significant extra geological data (e.g. top reservoir penetrations, sand thickness data). Integrating this dataset with top reservoir topography derived from seismic and weak internal reservoir seismic reflectors, the sand body geometry model is significantly improved in undeveloped parts of the field. UK North Sea
Cretaceous 8 B,-2167228672/Rose et al. (2000).pdf J? r Law, A.
Raymond, A.
White, G.
Atkinson, A.
Clifton, M.
Atherton, T.
Dawes, I.
Robertson, E.
Melvin, A.
Brayley, S. 2000% The Kopervik fairway, Moray Firth, UK 265-274 Petroleum Geoscience 6 3 Petroleum Geology? The Albian–Aptian sand fairway in the Outer Moray Firth of the United Kingdom Continental Shelf, informally referred to as the Kopervik fairway, poses considerable challenges to the explorationist, but has the potential to generate significant commercial reward. After an initial spate of activity in the mid 1970s, the Kopervik Sandstone remained largely ignored as a primary exploration target until the late 1990s, despite its excellent reservoir quality and proven charge. This renewed exploration effort led to a number of successful discoveries. As a result of this activity – and a willingness among operators along the fairway to share information – a large regional database is developing. Drawing on this, we summarize our current and historical understanding of the fairway, using existing discoveries as examples. UK North Sea
Cretaceous 8 b8 2)-0707829248/Law et al. (2000).pdf . ?j o n Armentrout, J.M.
Malecek, S.J.
Fearn, L.B.
Sheppard, C.E.
Naylor, P.H.
Miles, A.W.
Desmarais, R.J.
Dunay, R.E. 1993 Log-motif analysis of Paleogene oppositional systems tracts, Central and Northern North Sea: defined by sequence stratigraphic analysis 45-57H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Stratigraphy North Sea
Palaeogene D
n. (1993)-0578338376/Armentrout et al. (1993).pdf
?k o Arter, G.
Fagein, S.W. 1993R The Fleetwood Dyke and the Tynwald fault zone, Block 113/27, East Irish Sea Basin 835-843H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Structural Geology Ireland Generic <
n 993)-3112252232/Arter & Fagin (1993).pdf ?l o Ballentine, C.J.
O'Nions, R.K. 1993R The use of natural He, Ne and Ar isotopes as constraints on hydrocarbon transport 1339-1345H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Generic Generic H Ans (1993)-1904541768/Ballentine & O'Nions (1993).pdf
?m Bartholomew, I.D. 1993U Structural styles and their evolution in the North Sea area: Introduction and review 1081-1082H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Structural Geology North Sea Generic 8
\ 3)-1116339272/Bartholomew (1993).pdf ? Lin, G.
Nunn, J.A.
Deming, D. 2000k Thermal buffering of sedimentary basins by basement rocks: implications arising from numerical simulations 299-307 Petroleum Geoscience 6 4 Geothermics The Earth’s crust releases or absorbs heat energy in response to changes in the thermal regime. Numerical simulations of basin-scale heat transport which use the sediment–basement interface as a thermal boundary assume that near-surface temperature changes have no effect on basement rocks and vice versa (unbuffered model). We test this assumption by comparing numerical models of transient fluid flow and heat transport in the Arkoma foreland basin with and without thermal buffering by basement rocks. Thermal buffering by basement rocks reduces cooling (by fresh water recharge) of deep basin sediments near the fold–thrust belt and reduces warming (by upward fluid discharge) of basin margin sediments. The unbuffered model predicts a temporary warming of basin margin sediments which is largely an artefact of the model thermal boundary conditions. In all cases, the buffered model produces no significant thermal transient. Exaggerated temperature predictions also can occur in numerical simulations of uplift and erosion or heat refraction. Generic Generic 4 p$0372702464/Lin et al. (2000).pdfD? Jeremiah, J.M. 2000m Lower Cretaceous turbidites of the Moray Firth: sequence stratigraphical framework and reservoir distribution 309-328 Petroleum Geoscience 6 4 StratigraphyZ Lower Cretaceous depositional systems of the Moray Firth are influenced by eustatic sea-level oscillations which have been dramatically overprinted by two major phases of pulsed tectonism, the Late Cimmerian and Austrian. The biostratigraphical resolution obtained has allowed the timing and differentiation of distinct tectonic/sequence boundaries, some of which are utilized as important seismo-stratigraphic markers. The construction of detailed facies maps for individual sequences has, in parallel, allowed an insight into the tectonic history of the main source areas during the Early Cretaceous. UK North Sea
Cretaceous 0 826290688/Jeremiah (2000).pdf
? Blackbourn, G.A.
Thomson, M.E. 2000 Britannia Field, UK North Sea: petrographic constraints on Lower Cretaceous provenance, facies and the origin of slurry-flow deposits 329-343 Petroleum Geoscience 6 4 Petrologyp Deep-water sandstones of the Early Cretaceous Britannia reservoir are rich in ‘muddy’ material, with the development of unusual ‘slurry-flow’ deposits (sensu Lowe & Guy 2000), including banded facies. The banding comprises couplets of pale sandstone containing microporous detrital chlorite and other clays, retaining substantial porosity, and dark sandstone in which biotite (now altered to chlorite) has promoted quartz pressure solution that has largely destroyed porosity. The main source of the abundant chlorite and biotite is the Jurassic Forties Igneous Province, underlying and surrounding the Britannia Field. Altered alkali basalts and other lithologies here are known to be rich in both minerals.
Grain-size distributions have been examined using image analysis. The banded facies are generally finer grained than the high-density turbidite and unbanded slurry-flow sandstones, and may be a distal equivalent. Dark bands in some cases contain no more fine clays than associated light bands, indicating that Lowe & Guy’s model for dark-band formation, invoking a cohesive sublayer, is incomplete. Gelation of chlorite-rich clays within each banded couplet is proposed as an alternative mechanism. These microporous pore-filling chlorites have restricted the precipitation of quartz overgrowths and other non-porous cements, although their presence inhibits permeability. UK North Sea
Cretaceous L P Homson (2000)-1413164544/Blackbourn & Thomson (2000).pdf ? + Ainsworth, N.R.
Riley, L.A.
Gallagher, L.T. 2000 An Early Cretaceous lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic framework for the Britannia Field reservoir (Late Barremian–Late Aptian), UK North Sea 345-367 Petroleum Geoscience 6 4 Stratigraphyb A Lower Barremian–Upper Aptian lithostratigraphic scheme applicable to the Britannia Field (Blocks 15/29, 15/30, 16/26 and 16/27) is presented. The Britannia Sandstone Formation reservoir is formally subdivided into three members (type well 15/30-9); the Lapworth (Late Barremian to Early Aptian), Kilda (Late Aptian) and Bosun (latest Aptian) members. The Lapworth Member is subdivided into three units, Lapworth ‘A’ (Late Barremian), the intra-Fischschiefer Lapworth ‘B’ (intra-Early Aptian) and Lapworth ‘C’ (Early Aptian).
The Early Barremian to Early Aptian upper Valhall Formation is subdivided into seven units: ‘V3A’ the Hauptblatterton, ‘V3B’, ‘V3C’, ‘V3D’, Fischschiefer Bed, and ‘V4’. The overlying Sola and Rodby Formations are subdivided into Units ‘S1’ and ‘S2’ of the ‘Lower’ Sola Formation (Late Aptian), plus Units ‘S3’ and ‘S4’ of the ‘Upper’ Sola Formation (Early Albian). The Rodby Formation (Middle? to Late Albian) is subdivided into three units: ‘R2’, ‘R3’ and ‘R4’.
A high resolution biostratigraphic zonal scheme is defined for the Early Barremian to earliest Albian interval, utilizing calcareous nannoplankton, micropalaeontology and palynology. Within this, 49 zones and 38 subzones (12 microfaunal zones and 4 subzones, 23 palynological zones and 19 subzones, and 14 nannoplankton zones and 15 subzones) are recognized. Of these, 5 micropalaeontological zones (and 4 subzones), 11 palynological zones (and 15 subzones) and 7 calcareous nannoplankton zones (and 10 subzones) are directly applicable to the Britannia reservoir section. UK North Sea
Cretaceous @ 1 2000)-4131207936/Ainsworth et al. (2000).pdf ? Hailwood, E.
Ding, F. 2000 Sediment transport and dispersal pathways in the Lower Cretaceous sands of the Britannia Field, derived from magnetic anisotropy 369-379 Petroleum Geoscience 6 4
Geophysics Sediment transport directions and dispersal patterns in the Lower Cretaceous sands of the Britannia Field have been investigated, using magnetic anisotropy and palaeomagnetic core re-orientation methods, to aid understanding of the geometry and architecture of the reservoir sand units. The results indicate that sands were sourced mainly from the north. This applies both to the massive sand bodies with lobate geometry in the lower reservoir zones in the western part of the field and to the laminated slurried beds with tabular geometry in the upper zones in the eastern part. Thus, sediment in this part of the Outer Moray Firth play appears to have been derived largely from a discrete point source to the north rather than from axial flow along the Witch Ground Graben. UK North Sea
Cretaceous @ H 2000)-2940144640/Hailwood & Ding (2000).pdf M? 3 Dickinson, B.
Waterhouse, M.
Goodall, J.
Holmes, N. 2001J Blenheim Field: the appraisal of a small oil field with a horizontal well 81-95 Petroleum Geoscience 7 1 Petroleum Geology Blenheim is a small Palaeocene oil field (c. 53×106 BBL oil in-place), in which significant seismic uncertainty complicated a development decision. Initial appraisal plans required a conventional deviated well sited to minimize the uncertainty, gather further reservoir and fluid data, and, if successful, provide a production well.
Later studies indicated improved economics if horizontal wells were successful. Several well designs, with and without pilot holes, were analysed to discover the optimum balance of data gathering, risk reduction and development cost reduction. The optimum well required accurate well steering in an area of seismic uncertainty. A high-resolution biostratigraphic study was made and provided detailed correlation of intra-reservoir mudstones, enabling wellsite analysis to aid steering decisions.
The pilot hole proved the most likely seismic interpretation to be correct and permitted the horizontal well to be drilled as planned. Wellsite biostratigraphic analysis and real-time MWD aided steering decisions and contributed to a successful horizontal well being drilled. The well flowed in excess of the minimum economic rates required and allowed the field to be successfully developed. UK Generic @ , 2001)-0890450176/Dickinson et al. (2001).pdfE? y Maynard, J.R.
Gibson, J.P. 2001Q Potential for subtle traps in the Permian Rotliegend of the UK Southern North Sea 301-314 Petroleum Geoscience 7 3 Petroleum Geology The Permian, Rotliegend Group of the UK Southern North Sea is shown to consist of periodic, cyclic stratal packages which can be used to aid regional correlation in the zone of playa–erg interaction colloquially known as the Rotliegend Feather Edge. In this area, the depositional topography controls the sedimentary facies, with a concentration of aeolian sandstone deposition in the topographic depressions, especially in the lee of hills. These units onlap the contemporaneous intra-basinal and marginal highs. The palaeotopographic lows rapidly became infilled, with later lacustrine deposition occurring over a smoother surface. This allowed the deposition of finer-grained lake deposits over the sands. Prediction of the palaeotopography is key to understanding potential reservoir distribution and seal juxtaposition within the Rotliegend. This paper demonstrates how pre-Permian subcrop maps, Bouguer anomaly maps and the Rotliegend isopach can be used to reconstruct this palaeotopography. Two areas are studied which demonstrate some of the subtleties of the model. The southern Quadrant 42–43 area had a palaeotopography with gentle gradients and a number of subtle intrabasinal highs that allowed for isolated reservoirs overlain by shales with high sealing potential. In contrast, the northern Quadrant 49 area, contained only intra-basinal relief, with high palaeotopographic gradients. Aeolian sediments banked up against this barrier and no intra-Rotliegend seal was deposited over these sands. UK North Sea
Rotliegend @ 4 2001)-1528221440/Maynard & Gibson (2001).pdfS
? r Bailey, R.J.
Lloyd, D.A. 2001} A log correlation of the Rotliegend of the northern Cleaver Bank High: the search for controls on reservoir sand distribution 351-358 Petroleum Geoscience 7 4 Petroleum Geology Gamma ray log correlations of some 50 Open File wells were used to investigate the distribution and relative age of aeolian Leman Sandstone developments across the northern Cleaver Bank High. The correlations led to a sequence stratigraphic interpretation based on a depositional record of climatically forced fluctuations in the level of the Silverpit Formation playa lake system. This confirmed the widely reported diachroneity of the Leman Sandstone and identified the onlapped Base Permian palaeotopography and climatically forced, generally positive, changes in the water budget of the Silverpit Lake as the chief controls on aeolian sand distribution. However, a ‘1/fn’ power law distribution of changes in water budget is preferred to the idea of strictly cyclic climatic control. On this basis, the transgression of the northern Cleaver Bank High and the occurrence of aeolian and lacustrine end-member facies within depositional sequences of uniform thickness can be understood. Interval isochores were used to derive palaeotopographic maps of the Base Permian. Taken in conjunction with the observed facies of the onlapping depositional sequences, the maps locate under-explored basal aeolian Leman Sandstone play fairways. UK North Sea
Rotliegend @
] 8(2001)-3692932096/Bailey & Lloyd (2001).pdf g
?
4 Duranti, D.
Hurst, A.
Bell, C.
Groves, S.
Hanson, R. 2002k Injected and remobilized Eocene sandstones from the Alba Field, UKCS: core and wireline log characteristics 99-107 Petroleum Geoscience 8 Petroleum GeologyY Depositional and remobilized sandstone units are identified in core
from the Eocene sand-rich deep-water Nauchlan Member and termed stratified and
unstratified facies, respectively. The unstratified facies association records an
increased intensity of sand remobilization, and inferred fluidization, upward.
Unstratified facies have lower average porosity and permeability than stratified
facies. Bulk density and acoustic velocity are higher in unstratified facies than in
stratified facies. The general geometric relations of the reservoir can be inferred from
a correct identification of the facies. Correlation of borehole data with (3D PS)
seismic data enables the seismic to be used as a lithology indicator. A modified
interpretation of sandbody geometry is made that incorporates sand injection
features and provides a more accurate reservoir model. UK North Sea
Palaeogene @ D(2002)-2973483008/Duranti et al. (2002).pdf ? Hillier, R.D.
Cosgrove, J.W. 2002y Core and seismic observations of overpressure-related deformation within Eocene sediments of the Outer Moray Firth, UKCS 141-149 Petroleum Geoscience 8 2 Clastic sedimentology
Cores from the Eocene Alba Field of the Outer Moray Firth, UKCS contain sandstone injections and bedding-parallel fibrous ‘beef’ veins. Both of these features are associated with high fluid pressure and the process of hydraulic fracturing. The orientation of the hydraulic fractures (along which sand injection occurred, or calcite precipitated) was controlled by the interplay of the stress field and the intrinsic anisotropy of the sediments. Seismic sections indicate that sand injection occurred on a larger scale than is apparent from the cores. Interpreted dykes (400 m long by 30 m wide) emanate from the margins of the Alba channel sandstone along fault planes. An analogy is drawn between these dykes, and the peripheral dykes formed at the margins of laccoliths as a result of the flexing and subsequent fracturing of the overlying strata. ‘Decompacting’ of ptygmatically folded dykes suggests that the process of hydraulic fracturing and sandstone intrusion initiated between burial depths of 40 to 400 m below seabed. UK North Sea
Palaeogene H Ψ T ve (2002)-3560952064/Hillier & Cosgrove (2002).pdf
? B Harris, D.
Yielding, G.
Levine, P.
Maxwell, G.
Rose, P.T.
Nell, P. 2002 Using Shale Gouge Ratio (SGR) to model faults as transmissibility barriers in reservoirs: an example from the Strathspey Field, North Sea 167-176 Petroleum Geoscience 8 2 Structural GeologyB Since the onset of production in 1993, extraction and injection in Strathspey has focused on the central region of the field, around the ‘Central Fault’. Analysis of RFT measurements from intermittent, but regular drilling on either side of this fault has allowed reconstruction of footwall/hanging wall pore-pressure fields for particular time instances. Comparison of these similar age pressure fields shows the Central Fault capable of maintaining up to 1300 psi pressure differentials. The results of the pressure analysis were used to calibrate a fault seal attribute, termed Shale Gouge Ratio (SGR) which is an estimate of clay concentration within fault gouge, mapped across the surface of the Central Fault. The calibration showed that as SGR increases, so does the measured pressure differential across the fault. This positive relationship between SGR and pressure differential suggests SGR is a guide to potential fluid-flow resistance exerted by faults. We therefore suggest that SGR can potentially be used as a guide to defining differences in permeability within and between faults in a given field. This ‘scaleability’ of SGR as an indicator of fault permeability within a field could provide hitherto unachievable flexibility in the systematic modelling of the hydraulic behaviour of faults during fluid flow simulations. UK North Sea Generic < P 7002)-1413689856/Harris et al. (2002).pdf
?
Bauer, C.
Fichler, C. 2002k Quaternary lithology and shallow gas from high resolution gravity and seismic data in the central North Sea 229-236 Petroleum Geoscience 8 3
Geophysics% High resolution marine gravity data and 3D post-stack seismic data from the central North Sea have been jointly interpreted. The accuracy of the gravity data allowed the detection of density contrasts related to a Quaternary sub-glacial melt-water channel, a shallow gas accumulation and a Tertiary gas chimney. The combination of gravity and seismic data is shown to particularly improve the detection of the shallow gas accumulation.
The interpretation included visual correlation of gravity images and seismic data performed in a seismic workstation environment, as well as 2.5D gravity modelling along selected seismic profiles. The successful application of this method on shallow targets requires a limited complexity of the shallow strata as well as targets defined by a distinct density contrast and a reasonable size. Data requirements include high-resolution bathymetric and free air gravity data. Bouguer gravity data, which are commonly used in exploration, cannot be used here as densities may vary within the uppermost layer below the sea bottom. Central North Sea
Quaternary @ n \\(2002)-0893788160/Bauer & Fichler (2002).pdf
? Røgen, B.
Fabricius, I.L. 2002n Influence of clay and silica on permeability and capillary entry pressure of chalk reservoirs in the North Sea 287-293 Petroleum Geoscience 8 3 Petroleum Geology The permeability and capillary entry pressure of chalk reservoirs are controlled by their porosity and specific surface area. Measured permeabilities are in the range 0.025–5.3 mD and are successfully predicted by use of the Kozeny equation. In this paper we focus on the factors that control specific surface area. Fifty-nine Tor and Ekofisk Formation chalk samples from five North Sea chalk reservoirs were investigated. All contain quartz and clay minerals, most commonly kaolinite and smectite, with trace amounts of illite. The contents of calcite and quartz are inversely correlated and both are independent of the content of clays. We thus infer that the main part of the silica is of biogenic origin.
The specific surface area of the chalk is mainly controlled by clay content. The specific surface area of calcite is determined by the individual calcite crystal size and is not dependent on stratigraphic variations in fossil size. The specific surface area of calcite increases with increasing content of quartz and clays. These constituents may inhibit recrystallization of calcite and thus preserve high specific surface area. Our data accord with the following specific surface areas (m2 g-1): calcite between 0.5 and 3.5, quartz about 5, kaolinite about 15, and smectite about 60. North Sea
Cretaceous D
< s (2002)-2840236288/Rogen & Fabricius (2002).pdf3
@? ! m Van Hulten, F
Poty, E. 2009* Dinantian Reefs underneath the Netherlands" 71st EAGE Conference & Exhibition Amsterdam Carbonate sedimentology Netherlands
Carboniferous D y (2009)-0006132226/Van Hulten & Poty (2009).pdf
? U Kloosterman, H.J.
Kelly, R.S.
Stammeijer, J.
Hartung, M.
Van Waarde, J.
Chajecki, C. 2003j Successful application of time-lapse seismic data in Shell Expro's Gannet Fields, Central North Sea, UKCS 25-34 Petroleum Geoscience 9 1
Geophysics UK Cenozoic H ]al. (2003)-1744178176/Kloosterman et al. (2003).pdf
? # Morris, J.
Hampson, G.
Maxwell, G. 2003 Controls on facies architecture in the Brent Group, Strathspey Field, UK North Sea: implications for reservoir characterization 209-220 Petroleum Geoscience 9 3 Clastic sedimentology UK Jurassic < k 003)-2063380480/Morris et al. (2003).pdf? # Heward, A.
Schofield, P.
Gluyas, J. 2003w The Rotliegend reservoir in Block 30/24, UK Central North Sea: including the Argyll (renamed Ardmore) and Innes fields 295-307 Petroleum Geoscience 9 4 Petroleum Geology UK
Rotliegend < .8 S 03)-3791639296/Heward et al. (2003).pdf ? 6 Jakobsen, F.
Ineson, J.R.
Kristensen, L
Stemmerik, L. 2004{ Characterization and zonation of a marly chalk reservoir: the Lower Cretaceous Valdemar Field of the Danish Central Graben 21-33 Petroleum Geoscience 10 1 Petroleum Geology Denmark
Cretaceous @ 004)-0167953153/Jakobsen et al. (2004).pdf ? Carr, A.D.
Petersen, H.I. 2004 Modelling of the hydrocarbon generation history and volumetric considerations of the coal-sourced Lulita Field, Danish North Sea 107-119 Petroleum Geoscience 10 2 Petroleum Geology Denmark Jurassic @ x k004)-3120916993/Carr & Petersen (2004).pdf
? 2 Nygård, R.
Gutierrez, M.
Høeg, K.
Bjørlykke, K. 2004Z Influence of burial history on microstructure and compaction behaviour of Kimmeridge clay 259-270 Petroleum Geoscience 10 3 Burial history UK Jurassic < 004)-0889762305/Nygard et al. (2004).pdfO
? q Japsen, P.
Bruun, A.
Fabricius, I.L.
Rasmussen, R.
Vejbæk, O.V.
Pedersen, J.M.
Mavko, G.
Mogensen, C.
Høier, C. 2004x Influence of porosity and pore fluid on acoustic properties of chalk: AVO response from oil, South Arne Field, North Sea 319-330 Petroleum Geoscience 10 4
Geophysics Denmark
Cretaceous < 004)-1762455297/Japsen et al. (2004).pdfM? G Pringle, K.
Westerman, A.R.
Clark, J.D.
Drinkwater, N.J.
Gardiner, A.R. 2004 3D high-resolution digital models of outcrop analogue study sites to constrain reservoir model uncertainty: an example from Alport Castles, Derbyshire, UK 343-352 Petroleum Geoscience 10 4 Petroleum Geology UK
Carboniferous < "(04)-2081418241/Pringle et al. (2004).pdf s
? DTI 2006* The Chalk play of the UK Central North Sea DTI Petroleum Geology UK
Cretaceous ( t< 81345/DTI (2006).pdf e? DTI 2009 Stratigraphic plays of the UKCS DTI Petroleum Geology UK Generic ( D `0257/DTI (2009).pdf
?
Gray, J. 2008c Petroleum prospectivity of the principal sedimentary basins on the United Kingdom Continental Shelf 40 - - - DECC$ The Department of Trade and Industry Petroleum Geology - UK Generic , _( 9450497/Gray (2008).pdf ?
Swann, G.
Gray, J. 20089 The hydrocarbon prospectivity of Britain's onshore basins 92 - - - DECC Petroleum Geology - UK Generic 8 ; >)-0186356993/Swann & Gray (2008).pdf? ( Wagner, M.
Wagner, M.
Piske, J.
Smit, R. 2002a Case histories of microbial prospection for oil and gas, onshore and offshore in northwest Europe 453-479_ Surface exploration case histories: Applications of geochemistry, magnetics, and remote sensing 48 Schumacher, D.
LeSchack, L.A. - AAPG Studies in Geology Petroleum Geology Western Europe Generic <
, 002)-4246732289/Wagner et al. (2002).pdf ? Liewig, N.
Clauer, N. 2000V K-Ar dating of varied microtextural illite in Permian gas reservoirs, northern Germany 371-381
Clay Minerals 35
Mineralogy Germany
Rotliegend @ l(2000)-4123888897/Liewig & Clauer (2000).pdf>? Barr, D. 2007W Conductive faults and sealing fractures in the West Sole gas fields, southern North Sea 431-451 Structurally complex reservoirs 292- Jolley, S.J.
Barr, D.
Walsh, J.J.
Knipe, R.J. London& Geological Society Special Publication Structural Geology UK North Sea
Rotliegend , 334337/Barr (2007).pdf ? Hengesbach, L. 2006y Magnetotellurische Studien im Nordwestdeutschen Becken: Ein Beitrag zur paläogeographischen Entwicklung des Unterkarbons 145 Münster$ Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität
Geophysics Germany
Carboniferous 4 R 83842271248/Hengesbach (2006).pdf ?! Southwood, D.A.
Hill, W.O.R. 1995p The origin and distribution of porosity in the Zechsteinkalk (Upper Permian) of Hewett Field, Southern North Sea 289-302 Petroleum Geoscience 1 Petroleum Geology UK North Sea Zechstein @ u b1995)-2369972225/Southwood & Hill (1995).pdf.?" & Andresen, K.L.
Clausen, O.R.
Huuse, M. 2009 A giant (5.3 x107 m3) middle Miocene (c. 15 Ma) sediment mound (M1) above the Siri Canyon, Norwegian–Danish Basin: Origin and significance 1640-1655 Marine and Petroleum Geology 26 Clastic sedimentology Denmark; Norway Neogene @
B h(2009)-1957559553/Andresen et al. (2009).pdf ?# ! Bull, S.
Cartwright, J.
Huuse, M. 2009T A review of kinematic indicators from mass-transport complexes using 3D seismic data 1132-1152 Marine and Petroleum Geology 26
Geophysics Norway Generic 8 _l
2)-3518080001/Bull et al. (2009).pdf ?$ * Huuse, M.
Lykke-Andersen, H.
Michelsen, O. 20012 Cenozoic evolution of the eastern Danish North Sea 243-269 Marine Geology 177 Geology Denmark Cenozoic 8
m`
)-2343852545/Huuse et al. (2001).pdf'
?% 0 Nygård, A.
Sejrup, H.P.
Haflidason, H.
Bryn, P. 2005 The glacial North Sea Fan, southern Norwegian Margin: architecture and evolution from the upper continental slope to the deep-sea basin 71-84 Marine and Petroleum Geology 22 Clastic sedimentology Norway Cenozoic <
w L005)-1404518145/Nygard et al. (2005).pdf ?& 5 Gemmer, L.
Nielsen, S.B.
Huuse, M.
Lykke-Andersen, H. 2002\ Post-mid-Cretaceous eastern North Sea evolution inferred from 3D thermo-mechanical modelling 315-342 Tectonophysics 350 Structural Geology Eastern North Sea Cenozoic < Ø002)-3032157953/Gemmer et al. (2002).pdf ?' Kuhlmann, G.
Wong, T.E. 2008x Pliocene paleoenvironment evolution as interpreted from 3D-seismic data in the southern North Sea, Dutch offshore sector 173-189 Marine and Petroleum Geology 25 Geology NL North Sea Neogene @ p 008)-2277393153/Kuhlmann & Wong (2008).pdf ?( " Steeghs, P.
Overeem, I.
Tigrek, S. 2000b Seismic volume attribute analysis of the Cenozoic succession in the L08 block (Southern North Sea) 245-262 Global and Planetary Change 27
Geophysics NL North Sea Cenozoic < w y00)-3921756161/Steeghs et al. (2000).pdf ?) * Frey-Martinez, J.
Cartwright, J.
James, D. 2006` Frontally confined versus frontally emergent submarine landslides: A 3D seismic characterisation 585-604 Marine and Petroleum Geology 23 Clastic sedimentology Generic Generic H I
70l. (2006)-2361668353/Frey-Martinez et al. (2006).pdf_
?+ - Jackson, C.A.-L.
Barber, G.P.
Martinsen, O.J. 2008 Submarine slope morphology as a control on the development of sand-rich turbidite depositional systems: 3D seismic analysis of the Kyrre Fm (Upper Cretaceous), Måløy Slope, offshore Norway 663-680 Marine and Petroleum Geology 25 Clastic sedimentology Norway
Cretaceous @ Y(2008)-3116973825/Jackson et al. (2008).pdf ?M & Cope, J.C.W.
Ingham, J.K.
Rawson, P.F. 1992( Atlas of Palaeogeography and Lithofacies 153 London The Geological Society Palaeogeography UK Generic L W
&$- Text-2678607872/Cope et al (1992) - Text.pdf
internal-pdf://Cope et al (1992) - Maps-2913516288/Cope et al (1992) - Maps.pdf
internal-pdf://Cope et al (1992) - Legend-2125005824/Cope et al (1992) - Legend.pdf
internal-pdf://Cope et al (1992) - Eerste pagina's-1739135488/Cope et al (1992) - Eerste pagina's.pdf ?F I Vandenberghe, N.
Dusar, M.
Boonen, P.
Fan Lie, S.
Voets, R.
Bouckaert, J. 2001I The Merksplas-Beerse geothermal well (17W265) and the Dinantian reservoir 349-367 Geologica Belgica 3 3-4 aliphatic-hydrocarbons; alkanes-; Belgium-; brines-; carbonate-rocks; Carboniferous-; Dinantian-; Europe-; geochemistry-; geophysical-methods; geophysical-profiles; geophysical-surveys; geothermal-energy; geothermal-fields; geothermal-reservoirs; hydrocarbons-; hydrochemistry-; karst-; limestone-; macerals-; Merksplas-Beerse-Field; methane-; Namurian-; organic-compounds; Paleozoic-; pump-tests; reflectance-; reflection-methods; reservoir-rocks; sedimentary-rocks; seismic-methods; seismic-profiles; surveys-; Upper-Carboniferous; vertical-seismic-profiles; Visean-; vitrinite-; Western-Europe; Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources Geothermics The Merksplas-Beerse well (North Belgium) is a low-enthalpy geothermal production well targeting the Dinantian karstic limestones to a total depth of 1761 m. The presence of methane gas in these limestones generated a particular interest in this well. This paper describes the geological profile of this well and the Dinantian reservoir. The Namurian-Visean boundary at 1630 m is determined by the base of the dipmeter draping pattern in the radioactive Chokier shales (base of the Namurian) on top of the karstified Dinantian limestone. The stratigraphic composition of the transitional interval from Dinantian to Silesian correlates closely to the nearby Turnhout well. The two fractured intervals at 1630-1656 and 1739-1747 m respectively were identified in the Dinantian limestones. They are associated with siliciclastic sections in between pure limestones. The reservoir water is a sodium chloride brine of about 74 degrees C and at a pressure below the hydrostatic. The water is slightly radioactive because of the contact with the Chokier hot shales. A carbon dioxide gas with methane and nitrogen admixture is dissolved in the water. The gas liquid ratio at standard conditions is about one and the bubble point is around 200-400 psi at reservoir temperature. A long duration pumping test shows a high fracture permeability and a productivity index of 5.4 m3/h/bar with a productivity to injectivity ratio of 1.45. Belgium
CarboniferousR?G ( Evans, J. A.
Chisholm, J. I.
Leng, M. J. 2001\ How U-Pb detrital monazite ages contribute to the interpretation of the Pennine Basin infill 741-744" Journal of the Geological Society 158 Part 5? absolute-age; Carboniferous-; central-England; chemical-composition; clastic-rocks; dates-; England-; Europe-; Great-Britain; lithostratigraphy-; monazite-; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; Pennines-; phosphates-; provenance-; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; U-Pb; United-Kingdom; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy; Geochronology
Mineralogy New U-Pb ages on detrital monazite from the Carboniferous of central England show a clear difference between populations from northerly and southeasterly derived sandstones. The northern source was responsible for most of the detritus that entered the basin during Namurian times and is dominated by monazites of Scandian age with normally distributed (super 235) U/ (super 207) Pb ages averaging 420+ or -7 Ma (2sigma ). One older grain gives a Proterozoic age of 2040+ or -1.4 Ma (2sigma ). The data suggest a source region within the Scandian orogen. Southeasterly derived sediments are more heterogeneous and show a range of Variscan, Acadian, Ordovician and Sveconorwegian ages. Variscan uplifting of terranes of central Europe would provide a suitable source for this assemblage. UK
Carboniferous Z?H Jones, C. M.
Chisholm, J. I. 1997j The Roaches and Ashover grits; sequence stratigraphic interpretation of a "turbidite-fronted delta" system 45-68 Geological Journal 32 1o Ashover-Grits; Carboniferous-; cross-bedding; deltaic-environment; England-; Europe-; Great-Britain; lithofacies-; Namurian-; Paleozoic-; Pennine-Basin; planar-bedding-structures; regression-; Roaches-Grits; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-structures; sequence-stratigraphy; transgression-; turbidite-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy Stratigraphy UK
Carboniferous D
W = (1997)-1399232641/Jones & Chisholm (1997).pdf ?I Martinsen, O.J.
Collinson, J.D. 2002: The western Irish Namurian Basin reassessed; a discussion 523-542 Basin Research 14 4 aggradation-; bathymetry-; Carboniferous-; deposition-; Dinantian-; Europe-; Gull-Island-Formation; Iapetus-; Ireland-; models-; Namurian-; Paleozoic-; progradation-; thickness-; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; western-Ireland; Stratigraphy Palaeogeography Ireland
Carboniferous L
+ nson (2002)-3457467957/Martinson & Collinson (2002).pdf ?J + Owens, Bernard
McLean, Duncan
Bodman, David 2004Y A revised palynozonation of British Namurian deposits and comparisons with eastern Europe 89-103 Micropaleontology 50 16 assemblages-; biostratigraphy-; biozones-; Carboniferous-; Central-Europe; correlation-; Europe-; floral-list; Great-Britain; microfossils-; miospores-; morphology-; Namurian-; Paleozoic-; palynomorphs-; Poland-; revision-; Silesian-coal-basin; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Western-Europe; Stratigraphy
Palaeontology Existing schemes for the palynozonation of the Namurian deposits in western Europe require updating to reflect improvements in both independent biostratigraphical calibration and species distribution data. New biozonation proposals are presented which include the accurate positioning of all biozonal boundaries and the establishment of new sub-biozonal units within the Pendleian - Alportian sections. The base of the renamed Cingulizonates cf capistratus - Bellispores nitidus (CN) Biozone is placed within the late Brigantian and a new unit , the C. cf. capistratus (Cc) Sub-Biozone, with an upper boundary coincident with the Visean - Namurian Stage boundary is proposed. The Pendleian part of the revised CN Biozone is established as the Verrucosisporites morulatus (Vm) Sub-Biozone. Additional data from the Lycospora subtriquetra - Kraeuselisporites ornatus (SO) Biozone, in the interval adjacent to the proposed Mid-Carboniferous Boundary, permits the establishment of L. subtriquetra - Apiculatisporis variocorneus (SV)Sub-Biozone in the upper part of the Arnsbergian Stage and the L. subtriquetra - Cirratriradites rarus (SR) Sub-Biozone which occupies the Chokierian and most of the Alportian stages. The base of the Crassispora kosankei - Grumosisporites varioreticulatus (KV) Biozone is repositioned into the upper part of the Alportian Stage. Comparable assemblages described from the Silesian Coal Basins of Poland are discussed and correlations between the palynozonations of both areas are suggested. UK; Eastern Europe
Carboniferous ?K Saunders, W.B.
Swan, A.R.H. 1984` Morphology and morphologic diversity of mid-Carboniferous (Namurian) ammonoids in time and space 195-228 Paleobiology 10 2 Ammonoidea-; biometry-; biostratigraphy-; Carboniferous-; causes-; Cephalopoda-; Commonwealth-of-Independent-States; diversity-; Europe-; Great-Britain; Invertebrata-; Middle-Carboniferous; Mollusca-; morphology-; Namurian-; North-American; paleontology-; Paleozoic-; patterns-; phylogeny-; principal-component-analysis; shell-geometry; Southern-Urals; statistical-analysis; succession-; taxonomy-; Tetrabranchiata-; United-Kingdom; Upper-Carboniferous; Urals-; USSR-; Western-Europe; Invertebrate-paleontology
Palaeontology Generic
Carboniferous
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Van der Zwan, K.J. 2010 Seismic interpretation of Dinantian carbonate platforms in the Netherlands; implications for the palaeogeographical and structural development of the Northwest European Carboniferous Basin 99-108" Journal of the Geological Society 167
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Hartkopf-Froeder, C. 20097 Conifers from the Santonian of Limburg, The Netherlands 483-495 Cretaceous Research 30 2
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Brinkhuis, H. 2009a Strong climate coupling of terrestrial and marine environments in the Miocene of northwest Europe 215-225# Earth and Planetary Science Letters 281 3-4F Miocene
land-sea coupling
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Holloway, S. 2009T A review of onshore UK salt deposits and their potential for underground gas storage 39-80Z Underground gas storage: worldwide experiences and future development in the UK and Europe 313 Evans, D.J.
Chadwick, R.A. London& Geological Society Special Publication Petroleum Geology UK Generic
? 4 Baykulov, M.
Brinka, H.-J.
Gajewskia, D.
Yoon, M.-K. 2009a Revisiting the structural setting of the Glueckstadt Graben salt stock family, North German Basin 162-172 Tectonophysics 470 Structural Geology Germany Permian @ @ H(2009)-2091142144/Baykulov et al. (2009).pdf? A Magri, F.
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Otto, R.
Thomsen, C.
Maiwald, U. 2009t Salty groundwater flow in the shallow and deep aquifer systems of the Schleswig–Holstein area (North German Basin) 183-194 Tectonophysics 470 Hydrogeology Germany Generic 8 h )-2259187200/Magri et al. (2009).pdf
? " Cacace, M.
Bayer, U.
Marotta, A.M. 2009 Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Central European Basin System (CEBS): Constraints from numerical modelling 105-128 Tectonophysics 470 Structural Geology Northwest Europe Cretaceous; Palaeogene < | 009)-3215092736/Cacace et al. (2009).pdf>? " Zwingmann, H.
Clauer, N.
Gaupp, R. 1999 Structure-related geochemical (REE) and isotopic (K-Ar, Rb-Sr, d18O) characteristics of clay minerals from Rotliegend sandstone reservoirs (Permian, northern Germany) 2805-2823 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63 18 Geochemistry Germany
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Gibling, M.R. 2009G Facies model for fluvial systems in the seasonal tropics and subtropics 623-626 Geology 37 7 Clastic sedimentology Generic Generic @ 9 t(2009)-1879517710/Fielding et al. (2009).pdf? i Gaviglio, P.
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Morgans-Bell, H.S. 2009v Late Jurassic palaeoclimatic change from clay mineralogy and gamma-ray spectrometry of the Kimmeridge Clay, Dorset, UK 1123-1133" Journal of the Geological Society 166 6 Climate UK Jurassic ? Jones, P.B.
Clark, D. 2009 A gravity collapse origin for the Hampshire Basin, and its effect on the petroleum system of the Wytch Farm and other oilfields in southern England 12 Reservoir 36 7 Petroleum Geology UK
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Cartwright, J.A.
Stewart, M.
Lappin, M.
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Stanjek, H.
Hilgers, C.
Etoudi, Y. 2007 Short-term hydrothermal effects on the 'crystallinities' of illite and chlorite in the footwall of the Aachen-Faille du Midi thrust fault - first results of the RWTH-1 drilling project 200-212 Clays and Clay Minerals 55 2
Mineralogy Germany Devonian < < i07)-1530180096/Sindern et al. (2007).pdf=? 9 Kazemeini, S.H.
Juhlin, C.
Zinck-Jorgensen, K.
Norden, B. 2009 Application of the continuous wavelet transform on seismic data for mapping of channel deposits and gas detection at the CO (sub 2) SINK site, Ketzin, Germany 111-123 Geophysical Prospecting 57 1
Geophysics Germany Generic ? Klompmaker, A. 2009 Taphonomic bias on drill-hole predation intensities and paleoecology of Pliocene mollusks from Langenboom (Mill), the Netherlands 772-779 Palaios 24 11
Palaeontology Netherlands Neogene ? Korn, D.
Kaufmann, B. 2009{ A high-resolution relative time scale for the Vise´an Stage (Carboniferous) of the Kulm Basin (Rhenish Mountains, Germany) 306-321 Geological Journal 44
Palaeontology Germany
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Spoetl, C. 2009 Palaeoenvironmental significance of carbon- and oxygen-isotope stratigraphy of marine Triassic-Jurassic boundary sections in SW Britain 431-445" Journal of the Geological Society 166 Palaeogeography UK Triassic ? Krzywiec, P. 2009 Devonian–Cretaceous repeated subsidence and uplift along the Teisseyre–Tornquist zone in SE Poland — Insight from seismic data interpretation 142-159 Tectonophysics 475 Warszawaq Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone
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Schramm, M
Bornemann, O.
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Yans, J. 2009u An Early Cretaceous lacustrine record; organic matter and organic carbon isotopes at Bernissart (Mons Basin, Belgium) 79-911 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 281 1-2 Organic geochemistry Belgium
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Scheck-Wenderoth, M.
Reicherter, K.
Mazur, S. 2009 Paleostress states at the south-western margin of the Central European Basin System — Application of fault-slip analysis to unravel a polyphase deformation pattern 129-146 Tectonophysics 470 Structural Geology Northwest Europe Mesozoic < i 09)-2158190848/Sippel et al. (2009).pdf 2? Spears, D.A.
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Carboniferous B? ^ Timmerman, M.J.
Heeremans, M.
Kirstein, L.A.
Larsen, B.T.
Spencer-Dunworth, E.-A.
Sundvoll, B. 2009s Linking changes in tectonic style with magmatism in northern Europe during the late Carboniferous to latest Permian 375-390 Tectonophysics 473 Magmatism Northwest Europe Carboniferous; Permian D t (2009)-2243077376/Timmerman et al. (2009).pdf ? % Tucker, M.E.
Gallagher, J.
Leng, M.J. 2009u Are beds in shelf carbonates millennial-scale cycles? An example from the mid-Carboniferous of northern England...... 19-34 Sedimentary Geology 214 1-4w Beds, Carboniferous, Yoredale cyclothems, Northern England, Milennial-scale cycles, Solar forcing, Milankovitch rhythms Carbonate sedimentology UK
Carboniferous < l09)-3232856576/Tucker et al. (2009).pdf B? = Van Gent, H.W.
Back, S.
Urai, J.L.
Kukla, P.A.
Reicherter, K. 2009k Paleostresses of the Groningen area, the Netherlands—Results of a seismic based structural reconstruction 147-161 Tectonophysics 470 Structural Geology We describe a novel workflow to reconstruct paleostresses in the subsurface where the traditional outcropbased
method that uses fault slip measurements is not possible. We use 3D seismic data and structural
restoration to determine fault surfaces and slip vectors. These data are then used as input for paleostressreconstruction
algorithms.
The study area of ca. 750 km2 is situated in the Groningen Block, the Netherlands. Excellent quality 3D
seismic data were used to interpret 11 horizons and approximately 80 faults between the Tertiary and the
Top Rotliegend. Indicators of fault slip direction are fault undulations, sedimentary structures offset by faults
and shapes of horizon cut-outs. These indicators were used as a basis of 3D restoration of the interpreted
horizons. A stepwise restoration approach was chosen that removed younger deformation to obtain slip
vectors for older deformation events. In a following work step, Numeric Dynamic Analysis (NDA) was used to
calculate paleostress tensors for the Middle and Lower Tertiary, Upper Cretaceous and Upper Rotliegend
sequences.
The results presented in this paper are consistent with existing paleostress interpretations for NW Europe;
however, in contrast to previous studies they are derived from a subsurface volume where paleostress
information was lacking until now. Issues that need further study include the effect of the size of the study
area on the assumptions of a homogenous stress field, and an analysis of the ambiguity of the interpretation
of fault slip indicators on 3D seismic data. Netherlands Permian; Mesozoic; Cenozoic @ }<(2009)-0614561536/Van Gent et al. (2009).pdf? R Wilkinson, M.
Haszeldine, R.S.
Fallick, A.E.
Odling, N.
Stoker, S.J.
Gatliff, R.W. 2009V CO2 -mineral reaction in a natural analogue for CO2 storage; implications for modeling 486-494 Journal of Sedimentary Research 79 7 GeochemistryS Geochemical models of CO (sub 2) injection into reservoir sandstones often predict the growth of minerals that will permanently store the CO (sub 2) in solid form, and injection experiments record significant fluctuations in porewater chemistry on a short time scale. Yet the proportion of CO (sub 2) reaction may be small, even over geological time scales. A southern North Sea (UK) gas accumulation with a high natural CO (sub 2) content (c. 50%) forms a natural analogue to engineered storage, and provides a calibration point for geochemical models of CO (sub 2) -rock reaction. In the analogue site, the carbonate mineral dawsonite has formed in only trace amounts (0.4+ or -0.3% solid volume) despite exposure to high levels of CO (sub 2) for 50 Myr or more. It is calculated that only 2.4 (+ or -0.9)% of the CO (sub 2) present within the structure is currently locked up as dawsonite, and a similar quantity in solution in the porewaters. Comparison of stable O and C isotopes with a neighboring field with low CO (sub 2) content gas suggests that up to 0.7 (+ or -2)% solid volume dolomite cement is associated with the CO (sub 2) charge, equivalent to 0-25% of the total CO (sub 2) . The remaining 70-95% of the CO (sub 2) is present as a free phase, after tens of millions of years. Consequently, geological storage of anthropogenic CO (sub 2) in reservoirs similar to the Rotliegend Group must rely on physical containment and not mineral sequestration. The Rotliegend Group is still an excellent candidate for a CO (sub 2) storage reservoir, though using physical trapping mechanisms and not chemical ones. Generic Generic ? 8 Woolhouse, G.
Andrews, J.E.
Marca-Bell, A.
Dennis, P.F. 2009O Geochemical constraints on the origin of enigmatic cemented chalks, Norfolk, UK 291-299 Geological Magazine 146 2
Diagenesis UK
Cretaceous @ +x2009)-1152082432/Woolhouse et al. (2009).pdf ?
Kockel, F. 2003V Inversion structures in Central Europe – Expressions and reasons, an open discussion 367-382# Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 82 4 Structural Geology Western Europe Generic , 878885/Kockel (2003).pdfTF? A Japsen, P.
Green, P.F.
Nielsen, L.H.
Rasmussen, E.S.
Bidstrup, T. 2007 Mesozoic-Cenozoic exhumation events in the eastern North Sea Basin: amulti-disciplinary study based on palaeothermal, palaeoburial, stratigraphic and seismic data Basin Research 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2007.00329.x Burial history Denmark Generic < 7)-1819286016/Japsen et al. (2007).pdf ? Duin, E.J.T.
Stavenga, T. 1999h Modelling Zechstein velocities in halokinetically disturbed areas using a 3D seismic amplitude attribute 387-392 First Break 17
Geophysics Netherlands Zechstein @ ` ?H1999)-0212866868/Duin & Stavenga (1999).pdfq? I Bachmann, G.H.
Voigt, T.
Bayer, U.
Von Eynatten, H.
Legler, B.
Littke, R. 2008P Depositional history and sedimentary cycles in the Central European Basin System 157-172N Dynamics of Complex Intracontinental Basins: The Central European Basin System. Littke, R.
Bayer, U.
Gajewski, D.
Nelskamp, S. Berlin Springer Geology Germany Generic @ S\
\(2008)-2478619153/Bachmann et al. (2008).pdf N? Durst, H. 1991L Aspects of exploration history and structural style in the Rhine graben area 247-261@ Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons 1
Spencer, A.M. BerlinJ Special Publication of the European Association of Petroleum Geoscientists Petroleum Geology Germany Generic , 5577745/Durst (1991).pdf ? ' Fabricius, I.L.
Røgen, B.
Gommesen, L. 2007 How depositional texture and diagenesis control petrophysical and elastic properties of samples from five North Sea chalk fields 81-95 Petroleum Geoscience 13 4
Diagenesis Denmark
Cretaceous
? * Henriet, J.P.
De Batist, M.
Verschuren, M. 1991v Early fracturing of Palaeogene clays, southernmost North Sea: relevance to mechanisms of primary hydrocarbon migration 217-227@ Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons 1
Spencer, A.M. BerlinJ Special Publication of the European Association of Petroleum Geoscientists Petroleum Geology Southern North Sea
Palaeogene @ D(1991)-1992146449/Henriet et al. (1991).pdf ? Kelepertsis, A. E. 1981e The geochemistry of uranium and thorium in some lower carboniferous sedimentary rocks (Great Britain) 275-288 Chemical Geology 34 3-4 Geochemistry@ Mass-spectrographic determination have been made on 32 limestones-dolostones and nine shales from the Lower Carboniferous succession of Anglesey Island. Uranium is found to be enriched in calcareous dark shales, which are rich in organic carbon, and were precipitated, in small amounts, in calcareous shales, pure shales and limestones/dolostones. In the carbonate rocks, U is associated principally with the soluble fraction, which represents the carbonate plus U loosely adsorbed on clay minerals. No correlation exists between U and organic carbon, and between U and phosphate. Analyses of the detrital and non-detrital fractions of twelve limestones showed that Th is mostly associated with the non-detrital fraction. Correlation tests between Th and K for 32 limestones showed that a median correlation exists between Th and K. UK
Carboniferous 8 % 1)-1054904884/Kelepertsis (1981).pdf?m 4 Krawczyk, C.M
Stiller, M
DEKORP-BASIN Research Group 1999b Reflection seismic constraints on Paleozoic crustal structure and Moho beneath the NE German Basin 241-253 Tectonophysics 314 1-3 Structural Geology Germany
Palaeozoic ?n Kukulus, M
Henk, A 1999= Tektonik und Sedimentation im nordwestlichen Saar-Nahe-Becken 154-156 Terra Nostra 99 Structural Geology Germany Generic ?
K Pasternak, M.
Kosinowski, M.
Losch, J.
Messner, J.
Meyer, H.-J.
Sedlack, R. 20018 Erdöl und Erdgas in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 2000 53 Hannover0 Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforschung Petroleum Geology Germany Generic @ 2001)-1488895249/Pasternak et al. (2001).pdf? A Pedersen, J.H.
Karlsen, D.A.
Lie, J.E.
Brunstad, H.
Di Primio, R. 2006e Maturity and source-rock potential of Palaeozoic sediments in the NW European Northern Permian Basin 13-28 Petroleum Geoscience 12 1 Petroleum Geology North Sea
Palaeozoic ? Petersen, H.I.
Nytoft, H.P. 2007 Assessment of the petroleum generation potential of Lower Carboniferous coals, North Sea: evidence for inherently gas pronesource rocks 271-285 Petroleum Geoscience 13 3 Petroleum Geology Denmark
Carboniferous ? Schlager, W.
Reijmer, J.J.G. 2009O Carbonate platform slopes of the Alpine Triassic and the Neogene - a comparison 4-14" Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences 102 Carbonate sedimentology Central Europe Generic H p %er (2009)-2494116358/Schlager & Reijmer (2009).pdf ? Schuler, S.
Santos, R. 19968 Fraced horizontal well shows potential of deep tight gas 46-53 Oil and Gas Journal 94 2 Engineering Geology Germany
Rotliegend D l x (1996)-1522516241/Schuler & Santos (1996).doc ? Underhill, J.R. 2009~ Role of intrusion-induced salt mobility in controlling the formation of the enigmatic Silverpit Crater, UK Southern North Sea 197-216 Petroleum Geoscience 15 3 Structural Geology UK North Sea
Rotliegend
? % Underhill, J.R.
Lykakis, N
Salman, S. 2009X Turning exploration risk into a carbon storage opportunity in the UK Southern North Sea 291-304 Petroleum Geoscience 15 4 Petroleum Geology UK North Sea
Rotliegend D l ,l. (2009)-0514781184/Underhill et al. (2009).pdf
?
Whaley, J. 20062 Time to redevelop an \abandoned European oilfield? 34-38 GEO ExPro Petroleum Geology Netherlands
Cretaceous 0 639973137/Whaley (2006).pdf
? Giardani, D. 2009$ Geothermal quake risks must be faced 848-849 Nature 462 Geothermics Generic Generic ` " xgeothermal quake risks-3619856913/Giardini, 2009, geothermal quake risks.pdf? Autin, W.J. 2008 Stratigraphic analysis and paleoenvironmental implications of the Wijchen Member in the lower Rhine-Meuse Valley of the Netherlands 291-308" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 87 4 Clastic sedimentology Netherlands
Quaternary ,
1p665760/Autin (2008).pdf ? 8 Avseth, P.
Jorstad, A.
Van Wijngaarden, A.-J.
Mavko, G. 2009[ Rock physics estimation of cement volume, sorting, and net-to-gross in North Sea sandstones 98-108 The Leading Edge 28
Geophysics North Sea Generic
? ? Bos, J.A.A.
Dambeck, R.
Kalis, A.J.
Schweizer, A.
Thiemeyer, H. 2008 Palaeoenvironmental changes and vegetation history of the northern Upper Rhine Graben (southwestern Germany) since the Lateglacial 67-90" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 87 1
Palaeontologyr The vegetation of the northern Upper Rhine Graben (southwestern Germany) is reconstructed for the end of the Lateglacial and the Holocene by means of palynological analyses in combination with AMS 14C dating. Analogous to adjacent lowland areas, the Younger Dryas climatic deterioration did not result in a complete deforestation of the area and open pine woodlands with locally birch stands and shrubs persisted. A subdivision of the Younger Dryas period, into a humid first phase, followed by a dry second phase was also reflected in our records. For the Holocene, the pollen diagrams show two regionally different vegetation developments, related to substrate and variations in annual precipitation: in the south the ‘classical’ succession of pine then hazel is followed by other deciduous trees, whereas in the northern part, pine kept its dominance far into the Subboreal. Germany
Quaternary 8 l 8)-0016234912/Bos et al. (2008).pdf K? H Davis, C.
Haughton, P.
McCaffrey, W.
Scott, E.
Hogg, N.
Kitching, D. 2009 Character and distribution of hybrid sediment gravity flow deposits from the outer Forties Fan, Palaeocene Central North Sea, UKCS 1919-1939 Marine and Petroleum Geology 26 10 Clastic sedimentology UK North Sea
Palaeogene ? Demoulin, A.
Hallot, E. 2009i Shape and amount of the Quaternary uplift of the western Rhenish shield and the Ardennes (western Europe) 696-708 Tectonophysics 474 3-4 Structural Geology A good evaluation of the Quaternary uplift of the Rhenish shield is a key element for the understanding of the Cenozoic geodynamics of the western European platform in front of the alpine arc. Previous maps of the massif uplift relied on fluvial incision data since the time of the rivers' Younger Main Terrace to infer a maximum post-0.73 Ma uplift of nearly equal 290 m in the SE Eifel. Here, we propose a new interpretation of the incision data of the intra-massif streams, where anomalies in the terrace profiles would result from knickpoint retreat in the tributaries of the main rivers rather than from tectonic deformation. We also use additional geomorphological data referring to (1) deformed Tertiary planation surfaces, (2) the history of stream piracy that severely affected the Meuse basin in the last 1 Ma, and (3) incision data outside the Rhenish shield. A new map of the post-0.73 Ma uplift of the Rhenish shield is drawn on the basis of this enlarged dataset. It reduces the maximum amount of tectonic uplift in the SE Eifel to nearly equal 140 m and modifies the general shape of the uplift, namely straightening its E-W profile. It is also suggested that an uplift wave migrated across the massif, starting from its southern margin in the early Pleistocene and currently showing the highest intensity of uplift in the northern Ardennes and Eifel. These features seem to favour an uplift mechanism chiefly related to lithospheric folding and minimize the impact on the topography of a more local Eifel plume. Germany; Belgium
Quaternary ? $ Dyke, G.J.
Schulp, A.S.
Jagt, J.W.M. 2008O Geo (Im)pulse. Bird remains from the Maastrichtian type area (Late Cretaceous) 353-358" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 87 4
Palaeontology Remains of Late Cretaceous birds are rare, which is especially true for Europe and the type area of the Maastrichtian Stage (southeast Netherlands, northeast Belgium) in particular. In the present paper, we record new remains (isolated tarsometatarsus and radius) that document the presence of both enantiornithine and ornithurine birds in the Maastrichtian area. These fossils, although fragmentary, are important in view of their stratigraphic age: all bird remains discovered to date in the Maastricht area are amongst the youngest ‘non-modern’ avians known, originating from strata deposited less than 500,000 years prior to the end of the Cretaceous Period. Netherlands
Cretaceous 8 P -1929312672/Dyke et al. (2008).pdf ?
Erkens, G. 2009o Sediment dynamics in the Rhine catchment. Quantification of fluvial response to climate change and human impact 278 Utrecht Utrecht University Palaeogeography Netherlands; Germany
Quaternary ? \ Gray, N.D.
Sherry, A.
Larter, S.R.
Erdmann, M.
Leyris, J.
Liengen, T.
Beeder, J.
Head, I.M. 2009W Biogenic methane production in formation waters from a large gas field in the North Sea 511-519
Extremophiles 13 3 Petroleum Geology North Sea Cenozoic 8 @)-1469076736/Gray et al. (2009).pdf ? ! + Hassenkam, T.
Skovbjerg, L.L.
Stipp, S.L.S. 2009^ Probing the intrinsically oil-west surfaces of pores in North Sea chalk at sub-pore resolution A500 Goldschmidt Conference 2009 Petroleum Geology North Sea
Cretaceous ? Hijma, M. 2009m From river valley to estuary. The early-mid Holocene transgression of the Rhine-Meuse valley, The Netherlands 192 Utrecht Utrecht University Palaeogeography Netherlands
Quaternary ~? F Hijma, M.
Cohen, K.M.
Hoffmann, G.
Van der Spek, A.J.F.
Stouthamer, E. 2009 From river valley to estuary: the evolution of the Rhine mouth in the early to middle Holocene (western Netherlands, Rhine-Meuse delta) 13-54" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 88 1 Palaeogeography2 The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the evolution of the early to middle Holocene Rhine-Meuse river mouths in the western Netherlands and to understand the observed spatial and temporal changes in facies. This is achieved by constructing three delta wide cross-sections using a newly accumulated database with thousands of core descriptions and cone penetration test results, together with a large set of pollen/diatom analyses and OSL/14C-dates. Most of the studied deposits accumulated in the fluvial-to-marine transition zone, a highly complex area due to the interaction of terrestrial and marine processes. Understanding how the facies change within this zone, is necessary to make correct palaeogeographic interpretations.
We find a well preserved early to middle Holocene coastal prism resting on lowstand valley floors. Aggradation started after 9 ka cal BP as a result of rapid sea-level rise. Around 8 ka most parts of the study area were permanently flooded and under tidal influence. After 8 ka a bay-head delta was formed near Delft, meaning that little sand could reach the North Sea. Several subsequent avulsions resulted in a shift from the constantly retreating Rhine river mouth to the north. When after 6.5 ka the most northerly river course was formed (Oude Rijn), the central part of the palaeovalley was quickly transgressed and transformed into a large tidal basin. Shortly before 6 ka retrogradation of the coastline halted and tidal inlets began to close, marking the end of the early-middle Holocene transgression.
This paper describes the transition from a fluvial valley to an estuary in unprecedented detail and enables more precise palaeo-reconstructions, evaluation of relative importance of fluvial and coastal processes in rapid transgressed river mouths, and more accurate sediment-budget calculations. The described and well illustrated (changes in) facies are coupled to lithogenetic units. This will aid detailed palaeogeographic interpretations from sedimentary successions, not only in the Netherlands, but also in other estuarine and deltaic regions. Netherlands
Quaternary <
F 09)-0140221089/Hijma et al. (2009).pdf 2? # Hofmann, M.
Voigt, T.
Linnemann, U. 2009{ The sands of Pangea; U-Pb-LA-ICP-MS geochronology of detrital zircon grains; a case study of the Mesozoic of Central Europe 140@ Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 63 Palaeogeography Central Europe Mesozoic ? Jackson, C.A.L.
Larsen, E. 2009 Temporal and spatial development of a gravity-driven normal fault array; Middle-Upper Jurassic, South Viking Graben, northern North Sea 388-402 Journal of Structural Geology 31 4 Structural Geology Three-dimensional seismic and well data from the South Viking Graben, northern North Sea Basin, is used to investigate the temporal and spatial development of a gravity-driven normal fault array above an evaporite-rich detachment. Two moderate throw (500-900m), Middle to Upper Jurassic normal faults (the Gudrun and Brynhild Faults) are developed within the study area. Both faults die-out laterally and tip-out upwards at different structural levels within the syn-rift succession. Both faults terminate downwards into Late Permian evaporites (Zechstein Group) and do not offset pre-evaporite basement units. This thin-skinned fault array developed in response to westwards tilting of the hangingwall of the South Viking Graben during Late Jurassic rifting, and consequent westward gliding and extensional break-up of units above the mechanically-weak evaporite horizon. Isochron mapping and well-based correlation of Middle to Upper Jurassic syn-rift units allow constraints to be placed on the temporal evolution of the fault array. Several stages of structural development are observed which document; (i) a period of relatively minor, early (i.e. pre-rift) halokinesis; (ii) variable spatial activity on individual faults within the array; and (iii) the progressive upslope migration of active faulting within the array as a whole. The progressive upslope migration of fault activity is interpreted to reflect progressive "unbuttressing" and extensional faulting of upslope, post-evaporite units. The overall structural style and kinematic evolution identified here shares many characteristics with both 'rift-raft tectonics' documented in other rifts developed above an evaporitic sub-stratum and 'raft tectonics' described from passive margin basins containing thick mobile salt or shale intervals. This style of fault array evolution differs from that observed in rifts lacking mobile layers at-depth and highlights the importance of these units in the structural development of rifts. NO North Sea Jurassic? Kemna, H.A. 2008c A Revised Stratigraphy for the Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene Deposits of the Lower Rhine Embayment 91-105" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 87 1 Stratigraphy The Plio-Pleistocene succession in the Lower Rhine Embayment was subjected to a thorough revision of existing stratigraphic concepts. The deposits were studied at key sites in the type area near Venlo and in the large open-cast mine Hambach in the southern part of the Lower Rhine Embayment by means of sedimentological, petrographical, as well as palaeo- and rockmagnetic methods.
The work has yielded improved insights of the drainage pattern and the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene depositional history of the region. As a result, a new comprehensive lithostratigraphical framework has been established.
Study of the succession at Hambach showed the occurrence of deposits of the Rhine, Meuse and a local river in the Lower Pleistocene part of the succession. Paleo- and rockmagnetic studies of the deposits marking the transition from Pliocene to Pleistocene indicate that the Gauss- Matuyama magnetic reversal occurs several meters above the top of the Reuver Clay at Hambach.
The study of the Lower Pleistocene succession in the type area has confirmed the recently new established lithostratigraphic framework of the Netherlands. As a consequence, the previous Dutch lithostratigraphic system which forms the basis of the chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene of NW Europe has been proven to be inappropriate and should be abandoned. This chronostratigraphic framework is based on the interpretation of palynological data and was first established in the Netherlands during the 1960s. The new lithostratigraphic concept has revealed numerous contradictions with the chronostratigraphic framework. Based on these results it is proposed to abandon the chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Early Pleistocene in northwestern Europe. Germany Cenozoic , 14944/Kemna (2008).pdf ? Knipping, M. 2008r Early and Middle Pleistocene pollen assemblages of deep core drillings in the northern Upper Rhine Graben, Germany 51-65" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 87 1
Palaeontology Recent core drillings, carried out during water-economic exploration in the area of Mannheim/Ludwigshafen/Schifferstadt (Rhine-Neckar region, Germany), have produced a more differentiated stratigraphic division of the Pleistocene sediments of the northern Upper Rhine Graben. Pollen analytical investigations as well as malacological, heavy mineral, palaeomagnetic and lithological research have led to a stratigraphic reinterpretation of the gravel layers and intermediate horizons. Based on the results of the pollen analyses, the Mannheim interglacial period in the upper intermediate horizon (Oberer Zwischenhorizont, OZH) cannot be assigned to the Eemian as stated earlier. The occurrence of Fagus, Celtis and Azolla, along with the results of malacological analyses, indicate a Cromerian age for the Mannheim Interglacial. In addition, a pollen sequence from a different interglacial in the core sediments from Schifferstadt could also be assigned to the Cromerian. The Schifferstadt Interglacial is divided into a lower optimum phase with high values of Ulmus, Quercus and Corylus while Carpinus is completely absent, and an upper optimum phase with low values of Carpinus. Fagus is absent in the whole sequence. The OZH comprises not only the two interglacial pollen sequences described above but also parts of at least four Middle Pleistocene Interglacials. In the lower part of the drillings in Schifferstadt and Ludwigshafen, which are assigned to the Early Pleistocene, pollen assemblages with Fagus are likely to correlate with parts of the Tiglian A substage. There is a clear change to a Tertiary type of pollen flora at 91 m at Schifferstadt and at 186 m in Ludwigshafen. Germany
Quaternary 4 .T ` 1055974820/Knipping (2008).pdf ? * Makaske, B.
Maas, G.J.
Van Smeerdijk, D.G. 2008) The age and origin of the Gelderse IJssel 323-338" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 87 4 Palaeogeography Netherlands
Quaternary < ] |08)-4064084133/Makaske et al. (2008).pdf
? Preusser, F. 20088 Characterisation and evolution of the River Rhine system 7-19" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 87 1 Palaeogeography+
The River Rhine and its tributaries represent one of the largest drainage systems in Europe. Its prominence among other fluvial systems is due to the location of its headwaters within the central Swiss Alps, which were repeatedly glaciated during the Quaternary, and the concurrence of major parts of the River Rhine course with the European Cenozoic Rift System. Sediments of the Rhine have thus recorded both changes in climate and tectonic activity as well as sea level change in the lower part of the river course.
The River Rhine is composed of different subdivisions characterised by distinct geographical and geological settings. Vorder- and Hinterrhein in the headwaters are inner-alpine rivers frequently influenced in their course by tectonic lines and the blockage of valley floors by the deposits of mass movements. The Alpenrhein is located in a main Alpine valley that drains into a large foreland basin, the Bodensee (Lake Constance). The Hochrhein flows out of the lake following the Jura Mountains in a western direction. All these areas display a series of geological features such as moraine ridges and outwash plains, which directly reflect Quaternary glaciations of the Alps. The Oberrhein (Upper Rhine) Valley, as a graben structure, is part of the rifting system that started to develop during the middle Tertiary. The northern end of the graben is represented by the triple junction of the Mainz Basin, which is mainly characterised by the remains of marine transgressions that occurred during the initial rifting phase. The Rhine continues following the western branch of the tectonic system by passing through the Rhenish Massif. Uplift in this socalled Mittelrhein (Middle Rhine) area is well documented by a flight of late Tertiary to Quaternary river terraces. This region is also characterised by young volcanic activity as found, for example, in the Eifel volcanic field. The Niederheinische Bucht (Lower Rhine Embayment), especially the Roer Valley Rift System, represents the northern continuation of the rifting system. This area is characterised by differential uplift in the southern and subsidence in the northern part of the basin, which continues into the Netherlands. Here, the main stream of the River Rhine is separated into different branches developing an active delta at the coast of the North Sea. When the North Sea Basin was covered by ice during the Elsterian, Saalian and probably also the Weichselian glaciation and global sea level was low, the Rhine continued its course through the English Channel and flowed into the North Atlantic off Brittany. Western Europe Cenozoic 0 ƌ 71548068/Preusser (2008).pdfv? % Rolf, C.
Hambach, U.
Weidenfeller, M. 2008 Rock and palaeomagnetic evidence for the Plio-Pleistocene palaeoclimatic change recorded in Upper Rhine Graben sediments (Core Ludwigshafen-Parkinsel) 41-50" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 87 1 ClimateJ This paper summarizes results of magnetostratigraphic and rock magnetic investigations performed on fluvial sediments from the Ludwigshafen-Parkinsel drilling project (Upper Rhine Graben (URG) Germany). The drilling penetrated into Pleistocene gravel, sand, silt and clay, and unconsolidated Pliocene deposits. Its primary objective was the exploration of groundwater resources in the area of Ludwigshafen. Our rock magnetic investigations together with results of heavy mineral analyses (see Hagedorn & Boenigk, 2008) show a clearly structured sediment profile. It was possible to identify the change from mainly locally controlled sedimentation from the Graben margins to a more distinct Alpine controlled sedimentation at a depth of 177 m by magnetic data. Based on lithostratigraphic correlation with other sedimentary records from the URG and also based on palynological evidence, this event happened at the end of Late Pliocene during a time of normal polarity of the Earth’s magnetic field (Gauss Chron?). The well-documented characteristic change in magneto-mineralogy from goethite to greigite almost at the same stratigraphic level, we interpret solely as a climatic signal which can be correlated with the global climate change at ~2.5 Ma that is well documented in a wide range of sedimentary environments (e.g. deep-sea sediments, loess). Germany Cenozoic 8
(8)-1710899876/Rolf et al. (2008).pdf D? ! Schoener, R.
Gaupp, R. 2009a Petroleum migration controls mineral reactions in Permian red beds, Central European Basin System Goldschmidt Conference 2009
Diagenesis Western Europe
Rotliegend @ yD (2009)-0899647488/Schoner & Gaupp (2009).pdf ? ! 7 Skovbjerg, L.L.
Hassenkam, T.
Balogh, Z.
Stipp, S.L.S. 2009C Internal surfaces of North Sea chalk imaged and probed with AFM/AFS A1235 Goldschmidt Conference 2009 Geochemistry North Sea
Cretaceous ? F Stokkendal, J.
Friis, H.
Svendsen, J.B.
Poulsen, M.L.K.
Hamberg, L. 2009k Predictive permeability variations in a Hermod sand reservoir, Stine Segments, Siri Field, Danish North Sea 379-415 Marine and Petroleum Geology 26 3 Petroleum Geologyj The Hermod sand of the Stine Segments, Siri Field, Danish North Sea, displays large permeability variations (1-600mD). These permeability variations represent horizontal layering in the reservoir, largely formed by diagenetic processes. They have a significant impact on reservoir performance, because horizontal producers in fairly thin reservoirs ( nearly equal 30m) are protected against bottom-water influx and can produce water-free for long periods of time. This paper presents the results of a detailed multidisciplinary study where the observed variation in permeability can be explained by two main diagenetic phases: silica, as opal cement and microquartz, and berthierine, a serpentine mineral that is closely related to chlorite. Opal/microquartz and berthierine cements dominate in separate parts of the reservoir bodies. Opal/microquartz cemented sands have high permeability (typically 500-600mD). Berthierine cement has a different growth pattern in the oil and water zones, resulting in intermediate permeability in the oil zone (typically 50-100mD) and very low permeability in the water zone (typically 1-10mD). Denmark Cenozoic D } (2009)-0733273088/Stokkendal et al. (2009).pdf ? Van Bergen, F. 2009c Effect of coal matrix swelling on enhanced coalbed methane production. A field and laboratory study 196 Utrecht Utrecht University Geochemistry Generic Generic ? T Van Waveren, I.M.
Abbink, O.A.
Van Hoof, T.B.
Van Konijnenburg - van Cittert, J.H.A. 2008 Revision of the late Carboniferous megaflora from the De Lutte-06 well (Twente, the Netherlands), and its stratigraphical implications 339-352" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 87 4
Palaeontology Biostratigraphical re-analysis of palaeobotanical data from the De Lutte-06 well clarifies an earlier controversy regarding the stratigraphical interpretation of this well based on palaeobotanical and palynological analysis. Previous biostratigraphical studies suggested an early Westphalian D age for the major part of the De Lutte formation, with only at the topmost part of the well remnants of presumable but unconfirmed Stephanian deposits. New identifications of palaeobotanical samples illustrate the presence of plant macrofossil assemblages in the De Lutte Formation characteristic for the latest Westphalian D to the Stephanian B-C. These new palaeobotanical insights, therefore, confirm a younger age for the De Lutte Formation and are more in line with the earlier palynological observations from the De Lutte-06 well that suggested that the recovered palynofloras resembled typical Stephanian associations. Netherlands
Carboniferous H l. (2008)-3297408165/Van Waveren et al. (2008).pdf ?
? Weidenfeller, M.
Kärcher, T. 2008 Tectonic influence on fluvial preservation: aspects of the architecture of Middle and Late Pleistocene sediments in the northern Upper Rhine Graben, Germany 33-40" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 87 1 Geology Recent carried out core drillings in the Ludwigshafen/Speyer area permit an improved stratigrahical differentiation of the Plio-Pleistocene deposits in the northern Upper Rhine Graben. Lithofacies analysis, pollen analysis, heavy mineral analysis, and palaeomagnetical results, lead to a subdivision of ’Kieslager‘ (gravel-layers) and ’Zwischenhorizonte‘ (interlayers). In the scope of geological mapping near Mannheim and Speyer, the genesis and the stratigraphic position of Middle and Late Pleistocene fluvial terraces was re-assessed (‘Frankenthaler Terrasse’). The terrace has a complex composition, marking two phases of accretion followed by abandonment: a first phase took place in (Elsterian? to) Saalian times, the second phase during the Weichselian. Tectonism further complicates the sequence, in particular in the area between Ludwigshafen and Speyer, which is the SW rim of the ’Heidelberger Loch‘-structure. In this area ’terraces‘ occur they are the result of faulting rather than fluvial dissection alone. Germany
Quaternary P j Eärcher (2008)-1828250788/Weidenfeller & Kärcher (2008).pdf
? ( Westerhoff, W.E.
Kemna, H.A.
Boenigk, W. 2008 The confluence area of Rhine, Meuse, and Belgian rivers: Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene fluvial history of the northern Lower Rhine Embayment 107-125" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 87 1 PalaeogeographyR The fluvial history of the northern Lower Rhine Embayment shows interplay of three main river systems: Rhine, Meuse and smaller rivers draining the central and northern part of Belgium.
The Pliocene and Early Pleistocene (pre-)Rhine and Meuse river systems had their conjunction in the southern part of the Roer Valley Graben between Aachen and Jülich. Despite slight differences in the heavy-mineral assemblages the lithological composition of the Pliocene deposits of the three river systems shows close resemblance and therefore they cannot be mapped separately. However, due to a marked change of the petrographical composition the Upper Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene deposits of the Rhine are easily recognised and as a result Rhine and Meuse deposits can be mapped separately upstream of their confluence.
The Lower Pleistocene deposits of Rhine, Meuse and the Belgian rivers show a clear interrelationship. They are bounded by two regional wellmapable unconformities and are preserved in from west to east changing lithostratigraphical sequences. Revision of the lithostratigraphical schemes in Germany and the Netherlands and the better defined lithostratigraphical position of Meuse deposits in Germany now strongly constrain the correlation of the various fluvial deposits. As a result existing reconstructions of the fluvial deposition and tectonic history of the southern Roer Valley Graben can be evaluated and re-adjusted.
It is concluded that the main course of the Meuse was aligned through the so-called East Meuse valley during the larger part of the Early Pleistocene. Available pollen data do not conflict with this conclusion. At the same time the Rhine ceased to enter the southern part of the Roer Valley Graben. Instead, the Meuse accumulated here a series of deposits derived from the East-Meuse valley. Simultaneously, the Belgian rivers filled available accommodation space in the Roer Valley Graben of the southern Netherlands. The conclusions are based primarily on the revised lithostratigraphical framework. In general they simplify the picture of fluvial and tectonic behaviour of the area. Netherlands; Germany Neogene D
4 . (2008)-1755798785/Westerhoff et al. (2008).pdf
? Wijnker, E.
Bor, T.J.
Wesselingh, F.P.
Munsterman, D.K.
Brinkhuis, H.
Burger, A.W.
Vonhof, H.B.
Post, K.
Hoedemakers, K.
Janse, A.C.
Taverne, N. 2008P Neogene stratigraphy of the Langenboom locality (Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands) 165-180" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 87 2 Stratigraphye The locality of Langenboom (eastern Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands), also known as Mill, is famous for its Neogene molluscs, shark teeth, teleost remains, birds and marine mammals. The stratigraphic context of the fossils, which have been collected from sand suppletions, was hitherto poorly understood. Here we report on a section which has been sampled by divers in the adjacent flooded sandpit ‘De Kuilen’ from which the Langenboom sands have been extracted. The studied section covers part of the marine Miocene Breda Formation and Pliocene Oosterhout Formation, and is topped by fluvial Quaternary deposits of presumably the Beegden Formation. The Breda Formation (15 - 18 m below lake surface) in this section is, based on organic walled dinoflagellate cysts, of an early-middle Tortonian age. The Oosterhout Formation (7 - 15 m below lake surface) comprises two depositional sequences, the lower of which (12 - 15 m below lake surface) presumably is the source of most Langenboom fossils. Combined dinoflagellate cyst and benthic mollusc indicators point to an early Zanclean – early Piacenzian age for this lower cycle. Its basal transgressive lag and (to lesser extent) top comprise reworked Tortonian taxa as well. Dinoflagellate cysts and a single benthic mollusc point to a Piacenzian age for the upper Oosterhout Formation sequence (7 - 12 m below lake surface). Netherlands Neogene @ P(2008)-4018908581/Wijnker et al. (2008).pdf h? m Oldenburg, C.M. 2008~ Screening and ranking framework for geologic CO2 storage site selection on the basis of health, safety, and environmental risk 1687-1694 Environmental Geology 54 Engineering Geology Generic Generic 4
yl
z113705728/Oldenburg (2008).pdf ? Muchez, P.
Peeters, C. 1986j The occurrence of a cryptalgal reef structure in the upper visean of the Vise area (The Richelle Quarries) 573-577/ Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique T 109 Carbonate sedimentology Belgium
Carboniferous D
dnnales-3037946368/MuchezPeeters1986Annales.pdf ? , Muchez, P.
Viaene, W.
Wolf, M.
Bouckaert, J. 1987f Sedimentology, coalification pattern and paleogeography of the Campine-Brabant Basin during the Visean 313-326 Geologie en Mijnbouw 66 Carbonate sedimentology Belgium
Carboniferous @ Mijnb-0488038656/Muchezetal1987GeolMijnb.pdf ? Corcoran, D.V.
Doré, A.G. 2005b A review of techniques for the estimation of magnitude and timing of exhumation in offshore basins 129-168 Earth-Science Reviews 72 Structural Geology Generic Generic @ 02005)-3893569661/Corcoran & Doré (2005).pdf=? Dalrymple, R.W.
Kyungsik, C. 2007 Morphologic and facies trends through the fluvial–marine transition in tide-dominated depositional systems: A schematic framework for environmental and sequence-stratigraphic interpretation 135-174 Earth-Science Reviews 81 Stratigraphy Generic Generic 4 7.0 km s (super -1) ) along most of the P4 profile. However, lower values to the southwest may indicate the termination of Baltica. High velocity ( nearly equal 8.35 km s (super -1) ) uppermost mantle lies beneath the Avalonia/Variscan terranes, and may be due to rifting and/or subduction. The seismic lithosphere thickness for the EEC is about 200 km, while it is only 90 km in the Palaeozoic platform (PP). The mantle transition zone is shallower and about 30 km thicker under the EEC, which could be due to thermal conditions (lower temperature) and/or the presence of water and FeO. The result of this paper is a new compiled and integrated seismic velocity model, available in digital form down to 900 km depth (http://www.igf.fuw.edu.pl/p4-mantle), which can be used as a preliminary model of the crust and upper mantle in the TESZ area in Central Europe.
Western Europe
Palaeozoic
?
# Johnston, S.T.
Gutierrez-Alonso, G. 2009s The North American Cordillera and West European Variscides: Contrasting interpretations of similar mountain systems 516-525 Gondwana Research 17 2-3 Structural Geology Western Europe
Palaeozoic X c / rrez-Alonso (2010)-2721278978/Johnston & Gutierrez-Alonso (2010).pdf ?
Ehlers, J. 1990M Reconstructing the dynamics of the north-west European Pleistocene ice-sheets 71-83 Quaternary Science Reviews 9 Geology Western Europe
Quaternary ? & Ehlers, J.
Meyer, K.-D.
Stephan, H.-J. 19841 Pre-Weichselian glaciations of north-west Germany 255-265 Journal of Quaternary Science 4 3 Geology Germany
Quaternary 3
?
H Herngreen, G.F.W.
Van Konijnenburg - van Cittert, J.H.A.
Oosterink, H.W. 2005x New geological data (Middle Triassic, Rhaetian-Liassic and Oligocene) of the Winterswijk quarry, the eastern Netherlands 409-413" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 84 4 Geology Netherlands Triassic D
(. (2005)-1329785344/Herngreen et al. (2005).pdf
D? ! / Back, S.
Van Gent, H.W.
Reuning, L.
Kukla, P.A. 2009j Seismic Character of Tectonically Controlled Sedimentation in the Upper Cretaceous Chalk, Danish North Sea EAGE Amsterdam Geology Denmark
Cretaceous 8
]9)-3042974465/Back et al. (2009).pdfG
? ( Badley, M.E.
Price, J.D.
Backshall, L.C. 1989b Inversion, reactivated faults and related structures: seismic examples from the southern North Sea 201-219 Inversion Tectonics 44 Cooper, M.A.
Williams, G.D. London& Geological Society Special Publication Structural Geology UK North Sea Generic <
\( 989)-0291803393/Badley et al (1989).pdf ? " Best, G.
Kockel, F.
Schoeneich, H. 1983. Geological history of the southern Horn Graben 25-33 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Geology Germany Generic 8 \| )-1583824385/Best et al (1983).pdf ? 1 Cleal, C.J.
Oplustil, S.
Thomas, B.A.
Tenchov, Y. 2009O Late Moscovian terrestrial biotas and palaeoenvironments of Variscan Euramerica 181-278" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 88 4 Geology Northwest Europe
Carboniferous 8 [@ d)-1634353921/Cleal et al. (2009).pdf ? * De Groot, Th.
Cleveringa, P.
Klijnstra, B. 1987V Frost-mound scars and the evolution of a Late Dryas environment (northern Netherlands) 239-250 Geologie en Mijnbouw 66 Clastic sedimentology Netherlands
Quaternary @
T 1987)-0341446150/De Groot et al. (1987).pdf @? Barnasch, J. 2009 Der Keuper im Westteil des Zentraleuropäischen Beckens (Deutschland, Niederlande, England, Dänemark): diskontinuierliche Sedimentation, Litho-, Zyklo- und Sequenzstratigraphie 262 Halle+ Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Stratigraphy Northwest Europe Triassic 0 M 62710785/Barnasch (2009).pdf ? Buurman, P.
Janssen, A.W. 1983r The stratigraphic position of the enigmatic Tertiary deposits called Holset sands, and of related snads in Belgium 431-436 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Stratigraphy Belgium Cenozoic H Y |en (1983)-1411503872/Buurman and Janssen (1983).pdf ? De Gans, W. 1983^ Lithology, stratigraphy, and palynology of Holocene deposits in the Drentsche Aa valley system 285-295 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Geology Netherlands
Quaternary 0
0 1564416/De Gans (1983).pdf ?
Graversen, O. 2004o Upper Triassic - Cretaceous stratigraphy and structural inversion offshore SW Bornholm, Tornquist Zone, Denmark 111-136- Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 51 Geology Denmark Mesozoic 4 Ϡ _(-2485691648/Graversen (2004).pdf? 6 Marcussen, Ø.
Faleide, J.I.
Jahren, J.
Bjørlykke, K. 2010s Mudstone compaction curves in basin modelling: a study of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sediments in the northern North Sea 324-340 Basin Research 22 Burial history Northern North Sea Generic @
+2010)-2823115776/Marcussen et al (2010).pdf
? j q Mazur, S.
Kröner, A.
Szczepański, J.
Turniak, K.
Hanžl, P.
Melichar, R.
Rodionov, N.
Paderin, I.
Sergeev, S.A. 2010 Single zircon U–Pb ages and geochemistry of granitoid gneisses from SW Poland: evidence for an Avalonian affinity of the Brunian microcontinent 508-526 Geological Magazine 4 Geology Poland
Palaeozoic < "010)-3276784128/Mazur et al. (2010).pdf ? De Vries, J.J. 2007 Groundwater 295-315 Geology of the Netherlands' Wong, Th.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
De Jager, J. Amsterdam( Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences Geology Netherlands Generic 0
659600128/De Vries (2007).pdf)? Jungerius, P.D.
Wiggers, A.J. 1983 Geomorphological significance of paleosol analysis; a case study of a drift sand section with fossil podzols on the ice-pushed ridge west of Uelsen, W. Germany 537-544 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Clastic sedimentology Germany
Quaternary L 4gers (1983)-3894211332/Jungerius and Wiggers (1983).pdf ? Hurst, C. 19835 Petroleum geology of the Gorm field, Danish North Sea 157-168 Geologie en Mijnbouw Petroleum Geology Denmark
Cretaceous , \ 9685636/Hurst (1983).pdf
?" 7 Armour, A.
Bathurst, P.
Evans D.
Gammage, J.
Hickey, C. 2003M The Millennium Atlas, Petroleum Geology of the Central and Northern North sea 389 London The Geological Society of London Oil-and-gas-fields Petroleum Geology North Sea Generic < 003)-1898858501/Armour et al.(2003).pdf
?#
Koch, J.O. 1983J Sedimentology of Middle and Upper Jurassic sandstone reservoirs of Denmark 115-129 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Kaasschieter, J.P.H.
Reijers, T. The Hague
reservoirs Petroleum Geology Denmark Jurassic , ` 8683904/Koch (1983).pdf ?$ Kooistra, M.J. 1983R Geomorphology of subtidal and intertidal areas in the Southwest of the Netherlands 637-641 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Terwindt, J.H.J
Steijn, van, H.
Geomorphology Palaeogeography NL North Sea Generic 0 Dh 8811571712/Kooistra (1983).pdf'
?% Lootens, M. 1987r Heavy minerals as a stratigraphical tool for the Eemian and Post-Eemian deposits in the lower Lys valley (Belgium) 139-145 Geologie en Mijnbouw 66 Dordrecht7 Flemish Valley, heavy minerals, Quaternary stratigraphy Stratigraphy Belgium
Quaternary 0 U 792644096/Lootens (1987).pdf8?& Masurel, H. 1987x Macrofossils and their palaeoecology in deltaic sequences of the Lower Carboniferous Yoredale Series, Yorkshire, England 221-237 Geologie en Mijnbouw 66 DordrechtC Coastal barrier, delta, faunal replacement,macrofauna,palaeoecology
Palaeontology UK
Carboniferous 0 W`9084544/Masurel (1987).pdf
?' Michelsen, O.
Andersen, C. 1983L Mesozoic structural and sedimentary development of the Danish Central Graben 93-102 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Kaaschieter, J.P.H.
Reijers, T. the Hague Structural Geology Denmark Mesozoic L N ersen (1983)-3251698432/Michelsen & Andersen (1983).pdf ?( . Nielsen, P.
Swennen, R.
Muchez, P.
Keppens, E. 1998N Origin of Dinantian zebra dolomites south of the Brabant-Wales Massif, Belgium 727-743
Sedimentology 45 Brussel Palaeogeography Belgium
Carboniferous < - ^98)-0822182913/Nielsen et al (1998).pdf
?) % Nygaard, E
Lieberkind, K.
Frykman, P. 1983W Sedimentology and reservoir parameters of the Chalk Group in the Danish Central Graben. 177-190 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Kaaschieter, J.P.H.
Reijers, T. The Hague Clastic sedimentology Denmark
Cretaceous < P 983)-2332591873/Nygaard et al (1983).pdf$?* y Oele, E.
Apon, W.
Fisscher, M.M.
Hoogendoorn, R.
Mesdag, C.S.
de Mulder, E.F.J.
Overzee, B.
Sesören, A.
Westerhoff, W.E. 1983K Surveying the Netherlands: sampling techniques, maps and their application. 355-372 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 History Netherlands Generic o
"8 part 1-1930874369/Oele et al. (1983) part 1.pdf
internal-pdf://Oele et al. (1983) part 2-2820073217/Oele et al. (1983) part 2.pdf ?+ Olsen, J.C. 1982) The structural outline of the Horn Graben 47-50 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Structural Geology Denmark; Germany Generic ,
"8 4914817/Olsen (1982).pdf ?, Posamentier, H.
Walker, R.G. 2006 Facies models revisited. 520 Tulsa, Oklahoma SEPM Clastic sedimentology
1-56576-121-9 Generic Generic H (Ler (2006)-2771805697/Posamentier & Walker (2006).pdf
?. Rasmussen, E.S. 2004i Stratigraphy and depositional evolution of the uppermost Oligocene-Miocene succession in western Denmark. 89-109- Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 51
Copenhagen Stratigraphy Denmark Cenozoic 4 g w-2103418113/Rasmussen (2004).pdf?/ ) Rasmussen, E.S.
Dybkjaer, K.
Piasecki, S. 2006] Neogene fluvial and nearshore marine deposits of the Salten section, central Jylland, Denmark 23-27- Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 53
Copenhagen Clastic sedimentology Denmark Neogene @ I
2006)-1650809089/Rasmussen et al. (2006).pdf!?0 4 Rasmussen, E.S.
Vangkilde-Pedersen, T.
Scharling, P. 2007j Prediction of reservoir sand in Miocene deltaic deposits in Denmark based on high-resolution seismic data. 17-203 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 13 Petroleum Geology Denmark Neogene @
~T M2007)-2372993537/Rasmussen et al. (2007).pdf ?1 Riezebos, P.A.
Rappol, M. 1987^ Travel-to sand-sized vivianite components in a Saalian till layer near Borne (The Netherlands) 21-34 Geologie en Mijnbouw 66 Dordrecht Carbonate sedimentology Netherlands
Quaternary D E (1987)-4101488385/Riezebos & Rappol (1987).pdf
?2
( Schroot, B. M.
de Haan, H.B.
Nio, S.D., 1997+ Upper Carboniferous of the Cleaverbank High 42 NITG-TNO report NITG-97-138c Haarlem NITG-TNO Ministry of Economic Affairs Petroleum Geology 148437369 NL North Sea
Palaeozoic @ X
&(1997)-1570783233/Schroot et al. (1997).pdf ?3 Skovbro, B. 1983Z Depositional conditions during Chalk sedimentation in the Ekofisk area Norwegian North Sea 169-175 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Kaaschieter, J.P.H.
Reijers, T. the Hague Clastic sedimentology NO North Sea Cretaceous; Palaeogene 0 X 451695361/Skovbro (1983).pdf
?4 Taylor, J.C.M. 1982O Bit-Metamorphism, illustrated by lithological data from German North Sea wells. 211-219 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Kaaschieter, J.P.H.
Reijers, T. the Hague Petroleum Geology D North Sea
Carboniferous 0 u h`074905089/Taylor (1983).pdf ?5 Ten Cate, J.A.M. 1983T Detailed systematic geomorphological mapping in the Netherlands and its applications 611-620 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Terwindt, J.H.J
van Steijn, Palaeogeography Netherlands Cenozoic 0 4
$52672006/Ten Cate (1983).pdf
?6 " Thomsen, E.
Lindgreen, H
Wrang, P. 19835 Investigation on the Source rock potential of Denmark 221-239 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Kaaschieter, J.P.H.
Reijers, T. the Hague Petroleum Geology Denmark Generic @ +< (1983)-3755380998/Thomsen et al. (1983).pdf
?7 van de Meene 1983e A study of late-Pleistocene river deposits of the rhine system based on static penetrometer sounding. 593-598 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Terwindt, J.H.J
van Steijn Clastic sedimentology Netherlands
Quaternary < P 983)-0499507457/Van de Meene (1983).pdf ?8
Verbraeck, A. 1983K Sedimentation in the Mid-Netherlands river area during the Late-Weichselian 487-491 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Van den Berg, M.W.
Felix, R. Clastic sedimentology Netherlands
Quaternary 4
H $233405455/Verbraeck (1983).pdf ?9 Weertz, J
Weertz, E 20100 Bontzansteen, meer dan alleen een rode zandsteen 48-53 Grondboor & Hamer 2 Palaeogeography Germany Triassic @ j(2010)-2522780431/Weertz & Weertz (2010).pdf
?:
Zagwijn, W.H. 19837 Sea-level changes in the Netherlands during the Eemian. 437-450 Geologie en Mijnbouw 62 Palaeogeography Netherlands
Quaternary 0 999422991/Zagwijn (1983).pdf,?; Zijlstra, J.J.P. 1987 Early diagenetic silica precipitation, in relation to redox boundaries and bacterial metabolism, in late cretaceous chalk of the Maastrichtian type locality. 242-355 Geologie en Mijnbouw 66 Dordrecht Carbonate sedimentology Netherlands
Cretaceous 0
55823375/Zijlstra (1987).pdfL?< Nagelhout, A.C.C.
Roest, J.P.A. 1997K Investigating fault slip in a model of an underground gas storage facility. 645-6592 International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Minerals 34 3-4Q Induced seismicity, fault slip, underground gas storeage, geomechanical modelling Petroleum Geology Netherlands Permian D R T(1997)-0632600064/Nagelhout & Roest (1997).pdf ?> Adams, E.W
Schlager, W. 2000( Basic types of submarine slope curvature 814-828 Journal of Sedimentary Research 70 4 Geology Generic Generic D
@ (2000)-1177658112/Adams & Schlager (2000).pdf ?@ " Adams, E.W
Schlager, W.
Wattel, E. 1998/ Submarine slopes with an exponential curvature. 135-141 Sedimentary Geology 117 3-4_ slopes, submarine,morphology, sedimentary processes, depositional environment, passive margins. Geology Generic Generic 8
F)-3008831248/Adams et al. (1998).pdf,?A , Kenter, J.A.M.
Harris, P. M.
Della Porta, G. 2005Q Steep microbial boundstone-dominated platform margins - examples and implications 5-30 Sedimentary Geology 178 1-2= Microbial boundstone, Progradation, Growth rate, Architecture Carbonate sedimentology Generic Generic < m $5)-1650392848/Kenter et al. (2005).pdf ?B m " Bertier, P.
Swennen, R.
Laenen, B. 2007 Evaluation of the CO2-sequestration capacity of sandstone aquifers in the Campine Basin (NE-Belgium) based on autoclave experiments and nummerical modelling. A87 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71 15 Petroleum Geology Belgium Carboniferous; Permian; Triassic < \|07)-3886548240/Bertier et al. (2007).pdfJ?C # De Craen, M
Swennen, R.
Keppens, E. 1999q Petrography and geochemistry of septarian carbonate concretions from the Boom Clay Formation (Oligocene, Belgium) 63-76 Geologie en Mijnbouw 77 1M Bacterial sulphate reduction, early diagenesis, geochemistry, stable isotopes Geochemistry Belgium
Palaeogene @ x
0(1999)-1649991686/De Craen et al. (1999).pdfr?D # Muchez, P.
Sintubin, M.
Swennen, R. 2000y Origin and migration pattern of palaeofluids during orogeny: discussion on the Variscides of Belgium and Northern France. 47-51" Journal of Geochemical Exploration 69-70[ diagenesis, faulting, fluid inclusions, stable isotope geochemistry, Variscan thrust front. Geochemistry Belgium; France Generic <
# 000)-0533251600/Muchez et al. (2000).pdf ?E J Marchand, A.M.E.
Haszeldine, R.S.
Macaulay, C.I.
Swennen, R.
Fallick, A.E. 2000] Quartz cementation inhibited by crestal oil charge: Miller deep water sandstone, UK North Sea 201-210
Clay Minerals 35 1
Diagenesis UK North Sea Jurassic @ |
g1999)-3487143440/Marchand et al. (1999).pdf ?F D De Craen, M
Swennen, R.
Keppens, E.
Macaulay, C.I.
Kiriakoulakis, K. 1999g Bacterially mediated formation of Carbonate concretions in the Oligocene Boom Clay of Northern Belgium. 1098-1106 Journal of Sedimentary Research 69 5 Geochemistry Belgium
Palaeogene @
e 999)-4267176710/De Craen et al. (1999).pdf ?G Westerhoff, W.E. 2008" The Rhine - a major fluvial record 3-5" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 87 1 Palaeogeography Northwest Europe
Quaternary 4 E
h1009653525/Westerhoff (2008).pdf ?H Zwart, H.J. 1967 The duality of orogenic belts 283-309 Geologie en Mijnbouw 46 8 Structural Geology Western Europe Generic ,
D
, 6579605/Zwart (1967).pdf ?I Vos, P.C.
de Wolf, H 1988_ Methodological aspects of paleo-ecological diatom research in coastal areas of the Netherlands. 31-40 Geologie en Mijnbouw 67
Palaeontology Netherlands Cenozoic 4
2091982613/Vos & Wolf (1987).pdf ?J Terwindt, J.H.J 1971: Litho-facies of inshore estuarine and tidal-inlet deposits 515-526 Geologie en Mijnbouw 50 3 Geology Netherlands
Quaternary 0
8 +<73012245/Terwindt (1971).pdf ?K Van Straaten, L.M.J.U. 1954S Sedimentology of recent tidal flat deposits and the psammites du Condroz (Devonian) 25-47 Geologie en Mijnbouw 16 2 Clastic sedimentology Western Europe Devonian 8
d)-2059929621/van Straaten (1954).pdf ?L $ Van Straaten, L.M.J.U.
Kuenen, Ph.H. 1957? Accumulation of fine grained sediments in the Dutch Wadden Sea. 329-354 Geologie en Mijnbouw 19 Clastic sedimentology Netherlands
Quaternary L
D inen (1957)-2982992149/Van Straaten & Kuenen (1957).pdf ?N De Raaf, J.F.M.
Boersma, J.R. 1971/ Tidal deposits and their sedimentary structures 479-504 Geologie en Mijnbouw 50 3 Clastic sedimentology Western Europe Generic D v
j (1971)-0358332678/De Raaf & Boersma (1971).pdf ?O Oomkens, E.
Terwindt, J.H.J 1960= Inshore estuarine sediments in the Haringvliet (Netherlands). 701-710 Geologie en Mijnbouw 39 Clastic sedimentology Netherlands
Quaternary D 4 (1960)-2967148309/Oomkens & Terwindt (1960).pdf ?P Illies, J.H. 1977. Ancient and recent rifting in the Rhinegraben. 329-350 Geologie en Mijnbouw 56 4 Structural Geology Western Europe Generic , W487189/Iliies (1977).pdf?Q = Van der Hammen, T.
Maarleveld, G.C.
Vogel, J.C.
Zagwijn, W.H. 1967a Stratigraphy, climatic succession and radiocarbon dating of the last glaciaal in the Netherlands. 79-95 Geologie en Mijnbouw 46 3 Stratigraphy Netherlands
Quaternary L qL ?al. (1967)-3172785686/van der Hammen et al. (1967).pdf ?R * De Groot, A.J.
De Goeij, J.J.M.
Zegers, C. 1971q Contents and behaviour of mercury as compared with other heavy metals in sediments from the rivers Rhine and Ems. 393-398 Geologie en Mijnbouw 50 3
Mineralogy Netherlands
Quaternary @ x
a41971)-2673535238/De Groot et al. (1971).pdf :?S ! Köthe, A.
Gaedicke, C.
Lutz, R. 2008g Erratum: The age of the Mid-Miocene Unconformity (MMU) in the G-11-1 borehole, German North Sea sector. 687-689= Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 159 4 Stuttgartk Neogene, biostratigraphy, dinofl agellate cysts, seismic sequence, North Sea Basin, German North Sea sector Stratigraphy The age of the Mid-Miocene Unconformity (MMU) in the G-11-1 borehole is corrected by this erratum to middle
Middle Miocene (top of dinofl agellate cyst zone DN5). D North Sea Neogene < '\ O08)-0530375731/Kothe et al. (2008).pdf ?i o Anderton, R. 1993h Sedimentation and basin evolution in the Paleogene of the Northern North Sea and Faeroe-Shetland basins 31H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology UK North Sea
Palaeogene 0
B09416008/Anderton (1993).pdf?T Pouclet, A.
Juvigne, E. 2009 The Eltville Tephra, a late Pleistocene widespread tephra layer in Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands; symptomatic compositions of the minerals 93-103 Geologica Belgica 12 1-2
Mineralogy A new study of the composition of the Eltville Tephra is performed for the three sites Lixhe/Belgium, Ringen/Germany and Eltville/Germany (previous stratotype). This tephra is a precise stratigraphical marker dated at about 20 ka and intercalated in situ in Upper Weichselien loess in Belgium, The Netherlands and Germany. Since most of the authors have identified the Eltville Tephra after its dark grey colour in yellowish loess body, the correlation has in some cases been doubted so that geochemistry of the material should be used to take position. We analyse the pyroclasts and the mafic minerals of the tephra (clinopyroxene, olivine and amphibole). The volcanic glass is totally altered to illite, but the minerals show a clear basaltic alkaline magmatic signature. The tephra resulted from a strong initial explosive activity of a basaltic volcano. The origin of the tephra would be the East Eifel volcanic field. Netherlands; Belgium
Quaternary =U , Bos, I.J.
Feiken, H.
Bunnik, F.
Schokker, J. 2009 Influence of organics and clastic lake fills on distributary channel processes in the distal Rhine-Meuse Delta (the Netherlands) 335-3741 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 284 3-4_ Holocene, Delta deposits, Delta plain, Lake deposits, Natural levee thickness, Channel planform Clastic sedimentology^ Organic-clastic lake fills, which include lacustrine deltas, are prominent architectural elements in the distal zone of delta plains. We hypothesize that lakes and fossil lake fills affect the development of a fluvial distributary channel. To test this hypothesis, a Holocene paleogeographic reconstruction is presented of the Angstel-Vecht area, The Netherlands based on a geomorphogenetic map, lithogenetic cross sections, microfossil analyses, and various dating methods (i.e. (super 14) C-dating, OSL dating, pollen analyses and archaeological evidence). We found that peat accumulation on the Pleistocene substratum started approximately 8000calyr BP in response to base-level driven groundwater-level rise. Peat-bounded lakes existed in which gyttja was formed. Fluvial sedimentation in the study area commenced when a new Rhine distributary--the Angstel-Vecht--formed approximately 2970calyr BP. As a result, the lakes were filled with fluvially supplied clastic material. Fluvial activity diminished after approximately E2300calyr BP although the system continued to function as a high-discharge spillway for Rhine distributaries. This study illustrates the influence of lakes and lake fills on fluvial architecture and sedimentology. Downstream of a lake, levee deposits are thin compared to upstream reaches and the channel-belt sediment is clayey. Furthermore, channels maintain a meandering pattern when organic-clastic lake fills form the substrate because of the relative low bank stability. This is in contrast to straight channels in the distal delta plains that are influenced by erosion-resistant peat substrate. Netherlands Cenozoic Ovid Technologies 8 lal. (2009).pdf Ovid Technologies k?V Meij, R.
te Winkel, B. H. 2009c Trace elements in world steam coal and their behaviour in Dutch coal-fired power stations; a review 289-293% International Journal of Coal Geology 77 3-4 Petroleum Geologyk Trace elements associated with the combustion of coal have received more attention recently, as can be seen from the increasing demands laid down in legislation and permits. Knowledge of the trace element content of coal is essential. Coal used in the Netherlands is imported from all over the world. As a consequence, Dutch power stations are designed to burn a wide range of bituminous coals. The largest share nowadays originates from South Africa, Colombia, and Indonesia, with these three countries accounting for more than 85% of the coal fired in the Netherlands in recent years. The coals, as imported in the Netherlands, have been monitored for their (trace) element content. At present the database contains results of own analyses of about 170 coals, originating from 14 different countries. An important uncertainty was the question of how homogeneous the imported lots are. It appears that the lots as imported from overseas are fairly homogeneous. The behaviour and fate of trace elements in coal-fired power stations has been studied in more than 40 mass balance studies since 1977. More than 50 test series have been completed during co-combustion of biomass and waste materials (up to 40% on mass base) since 1993. It has therefore been possible to establish a relationship between (trace) elements in the fuel and the ash, as well as with emissions into the atmosphere. Netherlands Generic ?W 3 Kleinhans, M. G.
Schuurman, F.
Bakx, W.
Markies, H. 2009 Meandering channel dynamics in highly cohesive sediment on an intertidal mud flat in the Westerschelde Estuary, the Netherlands 261-276
Geomorphology 105 3-4 Clastic sedimentologyx Small meandering channels of about 1 m wide on an intertidal mudflat in the Westerschelde estuary the Netherlands) were studied with the aim to improve understanding of the effect of highly cohesive bed and bank sediment on channel inception and meander geometry and dynamics. The study is supported by experiments and modelling. The estuarine meandering channels are less dynamical than alluvial meandering rivers, and the dynamics are more localised. Moreover, the high thresholds for bed sediment erosion and for bank failure lead to two processes, uncommon in larger rivers, that cause most of the morphological change. First, the beds of the channels are eroded by backward migrating steps under hydraulic jumps, while the remainder of the bed surface along the channel is hardly eroded. Second, channel banks erode i) where eroding steps locally cause undercutting of otherwise stable channel banks and ii) in very sharp bends where the flow separates from the inner-bend channel boundary and impinges directly on the bank on the opposite side of the channel. Further morphological change is probably induced by rainfall splash erosion and by storm waves that weaken the mud, and by large mud fluxes from the estuary. The steps were successfully reproduced in laboratory flume experiments. An existing model for step migration predicted celerities consistent with field and laboratory observations and demonstrated a strong dependence on the threshold for erosion. Bank stability models confirm that banks and steps only fail when undercut and weakened by waves, rain or excess pore pressure in agreement with observations. The effects of a high threshold for bank erosion was implemented in an existing meander simulation model that reproduced the observed locations of bank erosion somewhat better than without the threshold, but flow separation and its effect on meander bends remains poorly understood. Netherlands
Quaternary ?X 6 Dickinson, J. S.
Buik, N.
Matthews, M. C.
Snijders, A. 2009D Aquifer thermal energy storage; theoretical and operational analysis 249-260 Geotechnique 59 3 Geothermics Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) systems provide a method of improving the performance of more commonly installed mono-direction groundwater heating and cooling systems. Rather than using the prevailing temperature of the abstracted groundwater, ATES systems are bidirectional, therefore allowing for the interseasonal storage of low- and higher-temperature energy. This paper provides a theoretical base for ATES and an empirical review of the performance of a typical system installed in an office building in the Netherlands. This research was carried out by engineering consultancies in the UK and the Netherlands, and a UK university. The geology and hydrogeological conditions under focus can be briefly described as a confined saturated medium sand aquifer covered by horizons of clay and fine sand. A design simulation using HSTWin, a modified version of the software package HST3D, is compared against operational data collected over a 12-month period. These data were collected following 5 years of operation. The main conclusion from the case study is that there is good agreement between the HSTWin simulation and operational findings. Furthermore, it can be inferred that active ground thermal storage strategies can offer improvements over conventional ground source energy systems. Netherlands Generic ?Y X ; Van Bakel, B.W. M.
Jagt, J.W. M.
Artal, P.
Fraaije, R.H. B. 2009 Harenacorystes johanjansseni, a new Pliocene crab (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the Netherlands, and notes on Miocene-Pliocene corystoid crabs from the North Sea Basin 79-85& Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum 35
Palaeontology A new genus and species of corystoid crab, Harenacorystes johanjanseni, is recorded from slightly silty, fine-grained and well-sorted, glauconitic quartz sands assigned to the Oosterhout Formation, which are suction dredged at sandpit 'De Kuilen' near Langenboom (province of Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands). Although precise provenance data are lacking, the type and sole specimen of this crab known to date is assumed to have come from the lower depositional sequence (Unit B) within this formation, between 12 and 15 metres below the surface. On molluscan and dinoflagellate evidence, Unit B has been dated as early Zanclean to middle Piacenzian (Pliocene, c. 4.9-2.8 Ma). Added are new records of other corystoid crabs; Corystes cassivelaunus (Pennant, 1777) and Micromithrax holsatica Noetling, 1881, from the Oosterhout Formation (early-middle Pliocene) of Langenboom and of Balgoy (municipality of Wijchen, province of Gelderland, the Netherlands), as well as comments on previous literature records of Neogene corystids from the North Sea Basin. Netherlands Neogene?Z Young, D. A. 2009` The reception of geology in the Dutch Reformed tradition; the case of Herman Bavinck (1854-1921) 289-3009 Geology and Religion: A History of Harmony and Hostillity 310 Kõlbl-Ebert, M. London' Geological Society Special Publications History The favourable reception of the great antiquity of Earth by nineteenth-century Presbyterian theologians in Scotland and the USA has been well documented. Less clear is how their conservative Dutch Calvinist counterparts responded to discoveries about Earth history. Here I initiate an examination of attitudes toward geology among Dutch Reformed theologians of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries with a case study of Herman Bavinck (1854-1921). Bavinck was arguably the premier Dutch Calvinist theologian of his generation. In his four-volume Gereformeerde Dogmatiek, he discussed geology in relation to biblical teaching about the creation of the Earth. He expressed great appreciation for geology. On several points of textual interpretation, he adopted positions consistent with acceptance of an old Earth. However, working with out-of-date information, and not understanding fundamental geological principles, Bavinck concluded that the concept of an ancient Earth was unacceptable. Bavinck's ideas about geology negatively influenced subsequent Dutch Reformed theologians. Dutch Calvinists, both in the Netherlands and the USA, may have been less open to the discoveries of geology than Scottish and US Calvinists because of the nature of Dutch geology, lack of contact between Dutch theologians and geologists, and Dutch Reformed persuasion that worldviews powerfully shape the content of science. Netherlands Generic ?[ ? Ferrandis, J.
Mateeva, A.
Jorgensen, P.
Lopez, J.
Dijkerman, H. 2009O Application of virtual-source technology to the Zuidwending gas storage project 296-301 The Leading Edge 28 3 Petroleum Geology The Gasunie-Nuon Underground Gas Storage Consortium plans to drill and leach caverns in the Zuidwending salt dome in the Netherlands. According to safety regulations, gas storage caverns must be at least 150 m from the salt flank. The location of the Zuidwending salt flank, however, was not well known; its uncertainty based on surface seismic is some + or -200 m (Figure 1). A more precise estimate of the salt-flank location was needed for the project to proceed. Netherlands Generic?\ X " Kvacek, Z.
Teodoridis, V.
Wang, Q. 2009x Ilex geissertii sp. n. (Aquifoliaceae), a fossil ancestor of Ilex sect. Ilex in the upper Miocene and Pliocene of Europe 192-210% Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 157 3-4
Palaeontology Leaf remains of Ilex L. sect. Ilex known from the Pliocene of Auenheim (Alsace, France) and Frankfurt a. M. - Niederrad (Hesse, Germany) as Ilex aff. cornuta Lindley fossilis Geissert and Ilex aquifolium L. fossilis Engelhardt, respectively, are re-interpreted as representing a new species Ilex geissertii Kvacek, Teodoridis et Wang Qing, sp. nov. Similar leaf fossils occur also in the upper Miocene of the Netherlands (Brunssum), France (Murat), and the Pliocene of Italy (Valdarno Superiore). Although these fossil records were considered either direct ancestors of I. aquifolium L. (Near-East, Europe, N Africa) or allied to I. cornuta Lindley and Paxton (China and Korea), both the mentioned extant species differ in the leaf morphology. Close affinities of I.geissertii to several extant representatives of Ilex subsect. Ilex (= Oxyodontae Loesener nom. illegit.) are indisputable and stress a common origin of this group of the hollies known already from the Oligocene in Europe (Ilex castellii Kvacek et Walther). Several extinct elements of the European late Miocene and Pliocene flora accompanying this new holly (e.g., Ginkgo, Taxodium, Fagus kraeuselii, Parrotia, Craigia, and Trichosanthes) share similar former phyllogeography in having their modern nearest relatives outside Europe. Europe Neogene ?] Y Gibbard, P. L.
Pasanen, A. H.
West, R.G.
Lunkka, J. P.
Boreham, S.
Cohen, K. M.
Rolfe, C. 2009: Late middle Pleistocene glaciation in East Anglia, England 504-528 Boreas 38 3 Palaeogeography Investigation of a group of landforms and their underlying deposits on the eastern margin of the Fenland in East Anglia has demonstrated that they represent a series of glaciofluvial delta-fan and related sediments. Section logging, borehole records and previous descriptions combine to indicate that the sediments were deposited in ice-marginal deltaic settings in an ice-marginal lake. The internal structure and form of the fan-like deltas has been demonstrated using extensive ground-penetrating radar investigation. The lake formed by the ice damming westward-aligned river valleys. Together, this evidence confirms historical descriptions of a glaciation of the Fenland, and clarifies the interpretation of gravels of the eastern Fenland margin. Recent reinterpretations of the latter as of fluvial rather than glacial meltwater origin are shown to be incorrect. It is concluded, on the basis of regional correlation, supported by optically stimulated luminescence dating, that the glaciation occurred at c. 160 kyr, i.e. in the Wolstonian (=Saalian) Stage (broadly equivalent to MIS 11b-6). Comparison with The Netherlands' sequence shows a similarity of glacial marginal morphology, and the dates confirm the time equivalence with that during the late Saalian Drenthe Substage, Amersfoort ice-pushed ridge complex. The implications include that the c. 200 kyr interval, between the Hoxnian (Holsteinian) temperate Stage and the Wolstonian glaciation, was a period during which fluvial and periglacial activity modified the landscape under cold climates, with organic sediments laid down during warmer events. Palaeolithic humans were periodically present during this interval, their artefacts having been reworked by the subsequent glaciation. Abstract Copyright (2009), The Boreas Collegium. UK
Quaternary ?^ Kirwan, M.
Temmerman, S. 2009F Coastal marsh response to historical and future sea-level acceleration 1801-1808 Quaternary Science Reviews 28 17-18 Clastic sedimentology We consider the response of marshland to accelerations in the rate of sea-level rise by utilizing two previously described numerical models of marsh elevation. In a model designed for the Scheldt Estuary (Belgium-SW Netherlands), a feedback between inundation depth and suspended sediment concentrations allows marshes to quickly adjust their elevation to a change in sea-level rise rate. In a model designed for the North Inlet Estuary (South Carolina), a feedback between inundation and vegetation growth allows similar adjustment. Although the models differ in their approach, we find that they predict surprisingly similar responses to sea-level change. Marsh elevations adjust to a step change in the rate of sea-level rise in about 100 years. In the case of a continuous acceleration in the rate of sea-level rise, modeled accretion rates lag behind sea-level rise rates by about 20 years, and never obtain equilibrium. Regardless of the style of acceleration, the models predict approximately 6-14cm of marsh submergence in response to historical sea-level acceleration, and 3-4cm of marsh submergence in response to a projected scenario of sea-level rise over the next century. While marshes already low in the tidal frame would be susceptible to these depth changes, our modeling results suggest that factors other than historical sea-level acceleration are more important for observations of degradation in most marshes today. Netherlands; Belgium
Quaternary
?_ j Vandenberghe, D.A.G.
Vanneste, K.
Verbeeck, K.
Paulissen, E.
Buylaert, J.P.
De Corte, F.
Van den haute, P. 2009i Late Weichselian and Holocene earthquake events along the Geleen fault in NE Belgium; OSL age constraints 56-74 Quaternary International 199 Structural Geologyt In 2005, a trench was opened for palaeoseismological analysis near the village of Rotem (Maas valley, NE Belgium). The trench exposed the Geleen fault, a branch of the Feldbiss fault zone of the Lower Rhine graben system. The latter is one of the most active tectonic structures in NW Europe north of the Alps. The sedimentary record in the trench mainly consists of a sequence of fluvio-aeolian and aeolian deposits, initially interpreted as Late Weichselian coversands. A gravel pavement interpreted as a regional deflation horizon subdivides the succession into two main parts, and the uppermost sediments are overprinted by soil formation processes. Detailed mapping of the trench walls revealed evidence for two surface-rupturing earthquakes. We report on the application of quartz-based single-aliquot optical dating to establish a chronological framework for the sediments and to constrain the timing of the two palaeoearthquakes. The optical ages constrain the age of the most recent surface-rupturing event between 2.5+ or -0.3 and 3.1+ or -0.3ka, a time interval which is independently supported by (super 14) C ages. The penultimate large earthquake occurred just before the formation of the gravel pavement. The age of this pavement, and thus of the second palaeoearthquake, is bracketed between 15.9+ or -1.1 and 18.2+ or -1.3ka. The optical ages allow correlating the sedimentary succession observed at Rotem with the coversand stratigraphy as established in the southern Netherlands. The age of the pebbly deflation horizon indicates that it formed synchronously with the Beuningen Gravel Bed, while the immediately under- and overlying sediments are correlated with the top of the Older Coversand I and the base of the Older Coversand II units, respectively. The upper part of the coversands on the upthrown side of the fault are dated at nearly equal 6ka, which is interpreted as an age underestimation owing to bioturbation. The sediments which were originally interpreted as their stratigraphic equivalent on the downthrown side are reliably dated at 6.9+ or -0.7ka. However, the grain size characteristics of this deposit differ from those of coversands and rather resemble those of overlying colluvium. The origin of this deposit remains enigmatic. It might testify to either an as yet unknown Holocene phase of colluviation, or a third palaeoearthquake for which no evidence was found in the field. Belgium
Quaternary K?` Rescic, S.
Fratini, F.
Tiano, P. 2010 On-site evaluation of the "mechanical" properties of Maastricht Limestone and their relationship with the physical characteristics 201-208[ Limestone in the Built Environment: Present-Day Challenges for the Preservation of the Past 3310 Smith, B.J.
Gomez-Heras, M.
Viles, H.A.
Cassar, London' Geological Society Special Publications Structural Geology Maastricht limestone is a soft bioclastic calcarenite of the Upper Cretaceous period cropping out in southern Limburg between Belgium and The Netherlands. This material was widely used from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. Four different varieties can be distinguished according to fossil content and petrographic characteristics, which determine slight differences in compressive strength. Despite its poor mechanical characteristics, the material is very durable with remarkable frost resistance. This is mainly due to the pore dimensions (the most frequent pore radius class is 16-64 mu m) but also to the particular kind of weathering that causes the formation of a protective "skin" through a process of dissolution of unstable aragonite from serpulids and calcite precipitation in the pores of the external layer. The physical characteristics and the mechanical properties (using the drilling resistance measurement system (DRMS) method) of the hard layer that developed on the surface of Tongeren Cathedral, constructed using the Sibbe variety of Maastricht limestone, were investigated and compared with those of the quarry material. This comparison made it possible to emphasize the particular hardness of this surface in contrast to the outer layer of the quarry material. Moreover, it was possible to determine its thickness and to infer that this hard layer was formed after only 15 years of exposure. Netherlands
Cretaceous ?a 3 Hijma, M. P.
van der Spek, A. J. F.
van Heteren, S. 2010_ Development of a mid-Holocene estuarine basin, Rhine-Meuse mouth area, offshore the Netherlands 198-211 Marine Geology 271 3-4
Palaeontology A proper understanding of coastal development during periods of rapid sea-level rise is a prerequisite for the prediction of future coastal response to the expected acceleration in sea-level rise. However, the development of back-barrier basins, especially in river-mouth areas, during such periods is still not well understood. Here we show the response of back-barrier basins adjacent to the Rhine-Meuse river-mouth area, The Netherlands during the mid Holocene. A combination of high-resolution seismic data and cores was used to describe and explain late-Weichselian to early Holocene terrestrial and mid-Holocene back-barrier sequences. Along with dating and micropalaeontological analyses, these descriptions and explanations form the basis of a reconstruction of river-mouth and adjacent basin behaviour under conditions of rapid SLR. The nearby presence of the Rhine-Meuse estuary had a significant influence on the development of the adjacent back-barrier basin and especially its tidal channels. The back-barrier channels started to fill in between 8.3 and 7.4 ka BP due to decreasing rates of both sea-level rise and tidal-amplitude increase. During this time the Rhine relocated its mouth to the study area and the increased sediment delivery contributed to tidal-prism decrease and channel infill. Close to the Rhine-Meuse river mouth the back-barrier channels lay embedded in thick clayey, estuarine deposits and lateral migration of the tidal channels was limited. At greater distances, lateral migration rates increased as the thickness of cohesive back-barrier deposits decreases. The spatial pattern and stratigraphic setting of the northern channel fills suggests an episode of barrier overstepping between 7.5 and 6.6 ka BP. The mode and spatial limits of this overstepping are still not understood. Netherlands
Quaternary G
? Kiden, P. 2006Y De evolutie van de Beneden-Schelde in België en Zuidwest-Nederland na de laatste ijstijd 279-294 Belgeo 3} rivierontwikkeling, zeespiegelstijging, mariene invloed, riviergradiënt, Laatglaciaal, Holoceen, Schelde, België, Nederland Palaeogeography Belgium; Netherlands
Quaternary ,
> x4990721/Kiden (2006).pdf ? ; Bos, J.A.A.
Geel, B. van
Plicht, J. van der
Bohncke, S.J.P. 2007x Preboreal climate oscillations in Europe: Wiggle-match dating and synthesis of Dutch high-resolution multi-proxy records 1927-1950 Quaternary Science Reviews 26 Climate Netherlands
Quaternary 8 )-3159394560/Bos et al. (2007).pdf ? Busschers, F.S.
Kasse, C.
Balen, R.T. van,
Vandenberghe, J.
Cohen, K.M.
Weerts, H.J.T.
Wallinga, J.
Johns, C.
Cleveringa, P.
Bunnik, F.P.M. 2007 Late Pleistocene evolution of the Rhine-Meuse system in the southern North Sea basin: imprints of climate change, sea-level oscillation and glacio-isostacy 3216-3248 Quaternary Science Reviews 26 Geology Netherlands
Quaternary @ Y2007)-2824540416/Busschers et al. (2007).pdf%? a Busschers, F.S.
Balen, R.T. van
Cohen, K. M.
Kasse, C.
Weerts, H.J.T.
Wallinga, J.
Bunnik, F.P.M. 2008H Response of the Rhine-Meuse fluvial system to Saalian ice-sheet dynamics 1-22 Boreas Glacial Geology Netherlands
Quaternary$ DOI 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2008.00025.x @ # t2008)-2321592576/Busschers et al. (2008).pdfF? _ Cremer, H.
Bunnik, F.P.M.
Donders, T.H.
Hoek, W.Z.
Koolen-Eekhout, M.
Koolmees, H.H.
Lavooi, E. 2010 River flooding and landscape changes impact ecological conditions of a scour hole lake in the Rhine-Meuse delta, The Netherlands Journal of Paleolimnology\ Dike burst lake, Flooding, Pollen, Diatoms, Chromium, Total phosphorus, Environmental change
Palaeontology Netherlands
Quaternary DOI 10.1007/s10933-010-9452-2 < /10)-3950227712/Cremer et al. (2010).pdf
N?c ? Vogt, C.
Mottaghy, D.
Wolf, A.
Rath, V.
Pechnig, R.
Clauser, C. 2010O Reducing temperature uncertainties by stochastic geothermal reservoir modelling 321-333! Geophysical Journal International 181 1 GeothermicsG Quantifying and minimizing uncertainty is vital for simulating technically and economically successful geothermal reservoirs. To this end, we apply a stochastic modelling sequence, a Monte Carlo study, based on (i) creating an ensemble of possible realizations of a reservoir model, (ii) forward simulation of fluid flow and heat transport, and (iii) constraining post-processing using observed state variables. To generate the ensemble, we use the stochastic algorithm of Sequential Gaussian Simulation and test its potential fitting rock properties, such as thermal conductivity and permeability, of a synthetic reference model and--performing a corresponding forward simulation--state variables such as temperature. The ensemble yields probability distributions of rock properties and state variables at any location inside the reservoir. In addition, we perform a constraining post-processing in order to minimize the uncertainty of the obtained distributions by conditioning the ensemble to observed state variables, in this case temperature. This constraining post-processing works particularly well on systems dominated by fluid flow. The stochastic modelling sequence is applied to a large, steady-state 3-D heat flow model of a reservoir in The Hague, Netherlands. The spatial thermal conductivity distribution is simulated stochastically based on available logging data. Errors of bottom-hole temperatures provide thresholds for the constraining technique performed afterwards. This reduce the temperature uncertainty for the proposed target location significantly from 25 to 12 K (full distribution width) in a depth of 2300 m. Assuming a Gaussian shape of the temperature distribution, the standard deviation is 1.8 K. To allow a more comprehensive approach to quantify uncertainty, we also implement the stochastic simulation of boundary conditions and demonstrate this for the basal specific heat flow in the reservoir of The Hague. As expected, this results in a larger distribution width and hence, a larger, but more realistic uncertainty estimate. However, applying the constraining post-processing the uncertainty is again reduced to the level of the post-processing without stochastic boundary simulation. Thus, constraining post-processing is a suitable tool for reducing uncertainty estimates by observed state variables. Abstract Copyright (2010), RAS. Netherlands Generic ?> Barbier, E. 2002< Geothermal energy technology and current status: an overview 3-65( Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 6T Geothermal energy, Geothermal resources, Geothermal technology, Geothermal economics Geothermics Generic Generic 0 A M509989888/Barbier (2002).pdf ? Koster, E.A. 1982u Terminology and lithostratigraphic subdivision of (surficial) sandy eolian deposits in The Netherlands: an evaluation 121-129 Geologie en Mijnbouw 61 Stratigraphy Netherlands
QuaternaryU? % Koster, E.A.
Castel, I.I.Y.
Nap, R.L. 1983[ Genesis and sedimentary structures of late Holocene aeolian drift sands in northwest Europe 247-267E The dynamics and environmental context of aeolian sedimentary systems Pye, K. Clastic sedimentology) Geological Society Special Publication 72 Netherlands
Quaternary1?@
% Munsterman, D.K.
Verreussel, R.M.C.H. 2008L Palynology of well F15-6: a cored caprock section from the Schill Grund High 12
TNO report 2008-U-R0243 Utrecht% TNO Built Environment and Geosciences BU GeoEnergy Stratigraphy
February 2008 005.82505 NL North Sea Generic L Rusel (2008)-3897870848/Munsterman & Verreusel (2008).pdf3
?e 2 Kehrer, P.
Orzol, J.
Jung, R.
Jatho, R.
Junker, R. 2007s The GeneSys project - a contribution of GEOZENTRUM Hannover to the development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) 119-132= Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 158 1 Geothermics Germany Generic < 8 007)-0180671801/Kehrer et al (2007).pdf ?f
Köthe, A. 2007{ Cenozoic biostratigraphy from the German North Sea sector (G-11-1 borehole, dinoflagellate cysts, calcareous nannoplankton) 287-327= Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 158 2 Stratigraphy D North Sea Cenozoic , Ĩ
159993/Kothe (2007).pdf ?h ! m W Abbink, O.A.
Devuyst F.X.
Grotsch, J
Hance, L.
Van Hoof, T.B.
Kombrink, H.
Van Ojik, K. 2009t The Lower Carboniferous of Key-well UHM-02, Onshore the Netherlands, and implications for Regional Basin Development 5! 71st EAGE Conference & Exhibition W031 Amsterdam Stratigraphy Netherlands
Carboniferous < 10)-0434922041/Abbink et al. (2010).pdf m ?n o Beckley, A.
Dodd, C.
Los, A. 1993 The Bruce field 1453-1463H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology UK North Sea Jurassic < H |93)-1419711048/Beckley et al. (1993).pdfy ?o o BGS 1993A Revision of North Sea lithostratigraphic nomenclature: Paleogene 15H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Stratigraphy North Sea
Palaeogene ( P6328/BGS (1993).pdf ?t o + Coney, D.
Fyfe, T.B.
Retail, P.
Smith, P.J. 19939 Clair appraisal: the benefits of a co-operative approach 1409-1420I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Petroleum Geology UK Devonian; Carboniferous 8 @ @)-0667294280/Coney et al. (1993).pdf ?u o Cordey, W.G. 1993@ Jurassic exploration history: a look at the past and the future 195-198I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology North Sea Jurassic 0
&$ 38362696/Cordey (1993).pdf ?v o Cowan, G.
Ottesen, C.
Stuart, A. 1993 The use of dipmeter logs in the structural interpretation and palaeocurrent analysis of Morecambe Fields, East Irish Sea Basin 867-882I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Structural Geology Ireland Generic 8 70 )-0399249480/Cowan et al. (1993).pdf ?w Corrigan, A.F. 19938 Estimation of recoverable reserves: the geologist's job 1473-1481I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Petroleum Geology North Sea Generic 0
(38388808/Corrigan (1993).pdf ?x o Dean, K. P. 1993w Sedimentation of Upper Triassic reservoirs in the Beryl Embayment: lacustrine sedimentation in a semi-arid environment 581I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Petroleum Geology UK North Sea Triassic (
j 2600/Dean (1993).pdf ?y o / Demyttenaere, R.R.A.
Sluijk, A.H.
Bentley, M.R. 1993o A fundamental reappraisal of the structure of the Cormorant Field and its impact on field development strategy 1151-1157I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Petroleum Geology UK North Sea Jurassic H q fal. (1993)-3218585928/Demyttenaere et al. (1993).pdf
?z o F Donovan, A.D.
Djakic, A.W.
Ioannides, N. S.
Garfield, T.R.
Jones, C.R. 1993s Sequence stratigraphic control on Middle and Upper Jurassic reservoir distribution within the UK Central North Sea 251-269I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Petroleum Geology UK North Sea Jurassic @ Y X(1993)-1027145545/Donovan et al. (1993).pdf ?{ o Downie, R.A.
Stedman, C.I. 1993r Complex deformation and fluidization structures in Aptian sediment gravity flow deposits of the Outer Moray Firth 185-188I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology UK North Sea Generic @ 1993)-0101082896/Downie & Stedman (1993).pdfs
?| o Dunay, R. E. 1993* Irish Sea basins. Introduction and review 789-790I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Petroleum Geology Ireland Triassic , 3200329/Dunay (1993).pdf
?} + Faleide, J.I.
Vagnes, E.
Gudlaugsson, S.T. 1993A Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution of the southwestern Barents Sea 933-950I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Structural Geology Norway Generic @ ۜ 91993)-2554676297/Faleide et al. (1993).pdf
?~ o % Fine, S.
Yusas, M.R.
Jorgensen, L.N.. 1993\ Geological aspects of horizontal drilling in chalks from the Danish sector of the North Sea 1483-1490I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Petroleum Geology DK North Sea
Cretaceous 8 t 3)-3343432777/Fine et al. (1993).pdf ? o Fleet, A.J.
Cordey, W.G. 1993H Fluids: migration, overpressure and diagenesis Introduction and review 129I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Petroleum Geology Generic Generic < @93)-2605443145/Fleet & Cordey (1993).pdf ? o Foster, P.T.
Rattey, P.R. 1993L The evolution of a fractured chalk reservoir: Machar Oilfield, UK North Sea 1445-1452I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Petroleum Geology UK North Sea Generic @ | 993)-3864025161/Foster & Rattey (1993).pdf ? o
Fraser, A. J. 1993t The Jurassic: from regional models to field development; the impact of sequence stratigraphy on hydrocarbon geology 191-194I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Petroleum Geology North Sea Jurassic ,
/ 424201/Fraser (1993).pdf ? o / Galloway, W.E.
Garber, J.L.
Liu, X.
Sloan, B.J. 1993m Sequence stratigraphic and depositional framework of the Cenozoic fill, Central and Northern North Sea Basin 33-43I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Stratigraphy North Sea Cenozoic @
993)-3931637833/Galloway et al. (1993).pdf ? o B Gerard, j.
Wheatley, T.J.
Ritchie, J. S.
Sullivan, M.
Basset, M.G. 1993W Permo-Carboniferous and older plays, their historical development and future potential 641-650H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference 4 Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Generic Carboniferous; Permian < Ø "993)-3395095625/Gerard et al. (1993).pdf ? o 3 Hardman, M.
Buchanan, J.G.
Herrington, P
Carr, A.D. 1993l Geochemical modelling of the East Irish Sea Basin: its influence on predicting hydrocarbon type and quality 809-821I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Geochemistry Ireland Generic @ Ҕ 1993)-1835061833/Hardman et al. (1993).pdf ? o Henderson, J.A.
Pepper, J.N. 1993Y Deep prospects-imaging, overpressure and associated problems in the UK Central North Sea 1313I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Petroleum Geology UK North Sea
Cretaceous H er (1993)-1701072457/Henderson & Pepper (1993).pdf ? o + Hinz, K.
Eldholm, O.
Block, M.
Skogseid, J. 19939 Evolution of North Atlantic volcanic continental margins 901-913I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Structural Geology Generic Generic 8 0)-0275220041/Hinz et al. (1993).pdf ? o Hovland, M. 1993: Submarine gas seepage in the North Sea and adjacent areas 1333-1338I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Petroleum Geology North Sea Generic 0 8 a80228681/Hovland (1993).pdf ? o Ineson, J.R. 1993= The Lower Cretaceous chalk play in the Danish Central Trough 175-183I Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference
Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Petroleum Geology Denmark
Cretaceous ,
989385/Ineson (1993).pdf ? o Jackson, D.I.
Mulholland, P. 1993 Tectonic and stratigraphic aspects of the East Irish Sea Basin and adjacent areas: contrasts in their post-Carboniferous structural styles 791-808H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Ireland Palaeozoic; Mesozoic L `land (1993)-2843470921/Jackson & Mulholland (1993).pdf
? o Johannesen, P.N.
Andsbjerg, J. 1993j Middle to Late Jurassic basin evolution and sandstone reservoir distribution in the Danish Central Trough 271-283H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Denmark Jurassic P 8 cdsbjerg (1993)-1551914569/Johannesen & Andsbjerg (1993).pdf ? o ; Knight, I.A.
Allen, L.R.
Coipel, J.
Jacobs,L.
Scanlan, M.J. 1993 The Embla Field 1433-1444H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Norway Generic < .T993)-0545536841/Knight et al. (1993).pdf ? o 4 Knott, S.D.
Burchell,M.T.
Jolley, E.J.
Fraser, A. J. 1993o Mesozoic to Cenozoic plate reconstructions of the North Atlantic and hydrocarbon plays of the Atlantic margins 953-974H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Northwest Europe Mesozoic; Cenozoic 8
o)-3868466505/Knott et al. (1993).pdf ? o D Larsen, B.T.
Skogseid, J.
Brekke, H.
Blystad, P.
Rise, O.
Larsen, M. 1993X The Norwegian continental margin from the Northern North Sea to the Senja Fracture Zone 951H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Norway Generic < D93)-0462996297/Larsen et al. (1993).pdf
? o Lee, M.J.
Hwang, Y.J. 1993D Tectonic evolution and structural styles of the East Shetland Basin 1137-1149H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Structural Geology UK North Sea Generic 8 2 T3)-3919489353/Lee & Wang (1993).pdf ? o
Leonard, R.C. 1993f Distribution of sub-surface pressure in the Norwegian Central Graben and applications for exploration 1295-1303H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Norway Generic 0 T (h403118665/Leonard (1993).pdf ? o Meadows, N.S.
Beach, A. 1993R Controls on reservoir quality in the Triassic Sherwood Sandstone of the Irish Sea 823-833H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Ireland Triassic @ s< P993)-0077890633/Meadows & Beach (1993).pdf ? o Miller, M.L.B.
Martin, J.H. 1993* Field management Introduction and review 1405-1408H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Generic Generic @
Morgan, R.K.
Cutts, P.L. 1993d Low-angle faulting in the Triassic of the South Viking Graben: implications for future correlations 569-579H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology NO North Sea Triassic <
= 93)-0732721737/Morgan & Cutts (1993).pdf ? o . Naylor, D.
Haughey, N.
Clayton, G.
Graham,J.R. 1993& The Kish Bank Basin, offshore Ireland 845-855H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Ireland Permian; Triassic < 3)-1236299593/Naylor et al. (1993).pdf | ? o Oakman, C.D.
Martin, J.H. 1993# Core workshop and discussion forum 1541-1542H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Clastic sedimentology Generic Generic @
yl993)-3333678921/Oakman & Martin (1993).pdf
? o Rattey, P.R.
Hayward, A.B. 1993 Sequence stratigraphy of a failed rift system: the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous basin evolution of the Central and Northern North Sea 213-249H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Stratigraphy North Sea Mesozoic D M
@d (1993)-2360844873/Rattey & Hayward (1993).pdf ? o
Smith, N.J.P. 1993R The case for exploration of deep plays in the Variscan fold belt and its foreland 667-675H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Generic Generic , V u418313/Smith (1993).pdf ? o " Smith, R.I.
Hodgson, N.
Fulton, M. 1993H Salt control on Triassic reservoir distribution, UKCS Central North Sea 547-557H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology UK North Sea Triassic < s 93)-1588439895/Smith et al. (1993).pdf ? o Spencer, A.M.
Eldholm, O. 1993d Atlantic margin exploration: Cretaceous-Tertiary evolution, basin development and petroleum geology 899H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Generic Cretaceous; Palaeogene D ( >m (1993)-3887103319/Spencer & Eldholm (1993).pdf ? o 3 Steele, R.P.
Allan, R.M.
Allinson, G.J.
Booth, A.J. 1993U Hyde: a proposed field development in the Southern North Sea using horizontal wells 1465-1472H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology UK North Sea Permian < {93)-0834052439/Steele et al. (1993).pdf
? o Stephenson, M.A. 1993< The Triassic: recent advances, discoveries and developments 545H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Generic Triassic 8 y
3)-0666504023/Stephenson (1993).pdf ? o & Stolum,H-H.
Smalley, P.C.
Hanken, N-M. 1993\ Prediction of large-scale communication in the Smorbukk fields from strontium fingerprinting 1421-1432H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Norway Jurassic <
993)-2210338647/Stolum et al. (1993).pdf
? o Stuart, I.A. 1993C The geology of the North Morecambe Gas Field, East Irish Sea Basin 883-895H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Ireland Permian; Triassic 0 rl h938631511/Stuart (1993).pdf
? o " Surlyk, F.
Noe-Nygaard, N.
Dam, G. 1993 High and low resolution sequence stratigraphy in lithological prediction-examples from the Mesozoic around the northern North Atlantic 199-214H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Stratigraphy Generic Mesozoic < 4 ;993)-3016122967/Surlyk et al. (1993).pdf ? o Vining, B.A. 1993G New plays in established areas: the Tertiary. Introduction and review 3H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology North Sea Cenozoic 0 25796695/Vining (1993).pdf
? o - Vining, B.A.
Ioannides, N. S.
Pickering, K.T. 1993d Stratigraphic relationships of some Tertiary lowstand depositional systems in the Central North Sea 17-29H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Stratigraphy Central North Sea Cenozoic < 993)-2731283031/Vining et al. (1993).pdf
? & Weston, P.J.
Davison, I.
Inslley, M.W. 1993/ Physical modelling of North Sea salt diapirism 559-567H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society
Geophysics UK North Sea Generic <
h h993)-0835812439/Weston et al. (1993).pdf
? o Wheatley, T.J. 1993< Permo-Carboniferous and older plays Introduction and review 639H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Parker, J.R. London The Geological Society Petroleum Geology Western Europe Generic 4 h -2916451927/Wheatley (1993).pdf ? # Babuska, V.
Fiala, J.
Plomerova, J. 2010W Bottom to top lithosphere structure and evolution of western Eger Rift (Central Europe) 891-907' International Journal of Earth Sciences 99 4 Structural Geologys We present model of the structure and development of the entire lithosphere beneath the western Eger Rift (ER). Its crustal architecture and paths of volcanic products are closely related to sutures/boundaries of uppermost mantle domains distinguished by different orientations of olivine fabric, derived from 3-D analysis of seismic anisotropy. Three different fabrics of the mantle lithosphere belong to the Saxothuringian (ST), Tepla-Barrandian (TB) and Moldanubian (MD) microplates assembled during the Variscan orogeny. Dipping fossil (pre-assembly) olivine orientations, consistent within each unit, do not support any voluminous mantle delamination. The variable rift structure and morphology depend on the character of the pre-rift suture between the northern ST unit and the TB/MD units in the southern rift flank. The proper rift with typical graben morphology has developed above the steep lithosphere-scale suture between the ST and TB units. This subduction-related boundary originated from the closure of the ST Ocean. Parts of the crust and mantle lithosphere were dragged there into asthenospheric depths and then rapidly uplifted. The suture is marked by abrupt change in the mantle fabric and sharp gradients in regional gravity field and in metamorphic grade. The secular TB-side-down normal movement is reflected in deep sedimentary basins, which developed since the Carboniferous to Cenozoic and in topography. The graben morphology of the ER terminates above the "triple junction" of the ST, TB and MD mantle lithospheres. The junction is characterized by offsets of surface boundaries of the tectonic units from their mantle counterparts indicating a detachment of the rigid upper crust from the mantle lithosphere. The southwest continuation of the rift features in Bavaria is expressed in occurrences of Cenozoic sediments and volcanics above an inclined broad transition zone between the ST and MD lithospheres. Schematic scenario of evolution of the region consists mainly of a subduction of the ST lithosphere to depths around 140 km, exhumation of HP-HT rocks and the post-tectonic granitoid plutonism. Copyright 2009 Springer-Verlag.
Central Europe
Carboniferous ? ! Kuester, Y.
Leiss, B.
Schramm, M. 2010~ Structural characteristics of the halite fabric type "Kristallbrocken" from the Zechstein Basin with regard to its development 505-526' International Journal of Earth Sciences 99 3
Mineralogyw The Kristallbrocken are a characteristic centimetre- to decimetre-sized, laminated halite fabric type occurring in the Stassfurt Formation in the Zechstein Basin. Up to now, the nature of the Kristallbrocken, i.e. if they are relics of fine-grained, polycrystalline halite beds or clasts of 'single crystal-layers', as well as the deformation mechanisms of this halite type, were not clear from the literature. Drill core material from the salt deposit Teutschenthal at the southern rim of the Zechstein Basin now allowed investigating less intensely deformed samples for the first time. The deformational behaviour of these Kristallbrocken ranges from brittle to ductile, which is evidenced by fractured Kristallbrocken on the one hand and weakly bent or even folded Kristallbrocken on the other hand. Local X-ray texture measurements demonstrated that the Kristallbrocken are definitely single crystals and that they can be regarded as relics of formerly larger 'single crystal-layers' of up to several dm (super 2) in size. The folded Kristallbrocken clearly display by their single grain texture characteristics that their crystal lattice is bent, which was most likely enabled by a kind of flexural-shear folding, and did not develop after deformation from a fine-grained aggregate by recrystallisation. Due to their monocrystallinity, their originally large size, and the solid inclusions forming the internal lamination, the Kristallbrocken have clearly stronger rheological properties than the surrounding fine- to coarse-grained polycrystalline rock salt, and thus also deform by fracturing. Copyright 2010 Springer-Verlag and 2008 The Author(s). Europe Zechstein ? j # Thibault, N.
Gardin, S.
Galbrun, B. 2010y Latitudinal migration of calcareous nannofossil Micula murus in the Maastrichtian; implications for global climate change 203-206 Geology Boulder 38 3 ClimateZ Micula murus is one of the main calcareous nannofossil biostratigrapic markers of Tethyan and Intermediate provinces in the upper Maastrichtian (uppermost Cretaceous). A review of its first occurrence at 14 deep-sea sites and sections shows that it is time transgressive from the Tropical Realm of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans to the intermediate latitudes of the North Atlantic, South Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and the northern Tethys. M. murus remained confined to the Tropical Realm for approximately 1.2 m.y. in the early-late Maastrichtian, thus supporting high-latitudinal thermal gradients. It subsequently spread out in the late Maastrichtian to temperate latitudes and to the Tethys in coincidence with the onset of a thermohaline circulation change ca. 67.5 Ma, suggesting a major change in surface-water circulation and interocean communications. Generic
Cretaceous< ? Hoffmann, R. 2009 A new Rhabdammina species (Foraminifera, Textulariina) with an unusual distribution pattern from Cretaceous (Germany) and Recent (Greece, Aegina) localities 215-222' Berliner Palaeobiologische Abhandlungen 10
Palaeontology A new species of agglutinated encrusting Foraminifera, Rhabdammina voigti n. sp., is described based upon the test morphology, primarily the number of tubes and the proloculus size. R. voigti n. sp. generally occurs attached on molluscs, brachiopods and echinoderm tests. The area of distribution includes continental shelves of the temperate climate zone. Fossils of R. voigti n. sp. have been recovered from the Upper Turonian to Upper Campanian of the "Munsterlander Kreidemulde" and the Lower Maastrichtian to Upper Maastrichtian of the "Norddeutsche Senke", North Germany. Recent material has been collected from Aegina, Greece. All recently known species of the genus are typical deep sea forms. In contrast, the new species R. voigti n. sp. inhabited shallow marine waters in the North Sea Basin during the Upper Cretaceous, and in the Aegean Sea at present. Probably R. voigti n. sp. occupied the same habitats during the Cenozoic, but is unrecorded up to now or migrated into deep sea after the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary for a long time. Germany
Cretaceous g? Toucanne, S.
Zaragosi, S.
Bourillet, J-F.
Marieu, V.
Cremer, M.
Kageyama, M.
Van Vliet-Lanoe, B.
Eynaud, F.
Turon, J-L.
Gibbard, G. L. 2010 The first estimation of Fleuve Manche palaeoriver discharge during the last deglaciation; evidence for Fennoscandian ice sheet meltwater flow in the English Channel ca 20-18 ka ago 459-473# Earth and Planetary Science Letters 290 3-4 Glacial Geology The Fleuve Manche (English Channel) palaeoriver represents the largest river system that drained the European continent during Pleistocene lowstands, particularly during the Elsterian (Marine Isotope Stage 12) and Saalian Drenthe (MIS 6) glaciations when extensive ice advances into the North Sea area forced the central European rivers to flow southwards to the Bay of Biscay (NE Atlantic). Numerous long piston cores and high-resolution acoustic data from the northern Bay of Biscay have been correlated using a well-constrained chronostratigraphical framework, and for the first time allow the estimation of the discharge of the Fleuve Manche palaeoriver at the end of the last glacial period (i.e. Weichselian). Our results, discussed in the light of relationships between river loads and drainage area characteristics, strongly suggest that the Bay of Biscay collected sediment-laden meltwater from the Northern European lowlands and the southern part of the Fennoscandian ice sheet at the end of the last glacial period and particularly during the paroxysmal phase of the European deglaciation ca 20-18 ka ago. This demonstrates that the Fleuve Manche drainage area at that time was equivalent to those dating from the major Elsterian and Saalian Drenthe glaciations. Based on our data, we propose a revision of the palaeogeographical and palaeoglaciological evolution of the North Sea area while showing that the British and Fennoscandian ice sheets entered the North Sea basin until ca 18 ka initiating isostatic adjustment of the basin. This allowed the North Sea fluvial system to flow southwards through the Dover Strait. Finally, we discuss the Fleuve Manche freshwater discharge during the maximum European ice sheet retreat ca 18 ka. The estimated discharge at this time appears important and sufficiently sustained to possibly contribute to the profound destabilisation of the thermohaline circulation recognised in the North Atlantic from ca 18 to 16 ka. UK
Quaternary ? ~ Thomas, H.
Schiettecatte, L-S.
Suykens, K.
Kone, Y.J-M.
Shadwick, E.H.
Prowe, A. E. F.
Bozec, Y.
de Baar, H.J. W.
Borges, A.V. 2009W Enhanced ocean carbon storage from anaerobic alkalinity generation in coastal sediments 267-274 Biogeosciences 6 2 Clastic sedimentology The coastal ocean is a crucial link between land, the open ocean and the atmosphere. The shallowness of the water column permits close interactions between the sedimentary, aquatic and atmospheric compartments, which otherwise are decoupled at long time scales ( congruent to 1000 yr) in the open oceans. Despite the prominent role of the coastal oceans in absorbing atmospheric CO (sub 2) and transferring it into the deep oceans via the continental shelf pump, the underlying mechanisms remain only partly understood. Evaluating observations from the North Sea, a NW European shelf sea, we provide evidence that anaerobic degradation of organic matter, fuelled from land and ocean, generates total alkalinity (A (sub T) ) and increases the CO (sub 2) buffer capacity of seawater. At both the basin wide and annual scales anaerobic A (sub T) generation in the North Sea's tidal mud flat area irreversibly facilitates 7-10%, or taking into consideration benthic denitrification in the North Sea, 20-25% of the North Sea's overall CO (sub 2) uptake. At the global scale, anaerobic A (sub T) generation could be accountable for as much as 60% of the uptake of CO (sub 2) in shelf and marginal seas, making this process, the anaerobic pump, a key player in the biological carbon pump. Under future high CO (sub 2) conditions oceanic CO (sub 2) storage via the anaerobic pump may even gain further relevance because of stimulated ocean productivity. North Sea Generic 7? ! Soliman, A.
Head, M.J.
Louwye, S. 2009p Morphology and distribution of the Miocene dinoflagellate cyst Operculodinium? borgerholtense Louwye 2001, emend 73-84
Palynology 33 2 PalaeogeographyG The extinct, organic-walled, proximochorate dinoflagellate cyst Operculodinium? borgerholtense Louwye 2001 was first described from Miocene shallow-marine deposits of northern Belgium, and has since been documented from the Miocene of the eastern North Atlantic, North Sea, Austria, Hungary, and Egypt. Conventional and confocal light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy are used to reveal new details of the archeopyle, wall structure, and ornament. The archeopyle is shown to have well-defined rather than rounded angles, a distinction we consider significant in assigning this species only provisionally to the genus. Operculodinium? borgerholtense was a euryhaline neritic species highly tolerant of environmental stress, a feature consistent with its morphological variability. Present records indicate a tropical-subtropical to temperate paleoclimatic distribution. It ranges from the upper Lower Miocene to upper Middle Miocene, and promises to be a useful stratigraphic marker particularly in neritic settings where adverse paleoenvironmental factors have excluded other species. Belgium Neogene o? + Zachariah, A.J.
Gawthorpe, R. L.
Dreyer, T. 2009 Evolution and strike variability of early post-rift deep-marine depositional systems; Lower to Mid-Cretaceous, North Viking Graben, Norwegian North Sea 60-76 Sedimentary Geology 22 1-2 Clastic sedimentology5 The controls and development of early-post-rift, deep-water depositional systems are poorly understood due to their commonly deeply-buried nature. As a consequence, in the subsurface there is usually a lack of well penetrations and/or weak seismic imaging. At outcrop, early post-rift strata have commonly been deformed beyond reasonable recognition by later inversion tectonics. In contrast to these systems, the North Viking Graben shows a well-imaged Cretaceous early post-rift package with good well control and little effect from inversion. Therefore, this paper examines the early post-rift, deep-water depositional systems of the North Viking Graben to determine the controls on their stratigraphic position, geometry and evolution, and thus provide an analogue for comparable systems. Greater understanding of such systems will allow for the enhanced prediction of reservoir units in the subsurface and development of new play models since post-rift intervals are generally under-explored. The basin configuration inherited by the Cretaceous early post-rift in the northern North Sea was set up by Permo-Triassic and Late Jurassic rifting. In the North Viking Graben this established considerable along-strike variability, resulting in a northern basin segment surrounded by steep slopes and faulted-bounded structural highs and a southern basin segment margined by slopes with noticeably gentler gradients. Associated with the Cretaceous post-rift is an overall transgressional trend, which drowned local source areas, resulting in prevalent carbonate and hemipelagic mudstone deposition in the basins. In the North Viking Graben, the uplifted Oseberg fault-block provided the sub-aerial clastic source area until it was submerged in the early Upper Cretaceous. The early post-rift infill of the North Viking Graben was divided into four key seismic stratigraphic units (K1, K2, K3 and K4) using an integration of seismic and well data. Inside this stratigraphic framework, the depositional systems within each K-unit were resolved from characteristic seismic facies, amplitude anomalies, relationship with adjacent reflections, and geomorphologies. In the northern basin segment, the early post-rift stratigraphy contains basin-floor fans, a channel complex and a shoreline-like geometry, whereas the southern basin segment is solely characterised by hemipelagic and carbonate deposition. This spatial variability indicates that one of the dominant controls on the development of the early post-rift depositional systems in the North Viking Graben was the inherited syn-rift fault-controlled topography. The steep slopes bounding the northern basin segment aided the delivery of sediment from the sub-aerial Oseberg source area to the graben whereas the submerged, gentle slopes in the southern basin segment were relatively sediment-starved. Long- and short-term changes in relative sea-level also heavily influenced the evolution of the early post-rift basin stratigraphy. Short-term relative sea-level fall allowed basin-floor fan emplacement whereas short-term relative sea-level stand-still favoured deposition of a channel complex. Deposition of the shoreface-like geometry is associated with a short-term relative sea-level rise. This temporal difference in the style and scale of the depositional systems is also interpreted to reflect the gradual denudation and drowning of the Oseberg source area. Regional short-term trangressive and anoxic events in the northern North Sea further influenced the early post-rift strata, resulting in the deposition of stratigraphic units that can be correlated across the North Sea. NO North Sea
Cretaceous
(4 3 Jagt, J.W. M.
Fraaije, R. H. B.
van Bakel, B. W. M. 2009 A late Miocene astropectinid (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and associated ichnofossils from Liessel, province of Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands 127-131" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 88 2
Palaeontology Comparison with extant Astropectinidae (Astropecten irregularis (Pennant, 1777); see Mortensen, 1977, fig. 32) suggests that MAB 1069 represents an individual with an estimated disc diameter (=r) of c. 12 mm and an arm length, measured from the centre of the disc (=R), of c. 36 mm. In Neogene strata in the North Sea Basin, more or less well-preserved asteroids are extremely rare. Only those forms with relatively sturdy marginal ossicles, such as Astropectinidae and Goniasteridae, are well represented, albeit often as dissociated remains of arm and disc. Of other families, for example Luidiidae, material has been described previously, but fossil material of a highly characteristic and common form such as the extant Asterias rubens Linnaeus, 1758 (Asteriidae) is completely unknown. To date, only Janssen (1972) and Jagt (1991) have recorded a number of early and middle Miocene species, often in open nomenclature, to which Herman & Marquet (2007) added well-preserved and fairly rich 'populations' of goniasterids from the upper Miocene in the Kallo area, province of Antwerpen (Belgium). Elsewhere in Europe there is a far superior record of asteroids. Near-complete skeletons of Astropectinidae (genus Astropecten), Goniasteridae (genus Ceramaster Verrill, 1899) and Luidiidae (genus Luidia Forbes, 1839) are known from the middle Miocene (Langhian/Serravallian) of the Paratethys (e.g., southeast Poland, Ukraine, Austria and Romania). Reference is made to papers by Nosowska (1997), Radwanski & Wysocka (2001, 2004), Binder (2002), Kroh (2007) and Jagt & Codrea (in press) for details. Dissociated marginal ossicles assigned to Ceramaster are also known from the Oligocene of Denmark and northern Germany (Wienberg Rasmussen, 1951; Kutscher, 1980, 1985) as well as from the middle Miocene of Winterswijk-Miste (Jagt, 1991). Without doubt, MAB 1069 is the best-preserved Neogene astropectinid from the North Sea Basin recorded so far. Unfortunately, the material cannot be identified specifically, because superomarginal ossicles cannot be observed and tubercles/arm spines are not preserved or cannot be made out precisely. In view of the width of the inferomarginal ossicles it certainly cannot be assigned to the Recent taxon Astropecten irregularis, nor to Miocene material described and illustrated by Janssen (1972) and Jagt (1991). A comparison with well-preserved specimens from Poland and the Ukraine, in particular with Astropecten navodicensis Nosowska, 1997, and A. forbesi Heller, 1858, shows that those are different species, with longer and more slender arms (see also Radwanski & Wysocka, 2001, 2004). Neogene astropectinids are widely distributed throughout Europe and North America (Blake, 1973), but since generally only dissociated skeletal elements are available, identification to species will rarely be feasible (Kaczmarska, 1987; Kroh, 2007). Astropectinids are typical carnivores which feed on sponges, molluscs, crabs, corals, worms and other echinoderms (Blake, 1989, 1990). Netherlands Neogene GeoRef Ovid Technologies English 8 oRef Ovid Technologies English ? Fairburn, W. A. 2009T Landforms and the geological evolution of the Vale of York during the late Devensian 145-153/ Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 3-4 . Geology Preliminary landform mapping over the York terminal moraine showed that persistent terraces on the sides of the moraine are strandlines that must have formed during regression of pro-glacial Lake Humber. Of widespread significance is a conspicuous shoreline between 30 and 35 m above OD that lasted for sufficient time to develop both erosional and depositional lacustrine terraces. This surface is contemporaneous with the 100 Foot Strandline mapped on the western side of the Vale of York, on the Permian escarpment. Between the Escrick and York moraines there are two additional major strandlines, with associated littoral and lacustrine deposits, that effectively subdivide the fluvioglacial sediments of the Vale of York into three offlapping planar landforms, with lateral erosional contacts independent of lithology. Above the 100 Foot Strandline, mounds and ridges of till form prominent landmarks, such as Severs Howe near York. The North Sea ice could not have plugged the Humber mouth until the Vale of York glacier had formed the York Moraine, and must have remained long enough for a prolonged stillstand of Lake-Humber at c. 33 m above OD. Subsequent stillstands, recorded on the southern face of the York Moraine at c. 20 m and c. 14 m above OD (lowering to c. 15 m and c. 10 m above OD at Escrick), mark stages in the unplugging of the Humber mouth from either ice or till. The mapping also suggests that the Crockey Hill 'esker' consists of erosional remnants, preserved on interfluves, of a fluvial gravel sheet. UK
Quaternary ? Q Marcussen, O.
Thyberg, B. I.
Peltonen, C.
Jahren, J.
Bjorlykke, K.
Faleide, F. I. 2009u Physical properties of Cenozoic mudstones from the northern North Sea; impact of clay mineralogy on compaction trends 127-1505 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 93 1
MineralogyO Vertical and lateral changes in physical properties in Cenozoic mudstones from the northern North Sea Basin reflect differences in the primary mineralogical composition and burial history, which provides information about sedimentary facies and provenance. Integration of well-log data with mineralogical information shows the effect of varying clay mineralogy on compaction curves in mudstones. The main controlling factor for the compaction of Eocene to early Miocene mudstones within the North Sea is the smectite content, which is derived from volcanic sources located northwest of the North Sea. Mudstones with high smectite content are characterized by low P-wave velocities and bulk densities compared to mudstones with other clay mineral assemblages at the same burial depths. Smectitic clays are important during mechanical compaction because they are less compressible than other types of clay minerals. A comparison between well-log data and experimental work also shows that smectite may be a controlling factor for overpressure generation in the smectite-rich Eocene and Oligocene sediments. At greater burial depths and temperatures (>70-80 degrees C), the dissolution of smectite and precipitation of illite and quartz significantly increases velocities and densities. Miocene and younger mudstones from the northern North Sea have generally low smectite contents and as a result have higher velocities and densities than Eocene and Oligocene mudstones. Lateral differences in the compaction trends between the north and south for these sediments also exist, which may be related to two different source areas in the Pliocene. The log-derived petrophysical data from the northern North Sea Basin show that mudstone lithologies have very different compaction trends depending on the primary composition. Simplified compaction curves may therefore affect the outcomes from basin modeling. The amplitude-versus-offset response of hydrocarbon sands and the seismic signature on seismic sections are also dependent on the petrophysical properties of mudstones and will vary depending on the mineralogical composition. Northern North Sea Cenozoic ? = Conliffe, J.
Blamey, N. F.
Feely, M.
Parnell, J.
Ryder, A. G. 2010e Hydrocarbon migration in the Porcupine Basin, offshore Ireland; evidence from fluid inclusion studies 67-76 Petroleum Geoscience 16 1
Diagenesis A petrographic and microthermometric study of fluid inclusions in Jurassic and Cretaceous sandstones from the Porcupine Basin, offshore Ireland was integrated with innovative fluorescence lifetime measurements of hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions to determine the compositions of the fluids associated with diagenesis and post-diagenetic fluid migration and the extent of hydrocarbon and aqueous fluid migration pathways. Petrographic analyses indicate that Jurassic strata were the main fluid migration pathways for hydrocarbon fluids and that hydrocarbon migration occurred relatively late in the diagenetic history of these sandstones. UV fluorescence and fluorescence lifetime measurements have recognized at least two chemically distinct hydrocarbon groups (Types 1a and 1b) with dissimilar lifetime-wavelength (tau -lambda ) profiles, consistent with at least two petroleum charges derived from different sources. Primary aqueous inclusions in authigenic cements show that cementation in Cretaceous sandstones occurred at relatively shallow levels at low temperatures (<50 degrees C), while inclusions in authigenic cements in Jurassic sandstones were trapped at higher temperatures (70-120 degrees C) and deeper levels. Aqueous fluid inclusions in intergranular trails indicate that post-cementation fluid migration occurred at high temperatures (up to 175 degrees C). These high temperature fluid migrations are interpreted to be associated with plume-related activity during the opening of the North Atlantic. Ireland Cretaceous; Jurassic
? g Mitchell, A.J.
Ulicny, D.
Hampson, G.J.
Allison, P.A.
Gorman, G.J.
Piggott, M.D.
Wells, M.R.
Pain. C.C. 2010 Modelling tidal current-induced bed shear stress and palaeocirculation in an epicontinental seaway; the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Central Europe 359-388
Sedimentology 57 Clastic sedimentologyU Lower to Middle Turonian deposits within the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin (Central Europe) consist of coarse-grained deltaic sandstones passing distally into fine-grained offshore sediments. Dune-scale cross-beds superimposed on delta-front clinoforms indicate a vigorous basinal palaeocirculation capable of transporting coarse-grained sand across the entire depth range of the clinoforms (ca 35 m). Bi-directional, alongshore-oriented, trough cross-set axes, silt drapes and reactivation surfaces indicate tidal activity. However, the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin at this time was over a thousand kilometres from the shelf break and separated from the open ocean by a series of small islands. The presence of tidally-influenced deposits in a setting where co-oscillating tides are likely to have been damped down by seabed friction and blocked by emergent land masses is problematic. The Imperial College Ocean Model, a fully hydrodynamic, unstructured mesh finite element model, is used to test the hypothesis that tidal circulation in this isolated region was capable of generating the observed grain-size distributions, bedform types and palaeocurrent orientations. The model is first validated for the prediction of bed shear stress magnitudes and sediment transport pathways against the present-day North European shelf seas that surround the British Isles. The model predicts a microtidal to mesotidal regime for the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin across a range of sensitivity tests with elevated tidal ranges in local embayments. Funnelling associated with straits increases tidal current velocities, generating bed shear stresses that were capable of forming the sedimentary structures observed in the field. The model also predicts instantaneous bi-directional currents with orientations comparable with those measured in the field. Overall, the Imperial College Ocean Model predicts a vigorous tide-driven palaeocirculation within the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin that would indisputably have influenced sediment dispersal and facies distributions. Palaeocurrent vectors and sediment transport pathways however vary markedly in the different sensitivity tests. Accurate modelling of these parameters, in this instance, requires greater palaeogeographic certainty than can be extracted from the available rock record. Abstract Copyright (2010), International Association of Sedimentologists. Central Europe
Cretaceous? ' Rodrigues, N.
Cobbold, P. R.
Loseth, H. 2009% Physical modelling of sand injectites 610-632 Tectonophysics 474 3-4 Clastic sedimentology Sand injectites are structures that result from intrusion of fluidized sand into fractures. We have studied them in the Tampen Spur area of the North Sea, and have reproduced them experimentally, by driving compressed air through layers of sand, glass microspheres, and silica powder. The silica powder was cohesive and capable of hydraulic fracturing, whereas the sand and glass microspheres were almost non-cohesive and therefore able to fluidize. The models were dynamically similar to their natural counterparts, for as long as equilibrium was static. When the processes became dynamic, so that inertial forces were significant, the scaling was approximate and the corresponding Reynolds numbers differed. The experimental apparatus was a square box, 1 m x 1 m wide, resting on a grid of fluid diffusers. During the experiments, the fluid pressure increased, until it attained and surpassed the weight of overburden. Flat-lying hydraulic fractures, containing air, formed within cohesive and least permeable layers. Heterogeneities in material properties and layer thicknesses were responsible for localizing fracture networks. When any one network broke through to the surface, rapid flow of air through the fractures fluidized the underlying mobile materials and even depleted some of the layers. Some of the fluidized material extruded at the surface through vents, forming volcanoes and sheets. The remainder lodged at depth, forming sand injectites or laccoliths. Conical sand injectites formed preferentially, where layers had high resistance to bending. Laccoliths formed nearer the surface, where overlying layers had low resistance to bending. The experimental sand injectites were broadly similar to those in the Tampen Spur area of the North Sea, as well as other areas. North Sea Cenozoic .? 5 Gabrielsen, P. T.
Brevik, I.
Mittet, R.
Loseth, L. O. 2009c Investigating the exploration potential for 3D CSEM using a calibration survey over the Troll Field 67-75 First Break 27
Geophysics3 We demonstrate the ability of the controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) technique to reveal hydrocarbon reservoirs by reinvestigating the North Sea Troll field with a 3D acquisition grid. Unlike previous applications of 2D CSEM surveys over this field, which have shown a large electromagnetic response over the gas province, the focus in this study is on the thinner and smaller oil reservoir. A weak but consistent anomaly enables detection and delineation of the oil zone and reduces the ambiguity associated with traditional 2D lines. This holds true even for a sparse receiver grid where the target is located between the receiver and source lines. The 3D data show the extent of the oil zone and that it is matched to the top reservoir structural high as well as north-south aligned faults. Variation in magnitude of the anomaly is qualitatively in good correlation with resistivity logs at the well locations. This suggests that 3D CSEM data pave the way for exploration use because of its superiority over 2D data in terms of reduced sensitivity to survey layouts.
NO North Sea
Cretaceous ? / De Meersman, K.
Kendall, J. M.
Van der Baan, M. 2009z The 1998 Valhall microseismic data set; an integrated study of relocated sources, seismic multiplets, and S-wave splitting B183-B195
Geophysics 74 5
Geophysics We relocate 303 microseismic events recorded in 1998 by sensors in a single borehole in the North Sea Valhall oil field. A semiautomated array analysis method repicks the P- and S-wave arrival times and P-wave polarizations, which are needed to locate these events. The relocated sources are confined predominantly to a 50-m-thick zone just above the reservoir, and location uncertainties are half those of previous efforts. Multiplet analysis identifies 40 multiplet groups, which include 208 of the 303 events. The largest group contains 24 events, and five groups contain 10 or more events. Within each multiplet group, we further improve arrival-time picking through crosscorrelation, which enhances the relative accuracy of the relocated events and reveals that more than 99% of the seismic activity lies spatially in three distinct clusters. The spatial distribution of events and wave-form similarities reveal two fault-like structures that match well with north-northwest-south-southeast-trending fault planes interpreted from 3D surface seismic data. Most waveform differences between multiplet groups located on these faults can be attributed to S-wave phase content and polarity or P-to-S amplitude ratio. The range in P-to-S amplitude ratios observed on the faults is explained best in terms of varying source mechanisms. We also find a correlation between multiplet groups and temporal variations in seismic anisotropy, as revealed by S-wave splitting analysis. We explain these findings in the context of a cyclic recharge and dissipation of cap-rock stresses in response to production-driven compaction of the underlying oil reservoir. The cyclic nature of this mechanism drives the short-term variations in seismic anisotropy and the reactivation of microseismic source mechanisms over time. NO North Sea Generic ? M Wells, M.R.
Allison, P.A.
Piggott, M.D.
Hampson, G.J.
Pain, C.C.
Gorman, G.J. 2010 Tidal modeling of an ancient tide-dominated seaway, part 1: Model validation and application to global Early Cretaceous (Aptian) tides 393-410 Journal of Sedimentary Research 80 5 Geology The utility of deep-time global paleotidal modeling is evaluated with a series of modeling experiments focused on the Early Cretaceous (Aptian). The results from a series of paleobathymetry sensitivity experiments indicate that, despite paleogeographic and paleobathymetric uncertainty, appropriate use of global paleotidal models complements and enhances stratigraphic and sedimentological methods. Before being applied to global paleotidal modeling, the Imperial College Ocean Model (ICOM) is validated for the computation of modern global tides. The ICOM results only deviate slightly from a "state-of-the-art" published model and were achieved with considerably less computational expense and without data assimilation. The results from global paleotidal modeling of the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) were assessed by comparison with the published geological record. ICOM predicts high mesotidal to macrotidal ranges on the Arabian Platform, around India (especially to the north and west), along the Pacific coast between North and South America, northeast of Australia, and around Southeast Asia. The model predicts low microtidal ranges in the proto-South Atlantic Ocean and Weddell Sea. A further validation test assessed the ability of the model to predict the dominant tidal constituents (diurnal or semidiurnal) in the Aptian "Lower Greensand Seaway" of southeastern England and Northern France. During the Aptian this region was connected to the Boreal, Proto-Atlantic, and Neotethys oceans and now preserves superbly documented tidal deposits. The model predicts low microtidal ranges in the proto-Central Atlantic Ocean and Boreal Ocean, suggesting that they had little impact on tides in the Lower Greensand Seaway. Higher tidal amplitudes, especially of diurnal (once-daily) tides, are predicted in the northwestern Neotethys Ocean, suggesting that this ocean was an important source of tidal energy to the Lower Greensand Seaway. Sensitivity tests to paleogeographic and paleobathymetric uncertainty indicate that the model predictions are robust. The prediction of predominantly diurnal tides is supported by published analyses of large dune-scale deposits in the Lower Greensand of southeast England.
UK; France
Cretaceous i? Hagedorn, E.-M.
Boenigk, W. 2008u The Pliocene and Quaternary sedimentary and fluvial history in the Upper Rhine Graben based on heavy mineral analyses 21-32" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 87 1\ heavy minerals, lithofacies, Pliocene, Quaternary, stratigraphy, Upper Rhine Graben, Germany Clastic sedimentology Germany Neogene D ( (2007)-3695706220/Hagedorn & Boenigk (2007).pdfL? Von Hartmann, H 2003r Deformation of the Carboniferous on the Oldenburg High and the Location of the Variscan Front in Northwesy Germany 169-176" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 82 2I 3D-seismic, Graben, Karbon, Northwest Geramny, Rotliegend, Variscan Front Structural Geology Germany
Carboniferous 8 -1163475052/Von_Hartman (2003).pdf ? 9 Houtgast, R.F.
Van Balen, R.T
Kasse, C.
Vandenberghe, J.. 2003 Late Quaternary tectonic evolution and postseismic near surface fault displacements along the Geleen Fault (Feldbiss Fault Zone-Roer Valley Rift System, The Netherlands),based on trenching 177-196" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 82 2 Active tectonics, coseismic, earthquakes, Feldbiss Fault Zone, Geleen Fault, Roer Valley Graben, nonseismic, paleoseismology, postseismic Structural Geology Netherlands
Quaternary @ x U2003)-1986386540/Houtgast et al. (2003).pdf ? Madsen, H.B.
Stemmerik, L. 2010W Diagenesis of Flint and porcellanitein the Maastrichtian chalk at Stevns klint, Denmark 578-588 Journal of Sedimentary Research 80
Diagenesis Denmark
Cretaceous H & ]ik (2010)-2970245229/Madsen & Stemmerik (2010).pdf ? Posamentier, H.
Kolla, V. 2003V Seismic geomorphology and stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-water settings 367-388 Journal of Sedimentary Research 73 3 Geology Generic Generic H 8
{lla (2003)-3423955565/Posamentier & Kolla (2003).pdf ? m Nance, R.D.
Gutierrez, A.G.
Keppie, J.D.
Linnemann, U.
Murphy, J.B.
Quesada, C.
Strachan, R.A.
Woodcock, N.H. 2010 Evolution of the Rheic Ocean 194-222 Gondwana Research 17 2-3 Structural Geology The Rheic Ocean, which separated Laurussia from Gondwana following the closure of Iapetus, is arguably the most important ocean of the Palaeozoic. Its suture extends from Mexico to Turkey and its closure produced the climactic Variscan-Alleghanian-Ouachita orogeny that assembled the supercontinent, Pangaea. Following protracted Cambrian rifting that represented a continuum from Neoproterozoic orogenic processes, the Rheic Ocean opened in the Early Ordovician with the separation of several Neoproterozoic arc terranes from the continental margin of northern Gondwana. Separation occurred along the line of a former Neoproterozoic suture following the onset of subduction in the outboard Iapetus Ocean. The timing of rift-drift transition and drive for subsequent spreading was likely governed by slab pull, accounting for the rapid rate (8-10 cm/yr) at which the Rheic Ocean widened. During the Ordovician, the ocean broadened at the expense of Iapetus and attained its greatest width ( approximately 4000 km) in the Silurian, by which time Baltica had sutured to Laurentia and the Neoproterozoic arc terranes had accreted to Laurussia, closing Iapetus in the process. Closure of the Rheic Ocean began in the Devonian and was facilitated by northward subduction beneath southern Baltica and southward subduction beneath northwest Gondwana. Closure was largely complete by the Mississippian as Gondwana and Laurussia sutured to build Pangaea, North Africa colliding with southern Europe to create the Variscan orogen in the Devonian-Carboniferous, and West Africa and South America suturing to North America to form the Alleghanian and Ouachita orogens, respectively, during the Carboniferous-Permian. The Rheic Ocean consequently plays a dominant role in the basement geology of southern Europe, in the Appalachian-Ouachita orogeny of North America, and in the Palaeozoic sedimentary, structural and tectonothermal record from Middle America to the Middle East. With its closure, the ocean brought about the assembly of Pangaea and brought the Palaeozoic Era to an end. Generic
Palaeozoic ? & Piper, D.J.W.
Noftall, R.
Pe-Piper, G. 2010 Allochthonous prodeltaic sediment facies in the Lower Cretaceous at the Tantallon M-41 well; implications for the deep-water Scotian Basin 87-1045 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 94 1 . Clastic sedimentology Lower Cretaceous shelf-margin deltas in the Scotian Basin prograded across a deep outer-shelf platform and may have supplied sand to the deep-water Scotian margin. Conventional core from the Tantallon M-41 well was used to evaluate sediment facies and evidence for the transfer of deltaic sand to deep water. Two cores with shallow-water lithofacies show sediment deformation structures, resulting from surficial debris flow and deeper seated landsliding of deltaic sediment, interpreted by a comparison with modern sea-floor piston cores. Both mass-movement types produced a basal strongly foliated mudstone. Such allochthonous blocks create potential pitfalls in interpretation of paleowater depth from sedimentary structures in conventional core and microfossils in ditch cuttings. Autochthonous sediment on the deep outer-shelf platform is a distinctive red-brown mudstone with rare turbidite sandstone beds. The deepest core consists of thin-bedded sandstone turbidites showing Bouma T (sub b-c-d) intervals and fading ripples characteristic of overbank settings, deposited on a high adjacent to 50-150-m (160-500-ft)-deep channels. These sandstones provide direct evidence that sand was transferred through channels into deep water in the Early Cretaceous. Sandy turbidity currents were sourced both by prodeltaic failure and transformation and by hyperpycnal flow from the mountainous rivers that supplied sediment to the Scotian Basin. UK
Cretaceous K? 3 Camps, A. P.
Long, D.
Rochelle, C. A.
Lovell, M. A. 20091 Mapping hydrate stability zones offshore Scotland 81-91K Sediment-hosted gas hydrates: new insights on natural and synthetic systems 319/ Long, D.
Lovell, M. A.
Rees, J.
Rochelle, C. A. London' Geological Society Special Publications Petroleum Geology One practical method to reduce environmentally damaging greenhouse gas emissions is through the geological storage of carbon dioxide. Deep, warm storage of carbon dioxide is currently taking place at Sleipner, North Sea and Weyburn, Canada. It is, however, also possible to store carbon dioxide as a liquid and hydrate in cool, sub-seabed sediments. Offshore north and west of Scotland seafloor pressures and temperatures are suitable for hydrate formation. In addition to the possibility of natural methane hydrate being present in this region, conditions may also be favourable for carbon dioxide storage as a liquid and hydrate. A computer program has been developed to calculate the depth to the base of the carbon dioxide and methane hydrate stability zones in two offshore regions: the Faeroe-Shetland Channel and the northern Rockall Trough. Results predict that methane hydrate remains stable to a maximum depth of 650 m below the seabed in the Faeroe-Shetland Channel, and 600 m below the seabed in the northern Rockall Trough; the carbon dioxide hydrate stability zone extends below the seabed to a depth of 345 and 280 m, respectively. No physical evidence for the existence of natural hydrate in these regions has been confirmed. Suitable conditions for carbon dioxide storage as a liquid and hydrate exist, and should this storage method be developed further, a more refined program and greater offshore investigations to improve data sets would be necessary to scope the full potential. UK North Sea Generic < ? m Chadwick, A.
Williams, G. D.
Delepine, N.
Clochard, V.
Labat, K.
Sturton, S.
Buddensiek, M.L.
Dillen, M.
Nickel, M.
Lima, A L.
Arts, R.
Neele, F.
Rossi, G. 2010a Quantitative analysis of time-lapse seismic monitoring data at the Sleipner CO2 storage operation 170-177 The Leading Edge 29 2
Geophysicsi The CO (sub 2) storage operation at Sleipner in the Norwegian North Sea provides an excellent demonstration of the application of time-lapse surface seismic methods to CO (sub 2) plume monitoring under favorable conditions. Injection commenced at Sleipner in 1996 with CO (sub 2) separated from natural gas being injected into the Utsira Sand, a major saline aquifer of late Cenozoic age. CO (sub 2) injection is via a near-horizontal well at a depth of about 1012 m below sea level (bsl) some 200 m below the reservoir top, at a rate approaching 1 million tonnes (Mt) per year, with more than 11 Mt currently stored. NO North Sea Genericg? ' Jackson, M. D.
Hampson, G.J.
Sech, R.P. 2009 Three-dimensional modeling of a shoreface-shelf parasequence reservoir analog; Part 2, Geologic controls on fluid flow and hydrocarbon recovery 1183-12085 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 93 9 Stratigraphy Wave-dominated, shoreface-shelf parasequences are commonly modeled as simple layer-cake reservoirs, yet analysis of modern and ancient analogs demonstrates that these intervals contain a more complex physical stratigraphy. We investigate the impact of depositional and diagenetic heterogeneity associated with gently dipping clinoform surfaces on fluid flow and recovery during water flooding, using a three-dimensional model reconstructed from a well-exposed outcrop analog. We demonstrate that the volume of oil in place is affected by variations in facies thickness associated with interfingering along clinoforms, whereas waterflood sweep efficiency is affected by barriers to flow along clinoform surfaces, such as calcite-cemented layers, mudstones, and siltstones. Sweep efficiency is low when water flooding is down depositional dip because oil is bypassed at the toe of each clinothem as water flows preferentially through high-quality sandstone facies in the upper part of the parasequence. Sweep efficiency is higher when water flooding is up depositional dip because the gravity-driven, downward flow of water sweeps poorer-quality sandstone facies in the lower part of the parasequence. In both cases, injectors may offer limited pressure support to producers. Water flooding along depositional strike yields good pressure support but poor sweep because the gravity-driven flow of water into the lower part of the parasequence is significantly reduced. This yields highly variable fluid saturations but a uniform pressure gradient, which is consistent with pressure and fluid saturation data from the mature Rannoch Formation reservoir, Brent field, United Kingdom North Sea. Simple layer-cake models fail to capture the range of flow behaviors described above and overpredict recovery by up to 20% as a result. UK North Sea Jurassic ?
' Brittain, J.M.
Higgs, K.T.
Riding. J.B. 2010\ The palynology of the Pabay Shale Formation (Lower Jurassic) of SW Raasay, northern Scotland 67-75 Scottish Journal of Geology 1 Stratigraphy A thermally-mature palynomorph assemblage containing significant proportions of the characteristic dinoflagellate cyst Liasidium variabile Drugg 1978 was recovered from the Lower Jurassic Pabay Shale Formation of SW Raasay. This is the first record of this biostratigraphically important species from the Jurassic of onshore Scotland. Liasidium variabile is a zonal index for the late Sinemurian in NW Europe, and this occurrence allows a correlation to the Oxynotum Zone of this substage. This is the first evidence for this chronozone on Raasay. Furthermore, the presence of morphotypes A and B of Liasidium variabile indicates a probable correlation to the Oxynotum Subzone of the Oxynotum Zone. This interpretation is not consistent with a hiatus within the upper Sinemurian succession on Raasay. UK Jurassic
? 0 Meyer, H.
Hetzel, R.
Fuegenschuh, B.
Strauss, H. 2010 Determining the growth rate of topographic relief using in situ-produced (super 10) Be; a case study in the Black Forest, Germany 391-402# Earth and Planetary Science Letters 290 3-4 Structural GeologyW To determine how topographic relief in mountainous regions evolves through time we present a new approach that uses in situ-produced cosmogenic (super 10) Be to quantify (1) spatially averaged denudation rates of small watersheds and (2) local denudation rates of the ridge crests bounding these basins. The technique is applied to two catchments in the Black Forest, a forested mountain range with a local relief of a few hundred meters, which is typical for ranges in central Europe. Both the Acher and the Gutach catchments expose predominantly Carboniferous granite, and only minor amounts of high-grade gneiss and Triassic sandstone. The latter occurs on ridges defining the eastern boundaries of the catchments, above a regional unconformity. In the Acher and northern Gutach watersheds denudation rates of subcatchments derived from (super 10) Be concentrations in stream sediment range from 52 to 87 mm/ka and 59 to 91 mm/ka, respectively. In contrast, grus samples from the ridge crests bounding both watersheds yield lower denudation rates of 34 to 59 mm/ka. The differences in denudation rates for sample pairs from individual subcatchments and adjacent ridge crests reveals that topographic relief is growing at a mean rate of 24 + or - 12 mm/ka (with the exception of the flat southwestern part of the Gutach catchment, where catchment-wide denudation rates are similar to the rate of ridge crest lowering). The inferred rates of denudation and relief growth are consistent with erosion rates calculated from the known thickness of Triassic to Lower Jurassic sediments, which were once present above the regional unconformity but have been largely eroded during the exhumation of the Black Forest. The onset of exhumation nearly equal 19 Ma ago is constrained by thermal modelling of apatite fission track data, which suggest a cooling rate of nearly equal 3 degrees C/Ma. Combined with a geothermal gradient of 30 to 40 degrees C/km this cooling rate yields an average exhumation rate of 75-100 mm/ka for the modelled apatite fission track data, which is comparable to spatially averaged denudation rates derived from cosmogenic (super 10) Be. Our new approach may help to determine whether tectonically active mountain ranges are in a topographic steady state, in which rates of rock uplift and denudation are equal, or if such a dynamic equilibrium has not yet been attained. Germany Generic ? 3 Hendriks, B. W. H.
Osmundsen, P. T.
Redfield, T. F. 2010e Normal faulting and block tilting in Lofoten and Vesteralen constrained by apatite fission track data 154-163 Tectonophysics 485 1-4 Structural Geology Mesozoic and possibly younger normal faulting and block tilting in the Lofoten-Vesteralen archipelago can be constrained by Apatite Fission Track data. Previous studies have documented the polyphase structural evolution of the archipelago, based on field data and onshore-offshore correlations. Our new AFT data document vertical movements on a more regional scale, with kilometer-scale offset on some faults. Below Sortlandsundet, the Hadselfjord Fault Zone forms the eastern limit of the Sortlandsundet half-graben and our data reveal latest Cretaceous and younger half-dome shaped uplift of the footwall. East of the Western Lofoten Border Fault, on Vestvagoya, southeastward tilting is indicated both by the pattern of AFT ages, ranging from 81 + or - 7 Ma to in the NW to 167 + or - 16 Ma in the SE, and tilted paleosurfaces. AFT ages immediately east of Sortlandsundet (72 + or - 5 Ma) and on Vestvagoya (81 + or - 7 Ma) are among the youngest ones found on the Norwegian mainland. The present-day landscape of the Lofoten-Vesteralen archipelago does not represent a re-exposed and glacially modified Mesozoic landscape. Although most of our data indicate cooling to below nearly equal 60 degrees C took place during the Mesozoic, the youngest footwall ages are hard to explain without alluding to Cenozoic normal faulting. A Cenozoic structural control on the landscape can thus be inferred for Lofoten and Vesteralen. Norway Mesozoic4 ? H Zacke, A.
Voigt, S.
Joachimski, M.M.
Gale, A.Q.S.
Ward, D.J.
Tuetken, T. 2009R Surface-water freshening and high-latitude river discharge in the Eocene North Sea 969-980! Journal of the Geological Society 166 5 Clastic sedimentology A shark-tooth apatite delta (super 18) O record of the early Palaeogene North Sea reflects changes in regional hydrography by showing variable temperatures and salinities. A 2-4 Ma period in the early Eocene was particularly influenced by substantial surface-water freshening, indicated by a 3-4 per mil reduction of delta (super 18) O values. The magnitude of the delta (super 18) O decrease indicates a depletion in (super 18) O of surface waters by 2-3 per mil relative to Eocene mean ocean water. This value is lower than that of coeval lakes reconstructed from freshwater gastropod delta (super 18) O values from the Paris Basin, suggesting that large rivers with high-latitude catchment areas drained into the North Sea. The period of surface-water freshening began close to the Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum, when relative sea-level fall, tectonic uplift and basaltic volcanism caused a temporary isolation of the North Sea. North Atlantic and North Sea surface waters became reconnected during a series of early Eocene transgressions. North Sea
Palaeogene?
Tsuneyama, F. 2009_ Visualize reservoir aging by 4D seismic; a case study for the Snorre oil field in the North Sea 71-79; Journal of the Japanese Association of Petroleum Technology 74 1 Petroleum Geology This paper introduces a workflow to compute the fluid saturation in a reservoir using 4D (time lapse) seismic data. In this approach, the decomposition of the impedance into velocities and density is the key to derive the quantitative reservoir properties using the currently available rock-physics applications. However, the decomposition is a challenging task due to the severe influence of noise on the analysis especially when the seismic data has a maximum-offset angle less than 30 degrees . The proposed method of impedance decomposition simultaneously solves three elastic impedance data derived from the seismic inversion of angle stacks, where the most important reason that makes the decomposition difficult is the effect of noise. Theoretical investigation revealed that the offset-consistent component of noise mostly affects the determination of density but the noise effect is not severe to determine velocities. On the other hand, the effect of the random component of noise appears equally in the determination of velocities and density. Based on this result, the author developed a method of decomposition incorporating rock-physics bounds as the constraints for the analysis. Afterwards, a sequence of rock-physics theories is applied to transform the resultant properties into the bulk modulus and density of the in-situ fluid. Eventually, solving three simultaneous equations for the bulk modulus, density and the total saturation of three possible fluids; we can compute the saturation of water, oil and gas. As a case study, the workflow successfully visualized the change in fluid saturation based on an actual 4D seismic dataset of the Snorre oil field in the North Sea. NO North Sea Generic ? 3 Lindhorst, S.
Fuerstenau, J.
Hass, H.C.
Betzler, C. 2010I Anatomy and sedimentary model of a hooked spit (Sylt, southern North Sea) 935-955
Sedimentology 57 4P Beach drift, foredune ridge, ground-penetrating radar, hooked spit,
storm scarp. Clastic sedimentology A sedimentary model for hooked spit depositional systems based on ground-penetrating radar and sedimentological data is presented. The recurved main spit of Sylt Island (southern North Sea) is dominated by migrating sand dunes; the investigated hooked spit exhibits a system of foredune ridges, oriented perpendicular to the dunes of the recurved spit. The development of the hooked spit is related closely to the presence of an adjacent tidal inlet, where strong tidal currents and a steep bathymetry prevent a further northward progradation of the main spit and trigger a deflection from northerly-directed to easterly-directed net sediment transport. Ground-penetrating radar data and shallow sediment cores reveal the sedimentary architecture of the hooked spit in high resolution and allow the proposition of a genetic stratigraphic model. It is shown that the growth of the hooked spit is controlled by the interplay of alongshore migrating foreshore beach drifts under fair-weather conditions and strong erosional events, interpreted as the result of rare severe storms. These storms may excavate scarps in the backshore, which play an important role in the development of foredune ridges. Accelerator mass spectrometry (super 14) C ages indicate an absolute age of at least 1300 years for the hooked spit, which possibly correlates with strengthened erosion of the main spit. In contrast to the main spit, where the sediment budget is negative nowadays, growth of the hooked spit beach accelerated significantly during the last decades. This effect can probably be attributed to enhanced beach-nourishments updrift along the main spit and makes the investigated hooked spit a natural laboratory to study the influence of increasing sediment supply into a system developing under the conditions of sea-level rise. The study shows that the same external forces lead to distinct progradational processes along one barrier-spit system. Abstract Copyright (2010), International Association of Sedimentologists. DK North Sea
Quaternary D l (2010)-4216380421/Lindhorst et al. (2010).pdf }? ' Chadwick, R. A.
Noy, D. J.
Holloway, S. 2009 Flow processes and pressure evolution in aquifers during the injection of supercritical CO2 as a greenhouse gas mitigation measure 59-73 Petroleum Geoscience 15 1 Petroleum GeologyN Regional saline aquifers offer the greatest potential for very large-scale underground CO2 storage as a means of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Their dynamic storage capacity, in terms of induced increases in formation pressure, will limit the rate at which CO2 can be injected and may ultimately limit the amount of CO2 that can be stored. Generic flow models were generated to examine the effects on pressure evolution of various reservoir parameters (dimensions, permeability, porosity, presence and nature of flow barriers). CO2 injection involves dominantly hydrogeological (single-phase flow) processes in much of the reservoir and surrounding adjacent strata, with additional two-phase flow effects around the CO2 plume itself. Large, thick aquifers with no significant flow barriers can accept high injection rates (c. 10 million tonnes of CO2 per year) without undue pressure effects. However, flow barriers, such as faults, increase induced pressures considerably; for reservoirs with such features, careful site characterization and operational planning will be required for large storage projects. The principles established from the generic modelling were applied to a real aquifer storage operation at Sleipner in the North Sea. Here, CO2 is being injected into the Utsira Sand, a large relatively homogeneous reservoir. Modelling indicates that pressure increase should be negligible. In fact, observed wellhead pressures do show a small rise, but this can be attributed to temperature changes in the fluid column in the wellbore. Pressure changes in the reservoir are likely to be very small. North Sea Generic? Fernando, A.
Raman, A. 2009. Gas storage; an onshore operator's perspective 17-24Z Underground gas storage: worldwide experiences and future development in the UK and Europe 313 Evans, D.J.
Chadwick, R. A. London' Geological Society Special Publications Petroleum Geologyn Operating 28 onshore oil and gas fields, Star Energy Group plc is the leading onshore operator in terms of fields. The company believes that with the decline in flexible gas production facilities close to market in the North Sea and Irish Sea, Great Britain (GB) will need a significant expansion in gas storage capacity. To meet these demands, Star Energy aims to construct underground gas storage (UGS) facilities by converting depleted onshore hydrocarbon reservoirs both on- and offshore GB. This paper provides an overview of the UK position with respect to UGS, Star Energy's strategy and their planned developments. North Sea Generic? ' Lindgreen, H.
Jakobsen, F.
Springer, N. 2010` Nano-size quartz accumulation in reservoir chalk, Ekofisk Formation, South Arne Field, North Sea 171-182
Clay Minerals 45 2 Petroleum Geology In the oil fields in the Central Graben of the North Sea, Maastrichtian chalk is an important hydrocarbon reservoir, but oil may also be found in the Danian chalk, consisting of white chalk interbedded with clay layers. Within the chalk section, discrete intervals appear like chalk but contain large amounts of quartz (up to 100%). The aim of the present investigation is to reveal the mechanism for formation of the quartz in these intervals and to discuss their regional distribution and importance for the reservoir properties. Samples of chalk, including quartz-rich intervals, and clay layers from three wells SA-1, Rigs-1 and Rigs-2 in the South Arne Field have been investigated. Calcite-free residues obtained using a buffered dissolution of calcite were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The main silica phase in the Upper Cretaceous-Danian chalk in the three wells is a nano-size alpha -quartz. This has probably formed from Si dissolved from radiolarians in the free-water phase. The 600 Aa diameter alpha -quartz spheres precipitated in the free-water phase with subsequent flocculation of the spheres and sedimentation of the flocs. Variations in the proportion of quartz in the chalk are attributed to variations in the amount of radiolarians in combination with variations in CO (sub 2) concentrations in the water; increased CO (sub 2) causes dissolution of coccoliths and thus a relative enrichment in quartz. This formation mechanism is regional and makes it probable that the layers rich in nano-quartz may be found over large areas provided that the chalk is authigenic. Quartz-rich layers are generally of low permeability and in areas with authigenic chalk these layers may act as internal seals in chalk reservoirs. UK North Sea
Cretaceous {? ) Graham, A.G. C.
Lonergan, L.
Stoker, M.S. 2009e Seafloor glacial features reveal the extent and decay of the last British ice sheet, east of Scotland 117-138 Journal of Quaternary Science 24 2 Geologyy Three-dimensional (3D) seismic datasets, 2D seismic reflection profiles and shallow cores provide insights into the geometry and composition of glacial features on the continental shelf, offshore eastern Scotland (58 degrees N, 1-2 degrees W). The relic features are related to the activity of the last British Ice Sheet (BIS) in the Outer Moray Firth. A landsystem assemblage consisting of four types of subglacial and ice marginal morphology is mapped at the seafloor. The assemblage comprises: (i) large seabed banks (interpreted as end moraines), coeval with the Bosies Bank moraine; (ii) morainic ridges (hummocky, push and end moraine) formed beneath, and at the margins of the ice sheet; (iii) an incised valley (a subglacial meltwater channel), recording meltwater drainage beneath former ice sheets; and (iv) elongate ridges and grooves (subglacial bedforms) overprinted by transverse ridges (grounding line moraines). The bedforms suggest that fast-flowing grounded ice advanced eastward of the previously proposed terminus of the offshore late Weichselian BIS, increasing the size and extent of the ice sheet beyond traditional limits. Complex moraine formation at the margins of less active ice characterized subsequent retreat, with periodic stillstands and readvances. Observations are consistent with interpretations of a dynamic and oscillating ice margin during BIS deglaciation, and with an extensive ice sheet in the North Sea basin at the Last Glacial Maximum. Final ice margin retreat was rapid, manifested in stagnant ice topography, which aided preservation of the landsystem record. Abstract Copyright (2009), Wiley Periodicals, Inc. UK North Sea
Quaternary ? Werner, S.C.
Torsvik, T.H. 2010< Downsizing the Mjolnir impact structure, Barents Sea, Norway 191-202 Tectonophysics 483 3-4 Stratigraphy Stratigraphic relationships indicate that the submarine Mjolnir impact structure in the SW Barents Sea is of Cretaceous age ( approximately 14 2Ma) and the impact palaeolatitude is estimated at 56 degrees N. Though the crater has been intensively studied, its dimensions at depth are uncertain. Density and magnetic susceptibility measurements of core samples are presented and used to interpret a newly available aeromagnetic survey and gravity data, and to model the potential field anomaly data of the area jointly, so as to constrain better the signature of the crater. Forward modelling suggests that the crater diameter is about 20 km, and thus needs downscaling to about half of the earlier proposed size. Norway
Cretaceousr? 0 Rudolph, T.
Melchers, C.
Minke, A.
Coldewey,W.G. 2010Z Gas seepages in Germany; revisited subsurface permeabilities in the German mining district 847-8675 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 94 6 Petroleum GeologyV The German mining district, the Ruhr area, has had a coal mining history for nearly two centuries. Even with this history, all the geological processes in the region are still not fully understood. For the coal mining, extensive exploration work was necessary, and thousands of wells were drilled. These wells targeted Carboniferous coal layers and were used to provide an understanding of its geology and tectonic structure. In the southern region, the Carboniferous pinches out at the surface. In the north, theses rocks are deeply buried under approximately 1200 m (3937 ft) of Mesozoic, mainly Cretaceous, layers. Although the Carboniferous is covered in the north, areas with methane seepages can be found. Because of regional and local changes in the lithology of the overlying Cretaceous successions, whether these gas seepages link the Carboniferous to the surface through the permeable Cretaceous has not been clear. The scope of this study was to understand the gas seepages at the surface and to identify potential pathways of a methane migration in the subsurface. Input data sets, which vary in availability and quality, include regional digital subsurface models. To improve the subsurface understanding, permeability distributions in the Cretaceous were simulated and an assessment of the known fault system was made using the modeling software Petrel. Constructing a detailed static subsurface model showed that the shallow subsurface has, in general, a high probability of low permeabilities and sealing faults. Streaks of higher permeability along the fault planes, however, could create pathways for a possible migration of methane. The methane migration and the degassing of the deeper subsurface could potentially influence further exploration activities in the region. The results could also be used to identify shallow gas hazards for drilling operations.
Germany Generic G? Bungenstock, F.
Schaefer, A. 2009z The Holocene relative sea-level curve for the tidal basin of the barrier island Langeoog, German Bight, southern North Sea 34-51 Global and Planetary Change 66 1-2 Clastic sedimentology2 During the late Holocene sea-level rise in the Southern North Sea, a wedge-like sediment body accumulated at the East Frisian coast, being characterised by intercalated peat layers. These peat layers were used to generate a relative sea-level curve on a regional scale for the backbarrier tidal basin of the East Frisian island Langeoog, Southern North Sea. It is based on nearly equal 600 cores, 68 km of Boomer seismic profiles and 44 pollen- and radiocarbon ages 44. The investigated core data are difficult to correlate in terms of sea-level change due to multiple small-scale facies changes that are typical for tidal flat sediments. However, the seismic profiles show that the intercalated peat beds correlate with clearly defined seismic horizons, identifying the peat layers between the cores. Therefore, the stratigraphic significance of the peat beds has been evaluated dependant on their spatial distribution before using them as sea-level indicators. The dated samples of positively evaluated peat beds were used for the relative sea-level curve. As the intercalated peats represent phases of stillstands or slow-downs during sea-level rise, this results in a step-like sea-level curve for the last 6000 years of Holocene relative sea-level rise at the East Frisian coast in the German Bight of the Southern North Sea. D North Sea
Quaternary 1?= Anderson, J.K. 1999J The capabilities and challenge of the seismic methode in chalk exploration 939-947H Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 5th Conference Fleet, A.J.
Boldy, S.A.R. London Geological Society London
Geophysics NO North Sea
Cretaceous 0 <
97454848/Anderson (1999).pdf? + Gafeira, J.
Long, D.
Scrutton, R.
Evans, D. 2010 3D seismic evidence of internal structure within Tampen Slide deposits on the North Sea Fan; are chaotic deposits that chaotic? 605-616! Journal of the Geological Society 167 3
Geophysics The seismic character of slide deposits is typically described as structureless or chaotic. However, 3D seismic data from the northern flank of the North Sea Fan reveal recognizable internal, penetrative structures within the Tampen Slide deposits. The study of its seismic attributes allowed an integrated characterization of the slide deposits and has shown distinctive acoustic fabrics, both at the top and base of the slide deposit, which are interpreted to be the expression of internal deformation structures. Based on their geometry, four main seismic fabric types have been defined: anastomosing, curvilinear, rectilinear and wispy. The spatial distribution of the fabric was mainly controlled by a topographic high present on the sea-bed at the time of the gravitational collapse, which influenced the transport of material. Areas of distinct fabrics are thought to reflect different flow behaviour during the latest stages of the mass movement and could be considered kinematic indicators. The results give new insights into the transport and deformation processes of submarine mass movements and highlight the potential of detailed analysis of 3D seismic data. UK North Sea Generic Q? Z Rivals, F.
Mihlbachlew, M.C.
Solounias, N.
Mol, D.
Semprebon, G.M.
De Vos, J.
Kalthoff, D. 2010 Palaeoecology of the Mammoth Steppe fauna from the late Pleistocene of the North Sea and Alaska; separating species preferences from geographic influence in paleoecological dental wear analysis 42-541 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 286 1-2
Palaeontology The paleodietary ecology of Late Pleistocene ungulate faunas of the Mammoth Steppe ecosystem was investigated at Fairbanks (Alaska) and Brown Bank (North Sea) through dental mesowear and microwear analysis. The purpose of the study is to address questions concerning the paleoecology of the Mammoth Steppe, an ecosystem that has no extant analog. Dental wear patterns indicate that the niche partitioning at Brown Bank (BB) region was consistent with ecosystem dynamics found in diverse ungulate faunas in recent time. In contrast, despite the lower numbers of extinct taxa, the Fairbanks (FB) fauna is ecologically bizarre. In general, the microwear of this fauna includes excessive numbers of very (narrow) fine scratches that are atypical for extant mixed feeders and grazers. Moreover, the mesowear signal suggests unusual paleodiets (niche dynamics), where low-crowned mixed-feeding cervids, Rangifer and Cervus, adopted diets that are similar to Equus in terms of mesowear (abrasion) and much more abrasive than the diets of either Bison or Ovis. We suggest that the anomalies may relate to unique, possibly disharmonious, ecosystem dynamics during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. In addition to these findings, it was discovered (found) that dental wear patterns, particularly microwear variables such as scratch frequency and scratch width are strongly affected by geographic region, irrespective of species-specific dietary preferences. North Sea
Quaternary? . Hossain, Z.
Fabricius, I.L.
Christensen, H. F. 2009/ Elastic and nonelastic deformation of greensand 86-88 The Leading Edge 28 1 Structural Geology, Analysis of greensand reservoirs all over the world has challenged geologists, engineers, and petrophysicsts. One challenge is to identify from core data the degree to which deformation of the reservoir rock affects hydrocarbon production. In the central part of the North Sea, massive allochthonous Paleocene greensands form reservoirs for oil. We study the deformation of one oil-zone sample from one of these reservoirs by sonic measurements, uniaxial compression testing, and image analysis of backscatter electron micrographs before and after testing. North Sea
Palaeogene +?
Draege, A. 2009! Constrained rock physics modeling 76-80 The Leading Edge 28 1
Geophysics Seismic reflections are physically explained by contrasts in elastic properties in the subsurface, and rock physics is the science that links the seismic properties to geologic properties. Rock physics models attempt to quantify rock properties with physical parameters like clay content, saturation, and porosity, and use this to predict elastic rock properties, and further to extrapolate to scenarios that have not yet been observed. There are rock physics models made for friable sands, cemented sands, shaly sands, sandy shales, uncemented and cemented shales, to mention a few. Sometimes a large selection of available rock physics models can be more confusing than a blessing: Which model is best suited to predict the observations of a given data set, and how do we know that the model we choose is optimally calibrated to the data? This paper proposes a strategy to evaluate numerous rock physics models in a short time. The method finds the best prediction for each model, which makes it easy to see which models are suited for further modeling. The strategy is applied on a data set from the North Sea Brent group. A selection of the rock physics models with the obtained optimal input parameters is further tested to evaluate the ability to predict data outside the calibration data set. The modeling strategy presented ensures a minimum discrepancy between modeled and recorded data, without abandoning rock physics principles. Generic Generic *? m 4 Lu, J.
Wilkinson, M.
Haszeldine, R. S.
Fallick, A.E. 2009> Long-term performance of a mudrock seal in natural CO2 storage 35-38 Geology Boulder 37 1 Petroleum Geology The ability of mudrock seals to prevent CO (sub 2) leakage is a major concern for geological storage of anthropogenic CO (sub 2) . The long-term performance of a mudrock seal, which provides a natural analogue, in the North Sea Miller oil field has been evaluated. This mudrock seal is immediately above a natural CO (sub 2) -rich reservoir. The paper reports the stable isotopes of carbon from carbonate minerals in the mudrock that have precipitated in contact with CO (sub 2) during 4 km of burial. A well-defined linear trend of upward-decreasing delta (super 13) C traces the progressive penetration of free-phase CO (sub 2) causing dissolution and reprecipitation of carbonate minerals. The CO (sub 2) was emplaced ca. 70-80 Ma, and has only penetrated 12 m vertically in this case. The infiltration rate is estimated as approximately 9.8X10 (super -7) g cm (super -2) yr (super -1) . Engineered CO (sub 2) storage under this type of mudrock seal will have a considerable safety margin. North Sea Generic ? i Staneva, J.
Stanev, E. V.
Wolff, J. O.
Badewien, T. H.
Reuter, R.
Flemming, B.
Bartholoma, A.
Bolding, K. 2009 Hydroynamics and sediment dynamics in the German Bight. A focus on observations and numerical modelling in the East Frisian Wadden Sea 302-319 Continental Shelf Research 29 1 . Clastic sedimentologyk This work deals with analysis of hydrographic observations and results of numerical simulations. The data base includes acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) observations, continuous measurements on data stations and satellite data originating from the medium resolution imaging spectrometer (MERIS) onboard the European Space Agency (ESA) satellite ENVISAT with a spatial resolution of 300m. Numerical simulations use nested models with horizontal resolutions ranging from 1km in the German Bight to 200m in the East Frisian Wadden Sea coupled with a suspended matter transport model. Modern satellite observations have now a comparable horizontal resolution with high-resolution numerical model of the entire area of the East Frisian Wadden Sea allowing to describe and validate new and so far unknown patterns of sediment distribution. The two data sets are consistent and reveal an oscillatory behaviour of sediment pools to the north of the back-barrier basins and clear propagation patterns of tidally driven suspended particulate matter outflow into the North Sea. The good agreement between observations and simulations is convincing evidence that the model simulates the basic dynamics and sediment transport processes, which motivates its further use in hindcasting, as well as in the initial steps towards forecasting circulation and sediment dynamics in the coastal zone. D North Sea Generick? { Ganerod, M.
Smethurst, M. A.
Torsvik, T. H.
Prestvik, T.
Rousse, S.
McKenna, C.
van Hinsbergen, D. J. J.
Hendriks, B. W. H. 2010 The North Atlantic igneous province reconstructed and its relation to the plume generation zone; the Antrim Lava Group revisited 183-202! Geophysical Journal International 182 1
Geophysics Large igneous provinces (LIPs) have recently been suggested to originate at the edges of low-velocity zones on the core mantle boundary (Plume Generation Zones). If true, LIPs can potentially be used to constrain paleolongitude in plate tectonic reconstructions. To validate the hypothesis, it is essential to study LIPs of which the paleolongitude can be constrained by other methods, such as hotspot reference frames. An ideal candidate to this end is the early Cenozoic North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP). Despite being the largest volcanic unit of the British Tertiary Igneous Province (BTIP, part of the NAIP), the age and paleoposition of the Antrim Lava Group (ALG) in Northern Ireland, which is key to the NAIP as a whole, was hitherto poorly constrained. In this paper, we therefore present an integrated high-resolution paleomagnetic and geochronological study. The ALG is divided into three formations: the Lower Basalt Formation (LBF), Interbasaltic Formation (IBF) and the Upper Basalt Formation (UBF). The IBF is mostly lateritic and encloses the Tardree rhyolite. We offer new age constraints from all three formations using the (super 40) Ar/ (super 39) Ar method and propose that 62.6+ or -0.3, 61.3+ or -0.3 and 59.6+ or -0.3 Ma (1sigma , internal uncertainties) are sound estimates of the age of emplacement of the LBF, Tardree rhyolite (IBF) and UBF, respectively. This constrains the nominal duration of emplacement of the ALG to 3+ or -0.6 Ma (1sigma ). This reevaluation of the magnetic signature in the ALG revealed reverse polarity remanence in all three formations and an overall paleomagnetic north pole at latitude 78.9 degrees N, longitude 167 degrees E (A95=6.3; age approximately 61 Ma) in the European reference system. This appears consistent with paleomagnetic poles from the rest of the NAIP; both in Europe and Greenland, as well as predictions from modern apparent polar wander paths. The new radiometric ages span magnetochron C26r, C27n and C27r. The normal polarity chron C27n most probably occurred during the IBF hiatus, explaining why no normal polarity remanence was detected in the paleomagnetic investigation. Emplacement of the LBF falls in magnetochron C27r, making this one of the oldest lava sequence in the NAIP; older than the C27n lava pile in Western Greenland. The 60 Ma position of the NAIP in a paleomagnetic reference frame, puts it close to the northern edge of the African large low shear wave velocity anomaly at the core-mantle boundary and therefore in the line with the Plume Generation Zone hypothesis. However, the back-projected Icelandic hotspot, normally considered to have formed the NAIP, is located approximately 1500 km north of the latitude at which the NAIP erupted. The northward motion of the north Atlantic lithosphere since the late Cretaceous challenging the existing correlation of the NAIP to the Icelandic hotspot, normally used to explain the observed pre- and syn-breakup North Atlantic magmatism (63-55 Ma), and either an additional plume located further south in the North Atlantic may be invoked to create the NAIP, or the Icelandic hotspot must have undergone a northward motion together with the North Atlantic lithosphere (which according to present mantle flow models seems unlikely). Abstract Copyright (2010), RAS.
Northern Europe Generic ? & Jackson, C.A. L.
Kane, K.E.
Larsen, E. 2010 Structural evolution of minibasins on the Utsira High, northern North Sea; implications for Jurassic sediment dispersal and reservoir distribution 105-120 Petroleum Geoscience 16 2
Geophysics 3D seismic and well data are integrated to determine the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the SW margin of the Utsira High, northern North Sea rift system. During the Triassic, a series of minibasins formed due to passive diapirism of the evaporite-bearing, Upper Permian, Zechstein Supergroup. Subsequently, during the Jurassic, a series of secondary minibasins developed as the underlying salt walls collapsed. These minibasins were a few hundred metres deep, bound by sub-circular to elongate salt-cored structural highs and caused the development of complex subaerial topography and submarine bathymetry on the SW margin of the Utsira High. Salt withdrawal may have been related to: (i) partial dissolution of salt; (ii) differential erosion of the salt walls and adjacent Triassic-filled minibasins; or (iii) salt remigration caused by sub- or supra-salt extension or sediment loading. This study provides insights into the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the SW margin of the Utsira High and has implications for (i) facies distribution of the Zechstein Supergroup within the northern North Sea rift system; and (ii) depositional system development, and thus reservoir distribution, within the Jurassic sedimentary succession. NO North Sea GenericF? A Fossen, H.
Schultz, R.A.
Rundhovde, E.
Rotevatn, A.
Buckley, S.J. 2010 Fault linkage and graben stepovers in the Canyonlands (Utah) and the North Sea Viking Graben, with implications for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation 597-6135 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 94 5
Geophysics Segmented graben systems develop stepovers that have important implications in the exploration of oil and gas in extensional tectonic basins. We have compared and modeled a representative stepover between grabens in Canyonlands, Utah, and the North Sea Viking Graben and, despite their different structural settings, found striking similarities that pertain to other graben systems. In both cases, the stepovers represent relatively high parts within the graben systems that are likely to be among the first to be filled with hydrocarbons generated in deeper parts of the grabens. Furthermore, the relay ramps and smaller fault offsets in stepovers ease hydrocarbon migration and allow stepovers to act as preferred migration routes from deep graben kitchens to structurally higher traps in the basin. Graben stepovers and their related structures should be paid special attention during exploration because they may represent hydrocarbon accumulations complementary to larger traps along the graben flanks. These observations explain the location of the Kvitebjorn, Valemon, and Huldra fields in a stepover structure of the Viking Graben and encourage increased focus on similar graben stepovers in the Viking Graben and other graben systems.
NO North Sea Generic ? # Loseth, T.M.
Ryseth, A.E.
Young, M. 2009y Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Middle Jurassic Tarbert Formation, Oseberg South area (northern North Sea) 597-619 Basin Research 21` 5 Stratigraphyz This paper describes the development of a regressive-to-transgressive shoreline wedge within the Middle Jurassic Tarbert Formation in the Oseberg South area (northern North Sea), as interpreted from core and log data from more than hundred wells. The wedge is described in terms of four facies associations (FA1-FA4). The lower, regressive portion of the wedge (FA1-FA2) contains both coarsening upward wave/storm-dominated shoreline deposits as well as coal-bearing paralic deposits, and was deposited during ascending regression. The upper, transgressive portion of the wedge (FA3-FA4) is characterised by wave-dominated estuarine deposits, exhibiting an upward change from inner to central to outer estuarine deposits. In contrast to some earlier studies, it is argued that this part was deposited during accretionary transgression. The present study documents an estuarine system that developed without any preceding fall of relative sea level and valley incision. It is argued that differential fault-induced subsidence created a broad gentle sag wherein one or several estuarine systems developed as the depositional system became transgressive. The subtle fault-induced subsidence is related to the tectonic evolution in the North Sea Basin. Abstract Copyright (2009), Blackwell Publishing Ltd, European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers and International Association of Sedimentologists. NO North Sea Jurassic L? I Teasauro, M.
Kaban, M.K.
Cloetingh, S.A. P. L.
Hardebol, N.J.
Beekman, F. 2007= 3D strength and gravity anomalies of the European lithosphere 56-73# Earth and Planetary Science Letters 263W strength; lithosphere; gravity modelling; seismicity; effective elastic thickness (EET)
Geophysics Europe Generic < h` 07)-0705156733/Tesauro et al. (2007).pdf? B ) Broichhausen, H.
Littke, R.
Hantschel, T. 2005p Mudstone compaction and its influence on overpressure generation, elucidated by a 3D case study in the North Sea 956-978' International Journal of Earth Sciences 94W Mathematical modelling,Mudstone,compaction,Chemical compaction,Overpressure, North Sea
Structural Geology North Sea Generic H X . (2005)-3809429117/Broichhausen et al. (2005).pdf Xy?
Beglinger, S. 2006c Compilation Of The Q50 Reservoir .Productivity Map For The Dutch Lower & Upper Slochteren Play Area 1-73
(stagiair) Utrecht9 TNO-Built Environment and Geosciences/
University Utrecht Petroleum Geology okt 20069 TNO-Built Environment and Geosciences/
University Utrecht NL North Sea Permian 4 x H956244605/Beglinger (2006).pdf V?
! Kürschner, W.M.
Herngreen,G.F.W. 2010 Triassic palynology of central and northwestern Europe; a review of palynofloral diversity patterns and biostratigraphic subdivisions 263-283 The Triassic Timescale 334 Lucas, S.G. London' Geological Society Special Publications
Palaeontology We document palynofloral trends through the Triassic in the Germanic and Alpine facies with an emphasis on diversity trends and possibly related palaeoenvironmental changes. As a first order approximation of palynofloral diversity, we used the range through method of the software package PAST based on a range chart compiled from several Triassic palynological studies and reviews. Our analysis suggests that during the entire Triassic the diversity of plants producing spores was largely controlled by the availability of water, while diversity among gymnosperms was also affected by other environmental and biotic factors. In general, palynofloral diversity declines by some 50% between the early Carnian and the Norian, mainly as a result of a decrease in the number of pollen species. This is the second most severe loss in pollen species after the Permian-Triassic biotic crisis. In comparison to the marked palynofloral turnover at the Permian-Triassic transition and the end-Carnian decrease in palynofloral diversity, the end-Triassic biotic crisis appears to have little affected palynofloral species diversity in Europe. A study of the palynostratigraphy of NW Europe recognizes nine zones (and nine subzones) that encompass the Triassic, most of which have their boundaries based on the first occurrences of marker species. The palynostratigraphic zones and subzones in Europe are correlated to the marine Triassic stages based on various data, including numerous palynological records in marine Alpine Triassic strata. Northwest Europe Triassic
? u Scourse, J. D.
Haapaniemi, A. I.
Colmenero-Hidalgo, E.
Peck, V. L.
Hall, I. R.
Austin, W. E. N.
Knutz, P. C.
Zahn, R. 2009n Growth, dynamics and deglaciation of the last British-Irish ice sheet: the deep-sea ice-rafted detritus record 3066-3084 Quaternary Science Reviews 28 27-28 Glacial GeologyO The evolution and dynamics of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) have hitherto largely been reconstructed from onshore and shallow marine glacial geological and geomorphological data. This reconstruction has been problematic because these sequences and data are spatially and temporally incomplete and fragmentary. In order to enhance BIIS reconstruction, we present a compilation of new and previously published ice-rafted detritus (IRD) flux and concentration data from high-resolution sediment cores recovered from the NE Atlantic deep-sea continental slope adjacent to the last BIIS. These cores are situated adjacent to the full latitudinal extent of the last BIIS and cover Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 2 and 3. Age models are based on radiocarbon dating and graphical tuning of abundances of the polar planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral (% Nps) to the Greenland GISP2 ice core record. Multiple IRD fingerprinting techniques indicate that, at the selected locations, most IRD are sourced from adjacent BIIS ice streams except in the centre of Heinrich (H) layers in which IRD shows a prominent Laurentide Ice Sheet provenance. IRD flux data are interpreted with reference to a conceptual model explaining the relations between flux, North Atlantic hydrography and ice dynamics. Both positive and rapid negative mass balance can cause increases, and prominent peaks, in IRD flux. First-order interpretation of the IRD record indicates the timing of the presence of the BIIS with an actively calving marine margin. The records show a coherent latitudinal, but partly phased, signal during MIS 3 and 2. Published data indicate that the last BIIS initiated during the MIS 5/4 cooling transition; renewed growth just before H5 (46ka) was succeeded by very strong millennial-scale variability apparently corresponding with Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) cycles closely coupled to millennial-scale climate variability in the North Atlantic region involving latitudinal migration of the North Atlantic Polar Front. This indicates that the previously defined "precursor events" are not uniquely associated with H events but are part of the millennial-scale variability. Major growth of the ice sheet occurred after 29ka with the Barra Ice Stream attaining a shelf-edge position and generating turbiditic flows on the Barra-Donegal Fan at nearly equal 27ka. The ice sheet reached its maximum extent at H2 (24ka), earlier than interpreted in previous studies. Rapid retreat, initially characterised by peak IRD flux, during Greenland Interstadial 2 (23ka) was followed by readvance between 22 and 16ka. Readvance during H1 was only characterised by BIIS ice streams draining central dome(s) of the ice sheet, and was followed by rapid deglaciation and ice exhaustion. The evidence for a calving margin and IRD supply from the BIIS during Greenland Stadial 1 (Younger Dryas event) is equivocal. The timing of the initiation, maximum extent, deglacial and readvance phases of the BIIS interpreted from the IRD flux record is strongly supported by recent independent data from both the Irish Sea and North Sea sectors of the ice sheet. UK; Ireland
Quaternary ? ; Herfort, L.
Schouten, S.
Boon, J.P.
Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. 2006D Application of the TEX86 temperature proxy to the southern North Sea 1715-1726 Organic Geochemistry 37 Petroleum Geology Southern North Sea Generic @
t2006)-0745704966/Herfort et al. (2006).pdf r? Offerdal, Kristine 2010J Arctic energy in EU policy; arbitrary interest in the Norwegian High North 30-42 63 1 Arctic Petroleum Geology In challenging times for European energy security, the European Union (EU) is seeking to extend its energy policy powers. At the same time, with its message that the High North represents diversification away from less stable energy regions, Norway is trying to get attention in Brussels. This article inquires into the place of Norway and its Arctic oil and gas in the processes of developing an Energy Policy for Europe and the Northern Dimension Initiative. Central questions to be addressed are whether Norwegian Arctic areas are emerging as a new energy region to rely on for diversified oil and gas imports for the European Union, and whether Norway, as a small state but a major energy exporter with a considerable part of the Barents Sea shelf, is able to take advantage of this position in its diplomatic relations with Brussels. The study shows that Norway has managed to use its Arctic oil and gas to create awareness of the Norwegian High North in Brussels between 2006 and 2008, but these efforts have not resulted in more active political interest on the part of the EU. A combination of institutional confusion in the EU, lack of coherence and clarity in the Norwegian High North initiative, and Norway's established reputation as an energy supplier place important constraints on the prospects for more concrete political attention from the EU, and thus on Norway's ability to take advantage of its High North oil and gas in a foreign policy context. Norway Generic ? ' Huff, W.D.
Bergstrom, S.M.
Kolata, D.R. 2010 Ordovician explosive volcanism 13-28+ Geological Society of America Special Paper 466 Structural Geology Explosive eruptions from volcanoes are recorded in the stratigraphic record throughout the Phanerozoic, but evidence of these eruptions in the form of preserved tephra layers appears to be concentrated at times of active plate collision and concomitant high stands of sea level. The products of volcanic eruptions are lavas, tephra, and gases. Basaltic magmas (low-silica content) are usually erupted in the form of lava flows, whereas rhyolitic magmas (high-silica content) are commonly explosively erupted as plinian and ultraplinian plumes, and associated pyroclastic flows. Fallout tephras are preserved in ancient sedimentary sequences as tonsteins, bentonites, and K-bentonites. Middle Ordovician K-bentonites represent some of the largest known fallout ash deposits in the Phanerozoic Era. They cover minimally 2.2X10 (super 6) km (super 2) in eastern North America and 6.9X10 (super 5) km (super 2) in central and northwestern Europe as a result of explosive volcanism, which affected both Laurentia and Baltica during the closure of the Iapetus Ocean. The three most widespread beds are the Deicke and Millbrig K-bentonites in North America and the Kinnekulle K-bentonite in northwestern Europe. Similar successions are well known in South America and China. Sedimentation rates of volcanic ejecta range from meters per year locally to approximately 1 mm/1000 yr in the deep sea. Volcanogenic sediments react with seawater to produce secondary phases such as zeolites and clay minerals. Studies of recent ashfall behavior suggest that the preservation potential in the stratigraphic record can be viewed as somewhat remarkable in that such sudden events are preserved at all, much less produce such a wealth of valuable geologic information. Generic
Palaeozoic ? Custodio, E. 2010' Coastal aquifers of Europe; an overview 269-280 Hydrogeology Journal 18 1 HydrogeologyM Europe has a long coastline along which many human activities are concentrated. Coastal aquifer development is often intensive and subject to salinity problems as a result of seawater intrusion, upconing of deep saline water, and residual salinity in aquitards. Studies have been carried out since the end of the nineteenth century, and have set the basic principles of freshwater/marine-water relations. Some aquifers are carefully studied, monitored and managed; examples can be found in The Netherlands, Belgium, southern Italy and northeastern Spain. Often important coastal aquifers are of relatively small size but crucial to supply human needs, which vary from mostly urban and industrial in mid to high latitudes, to dominantly seasonal for irrigation in the Mediterranean area and the archipelagos. The different situations can be grouped into: recent deltas, other coastal detritic formations, carbonate formations, and the special situations in small islands. Comments on these situations are provided and some examples are introduced, just for illustration. Copyright 2009 Springer-Verlag. Western Europe
Quaternary
S? j Wagner, Thomas
Okrusch, Martin
Weyer, Stefan
Lorenz, Joachim
Lahaye, Yann
Taubald, Heiner
Schmitt Ralf, T. 2010 The role of the Kupferschiefer in the formation of hydrothermal base metal mineralization in the Spessart ore district, Germany; insight from detailed sulfur isotope studies 217-239 Mineralium Deposita 45 3 . 45; 3, Pages: 217-239; 2010.
Mineralogy The Spessart district (SW Germany), located at the southwestern margin of the Permian Kupferschiefer basin in Central Europe, hosts abundant stratabound and structurally controlled base metal mineralization. The mineralization styles identified are (1) stratabound Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag) ores in Zechstein sedimentary rocks, (2) structurally controlled Cu-As-(Ag) ores in Zechstein sedimentary rocks, (3) crosscutting Co-Ni-(Bi)-As and Cu-Fe-As veins, (4) stratabound metasomatic Fe-Mn carbonate ores in Zechstein dolomite, (5) barren barite veins, and (6) Fe-Mn-As veins in Permian rhyolites. Building on previous work that involved mineralogical, textural, and chemical characterization of the major mineralization types, we have performed a comprehensive sulfur isotope study that applied both conventional and novel laser-ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques. The delta (super 34) S values of sulfide minerals from the different ore types are consistently negative and highly variable, in the range between -44.5 ppm and -3.9 ppm, whereas the delta (super 34) S values of barite are all positive in the range between 4.7 ppm and 18.9 ppm. Remarkably, stratabound and structurally controlled mineralization in Zechstein sedimentary rocks has the least negative delta (super 34) S values, whereas vein-type deposits have consistently more negative delta (super 34) S values. The observed pattern of sulfide delta (super 34) S values can be best interpreted in terms of fluid mixing at the basement-cover interface. Hydrothermal fluids originating from the crystalline basement migrated upward along subvertical fault zones and were periodically injected into groundwaters that were flowing in the post-Variscan sedimentary cover. These groundwaters had interacted with the Zechstein sedimentary rocks, resulting in fluids characterized by elevated concentrations of reduced sulfur (with negative delta (super 34) S values) and alkaline pH. Repeated mixing between both chemically contrasting fluids caused rapid and efficient precipitation of sulfide ore minerals in hydrothermal veins with highly variable but distinctly negative delta (super 34) S values. Copyright 2009 Springer-Verlag.
Germany Permian c? O Larsen, N.K.
Knudsen, K. L.
Krohn, C.F.
Kronborg, C.
Murray, A.S.
Nielsen, O.B. 2009V Late Quaternary ice sheet, lake and sea history of southwest Scandinavia - a synthesis 732-761 Boreas 38 4 Glacial GeologyR Based on a large number of new boreholes in northern Denmark, and on the existing data, a revised event-stratigraphy is presented for southwestern Scandinavia. Five significant Late Saalian to Late Weichselian glacial events, each separated by periods of interglacial or interstadial marine or glaciolacustrine conditions, are identified in northern Denmark. The first glacial event is attributed to the Late Saalian c. 160-140 kyr BP, when the Warthe Ice Sheet advanced from easterly and southeasterly directions through the Baltic depression into Germany and Denmark. This Baltic ice extended as far as northern Denmark, where it probably merged with the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream (NCIS) and contributed to a large discharge of icebergs into the Norwegian Sea. Following the break up, marine conditions were established that persisted from the Late Saalian until the end of the Early Weichselian. The next glaciation occurred c. 65-60 kyr BP, when the Sundsore ice advanced from the north into Denmark and the North Sea, where the Scandinavian and British Ice Sheets merged. During the subsequent deglaciation, large ice-dammed lakes formed before the ice disintegrated in the Norwegian Channel, and marine conditions were re-established. The following Ristinge advance from the Baltic, initiated c. 55 kyr BP, also reached northern Denmark, where it probably merged with the NCIS. The deglaciation, c. 50 kyr BP, was followed by a long period of marine arctic conditions. Around 30 kyr BP, the Scandinavian Ice Sheet expanded from the north into the Norwegian Channel, where it dammed the Kattegat ice lake. Shortly after, c. 29 kyr BP, the Kattegat advance began, and once again the Scandinavian and British Ice Sheets merged in the North Sea. The subsequent retreat to the Norwegian Channel led to the formation of Ribjerg ice lake, which persisted from 27 to 23 kyr BP. The expansion of the last ice sheet started c. 23 kyr BP, when the main advance occurred from north-northeasterly directions into Denmark. An ice-dammed lake was formed during deglaciation, while the NCIS was still active. During a re-advance and subsequent retreat c. 19 kyr BP, a number of tunnel-valley systems were formed in association with ice-marginal positions. The NCIS finally began to break up in the Norwegian Sea 18.8 kyr BP, and the Younger Yoldia Sea inundated northern Denmark around 18 kyr BP. The extensive amount of new and existing data applied to this synthesis has provided a better understanding of the timing and dynamics of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) during the last c. 160 kyr. Furthermore, our model contributes to the understanding of the timing of the occasional release of large quantities of meltwater from the southwestern part of the SIS that are likely to enter the North Atlantic and possibly affect the thermohaline circulation. Abstract Copyright (2009), The Boreas Collegium.
Northern Europe
Quaternary ? ? Burke, Helen
Phillips, Emrys
Lee Jonathan, R.
Wilkinson Ian, P. 2009 Imbricate thrust stack model for the formation of glaciotectonic rafts; an example from the middle Pleistocene of north Norfolk, UK 620-637 Boreas 38 3 Structural Geology In this article, we present a glaciotectonic model for raft emplacement based on a study of large-scale and small-scale deformation structures associated with the accretion of chalk rafts at three Middle Pleistocene sites on the north Norfolk coast, eastern England. Detailed structural measurements taken from the three localities indicate an overall sense of ice movement and raft emplacement towards the south/southeast, suggesting a source area for the rafts located to the north of the present Norfolk coast in the offshore area of the North Sea. Provenancing of the chalk rafts, based on analysis of the foraminifera, also indicates a northern nearshore provenance for the chalk. Mechanisms for the detachment, transport and accretion of the rafts are explored, and it is concluded that pressurized pore water played an important role in all three phases. An imbricate thrust stack model of glaciotectonic raft generation is presented, with the structural history of raft emplacement explained by the geometric relationships between the large-scale basal shear planes and associated deformation structures within adjacent preglacial and glacial sediments. Abstract Copyright (2009), The Boreas Collegium. UK
Quaternary ? h Davies,B. J.
Roberts, D. H.
O. Cofaigh, C.
Bridgland, D. R.
Riding, J.B.
Phillips, E. R.
Teasdale, D. A. 2009f Interlobate ice-sheet dynamics during the last glacial maximum at Whitburn Bay, County Durham, England 555-578 Boreas 38 Stratigraphy This research reconstructs ice-sheet processes operating during the Late Devensian in northeast England. The article assesses the lithostratigraphy of the Devensian glacial tills of Whitburn Bay, eastern County Durham, and presents the first detailed analysis of petrological, geochemical and biostratigraphical data to reconstruct lithostratigraphy, provenance and iceflow pathways. Two Devensian tractions tills (the Blackhall and Horden tills) are separated by a boulder pavement, pointing to a switch in ice-bed conditions and the production of a melt-out lag prior to deposition of the upper traction till, the Horden Till. The Blackhall Till contains Magnesian Limestone, Carboniferous Limestone, Whin Sill dolerite and Old Red Sandstone, suggesting a northwesterly source, probably from the Midland Valley and the Southern Uplands. The Horden Till contains erratics and heavy minerals derived from crystalline bedrock sources in the Cheviot Hills and northeast Scotland. Within the Horden Till are numerous sand, clay and gravel-filled canals incised downwards into the diamicton which are attributed to a low-energy, distributed, subglacial canal drainage system. Coupled with hydro-fractures and the boulder pavement, this suggests that a partially decoupled, fast-flowing ice stream deposited the Horden Till. The uphill, landward direction of ice movement indicates that the ice stream was confined in the North Sea Basin, possibly by the presence of Scandinavian Ice. Abstract Copyright (2009), The Boreas Collegium. UK
Quaternary
[? Westaway, R. 2009 Quaternary vertical crustal motion and drainage evolution in East Anglia and adjoining parts of southern England: chronology of the Ingham River terrace deposits 261-284 Boreas 38 2 Glacial GeologyS Prior to its disruption during the Anglian glaciation (MIS 12), the Ingham or Bytham River used to flow eastwards across central England and East Anglia into the southern North Sea. It thus had a much larger catchment than any extant river system in Britain; its headwaters may well have been as far away as North Wales and/or NW England. Terrace deposits of this former river system crop out across East Anglia and, as for any other river, can be used to investigate uplift, landscape evolution and the physical properties of the underlying continental crust. However, such an investigation has hitherto been hampered by inconsistencies between different authors' terrace schemes; furthermore, and controversially, one such scheme has formed the basis for the inference that the region was affected by a pre-Anglian (MIS 16) glaciation. By re-examining the raw data, the Ingham River deposits are shown to be disposed in three terraces, inferred to date from MIS 16, 14 and 12. The evidence previously attributed to pre-Anglian glaciation is associated with the youngest of these terraces, and thus marks the MIS 12 (i.e. Anglian) glaciation; the argument for glaciation of the region in MIS 16 is thus an artefact of previous miscorrelation of the terrace deposits. It is inferred that development of the very large Ingham River was synchronous with decapitation of the former 'Greater Thames', or 'High-level Kesgrave Thames' river, some time between MIS 18 and MIS 16. Uplift histories at representative localities across East Anglia have been modelled using composite data sets, combining the terrace deposits of the Ingham River and of the post-Anglian rivers Lark and Waveney. The sites modelled are typefied by much faster uplift in the early Middle Pleistocene than in the late Middle Pleistocene; this effect is shown to be a consequence of the relative thinness (no more than approximately 7-8 km thick) of the mobile lower-crustal layer, itself a consequence of the low surface heat flow in the London Platform crustal province. The post-Early Pleistocene uplift tapers eastward, consistent with the observed downstream convergence of the Ingham and Waveney terraces, and is close to zero near the modern coastline around Lowestoft and Great Yarmouth. Stratigraphic relationships between the Ingham terrace deposits and temperate-stage marine and terrestrial deposits in this coastal area allow sites to be dated; thus, Pakefield and Corton date from MIS 15, whereas Norton Subcourse dates from MIS 17. The oldest known Lower Palaeolithic sites in the region, characterized by flake artefacts, are Pakefield (MIS 15) and Hengrave (MIS 14); younger pre-Anglian sites that have yielded handaxes and/or fossil material of the water vole Arvicola cantiana date from MIS 13. The minimal vertical crustal motion in this coastal area, where temperate-stage deposits from different climate cycles crop out close to present-day sea level, does not imply high crustal stability; instead, it indicates a 'hinge zone' between the uplifting hinterland and the subsiding depocentre in the southern North Sea. Abstract Copyright (2009), The Boreas Collegium. UK
Quaternary 8? L Wells,M.R.
Allison, P.A.
Piggott, M.D.
Hampson , G. J.
Pain, C.
Gorman, G.J. 2010q Tidal Modeling of an ancient tide-dominated seaway, part 2: The Aptian Lower Greensand seaway of Northwest Europe 411-439 Journal of Sedimentary Research 80 Clastic sedimentology
UK; France
Cretaceous 8
t
4)-3592160621/Wells et al. (2010).pdf
? Z Hubbard, A.
Bradwell, T.
Golledge, N.
Hall, A.
Patton, H.
Sugden, D.
Cooper, R.
Stoker, M. 2009v Dynamic cycles, ice streams and their impact on the extent, chronology and deglaciation of the British-Irish ice sheet 758-776 Quaternary Science Reviews 28 7-8 Geologys We present results from a suite of forward transient numerical modelling experiments of the British and Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS), consisting of Scottish, Welsh and Irish accumulation centres, spanning the last Glacial period from 38 to 10ka BP. The 3D thermomechanical model employed uses higher-order physics to solve longitudinal (membrane) stresses and to reproduce grounding-line dynamics. Surface mass balance is derived using a distributed degree-day calculation based on a reference climatology from mean (1961-1990) precipitation and temperature patterns. The model is perturbed from this reference state by a scaled NGRIP oxygen isotope curve and the SPECMAP sea-level reconstruction. Isostatic response to ice loading is computed using an elastic lithosphere/relaxed asthenosphere scheme. A suite of 350 simulations were designed to explore the parameter space of model uncertainties and sensitivities, to yield a subset of experiments that showed close correspondence to offshore and onshore ice-directional indicators, broad BIIS chronology, and the relative sea-level record. Three of these simulations are described in further detail and indicate that the separate ice centres of the modelled BIIS complex are dynamically interdependent during the build up to maximum conditions, but remain largely independent throughout much of the simulation. The modelled BIIS is extremely dynamic, drained mainly by a number of transient but recurrent ice streams which dynamically switch and fluctuate in extent and intensity on a centennial time-scale. A series of binge/purge, advance/retreat, cycles are identified which correspond to alternating periods of relatively cold-based ice, (associated with a high aspect ratio and net growth), and wet-based ice with a lower aspect ratio, characterised by streaming. The timing and dynamics of these events are determined through a combination of basal thermomechanical switching spatially propagated and amplified through longitudinal coupling, but are modulated and phase-lagged to the oscillations within the NGRIP record of climate forcing. Phases of predominant streaming activity coincide with periods of maximum ice extent and are triggered by abrupt transitions from a cold to relatively warm climate, resulting in major iceberg/melt discharge events into the North Sea and Atlantic Ocean. The broad chronology of the modelled BIIS indicates a maximum extent at nearly equal 20ka, with fast-flowing ice across its western and northern sectors that extended to the continental shelf edge. Fast-flowing streams also dominate the Irish Sea and North Sea Basin sectors and impinge onto SW England and East Anglia. From nearly equal 19ka BP deglaciation is achieved in less than 2000 years, discharging the freshwater equivalent of nearly equal 2m global sea-level rise. A much reduced ice sheet centred on Scotland undergoes subsequent retrenchment and a series of advance/retreat cycles into the North Sea Basin from 17ka onwards, culminating in a sustained Younger Dryas event from 13 to 11.5ka BP. Modelled ice cover is persistent across the Western and Central Highlands until the last remnant glaciers disappear around 10.5ka BP. UK; Ireland
Quaternary? 3 Sejrup, H. P.
Nygard, A.
Hall, A. M.
Haflidason, H. 2009l Middle and Late Weichselian (Devensian) glaciation history of south-western Norway, North Sea and eastern UK 370-380 Quaternary Science Reviews 28 3-4 Glacial Geology Data from eastern England, Scotland, the northern North Sea and western Norway have been compiled in order to outline our current knowledge of the Middle and Late Weichselian glacial history of this region. Radiometric dates and their geological context from key sites in the region are presented and discussed. Based on the available information the following conclusions can be made: (i) Prior to 39calka and most likely after ca 50calka Scotland and southern Norway were extensively glaciated. Most likely the central North Sea was not glaciated at this time and grounded ice did not reach the shelf edge. (ii) During the time interval between 29 and 39ka periods with ameliorated climate (including the Alesund, Sandnes and Tolsta Interstadials) alternated with periods of restricted glaciation in Scotland and western Norway. (iii) Between 29 and 25ka maximum Weichselian glaciation of the region occurred, with the Fennoscandian and British ice sheets coalescing in the central North Sea. (iv) Decoupling of the ice sheets had occurred at 25ka, with development of a marine embayment in the northern North Sea (v) Between 22 and 19ka glacial ice expanded westwards from Scandinavia onto the North Sea Plateau in the Tampen readvance. (vi) The last major expansion of glacial ice in the offshore areas was between 17.5 and 15.5ka. At this time ice expanded in the north-western part of the region onto the Maloy Plateau from Norway and across Caithness and Orkney and to east of Shetland from the Moray Firth. The Norwegian Channel Ice Stream (NCIS), which drained major parts of the south-western Fennoscandian Ice Sheet, was active at several occasions between 29 and 18ka. North Sea; UK; Norway
Quaternary Y? \ Lekens, W. A. H.
Haflidason, H.
Sejrup, H. P.
Nygard, A.
Richter, T.
Vogt, C.
Frederichs, T. 2009M Sedimentation history of the northern North Sea Margin during the last 150 ka 469-483 Quaternary Science Reviews 28 5-6 Glacial Geology5 The Norwegian Channel Ice Stream (NCIS) is one the defining features of the Fennoscandian icesheet. Still little is known of the detailed dynamics of this ice stream in relation to regional changes in ice cover, paleoceanographic and climatic changes. Sedimentological data from core MD99-2283 in combination with seismic data allow a detailed chronological reconstruction of the outbuilding of the margin and the ice extent in southern Scandinavia through the last 150ka. An integrated stratigraphy of the margin is presented and compared to the glacial history. Changes in the regional ice cover are reflected in the accumulation rates, the clay mineralogy, the coarse chalk fraction and the number of IRD >2mm in core MD99-2283, while the sedimentation on the North Sea Fan as derived from seismic data provides direct evidence for the glacial activity at the shelf edge. Tentative evidence was found for two Early Weichselian glacial advances in southern Scandinavia and possibly Scotland at around 110 and 80kaBP. From 42calkaBP the ice cover expanded in southern Fennoscandia and led to increased deposition on the margin and the occurrence of local melt water outbursts. Significantly increased accumulation rates, coarse chalk, local meltwater output and smectite occur during the ice expansion in the North Sea from around 34calkaBP. The main outbuilding phase of the NSF during the last glacial cycle occurred after 30calkaBP. From around 24calkaBP the NCIS became highly active and advanced at least three times prior to the final retreat from the shelf edge around 19.0calkaBP. NO North Sea
Quaternaryr? 7 Robinson, S.A.
Scotchman, J..
White,T.S.
Atkinson, T.C. 2010 Constraints on palaeoenvironments in the Lower Cretaceous Wealden of southern England from the geochemistry of sphaerosiderites 303-311! Journal of the Geological Society 167 2 GeochemistryH Sphaerosiderites are millimetre-scale concretions of FeCO (sub 3) that form predominantly in waterlogged environments and are of use in palaeoenvironmental and palaeohydrological studies. We present petrographic, elemental and stable-isotopic (delta (super 13) C, delta (super 18) O) data from sphaerosiderites collected from the Lower Cretaceous Wealden sediments of southern England. The sphaerosiderites are composed of very pure FeCO (sub 3) , with only small amounts of Ca, Mg and Mn present, suggesting that they are well preserved and were precipitated from fresh groundwater. delta (super 13) C values display a relatively large range from about -5 to -30 per mil (VPDB). In contrast, delta (super 18) O values are relatively invariant (1sigma =0.83 per mil), with an average of -3.01 per mil (VPDB). The relationship between carbon and oxygen suggests that the sphaerosiderites faithfully record palaeo-groundwater delta (super 18) O. Likely delta (super 18) O values for groundwater were calculated using a published, experimentally derived siderite-water fractionation equation and plausible assumed values for palaeotemperature. The average estimate was -4.9 per mil (SMOW). The Wealden sphaerosiderite oxygen-isotope values are comparable with other early Cretaceous data from similar palaeolatitudes but lower than estimated Holocene values for equivalent latitudes. This observation may indicate greater rainfall at 30 degrees N during the Cretaceous relative to the Holocene and also suggests relative stability of palaeoclimatic conditions during the early Cretaceous at this palaeolatitude. UK
Cretaceous n? % Gould, K.
Pe-Piper, G.
Piper, D.J. W. 2010} Relationship of diagenetic chlorite rims to depositional facies in Lower Cretaceous reservoir sandstones of the Scotian Basin 587-610
Sedimentology 57 2 Clastic sedimentologyd The relationship between diagenetic chlorite rims and depositional facies in deltaic strata of the Lower Cretaceous Missisauga Formation was investigated using a combination of electron microprobe, bulk geochemistry and X-ray diffraction data. The succession studied comprises several stacked parasequences. The delta progradational facies association includes: (i) fluvial or distributary channel sandstones (some with tidal influence); (ii) thick-bedded delta-front graded beds of sandstone interpreted as resulting from fluvial hyperpycnal flow during floods and storms; and (iii) more distal muddier delta-front and prodeltaic facies. The transgressive facies association includes lag conglomerate, siderite-cemented muddy sandstone and mudstone, and bioclastic sandy limestone. Chlorite rims are absent in the fluvial facies and best developed in thick sandstones lacking mudstone baffles. Good quality chlorite rims are well correlated with Ti in bulk geochemistry. Ti is a proxy for Fe availability, principally from the breakdown of abundant detrital ilmenite (FeTiO (sub 3) ). Under conditions of sea floor diagenesis, the abrupt decrease in sedimentation rate at transgressive surfaces caused progressive shallowing of the sulphate-depletion level and of the overlying Eh-controlled diagenetic zones, resulting in conditions suitable for diagenetic formation of berthierine to migrate upwards through the packet of reservoir sandstones. This early diagenetic berthierine suppressed silica cementation and later recrystallized to chlorite. Thick euhedral outer chlorite rims were precipitated from formation water in sandstone lacking muddy baffles on this chlorite substrate and inhibited late carbonate cementation. This study thus shows that the preservation of porosity by chlorite rims is a two-stage process. Rapidly deposited delta-front turbidite facies create early diagenetic conditions that eventually lead to the formation of chlorite rims, but the best quality chlorite rims are restricted to sandstones with high permeability during burial diagenesis. Abstract Copyright (2010), International Association of Sedimentologists. UK
Cretaceous O? Lucas, S.G. 2010: The Triassic chronostratigraphic scale; history and status 17-39 The Triassic Timescale 334 Lucas, S.G. London' Geological Society Special Publications Stratigraphya The Triassic chronostratigraphic scale is a hierarchy of three series, seven stages and 15 substages developed during nearly two centuries of research. The first geological studies of Triassic rocks began in Germany in the late 1700s and culminated in 1834 when Friedrich August von Alberti coined the term "Trias" for the Bunten Sandsteins, Muschelkalk and Keuper, a thick succession of strata between the Zechstein and the Lias. Recognition of the Trias outside of Germany soon followed, and by the 1860s Austrian geologist Edmund von Mojsisovics began constructing a detailed Triassic chronostratigraphy based on ammonoid biostratigraphy. In 1895, Mojsisovics and his principal collaborators, Wilhelm Waagen and Carl Diener, published a Triassic timescale that contains most of the stage and substage names still used today. In 1934, Leonard Spath proposed a Triassic ammonoid-based biochronological timescale that differed little from that of Mojsisovics and his collaborators. In the 1960s, E. Timothy Tozer proposed a Triassic ammonoid-based timescale based on North American standards, and his timescale included proposal of four Lower Triassic stages (Griesbachian, Dienerian, Smithian and Spathian). The work of the Subcommission on Triassic Stratigraphy began in the 1970s and resulted in current recognition of seven Triassic stages in three series: Lower Triassic-Induan, Olenekian; Middle Triassic-Anisian, Ladinian; Upper Triassic-Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian. The 1990s saw the rise of Triassic conodont biostratigraphy so that four intervals that have agreed on Triassic GSSPs use conodont occurrences as defining features: bases of Induan, Olenekian, Anisian and Rhaetian. The bases of the Ladinian and Carnian are defined by ammonoid events. The base of the Norian remains undefined, but will most likely be defined by conodonts. Except for the Rhaetian, the Middle and Upper Triassic stages and substages have been fairly stable for decades, but there has been much less agreement on Lower Triassic chronostratigraphic subdivisions. Issues in the development of a Triassic chronostratigraphic scale include those of: stability and priority of nomenclature and concepts; disagreement over and changing taxonomy; the use of ammonoid v. conodont biostratigraphy; differences in the perceived significance of biotic events for chronostratigraphic classification; disagreements about the utility of relatively short stages; correlation problems between the Tethyan and Boreal realms (provinces); and competing standards from the Old and New worlds. Most of these issues have been resolved in the recognition of three Triassic series and seven stages. Further development of the Triassic chronostratigraphic scale needs to focus on definition and characterization of the 15 Triassic substages as these will provide a much more detailed basis for subdivision of Triassic time than do the seven stages. Generic Triassic ? Osmundsen, P.T.
Redfield, T. F.
Hendriks, B. H. W.
Bergh, S.
Hansen, J.
Henderson, I. H. C.
Dehls, J.
Lauknes, T. R.
Larsen, Y.
Anda, E.
Davidsen, B. 2010, Fault-controlled alpine topography in Norway 83-98! Journal of the Geological Society 167 1 Structural Geology Alpine topography in Norway is largely fault-controlled. Linear and asymmetric ranges developed in the footwalls of normal faults that were reactivated after the main phase of Mesozoic rifting, but prior to the Late Cenozoic glaciations. Stark geomorphological contrasts developed across the faults, reflecting differential glacial exploitation of the pre-glacial drainage pattern. Alpine topography developed preferentially in the footwalls. Triangular facets mark the traces of the most recently active faults. At the base of deeply incised, alpine range-front escarpments, the best-exposed faults display metres-thick fault-rock successions and record multiple phases of fault movement. Juxtaposition of Precambrian and Caledonian basement rocks with Jurassic or Cretaceous sedimentary rocks provides evidence for fault activity in or after the Mesozoic for some of the faults. Late Cretaceous or younger reactivation is indicated by jumps in apatite fission-track apparent ages across the faults, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar and earthquake data attest to normal faulting at the present day. Two of the areas described host anomalous clusters of rockslides that may relate to tectonic activity. The most distinct landscape-forming faults in western Scandinavia were probably active in the Cenozoic, and imposed asymmetric landscape patterns from the scale of single mountain ranges to the whole of Scandinavia. Norway Mesozoic; Cenozoic x ? 8 Dean, M. T.
Owen, A. W.
Bowdler-Hicks, A.
Akhurst, M. C. 2010 Discriminating faunal assemblages and their palaeoecology based on museum collections; the Carboniferous Hurlet and Index Limestones of western Scotland 45-57 Scottish Journal of Geology 1
Palaeontology> Historical collections of Scottish Carboniferous macrofossils stored at the British Geological Survey (BGS), Edinburgh include the sole remaining sources of palaeontological data from numerous localities. Exploratory numerical analyses of such collections from the Hurlet and Index limestones of Ayrshire compare favorably with published qualitative assessments of faunal assemblages and palaeoenvironments; demonstrating that old collections can still be used in modern palaeoecological investigations. Macrofaunas from these formations comprise mainly brachiopods and molluscs and were collected from 67 localities that yielded 20 and 94 samples from the Hurlet and Index limestones respectively. Limitations of the presence/absence data were partly overcome by consolidation and restriction of aspects of the data set. Seriation indicates the lithological and environmental gradients of taxa. Cluster analysis reveals groups of samples linked to lithofacies. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of diversity data derived from the data set in terms of numbers of genera in higher taxa highlights differences in gross taxonomic composition in terms of trophic structure, lithology and environment. Supplementary material: lists of localities taxa and sample lithologies used in this study are available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18401. UK
Carboniferous? 9 Kallmeier, E.
Breitkreuz, C.
Kiersnowski, H.
Geissler, M. 2010 Issues associated with the distinction between climatic and tectonic controls on Permian alluvial fan deposits from the Kotzen and Barnim Basins (North German Basin) 15-34 Sedimentary Geology 223 1-2 Clastic sedimentologyn Facies analysis focusing on coarse-grained sediments has been carried out on more than 2500 of drill cores from seven wells from southern margins of the North German Basin (NGB). The NGB forms a central element of the Southern Permian Basin (SPB). The wells exposed conglomerates and sandstones of the Rotliegend Gruneberg and Parchim Formations deposited in the Kotzen Basin and the Barnim Basin. 17 lithofacies types have been grouped into six lithofacies associations. The studied successions are dominated by fluid gravity flow deposits (hyperconcentrated flows and stream flows) of alluvial fan and alluvial plain systems. Maximum particle size/bed thickness plots (MPS/BTh) support the interpretation as fluid gravity flow deposits. The MPS and BTh data have also been used to differentiate coarsening-thickening and fining-thinning trends of the fan systems. The dominance of water-rich mass flow processes together with sedimentary structures such as dewatering structures and outwashed tops suggests the presence of wet-type fans and plains under semi-humid to semi-arid seasonal climates in the central SPB. The investigated sediments show variation in clast composition subsequent to deep erosion processes on basin margins and changes of source areas. Synsedimentary normal faults and clastic dykes have been interpreted as indicators of tectonic activity of grabens itself and its frames. On a larger scale, then evolution from a half-graben to a graben is apparent for the Tuchen Sub-basin at least. The progradational/retrogradational cycles of the studied alluvial fan systems document combined local tectonic movements and influences of climatic changes. However, our data did not allow for a clear distinction between climatic and tectonic signals. Furthermore, a one-to-one correlation of fan cycles with depositional trends in the NGB basin centre would appear to be oversimplistic. Germany Permian? 0 Palermo, D.
Aigner, T.
Nardon, S.
Blendinger, W. 2010 Three-dimensional facies modeling of carbonate sand bodies; outcrop analog study in an epicontinental basin (Triassic, southwest Germany) 475-5125 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 94 4 Carbonate sedimentologyA
This article is the first part of an integrated study to characterize the anatomy and geometries of carbonate shoal reservoir bodies in epicontinental settings. It is based on outcrop analog data from Triassic layer-cake carbonates in the south German Basin, which were deposited along an epicontinental, very gently inclined carbonate ramp. The database of this study consists of 56 measured sections supplemented by six shallow cores and wireline logs, covering an area of 25 by 36 km (15 by 22 mi). The potential reservoir bodies consist generally of midramp shoal and shoal-fringe facies types, which are composed of skeletal and oolitic carbonate packstones and grainstones with significant amounts of porosity. The upper Muschelkalk is composed of a lower transgressive and an upper regressive interval; within these, shoal bodies show not only similarities but also major differences in character, geometry, and distribution. These reflect the conditions of an epeiric system, which reacts strongly to small changes in accommodation. The accommodation seems to be mainly triggered by the interaction of hierarchically organized large-, medium-, and small-scale relative sea level changes and a subtle paleorelief. At the level of medium-scale cycles, distinct two-dimensional cyclicity styles can be differentiated, which record the lateral facies distribution along the depositional gradient. Different styles of medium-scale cycles include different types of shoal bodies: (1) transgressive crinoidal shoal style: shoal bodies (mean width: 21 km [13 mi], mean length: 37 km [23 mi], mean thickness: 4.2 m [13.7 ft]) with low facies differentiation, deposited on top of subtle paleohighs; (2) skeletal sheets style: thin reservoir sheets (mean width: 5.1 km [3.1 mi], mean length: 11.1 km [6.8 mi], mean thickness: 0.3 m [0.9 ft]) of reservoir facies on top of the paleohighs; (3) regressive oolitic shoal style: shoal bodies (mean width: 14.6 km [9.0 mi], mean length: 20.8 km [12.9 mi], mean thickness: 0.69 m [2.2 ft]) with high facies differentiation on the flanks of paleohighs; and (4) low-accommodation style: patchy and mosaic distribution of shoal bodies (mean width: 11.2 km [6.9 mi], mean length: 26 km [16 mi], mean thickness: 0.69 m [2.2 ft]). All data were loaded into three-dimensional (3-D) modeling software to distribute 14 facies types and model the 3-D stratigraphic architecture. The resulting facies distribution implies that volume and dimensions of the shoal bodies are mainly controlled by the combination of stratigraphic cycles and a subtle paleorelief, which is indicated by overall thickness changes of succession. High-energy shoal facies types occur only in and around areas with a reduced overall thickness, whereas areas with a thicker development are dominated by low-energy, muddy facies types. All observations combined point to the presence of a subtle paleorelief, which could be induced by slight differential subsidence of inherited paleotectonic basement blocks. On the kilometer to regional scale, previous studies suggest simple layer-cake stratal patterns. However, in the full 3-D view, the apparent layer-cake stratigraphy turned out to be a pseudolayer cake, with very gentle (0.01-0.001 degrees dip) clinoform geometries. These very subtle offlapping, pinch-out geometries may have been overlooked in epeiric reservoir systems elsewhere.
Germany Triassic ? ) Mosbrugger, V.
Utescher, T.
Dilcher, D.L. 20059 Cenozoic continental climatic evolution of Central Europe 14964-14969 PNAS 102 42 Climate Central Europe Cenozoic D I(2005)-0369192573/Mosbrugger et al. (2005).pdf
? = Kiersnowski, H.
Peryt Tadeusz, M.
Buniak, A.
Mikolajewski, Z. 2010 From the intra-desert ridges to the marine carbonate island chain; Middle to Late Permian (upper Rotliegend-lower Zechstein) of the Wolsztyn-Pogorzela High, west Poland 319-335 Geological Journal 45 2-3 Petroleum Geologyn The tectonic Wolsztyn-Pogorzela paleo-High (WPH) is the south-eastern termination of the Brandenburg-Wolsztyn High (western Poland), which during Late Permian times was an intra-basin ridge surrounded by Upper Rotliegend sedimentary basins within the Southern Permian Basin. The geological history and structural framework of the WPH are complex. The High belongs to the Variscan Externides, consisting at present of strongly folded, faulted and eroded Visean to Namurian flysch deposits capped by a thick cover of Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian volcanic rocks. This sedimentary-volcanic complex was strongly fragmented and vertically differentiated by tectonic movements and subsequently eroded, resulting in the deposition of coarse clastics surrounding uplifted tectonic blocks. During late Rotliegend time, arid climatic conditions significantly influenced occurrences of specific facies assemblages: alluvial, fluvial, aeolian and playa. Sedimentological study helped to recognize the interplay of tectonic and paleoclimatic factors and to understand the phenomenon of aeolian sandstones interbedded with coarse deposits of alluvial cones close to fault scarps. Subsequent tectonic and possible thermal subsidence of the studied area was synchronous with inundation by the Zechstein Sea. The rapid inundation process allowed for the preservation of an almost perfectly protected uppermost Rotliegend landscape. Based on 3D seismic data from the base Zechstein reflector, a reconstruction of Rotliegend paleogeomorphology was carried out, which shows examples of tectonic rejuvenation of particular tectonic blocks within the WPH area before inundation by the Zechstein Sea. The inundation led to the deposition of the marine Kupferschiefer Shale followed by the Zechstein Limestone. In the deeper parts of the basin the latter is developed in thin basinal facies: in shallow parts (e.g. uplifted tectonic blocks forming in some cases islands), carbonate buildups were formed. The remarkable thickness of those buildups (bryozoan reefs) is interpreted as due to stable tectonic subsidence together with a rise of sea level. A detailed study of carbonate buildups has showed that their internal structure reflects changes in shallow marine environments and even emersion events, caused by sea-level oscillations and tectonic movements of the reef substrate. Abstract Copyright (2010), Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Poland Rotliegend; Zechstein D < + (2010)-3713429889/Kiersnowski et al. (2010).pdf=? Wilkinson, J. J. 2010 A review of fluid inclusion constraints on mineralization in the Irish ore field and implications for the genesis of sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposits 417-442G Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists 105 2
Mineralogy Many fluid inclusion studies have been carried out in the Irish Midlands basin ore field (Lower Carboniferous) since the earliest work by Ed Roedder in the late 1960s. Results show that, in the ore deposits, the total range in fluid salinity is 4 to 28 wt percent NaCl equiv but with the majority falling in the moderate-salinity range between 8 and 19 wt percent. This variability is interpreted in terms of mixing between moderate-salinity ore fluids and low-temperature brines during ore formation. The most northerly ore deposits of Navan and Abbey-town are distinct in containing fluids of both lower and higher salinity than is typical of the Waulsortian-hosted deposits farther south (Tynagh, Silvermines, Lisheen, and Galmoy). Subeconomic prospects tend to display a narrower range in salinity, mostly at the lower end of the range observed in the ore deposits. In some prospects, and on the margins of some ore deposits, evidence for dilution is observed, interpreted to reflect mixing between hydrothermal fluids and unmodified seawater. This process is inferred to be unfavorable for mineralization. Homogenization temperatures, a reasonable proxy for true trapping temperatures in the ore field, range from 70 degrees to 280 degrees C but with the majority falling between 130 degrees and 240 degrees C. There is no evidence for systematic stretching or leakage of inclusions related to the postentrapment heating implied by elevated thermal maturity indicators. The highest temperatures are observed in the Waulsortian-hosted systems, with peak temperatures of approximately 280 degrees C supported by local, high-grade Cu and Ni mineralization. In the Navan and Abbeytown deposits, lower temperature fluids appear to have been more prevalent. The subeconomic prospects formed over essentially the same temperature range as the ore deposits (90 degrees -270 degrees C), with the exception of the morphologically and texturally distinct Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) systems in the region (e.g., Kinnitty, Harberton Bridge) that formed at lower temperatures (50 degrees -100 degrees C). Similar hydrothermal fluids to those recorded in both deposits and prospects are widely observed in dolomite (and sometimes calcite) cements within Courceyan-Arundian-age rocks, indicating that hydrothermal fluid activity occurred over an extremely large area (>30,000 km (super 2) ) and probably over an extended time period. There is a broad regional division in fluid properties, suggesting that the northwestern and southeastern provinces, separated by the trace of the Iapetus suture zone, may represent partly decoupled, large-scale flow regimes. Up to three, low-temperature brine types are also recorded by cements in the host-rock sequence, indicating that a complex range of evaporation and fluid-rock interaction processes were ongoing in the shallow basin succession during the period of hydrothermal activity. Halogen data show that fluids involved in mineralization were originally seawater-derived brines, produced by evaporation to varying degrees. Relatively high temperature, basement-interacted hydrothermal fluids were derived from partially evaporated seawater (molar Cl/Br=559-825). Their compositions can be explained by dolomitization in the Carboniferous succession prior to circulation to depth; alkali exchange, reduction, and metal-leaching from the lower Paleozoic basement; and mixing with low-temperature brines that locally penetrated the upper parts of the basement rock package. Fertile ore fluids appear to be characterized by higher delta (super 18) O (+7 to +9 ppm), lower delta D (-25 to -45 ppm) and much higher metal contents than otherwise similar fluids sampled in basement-hosted feeder veins distal to deposits. This may reflect highly efficient metal scavenging in deeper and/or higher temperature reaction zones that underlie the principal deposits. In the ore deposits, these fluids mixed with Br-enriched bittern brines (Cl/Br approximately 290) produced by evaporation of Carboniferous sea-water past halite saturation. It is inferred that bi Ireland
Carboniferous ?&
McCann, T. 1999F Middle to Late Devonian basin evolution in the Rügen area, NE Germany 57-71 Geologie en Mijnbouw 78 1 Carbonate sedimentology Germany
Palaeozoic , y 706561/McCann (1999).pdf
?' ! Fraaye, R.H.B.
Van Bakel, B.W. M. 1998a New raninid crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from the late Maastrichtian of the Netherlands 293-299 Geologie en Mijnbouw 76 4
Palaeontology Netherlands
Cretaceous H G ,,kel (1998)-3599956353/Fraaye & Van Bakel (1998).pdf "?( De Batist, M.
Versteeg, W.H. 1999 Seismic stratigraphy of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic in northern Belgium: main results of a high-resolution reflection seismic survey along rivers and canals 17-37 Geologie en Mijnbouw 77 1
Geophysics Belgium Mesozoic; Cenozoic L
teeg (1999)-1067172481/De Batist & Versteeg (1999).pdf ?! ; Zackova, E.
Konopasek, J.
Jerabek, P.
Finger, F.
Kosler, J. 2010 Early Carboniferous blueschist facies metamorphism in metapelites of the West Sudetes (northern Saxothuringian Domain, Bohemian Massif) 361-379 Journal of Metamorphic Geology 28 4 . 28; 4, Pages: 361-379; 2010.
Mineralogy The metamorphic evolution of micaschists in the north-eastern part of the Saxothuringian Domain in the Central European Variscides is characterized by the early high-pressure M1 assemblage with chloritoid in cores of large garnet porphyroblasts and a Grt-Chl-Phe-Qtz+ or -Pg M2 assemblage in the matrix. Minerals of the M1-M2 stage were overprinted by the low-pressure M3 assemblage Ab-Chl-Ms-Qtz+ or -Ep. Samples with the best-preserved M1-M2 mineralogy mostly appear in domains dominated by the earlier D1 deformation phase and are only weakly affected by subsequent D2 overprint. Thermodynamic modelling suggests that mineral assemblages record peak-pressure conditions of > or =18-19 kbar at 460-520 degrees C (M1) followed by isothermal decompression 10.5-13.5 kbar (M2) and final decompression to <8.5 kbar and <480 degrees C (M3). The calculated peak P-T conditions indicate a high-pressure/low-temperature apparent thermal gradient of approximately 7-7.5 degrees C km (super -1) . Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry isotopic dating and electron microprobe chemical dating of monazite from the M1-M2 mineral assemblages give ages of 330+ or -10 and 328+ or -6 Ma, respectively, which are interpreted as the timing of a peak pressure to early decompression stage. The observed metamorphic record and timing of metamorphism in the studied metapelites show striking similarities with the evolution of the central and south-western parts of the Saxothuringian Domain and suggest a common tectonic evolution along the entire eastern flank of the Saxothuringian Domain during the Devonian-Carboniferous periods. Abstract Copyright (2010), Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Central Europe
Carboniferous ?" Mazur, S.
Aleksandrowski, P.
Turniak, K.
Krzeminski, L.
Mastalerz, K.
Gorecka-Nowak, A.
Kurowski, L.
Krzywiec, P.
Zelazniewicz, A.
Fanning, M. C. 2010 Uplift and late orogenic deformation of the Central European Variscan belt as revealed by sediment provenance and structural record in the Carboniferous foreland basin of western Poland 47-64' International Journal of Earth Sciences 99 1 Structural Geology The Carboniferous foreland basin of western Poland contains a coherent succession of late Visean through Westphalian turbidites derived from a uniform group of sources located within a continental magmatic arc. Detrital zircon geochronology indicates that two main crustal components were present in the source area of Namurian A sediments. They represent Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous ages, respectively. The detritus from Westphalian D beds is much more diversified and contains admixture of Late Carboniferous zircons suggesting rapid unroofing of Variscan igneous intrusions in the hinterland between Namurian A and Westphalian D times. Tectonic repetitions of tens of metres thick fault-bounded stratigraphic intervals, recorded in several wells, provide evidence for compressional regime that occurred in the SW part of the Carboniferous basin not earlier than during the Westphalian C and produced NW-SE trending folds, concordant with the structural grain of the adjacent, NE part of the Bohemian Massif. Copyright 2008 Springer-Verlag.
Poland
Carboniferous
?* L Dawson, A.G.
Smith, D.E.
Dawson, S.
Brooks, C.L.
Foster, I.D.L.
Tooley, M.J. 1999Y Lateglacial climate change and coastal evolution in western Jura, Scottish Inner Hebrides 225-232 Geologie en Mijnbouw 77 3-4 Climate UK Cenozoic < @ x999)-1441092993/Dawson et al. (1999).pdfH ?# Briggs, D.E. G.
Bartels, C. 2010X Annelids from the Lower Devonian Hunsrueck Slate (lower Emsian, Rhenish Massif, Germany) 215-232
Palaeontology 53 1 .
Palaeontologye Four new genera and species of annelid, Hunsrueckochaeta hohensteini, Ewaldips feyi, Crocancistrius lutzi and Scopyrites magnus, are described from the Hunsruck Slate (Lower Emsian) of Germany, as well as new material of Bundenbachochaeta eschenbachensis Bartels and Blind, 1995. The specimens preserve details of the appendages and other aspects of the morphology as a result of pyritization. A phylogenetic analysis using the morphological data matrix of Rouse and Fauchald places four of the five genera basal to the Aciculata; the fifth Ewaldips falls within the Scolecida. The diversity of annelids represented in the Hunsruck Slate is similar to that in the other major Palaeozoic Konservat-Lagerstatten that yield them, including the Cambrian Burgess Shale and the Late Carboniferous Mazon Creek biota. Abstract Copyright, The Palaeontological Association, 2010.
Germany
Carboniferous ?0
Leloux, J. 1999v Numerical distribution of Santonian to Danian corals (Scleractinia, Octocorallia) of Southern Limburg, the Netherlands 191-195 Geologie en Mijnbouw 78 2
Palaeontology Netherlands
Cretaceous , d f741378/Leloux (1999).pdf ?1 ' Færset, R.B.
Johnsen, E.
Sperrevik, S. 2007T Methodology for risking fault seal capacity: Implications of fault zone architecture 1231-12465 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 91 9 Structural Geology Generic Generic < @ A07)-2167371394/Færset et al. (2007).pdfV?2 Gregersen, U.
Rasmussen, E. S. 2000{ The subtle play-potential of Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous block-faulted turbidites in Danish Central Graben, North Sea 691-708 Marine and Petroleum Geology 179 Basin-axial turbidetes, Flat event, Half-graben tectonics Structural Geology DK North Sea Jurassic; Cretaceous L Xussen (2000)-1211785858/Gregersen & Rasmussen (2000).pdfp?3 E Gröcke, D.R.
Price, G.D.
Ruffel, A.H.
Mutterlose, J.
Baraboshkin, E. 2003C Isotopic evidence for Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous climate change 97-1181 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 202_ seawater strontium; stable isotopes; palaeoclimate; ice-sheets; Late Jurassic; Early Cretaceous Climate Generic Jurassic; Cretaceous < X ,03)-0424124034/Gröcke et al. (2003).pdfa?4 = Ineson, J.R.
Bojesen-Koefoed, J.A.
Dybkjær, K.
Nielsen, L.H. 2003 Volgian–Ryazanian ‘hot shales’ of the Bo Member (Farsund Formation) in the Danish Central Graben, North Sea: stratigraphy, facies and geochemistry 403-4363 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 1 Geology DK North Sea Jurassic; Cretaceous < W 03)-1783407746/Ineson et al. (2003).pdf ?5
Sternesky, M. 2010R Exploration process optimization: a vision for the integrated exploration workflow 79-83 First Break 28 1 Petroleum Geology Generic Generic 4 L -1548835970/Sternesky (2010).pdf ?+ De Groot, Th.A.M. 1999s Climate shifts and coastal changes in a geological perspective.A contribution to integrated coastal zone management 351-361 Geologie en Mijnbouw 77 3-4 Climate Western Europe Generic 0
a4 D66606465/De Groot (1999).pdf ?, T Shennan, I.
Tooley, M.J.
Green, F.
Innes, J.
Kennington, K.
Lloyd, J.
Rutherford, M. 1999L Sea level, climate change and coastal evolution in Morar, northwest Scotland 247-262 Geologie en Mijnbouw 77 3-4 Climate UK Cenozoic @ {\ ~1999)-4176647553/Shennan et al. (1999).pdf ?- Cleveringa, J.
Oost, A.P. 1999E The fractal geometry of tidal-channel systems in the Dutch Wadden Sea 21-30 Geologie en Mijnbouw 78 1 Clastic sedimentology Netherlands
Quaternary D
_ v8 (1999)-3187236993/Cleveringa & Oost (1999).pdf ?. & Louwye, S.
De Coninck, J.
Verniers, J. 1999 Dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy and depositional history of Miocene and Lower Pliocene formations in northern Belgium (southern North Sea Basin) 31-46 Geologie en Mijnbouw 78 1 Stratigraphy Belgium Neogene <
r <999)-1241354881/Louwye et al. (1999).pdf
?/ ) Debacker, T. N.
Sintubin, M.
Verniers, J. 1999t Cleavage/fold relationships in the Silurian metapelites, southeastern Anglo-Brabant fold belt (Ronqui`eres, Belgium) 47-56 Geologie en Mijnbouw 78 1 Structural Geology Belgium Silurian @ d(1999)-0838943362/Debacker et al. (1999).pdf ?6 Bailey, R.J.
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m`000)-1340955920/Huisman et al.2 (2000).pdf ? Kasse, C. 1988d Early-Pleistocene tidal and fluviatile environments in the southern Netherlands and northern Belgium 190 PhD Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Stratigraphy Netherlands; Belgium
Quaternary ? Kasse, C. 1997D Late Pleniglacial and Late Glacial aeolian phases in The Netherlands 61-82 GeoArchaeoRhein 3 Glacial Geology Netherlands
Quaternary ?
Kooi, H. 1997g Contribution of tectonics, isostasy and natural compaction to vertical land movement in the Netherlands 52 Rapportnummer MDGAP-9770" Meetkundige Dienst Rijkswaterstaat
Subsidence Netherlands Generic ? Krook, L. 1993* Heavy minerals in the Belvédère deposits 25-30% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 47 Clastic sedimentology Netherlands
Quaternary ? Kuyl, O.S.
Bisschops, J.H. 1969 Le loess aux Pays-Bas 101-104T Supplément au Bulletin de l’Association française pour l’étude du Quaternaire Netherlands
Quaternary ?
Lorié, J. 1907- De voorgestelde eenheid van het IJstijdvak II 71-94U Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Tweede Serie 24 Glacial Geology Netherlands
Quaternary ? Maarleveld, G.C. 1976e Periglacial phenomena and the mean annual temperature during the Last Glacial time in the Netherlands 57-78 Biuletyn Peryglacialny 26 Glacial Geology Netherlands
Quaternary ? Mente, A. 1961[ Het resultaat van een palynologisch onderzoek van een Eemien-afzetting bij Liessel (N.-Br.) 75-78 Geologie en Mijnbouw 40 Netherlands
Quaternary ? Moura, M.L.
Kroonenberg, S. B. 1990M Geochemistry of fluvial and eolian sediments in the south-eastern Netherlands 359-373 Geologie en Mijnbouw 69 Geochemistry Netherlands
Quaternary ?
Mücher, H.J. 1986b Aspects of loess and loess-derived slope deposits: an experimental and micromorphological approach 267 PhD Amsterdam Universiteit van Amsterdam Clastic sedimentology Generic
QuaternaryK? ! Pissart, A.
Harmand, D.
Krook, L. 1997 L’évolution de la Meuse de Toul à Maastricht depuis le Miocène: corrélations chronologiques et traces des captures de la Meuse Lorraine d’après les minéraux denses 267-284# Géographie physique et Quaternaire 51 Clastic sedimentology Netherlands Neogene ?
Roeleveld, W. 1974W The Groningen coastal area. A study in Holocene geology and low-land physical geography 252 PhD Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Palaeogeography Netherlands
Quaternary rǽ?
Ruegg, G.H.J. 1983 Periglacial eolian evenly laminated sandy deposits in the Late Pleistocene of NW Europe, a facies unrecorded in modern sedimentological handbooks 455-483 Eolian Sediments and Processes Brookfield, M.E.
Ahlbrandt, T.S. Amsterdam Elsevier Glacial Geology Developments in Sedimentology 38 Northwest Europe
Quaternary ?
Schwan, J. 1986` The origin of horizontal alternating bedding in Weichselian aeolian sands in northwestern Europe 73-108 Sedimentary Geology 49 Clastic sedimentology Northwest Europe
Quaternary ?
Schwan, J. 1987p Sedimentologic characteristics of a fluvial to aeolian succession in Weichselian Talsand in the Emsland (F.R.G.) 273-298 Sedimentary Geology 52 Clastic sedimentology Germany
Quaternary ?
Schwan, J. 1988` The structure and genesis of Weichselian to Early Holocene aeolian sand sheets in Western Europe 197-232 Sedimentary Geology 55 Clastic sedimentology Western Europe
QuaternaryS
? - Tebbens, L.A.
Veldkamp, A.
Kroonenberg, S. B. 2000 Natural composition variation of the River Meuse (Maas) suspended load: a 13 ka bulk geochemical record from the upper-Kreftenheye and Betuwe Formations in northern Limburg 391-409" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 79 4 Geochemistry Netherlands
Quaternary @ 4(2000)-0364098341/Tebbens et al. (2000).pdf A? Q Törnqvist, T.E.
Wallinga, J.
Murray, A.S.
Wolf, H. de
Cleveringa, P.
Gans, W. de 2000 Response of the Rhine-Meuse system (west-central Netherlands) to the last Quaternary glacio-eustatic cycles: a first assessment 89-111 Global and Planetary Change 27 Palaeogeography Netherlands
Quaternary.? 1 Törnqvist, T.E.
Weerts, H.J.T.
Berendsen, H.J.A. 1994 Definition of two new members in the upper Kreftenheye and Twente Formations (Quaternary, the Netherlands): a final solution to persistent confusion? 251-264 Geologie en Mijnbouw 72 Stratigraphy Netherlands
Quaternary
?
Turner, C. 2000F The Eemian interglacial in the North European plain and adjacent areas 217-231" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 79 2/3 Glacial Geology Northern Europe
Quaternary 0 |481440549/Turner (2000).pdf ?
Van Alphen, J.S.L.J. 1984Q Sedimentologische interpretatie van de afzettingen van de Nuenen-Groep nabij Best 70 Eindrapport 84-0388001 Leidschendam5 Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieuhygiëne Clastic sedimentology Netherlands
Quaternary ? Van Baren, F.A. 1934P Het voorkomen en de betekenis van kali-houdende mineralen in Nederlandse gronden 118 PhD
Wageningen Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen Natural resources Netherlands
Quaternary ` ? Van den Berg, M.W.
Hoof, T. van 2001y The Maas terrace sequence at Maastricht, SE Netherlands: evidence for 200 m of late Neogene and Quaternary surface uplift 45-86> River basin sediment systems: archives of environmental change& Maddy, D.
Macklin, M.G.
Woodward, J.C. Lisse Balkema Palaeogeography Netherlands Neogene ? Vandenberghe, J. 1983h Some periglacial phenomena and their stratigraphical position in Weichselian deposits in the Netherlands 97-107 Polarforschung 53 Glacial Geology Netherlands
Quaternary ? Vandenberghe, J. 1993@ Changing fluvial processes under changing periglacial conditions 17-28; Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Neue Folge, Supplement-Band 88 Glacial Geology Generic
Quaternary ? Vandenberghe, J.
Krook, L. 1981Q Stratigraphy and genesis of Pleistocene deposits at Alphen (southern Netherlands) 417-426 Geologie en Mijnbouw 60 Stratigraphy Netherlands
Quaternary ? Vandenberghe, J.
Pissart, A. 19934 Permafrost changes in Europe during the Last Glacial 121-135$ Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 4 Glacial Geology Europe
Quaternary ? " Vandenberghe, J.
Broek, P. van den 1982A Weichselian convolution phenomena and processes in fine sediments 299-315 Boreas 11 Clastic sedimentology Netherlands; Belgium
Quaternary ( ? ; Vandenberghe, J.
Bohncke, S.J.P.
Lammers, W.
Zilverberg, L. 1987 Geomorphology and palaeoecology of the Mark Valley (southern Netherlands): geomorphological valley development during the Weichselian and Holocene 55-67 Boreas 16 Palaeogeography Netherlands
Quaternary
? : Vandenberghe, J.
Paris, P.
Kasse, C.
Gouman, M.
Beyens, L. 1984z Palaeomorphological and botanical evolution of small lowland valleys - a case study of the Mark valley in Northern Belgium 229-238 Catena 11 Palaeogeography Belgium
Quaternary ? Van der Hammen, T. 1951> Lateglacial flora and periglacial phenomena in the Netherlands 71-184 Leidse Geologische Mededelingen 17 Glacial Geology Netherlands
QuaternaryL ? Van der Hammen, T. 19716 The Upper Quaternary stratigraphy of the Dinkel valley 55-213W The Upper Quaternary of the Dinkel valley (Twente, Eastern Overijssel, The Netherlands)! Hammen, T. van der
Wijmstra, T.A. Stratigraphy6 Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie 22 Netherlands
QuaternaryE7
# Van der Vlerk, I.M.
Florschütz, F. 1953R The palaeontological base of the subdivision of the Pleistocene in the Netherlands 3-58l Verhandelingen van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeling Natuurkunde, Eerste Reeks 20 2
Palaeontology Netherlands
Quaternary Nederlands? ? Van Dorsser, H.J. 1956( Het landschap van Westelijk Noordbrabant 133 Utrecht Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht Netherlands
Quaternary ? Van Huissteden, J. 1990 Tundra rivers of the Last Glacial: sedimentation and geomorphological processes during the Middle Pleniglacial in Twente, Eastern Netherlands 3-138% Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 44 3 Glacial Geology Netherlands
Quaternary?
4 Van Huissteden, J.
Valk, L. van der
Vandenberghe, J. 1986L Geomorphological evolution of a lowland valley system during the Weichselian 207-216% Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 11 Palaeogeography Netherlands; Belgium
Quaternary6? Van Leeuwaarden, W. 1982 Palynological and macropalaeobotanical studies in the development of the vegetation mosaic in eastern Noord-Brabant (The Netherlands) during Lateglacial and Early Holocene times 204 PhD Utrecht Universiteit Utrecht
Palaeontology Netherlands
Quaternary
? Van Leeuwen, R.J.W.
Beets, D.
Bosch, J.H.A.
Burger, A.W.
Cleveringa, P.
Harten, D. van
Herngreen, G. F. W.
Kruk, R. W.
Langereis, C.G.
Meijer, T.
Pouwer, R.
Wolf, H. de 2000 Stratigraphy and integrated facies analysis of the Saalian and Eemian sediments in the Amsterdam-Terminal borehole, the Netherlands 161-196" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 79 2/3 Stratigraphy Netherlands
Quaternary H 0|
Xal. (2000)-1001850917/Van Leeuwen et al. (2000).pdf ? Van Montfrans, H.M. 1971, Palaeomagnetic dating in the North Sea Basin 133 PhD
Amsterdam Universiteit van Amsterdam
Geophysics NL North Sea Generic ? Vink, A.P.A. 1949\ Bijdrage tot de kennis van loess en dekzanden, in het bijzonder van de zuidoostelijke Veluwe 147 PhD
Wageningen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen Clastic sedimentology Netherlands
Quaternary ? Vink, A.P.A.
Sevink, J. 1971% Soils and paleosols in the Lutterzand 165-185) The Upper Quaternary of the Dinkel valley! Hammen, T. van der
Wijmstra, T.A. Palaeogeography6 Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie 22 Netherlands
Quaternary ?
Wiggers, A.J. 1956 Korrelgrootteonderzoek 72-80U Het Jong-Kwartair op de Peelhorst en in de Westelijk van de Horst gelegen Grote Slenk
Burck, H.D.M. Clastic sedimentology: Mededelingen van de Geologische Stichting, Nieuwe Serie 10 Netherlands
Quaternary?
Zagwijn, W.H. 1961| Vegetation, climate and radiocarbon datings in the Late Pleistocene of the Netherlands. Part I: Eemian and Early Weichselian 15-450 Mededelingen Geologische Stichting, Nieuwe Serie 14 Glacial Geology Netherlands
Quaternary ?
Zagwijn, W.H. 1973R Pollenanalytic studies of Holsteinian and Saalian beds in the northern Netherlands 139-1563 Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie 24
Palaeontology Netherlands
Quaternary ?
Zagwijn, W.H. 1974s Vegetation, climate and radiocarbon datings in the Late Pleistocene of the Netherlands. Part II: Middle Weichselian 101-1103 Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie 25 3 Glacial Geology Netherlands
Quaternary 3?
Zagwijn, W.H. 1975L Indeling van het Kwartair op grond van veranderingen in vegetatie en klimaat 109-114> Toelichting bij de geologische overzichtskaarten van Nederland# Zagwijn, W.H.
Staalduinen, C.J. van Haarlem Rijks Geologische Dienst Stratigraphy Netherlands
Quaternary ?
Zagwijn, W.H. 1996; An analysis of Eemian climate in western and central Europe 451-469 Quaternary Science Reviews 15 Climate Central Europe
Quaternary ?
Zagwijn, W.H. 1996Y The Cromerian Complex Stage of the Netherlands and correlation with other areas of Europe 145-172& The Early Middle Pleistocene in Europe
Turner, C. Rotterdam Balkema Stratigraphy Netherlands
Quaternary? 0 Zagwijn, W.H.
Montfrans, H.M. van
Zandstra, J.G. 1971k Subdivision of the Cromerian in the Netherlands; pollen analysis, palaeomagnetism and sedimentary petrology 41-58 Geologie en Mijnbouw 50 Stratigraphy Netherlands
Quaternary ? Zonneveld, J.I.S. 1947V Het Kwartair van het Peelgebied en naaste omgeving (Een sediment petrologische studie) 1-2238 Mededeelingen van de Geologische Stichting, Serie C-VI-3 Stratigraphy Netherlands
Quaternary ? Zonneveld, J.I.S. 1958= Litho-stratigrafische eenheden in het Nederlandse Pleistoceen 31-647 Mededelingen van de Geologische Stichting, Nieuwe Serie 12 Stratigraphy Netherlands
Quaternary ? Zonneveld, J.I.S. 1964 De “Zone van Rosmalen” 490-492 Geologie en Mijnbouw 43 Stratigraphy Netherlands
Quaternary h? Albers, P.C.H. 2005X A Placodontoid jaw fragment from the Lower Muschelkalk of Winterswijk (The Netherlands) 33-36( www.PalArch.nl, vertebrate palaeontology 3 5
Palaeontology A jaw fragment of what was most likely a placodontoid marine reptile has been reported from the Lower Muschelkalk of Winterswijk. The fragment is too small for determination on the species level but the typical tooth replacement of the placodontoid family can just be recognised. The teeth however are far smaller than fitting to any of the known species if not belonging to a juvenile. Netherlands Triassic 0 ¨ 6058496/Albers (2005)2.pdf
? Albers, P.C.H. 2005l A new specimen of Nothosaurus marchicus with features that relate the taxon to Nothosaurus winterswijkensis 1-7( www.PalArch.nl, vertebrate palaeontology 3 1
Palaeontology A new incomplete skull of Nothosaurus marchicus was found in the Lower Muschelkalk of Winterswijk below the layers in which Nothosaurus winterswijkensis specimens are normally found. Although this skull resembles N. marchicus more closely than it does N. winterswijkensis it has several features which suggest an intermediate position. The specimen shares with N. marchicus, apart from general size, five teeth preceeding the maxillary fangs, the body of the vomer not extending backwards for a greater distance than the longitudinal diameter of the internal naris and the absence of an anteromedial process of the prefrontal. It shares with N. winterswijkensis however that the prefrontal excludes contact between the maxilla and the frontal, the fifth premaxillary fang being distinctly smaller and the jugal entering (or at least almost entering) the orbit. As all other specimens of N. marchicus originate from localities further to the east and the presumed transgression of the Anisian Muschelkalk is from east to west, it is assumed that N. marchicus is an older species than N. winterswijkensis. Phylogenetic interrelationships however have put N. winterswijkensis at a more basal position than N. marchicus, which has now definitively been proven wrong by the stratigraphy of the Winterswijk finds. Netherlands Triassic 0 3`243650048/Albers (2005).pdf ?! Cohen, K.M. 2010+ Tektoniek beïnvloedt rivieren in Nederland 12-15 Geografie Structural Geology Netherlands
Quaternary , / 8064384/Cohen (2010).pdf?" & Dekker, L.W.
Booij, A.H.
Ritsema, C.J. 1997W IJzerbanden en ijzerwanden in onze zanden; De samenhang ervan met de stroming van water 29-40
Stromingen 3 2 Hydrogeology In veel podzolgronden komt onder de humusinspoelingshorizont (BZh) plaatselijk een ijzerbandje (BZir) voor (figuur 1). De vorming daarvan hangt samen met een specifiek vochtfront dat optreedt als een slecht doorlatende bodemlaag op een goed doorlatende voorkomt. Op sommige kleine, relatief lage plekken, 'mini-vennetjes: is onder invloed van accumulatie van water en van veengroei het ijzerbandje verplaatst naar de diepere zandondergrond. Daardoor zijn hierin 'ijzerkuipen'gevormd. Van een aantal grotere vennen is bekend dat ze zijn gemarkeerd door verticale ijzerwanden. In dit artikel gaan we nader in op het ontstaan en de verbreiding van deze ijzerlaagjes en hun invloed op de waterbeweging in de grond. Netherlands
Quaternary < 497)-0818184960/Dekker et al. (1997).pdf P?# ' Donovan, S.K.
Jagt, J.W. M.
Lewis, D.N. 2008 Ichnology of Late Cretaceous echinoids from the Maastrichtian type area (The Netherlands, Belgium) - 1. A healed puncture wound in Hemipneustes striatoradiatus (Leske) 73-76& Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum 34
Palaeontology Netherlands; Belgium
Cretaceous < ;d B08)-3838296832/Donovan et al. (2008).pdf
?$ Jagt, J.W.M.
Reumer, J.W.F. 2010u An unexpected fossil crinoid from the ‘Kor en Bot’ trawling trips on the Oosterschelde (Zeeland, the Netherlands) 169-172# Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 89 2
Palaeontology Netherlands Jurassic < < 010)-3100303872/Jagt & Reumer (2010).pdf ?% Jagt, J.W.M. 2007q A Late Cretaceous gastropod homing scar (possibly ichnogenus Lacrimichnus) from southern Limburg, The Netherlands 19-26 Scripta Geologica 134
Palaeontology Netherlands
Cretaceous , ` <713536/Jagt (2007).pdf ?& - Klompmaker, A.A.
Berkmortel, B.J.H.M. van den 2007t Earliest Jurassic (Hettangian) psiloceratoid ammonites from a subrosion pipe at Winterswijk, the eastern Netherlands 379-388" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 86 4R Alsatites; Ammonoidea; Lower Jurassic; Saxoceras; Schlotheimia; Winterswijk quarry
Palaeontology, A small faunule of fragmentary Hettangian (earliest Jurassic) psiloceratoid ammonites collected from dark-coloured, clay-rich sediments in a subrosion pipe at Quarry III of the Winterswijk quarry complex is described. The genera Alsatites, Saxoceras and Schlotheimia are determined by comparison to extensive literature on coeval, north German faunas. Taphonomic features are apparent indicating condensation and reworking. Despite this, the portion of the subrosion pipe sediment fill which yielded this material can be dated as middle to late Hettangian. Netherlands Jurassic P 8 kmortel (2007)-2211489024/Klompmaker & Berkmortel (2007).pdf_
?' x Willems, L.
Rodet, J.
Fournier, M.
Massei, N.
Laignel, B.
Dussart-Baptista, L.
Schyns, J.-C.
Dusar, M.
Lagrou, D.
Ek, C. 2005R Genesis of a karst system in the Lower Meuse chalk district (Belgian-Dutch border) 1-66 Proceedings of the International Congres of Speleology Carbonate sedimentology Belgium; Netherlands
Cretaceous @ P `(2005)-3406927617/Willems et al. (2005).pdf ?(
De Jong, M.L. 2009Z Potential gas shales in the Netherlands: research for source rocks and exploration methods 74 Master Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Natural resources
09-04-2009 Netherlands Generic 0
h v8650497/De Jong (2009).pdf -?) 6 Oosterink, H.W.
Simon, Th.
Hagdorn, H.
Winkelhorst, H. 2006W A subrosion pipe fill in the Lower Muschelkalk, Winterswijk Quarry, Eastern Netherlands 293-297" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 85 4q Subrosion pipe; Triassic; Lower Muschelkalk; Zechstein Salinar; Röt Salinar; Winterswijk quarry; the Netherlands In the ‘Winterswijksche Steen- en Kalkgroeve’, situated in the eastern Netherlands, Lower Muschelkalk limestones are quarried. A ca. 30 m wide area in the quarry face showing fragmented rock material in chaotic accumulation in between stratified Muschelkalk sediments was interpreted until now to be the result of karstification or tectonic fragmentation. The present investigation indicates that it originated as a subrosion pipe fill that formed by continuous upsection collapse which commenced in the Röt gypsum and anhydrite beds more than 200 m below. The pipe fill is dated probably to one of the Quarternary interstadials when these rocks were dissolved by groundwater at even greater depths. Netherlands Triassic @
,D2006)-4129297409/Oosterink et al. (2006).pdfp?*
Rhebergen, F. 2009 Ordovician sponges (Porifera) and other silicifications from Baltica in Neogene and Pleistocene fluvial deposits of the Netherlands and northern Germany 24-37" Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 58 1H Baltica; Eridanos River; erratics; Ordovician; Porifera; silicifications
Palaeontology Fluvial deposits of Miocene to Early Pleistocene age in Germany and the Netherlands were laid down in the delta of the Eridanos River System, but the exact provenance of this material continues to be a subject of discussion. The aim of the present study is twofold. Firstly, a comparison of Ordovician sponges in these deposits with those from northern Estonia and the St Petersburg region (Russia) demonstrates that these erratics originated from the drainage area of the Pra Neva, a tributary of the Eridanos. Secondly, the importance of Late Ordovician silicified boulders, which yield forms of preservation that are unknown in comparable fossils, preserved in situ, is outlined. Some recommendations for future studies are made. Netherlands; Germany
Ordovician doi:10.3176/earth.2009.1.03 4
` g 747222785/Rhebergen (2009).pdf X?+ Schneider, S.
Heissig, K. 2005b An early seal (Mammalia, Pinnipedia) from the Middle Miocene (Langhian) of Miste (The Netherlands) 151-158 Scripta Geologica 129< Miophoca; Pinnipedia; Middle Miocene; Miste; The Netherlands
Palaeontology7 A single, upper premolar tooth of a seal from the Miste mollusc bed (Miocene, middle Langhian: The Netherlands) is determined as an upper P3 of Miophoca cf. vetusta Zapfe. Fossils of this species and genus have to date only been reported from the Late Badenian (uppermost Langhian) of the Central Paratethys, at “Neudorf-Sandberg” (Devínská Nová Ves, Slovakia). This latter locality, however, is some two million years younger than the Miste Bed. The tooth from Miste represents the first evidence for the presence of the genus Miophoca in the North Sea Basin. Netherlands Neogene H yDg (2005)-0103373825/Schneider & Heissig (2005).pdf ?, % Van Balen, R.T.
Kasse, K.
Edelman, D. 2003 De Gilze-Rijen breuk bij Tilburg 81-85 Grondboor & Hamer 5 Structural Geologyo Afgelopen zomer is door de Tilburgsche Waterleiding-Maatschappij (TWM) een sleuf gegraven over de Gilze-Rijen breuk. Deze breuk ligt aan de zuidwestrand van een groot dalingsgebied in Zuid-Nederland, de Roerdal Slenk. Andere, meer bekende breuken behorende tot dit dalingssysteem zijn de Peelrand Breuk bij Roermond en Uden, en de Feldbiss Breuk bij Bree, Born en Sittard. De afgelopen jaren zijn er verschillende sleuven gegraven door Nederlandse, Belgische en Duitse onderzoekers over sommige delen van deze breuken (zie www.geo.vu.nl/~quageo), met als hoofddoel de aardbevingsgeschiedenis van de breuken vast te stellen. Netherlands Generic @ 2003)-3677171713/Van Balen et al. (2003).pdf6?- { ' Walaszczyk, I.
Jagt, J.W.M.
Keutgen, N. 2010 The youngest Maastrichtian ‘true’ inoceramids from the Vijlen Member (Gulpen Formation) in northeast Belgium and the Aachen area (Germany) 147-167# Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 89 2K Bivalvia; Inoceramidae; Maastrichtian; Maastrichtian type area; correlation
Palaeontology1 The youngest representatives of ‘true’ (= non-tegulated) inoceramid bivalves (Inoceramidae) are described from intervals 3-6 of the Vijlen Member (Gulpen Formation), of late early and early late Maastrichtian age, as exposed at quarries and temporary sections in northeast Belgium (CPL SAHaccourt and CBR-Lixhe quarries) and the Aachen area (Germany), i.e. the extended type area of the Maastrichtian Stage. In total, twelve taxa are recognised from levels which are correlative with the Calcaire a Baculites of Manche (France), as well as with the Tercis les Bains section in southwest France, the Wisła (Vistula) River sections (central Poland) and the Western Interior of the United States. Associated cephalopods allow a detailed correlation between biozones based on those groups and on inoceramid bivalves. Belgium; Germany
Cretaceous D
A, (2010)-1311842305/Walaszcyk et al. (2010).pdf ?. ) Agarwal, R.G.
Al-Hussainy, R.
Ramey, H.J. 19650 The Importance of Water Influx in Gas Reservoirs 1336-1342 Journal of Petroleum Geology November Engineering Geology Generic Generic < F ¨65)-2654872833/Agarwal et al. (1965).pdf?3 TNO-NITG 1991t Geological Atlas of the Subsurface of the Netherlands (1 : 250 000), Explanation to Map Sheet II: Ameland-Leeuwarden 87 HaarlemM Netherlands Institute for Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey Geology Netherlands Generic ?F TNO-NITG 2004u Geological Atlas of the Subsurface of the Netherlands (1 : 250 000), Explanation to Map Sheet IX: Harderwijk-Nijmegen 123 UtrechtM Netherlands Institute for Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey Geology Netherlands Generic ?: Faase, P.E. 2002f De ontdekking van de ondergrond - Anderhalve eeuw toegepast geowetenschappelijk onderzoek in Nederland 152 Utrecht9 Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO History Netherlands Generic?2 TNO-NITG 1991v Geological Atlas of the Subsurface of the Netherlands (1 : 250 000), Explanation to Map Sheet I: Vlieland-Terschelling 77 HaarlemM Netherlands Institute for Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey Geology Netherlands Generic ?4 TNO-NITG 1995x Geological Atlas of the Subsurface of the Netherlands (1 : 250 000), Explanation to Map Sheet III: Rottumeroog-Groningen 113 HaarlemM Netherlands Institute for Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey Geology Netherlands Generic?5 TNO-NITG 1993q Geological Atlas of the Subsurface of the Netherlands (1 : 250 000), Explanation to Map Sheet IV: Texel-Purmerend 127 HaarlemM Netherlands Institute for Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey Geology Netherlands Generic?6 TNO-NITG 1993m Geological Atlas of the Subsurface of the Netherlands (1 : 250 000), Explanation to Map Sheet V: Sneek-Zwolle 126 HaarlemM Netherlands Institute for Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey Geology Netherlands Generic?7 TNO-NITG 2000s Geological Atlas of the Subsurface of the Netherlands (1 : 250 000), Explanation to Map Sheet VI: Veendam-Hoogeveen 152 UtrechtM Netherlands Institute for Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey Geology Netherlands Generic < ?8 TNO-NITG 2002 Geological Atlas of the Subsurface of the Netherlands (1 : 250 000), Explanation to Map Sheets VII and VIII: Noordwijk-Rotterdam and Amsterdam-Gorinchem 135 UtrechtM Netherlands Institute for Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey Geology Netherlands Generic4 ?1 TNO-NITG 2001 Geological Atlas of the Subsurface of the Netherlands (1 : 250 000). Explanation to Map Sheets XIII and XIV: Breda-Valkenswaard and Oss-Roermond UtrechtM Netherlands Institute for Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey Geology Netherlands Generic 149?/ TNO-NITG 1998s Geological Atlas of the Subsurface of the Netherlands (1 : 250 000). Explanation to Map Sheet X: Almelo-Winterswijk 134 HaarlemM Netherlands Institute for Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey Geology Netherlands Generic ?9 TNO-NITG 1999t Geological Atlas of the Subsurface of the Netherlands (1 : 250 000), Explanation to Map Sheet XV: Sittard-Maastricht 127 UtrechtM Netherlands Institute for Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey Geology Netherlands Generic ?; NITG 2004? Geological Atlas of the Subsurface of the Netherlands - onshore 104 Utrecht/ Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO Stratigraphy Netherlands Generic ?< / Rondeel, H.E.
Batjes, D.A.J.
Nieuwenhuijs, W.H. 1996, Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands 284> Royal Geological and Mining Society of the Netherlands - KNGMG Dordrecht Kluwer Petroleum Geology Netherlands Generic ?= ' Transactions of the Jubilee Convention, 1963) Geology and mining in the Netherlands (1) 179 21R Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap Netherlands Generic ?> ' Transactions of the Jubilee Convention, 1963) Geology and mining in the Netherlands (2) 280 21 (2)R Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap Netherlands Generic ?? - Visser, W.A.
Zonneveld, J.I.S.
Loon, van A.J. 1987G Seventy-five years of geology and mining in the Netherlands (1912-1987) 336 The Hague6 Royal Geological and Mining Society of the Netherlands History Netherlands Generic ?@ j
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Seismicity Netherlands Generic ?y
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Seismicity Netherlands Generic ?{
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Seismicity Netherlands Generic ?
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Seismicity Netherlands Generic ?
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Seismicity Netherlands Generic ?
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Seismicity Netherlands Generic ?
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Seismicity Netherlands Generic ?
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